First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
-
Upload
ahmed94062331 -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
1/49
DR. AHMED ADEL
DR. AMR OSMAN HABIB
DR. MAHMOUD SALAH
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
2/49
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
3/49
o matter why you are taking generalchemistry, this course is designed to meet
the following objectives:
Introduce you to the language that
-
language that has been adopted by professionals
in such diverse fields as political science and
astronomy.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
4/49
Introduce you to concepts
and skills those are needed inlater courses in your major.
Help you improve problem-
solving skills that can betransferred to your profession or to
life in general.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
5/49
Introduction to QualitativeAnalysis1
1,2, and 3 ions)
Basic Radicals (Groups
1,2, and 3 ions)
3
Basic Radicals (Groups
4,5, and 6 ions)
4
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
6/49
Identification of CompleteSalt
5
Revision for Identification ofComplete Salt
6
Intro uct on to Quant tat veAnalysis
7
Acid-Base Titration8Total Alkalinity By Ph.Ph. &
M.O.
9
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
7/49
Total Alkalinity ByBromocresol
10
Total Hardness11Oxidation Reduction Reactions12
Precipitation Reactions13
Petroleum Experiments 114
Petroleum Experiments 215
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
8/49
Develop basic Chemistry lab skills,
an acqu re a t oroug tra n ng onexperimental techniques, in both
qualitative and quantitative chemicaldeterminations.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
9/49
Stress the quantitative aspects of theChemistry lab. Master the techniques of
basic chemical measurements.
Learn how to assess the recision of a
measurement, and thus report a givenmeasurement to the right degree of
precision.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
10/49
Learn how to establish the link between theory and experiment. Study
basic calculation techniques for thetreatment of chemical data, and learn
ow o raw conc us ons an repor naresults.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
11/49
Pipet filler
There are several
styles of fillers used to
draw liquids into a
pipet.
Never draw a liquid into
a pipet with your
mouth .
Pipette
For exact volume
measurements of
liquids .
Erlenmeyer flask
Used to contain
reaction solutions .
Filter flask
Used in conjunction
with a vacuum
connection to a
water faucet to
speed up filtration .
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
12/49
Test tube holder
To hold test tubeswhile heating .
Test Tube
Beaker
Used to contain chemical
reactions
Filter funnel
When lined with filter paper,
used to filter suspended solids from a liquid .
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
13/49
Please read carefully the safety
regulations and emergency
procedures, set by the instructor.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
14/49
Discipline:
It should be strict and rigorous. The
lab is a serious work place and couldbe dangerous if not properly used.
s e av or w re ect automat ca yon your evaluation.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
15/49
Absences:Students are expected to attend all
laboratory sessions and perform all
experiments. Under very specialcircumstances, a make-up experiment could
e perm e . u en s w o m ss more anone lab session should automatically
withdraw from the course.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
16/49
Your final grade will be
determined from a wei hted
average of the followingevaluation tools using the same
grading scale as in the lecture.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
17/49
80% laboratory report and LabExam.
10% quizzes (will be announceone week in advance).
10% subjective evaluation ofyour performance and
Participation
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
18/49
Pre-Laboratory Assignments are to be
completed before coming to the
laboratory.
1.
Record data directl on the laborator2.
data sheets in ink. Data is not to berecorded on scratch paper. A single line
should be drawn through an erroneousentry and the corrected number entered
above.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
19/49
Reagent bottles are not to be taken to
your desk.
3.
Do not take more reagent than required;4.
disposal is also costly as well as
wasteful.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
20/49
Never return excess liquid or solid reagents
to the reagent bottles. Share them or
dispose of them as directed by your
instructor. Certain chemicals must bedisposed of in designated containers.
Others may be flushed down the drain with
5.
water, when so instructed.Your work area as well as the areas around
the balances and reagent bottles should be
kept clean at all times. Spills should becleaned up immediately and reported to the
instructor.
6.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
21/49
Avoid contamination of reagent bottles;
do not interchange stoppers or droppers
from different bottles; use clean, dryspatulas.
7.
Distilled water should be used inexperiments unless otherwise
instructed.
8.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
22/49
Do not lock community or sharedequipment in your desk. It should
be cleaned and returned back when
the experiment is completed.
9.
