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Publisher’sNote

Sincethe18thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)held inNovember2012, thenewcentral leadershipwithXi Jinpingasgeneralsecretary has led the whole Party and the people of China in confronting theproblemsandchallengestheyface:todrivereformandopeninguptoadeeperlevel, to modernize the national governance system, and to marshal theirenormous strength behind theChineseDream of the great rejuvenation of theChinesenation.UndertheleadershipoftheCPC,thecountryisstrivingtobuildabrightfutureforsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.

Chinaisattractinggrowingattentionworldwide.Theworldwantstoknowwhatchangesare inprogress inChina,andwhat impact theywillhaveon therestoftheworld.

As general secretary of theCPCCentral Committee and president of thePeople’sRepublicofChina,XiJinpinghasdeliveredmanyspeechesonabroadrangeofissues.Hehasofferedhisthoughts,viewsandjudgments,andansweredaseriesofimportanttheoreticalandpracticalquestionsaboutthePartyandthecountry in these changing times. His speeches embody the philosophy of thenewcentralleadership.

To respond to rising international interest and to enhance the rest of theworld’sunderstandingoftheChinesegovernment’sphilosophyanditsdomesticand foreignpolicies, theStateCouncil InformationOffice, thePartyLiteratureResearch Office of the CPC Central Committee and the China InternationalPublishingGrouphaveworkedtogethertoproducethisbook–TheGovernanceofChina.

ThebookisacompilationofXiJinping’smajorworksfromNovember15,2012toJune13,2014.It includesspeeches, talks, interviews,instructions,andcorrespondence.The79piecesarearrangedin18chapters,andnotesareaddedtohelpreadersunderstandChina’ssocialsystem,historyandculture.

Thebookalsocontains45picturesofXiJinpingatworkandindailylife,

withfocusontheperiodsincethe18thCPCNationalCongressin2012.

CONTENTS

SocialismwithChineseCharacteristicsThePeople’sWishforaGoodLifeIsOurGoalStudy,DisseminateandImplementtheGuidingPrinciplesofthe18thCPCNationalCongressUpholdandDevelopSocialismwithChineseCharacteristicsCarryontheEnduringSpiritofMaoZedongThought

TheChineseDreamAchievingRejuvenationIstheDreamoftheChinesePeopleAddresstotheFirstSessionofthe12thNationalPeople’sCongressHardWorkMakesDreamsComeTrueRealizeYouthfulDreamsTheChineseDreamWillBenefitNotOnly thePeopleofChina,ButAlsoofOtherCountriesRightTimetoInnovateandMakeDreamsComeTrueThe Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation Is a Dream Shared by AllChinese

All-roundandDeeper-levelReformReformandOpeningupIsAlwaysOngoingandWillNeverEndExplanatoryNotes to the “Decisionof theCentralCommittee of theCommunist Party of China on Some Major Issues ConcerningComprehensivelyContinuingtheReform”AlignOurThinkingwiththeGuidelinesoftheThirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommitteePushAheadwithReformDespiteMoreDifficultiesImprove Governance Capacity Through the Socialist System withChineseCharacteristics

EconomicDevelopmentEconomicGrowthMustBeGenuineandNotInflatedOpenWidertotheOutsideWorld

The“InvisibleHand”andthe“VisibleHand”TransitiontoInnovation-drivenGrowthRevolutionizeEnergyProductionandConsumption

RuleofLawCommemorate the 30th Anniversary of the Promulgation andImplementationoftheCurrentConstitutionDevelopaLaw-basedCountry,GovernmentandSocietyPromote Social Fairness and Justice, Ensure a Happy Life for thePeople

CulturallyAdvancedChinaEnhancePublicityandTheoreticalWorkStrongEthicalSupportfortheRealizationoftheChineseDreamEnhanceChina’sCulturalSoftPowerCultivateandDisseminatetheCoreSocialistValuesYoungPeopleShouldPracticetheCoreSocialistValuesFosterandPracticeCoreSocialistValuesfromChildhood

SocialUndertakingsEliminatePovertyandAccelerateDevelopmentinImpoverishedAreasBetterandFairerEducationforthe1.3BillionChinesePeopleAcceleratetheDevelopmentofHousingSecurityandSupplyAlwaysPutPeople’sLivesFirstBuildChinaintoaCyberpowerAHolisticViewofNationalSecuritySafeguardNationalSecurityandSocialStability

