First Exam this coming Thursday

Covers first nine lectures, discussion

sections, and Chapters 1 through 5

50 Multiple Choice Questions

Adaptation and Deterioration of Environment

Non-directed (random) changes in either A or B are equally likely to reduce the level of adaptation (d ) when small, but as the magnitude of change increases, the probability of improvementdiminishes.

Ronald A. Fisher

Heat Budgets and Thermal Ecology

Passive thermoconformer

Nephrurus laevissimus

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34

36

38

40

42

44

Body Temp.Air Temperature

Body Temperature

Active Thermoregulator

Ctenophorus isolepis

Water Economy in Desert Organisms

Other Limiting Materials

Sensory Capacities and Environmental Cues

Adaptive Suites

Design Constraints

Phrynosoma platyrhinos

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25

30

35

40

ariadnae BT

atlas BT

leae BT

leonhardii BT

brooksi BT

calurus BT

Ambient Air Temperature

Body Temperature

ariadnae

atlas

leae

leonhardii

brooksi

calurus

Australian skink: Ctenotus brooksi

Australian skink: Ctenotus leae

Australian skinks: Ctenotus piankai and Ctenotus helenae

403530252015105020

25

30

35

40

ariadnae BT

atlas BT

leae BT

leonhardii BT

brooksi BT

calurus BT

Ambient Air Temperature

Body Temperature

ariadnae

atlas

leae

leonhardii

brooksi

calurus

We’ll skip most of Chapter 6 (you should have had this)

Nature versus Nuture Debate Phenotypic traits often ascribed to genetic or environmental

Is I.Q. determined by genetic or environmental factors? BOTH!

Genes express themselves but are filtered by environments.

Green-Brown polymorphisms in Texas grasshoppers.

Syrbula and Chortophaga raised in Green and Brown Cages.

When fed dry grass, they become brown

When fed moist grass, they become green

Green-brown switch modulated by moisture content of food.

Classic “Environmentally induced” polymorphism

But, because it is clearly adaptive, it must be genetic

Genes must underly what color a grasshopper becomes.