,
be certain that his/her work area is
clean, water and gas have been
turned off,
.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
23/49
Chemical Analysis
Qualitative Analysis Quantitative Analysis
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
24/49
QualitativeAnalysis
s a ser es o c em ca reac onswhich carried out for the different
types of chemical compounds to
determine the main components ofthe compound
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
25/49
QualitativeAnalysis
Analysis of
organic
compounds
Analysis of
inorganic
compounds
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
26/49
Analysis oforganic
compounds
To investigate the characteristicfunctional groups such as (COOH),
(OH-), (NH2
), and so on.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
27/49
Analysis ofinorganic
compounds
To identify the anions and cationsfrom which the inorganic salt
consists.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
28/49
QuantitativeAnalysis
which we can evaluate the
percentages of each element or
ion in the compound by weight
or by volume.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
29/49
Quantitative Analysis
Gravimetric
analysis
Volumetric
analysis
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
30/49
Gravimetricanalysis
In which the required element or ion
can be precipitated as sparinglysoluble compound which can be
separated by filtration, then dried and
wieghted.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
31/49
Volumetricanalysis
Serves in determination of the quantity of
,
i.e. solution concentration.
That is achieved by reaction of solution of
unknown concentration with anothersolution of known concentration (standard
solution)
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
32/49
InIn ourour coursecourse wewe willwill useuse thethe qualitativequalitativeanalysisanalysis toto identifyidentify thethe SimpleSimple InorganicInorganic
SaltsSalts
AcidAcid BaseBase SaltSalt WaterWater++ ++
HClHCl aOHaOH aClaCl HH22OO++ ++
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
33/49
HHClCl aaOHOH aaClCl HH22OO++ ++
AcidAcid
BaseBase
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
34/49
ClCl--aa++
Basic RadicalBasic Radical
Acidic RadicalAcidic Radical
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
35/49
Acidic Radicals:
Acidic Radicals are grouped into three
groups depending on the reaction occurs
between the ion of the salt with a reagent
characteristic to this group.
(i.e.) Each group has its own reagent
which is characteristic for this group.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
36/49
We have two types of tests
1- Principal Test:
Which is the test identifying the group, itoccurs on the Solid salt and we seek for
Effervescence or Gas Evolution.
2- Confirmatory Test:
Which is the test inside the group to confirm
the presence of the ions, it occurs on the saltSolution and we seek for precipitation.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
37/49
ote:ote: First, we do ExperimentFirst, we do Experiment
Then, we see the Observation.Then, we see the Observation.
Finally, we get the Results.Finally, we get the Results.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
38/49
Group 1:Group 1:
Solid Salt + dil HClSolid Salt + dil HCl
Effervescence or Gas Evolution.
We have six acidic radicals in this groups
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
39/49
CO3
-2 Carbonate
HCO3-1 Bicarbonate
S-2 Sulphide
SO3-2 Sulphite
O3-1 itrite
S2O3-2 Thiosulphate
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
40/49
ResultResultObservationObservation CO2 from carbonateor bicarbonates
1. Effervesces with evolution
of colourless gas.
H2S from sulphide.2. Colourless gas characteristicby odour of rotten eggs.
2 ..
suffocating odour.
SO2 from
thiosulphste
4. The same gas as in 3 and
colloidal sulpher is deposited
with yellow ppt.
O2 from nitrite.5. Reddish brown fumes.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
41/49
ote that,
After we know the ion from theprinciple test, we must do the
confirmatory test for this ion.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
42/49
Confirmatory Test of Sulphide
Salt Soln + AgO3 gives Black ppt.
Salt Soln + (CH3COO)2Pb gives Black ppt.
Confirmatory Test of Sulphite Salt Soln + AgO3 gives White ppt.
Salt Soln + (CH3COO)2Pb givesWhite ppt.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
43/49
Confirmatory Test of Thiosulphate Salt Soln + AgO3 gives white ppt
turns to Black ppt.
Salt Soln + CH COO Pb ives
white ppt which turns Black ppt onboiling.
Confirmatory Test of itrite
Salt Soln + AgO3 gives white ppt.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
44/49
To differentiate betweenTo differentiate between
Carbonates and BicarbonatesCarbonates and Bicarbonates
All HCO3-1 are soluble in water
hereas all CO -2 are insoluble in
water except (ammonium, Sodiumand Potassium) carbonates
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
45/49
Solid + WaterSolid + Water
HCOHCO33--11 or COor CO33
--22 (H(H44++, a, a++, K, K++))
COCO33--22
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
46/49
SolnSoln + MgSO+ MgSO44
COCO33
--22White pptWhite ppt
o ppto ppt HCOHCO33--11
ame: Section:
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
47/49
ame: Section:
Bench umber: Program: Date: /10/2009
ResultObservationExperiment1) Solid + Dil.HCL
A) Physical Properties:
Solubility: Crystallinity: Colour:
B) Chemical Properties:
2) Solid + Conc.H2SO4
3) Soln. + BaCL2
4) Soln. + AgO3
5) Soln. +......
6) Soln. +......
The Acidic Radical is ( )
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
48/49
identification of the three groupsof Acidic Radical.
The project can be deliveredusing word or powerpoint.
-
8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]
49/49
an s or yourAttention