EcologicalProgressABetterEnvironmentforaBeautifulChinaUsherinaNewEraofEcologicalProgressLeavetoOurFutureGenerationsBlueSkies,GreenFieldsandCleanWater

NationalDefenseBuildupOurNationalDefenseandArmedForcesBuildStrongNationalDefenseandPowerfulMilitaryForcesBuildPeople’sArmedForcesThatFollowtheParty’sCommands,AreAbletoWinBattlesandHaveFineConduct

“OneCountry,TwoSystems”HongKong,MacaoandtheChineseMainlandAreCloselyLinkedbyDestiny

CreateaBetterFuturefortheChineseNationHandinHandHandleCross-StraitsRelationsintheOverallInterestsoftheChineseNationTogetherFulfilltheChineseDreamofNationalRejuvenationTakeontheTaskofExpandingCross-StraitsRelationsandAchievingNationalRejuvenation

PeacefulDevelopmentStrengthentheFoundationforPursuingPeacefulDevelopmentWorkTogetherforMutuallyBeneficialCooperationFollow a Sensible, Coordinated and Balanced Approach to NuclearSecurityExchangesandMutualLearningMakeCivilizationsRicherandMoreColorfulChina’sCommitmenttoPeacefulDevelopment

NewModelofMajor-countryRelationsFollow the Trend of the Times and Promote Global Peace andDevelopmentBuildaNewModelofMajor-countryRelationshipBetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesBuild a Bridge of Friendship and Cooperation Across the EurasianContinent

NeighborhoodDiplomacyWorkTogethertoBuildtheSilkRoadEconomicBeltWorkTogethertoBuilda21st-centuryMaritimeSilkRoadDiplomacywithNeighboringCountriesCharacterizedbyFriendship,Sincerity,ReciprocityandInclusiveness

CooperationwithDevelopingCountriesBeTrustworthyFriendsandSincerePartnersForeverForge aStrongerPartnershipBetweenChina andLatinAmerica andtheCaribbeanPromotetheSilkRoadSpirit,StrengthenChina-ArabCooperation

MultilateralRelationsWorkHandinHandforCommonDevelopmentABetterFutureforAsiaandtheWorldJointlyMaintainandDevelopanOpenWorldEconomyCarry Forward the “Shanghai Spirit” and Promote CommonDevelopment

WorkTogetherforaBetterAsiaPacificNewApproachforAsianSecurityCooperation

CloseTieswiththePeopleStrictlyEnforceDiligenceandThrift,OpposeExtravaganceandWasteTheMassLine:FundamentaltotheCPCThe Guiding Thoughts and Goals for the Program of Mass LineEducationandPracticeEstablish and Promote the Conduct of “Three Stricts and ThreeEarnests”

CombatCorruptionPowerMustBe“Caged”bytheSystemHistoricalWisdomHelpsUsCombatCorruptionandUpholdIntegrityImprovePartyConduct,UpholdIntegrityandCombatCorruption

TheCPCLeadershipFollowaGoodBlueprintStudyforaBrighterFuture“GoverningaBigCountryIsasDelicateasFryingaSmallFish”TrainandSelectGoodOfficials

AppendixManofthePeople

Thisphotowastakenin1972whenhecamebacktoBeijingtoseehisparentsfromavillageinShaanxiProvincewherehewasworkingasan“educatedyouth.”

Thisphotowastakenin1977whenhewasastudentatTsinghuaUniversity(right).

Thisphotowastakenin1979whenhewasservingattheGeneralOfficeoftheCentralMilitaryCommission.

In1983,XiJinping,asPartysecretaryofZhengdingCounty,HebeiProvince,setatableinthestreettocollectopinionsoflocalresidents.

ThisphotowastakenduringanoverseasvisitwhenhewasdeputymayorofXiamenCity,FujianProvince.

Workingtogetherwithlocalsduringaninvestigationtourin1989whenhewassecretaryofNingdePrefecturalPartyCommittee,FujianProvince.

JoiningateamtoreinforcethedyketopreventfloodinginthelowerreachesoftheMinjiangRiverinMinhouCounty,December1995.HewasthensecretaryofFuzhouMunicipalPartyCommittee,FujianProvince,anddeputysecretaryofFujianProvincialPartyCommittee.

WhilevisitingthePingduTownshipNursingHome,QingyuanCounty,ZhejiangProvince,January2007,hecookedfortheelderly.HewasthensecretaryofZhejiangProvincialPartyCommittee.

Chattingwithhearing-impairedchildrenatQiyinSchoolinMinhangDistrict,Shanghai,September2007.HewasthensecretaryofShanghaiMunicipalPartyCommittee.

VisitingTangZhaoweiandhisfamily,whosufferedalossinacatastrophicsnowstormwhichhittheDongethnicpeoplevillagesinTongrenPrefecture,GuizhouProvince,January2008.

WithsomeoftheAmericanfriendshemade27yearsearlier,onarevisittotheStateofIowa,February2012.

KickingoffaballduringhisvisittotheGaelicAthleticAssociationinIreland,February2012.

Withhiswife,PengLiyuan,September1989.

CyclingwithhisdaughterMingzeinFuzhouCity,FujianProvince.

Withhiswife,daughterandfather,XiZhongxun.

Takingastrollwithhismother,QiXin.

SocialismwithChineseCharacteristics

ThePeople’sWishforaGoodLifeIsOurGoal*

November15,2012

*PartofthespeechatthepressconferencebymembersoftheStandingCommitteeofthePoliticalBureauofthe18thCPCCentralCommittee.

Friends from thenewsmediahave extensively covered the18thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC),conveyingtotheworldmanyvoices from China. On behalf of the Secretariat of the Congress, I wish toexpressoursincerethankstoyou.

We have just held the First Plenary Session of the 18th CPC CentralCommittee,andelectedanewcentralleadership.Iwaselectedgeneralsecretaryof the Central Committee. On behalf of the members of the newly-electedleadership, Iwish to express our thanks to all othermembers of theParty fortheirtrustinus.Wewilldoourutmosttobetrustworthyandfulfillourmission.

Wearedeeply encouragedbyboth the trust from thePartymembers andthegreatexpectationsfromthepeopleofallethnicgroupsinChina,andwearekeenlyawarethatthisisalsoourimportantresponsibility.

Wearetakingonthisimportantresponsibilityforthenation.Oursisagreatnation. Throughout 5,000 years of development, theChinese nation hasmadesignificantcontributionstotheprogressofhumancivilization.Sincetheadventofmodern times,ournationhasgone throughuntold tribulationsand faced itsgreatestperils.CountlesspeoplewithloftyidealsroseupfortherejuvenationoftheChinesenation,buteachtimetheyfailed.Afteritwasfoundedin1921theCPCralliedandledtheChinesepeopleinmakinggreatsacrifices,forgingaheadagainstallodds,andtransformingpoorandbackwardChinaintoanincreasinglyprosperousandstrongnation,thusopeningcompletelynewhorizonsfornationalrejuvenation.

OurresponsibilityistorallyandleadtheentirePartyandthepeopleofallChina’sethnicgroupsintakingonthistaskandcontinuingtopursuethegoalof

the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, so that China can stand firmer andstrongeramongtheworld’snations,andmakenewandgreatercontributionstomankind.

Weare takingon this important responsibility for thepeople.Ourpeopleareagreatpeople.DuringthelonghistorytheChinesepeoplehaveworkedwithdiligence,braveryandwisdom,creatingabeautifulhomelandwhereall ethnicgroupsliveinharmonyanddevelopingagreatanddynamicculture.Ourpeoplehave an ardent love for life. Theywant to have better education,more stablejobs, more income, reliable social security, better medical and health care,improvedhousingconditionsandabeautifulenvironment.Theyhopethattheirchildren will have sound growth, good jobs and more enjoyable lives. Thepeople’s wish for a happy life is ourmission. A happy life comes from hardwork.Our responsibility is tobring together and lead thewholeParty and thepeopleofallethnicgroupstofreetheirminds,carryoutreformandopeningup,furtherunfetteranddeveloptheproductiveforces,solvethepeople’sproblemsinworkandlife,andresolutelypursuecommonprosperity.

Weare takingon this important responsibility for theParty.Dedicated toservingthepeople,ourPartyhasledtheminmakingremarkableachievements,whichwehaveevery reason tobeproudof.Nevertheless,weshouldneverbecomplacent and rest on our laurels. In the new circumstances our Party facesmany severe challenges aswell asmany pressing issueswithin the Party thatneed to be addressed, particularly corruption, being divorced from the people,and being satisfiedmerelywith going through formalities and bureaucracy onthe part of some Party officials. We must make every effort to solve suchproblems.ThewholePartymuststayonfullalert.“It takesgoodirontomakegoodproducts.”OurresponsibilityistoworkwithallPartymemberstoupholdtheprinciplethatthePartyshouldsuperviseitsownconductandrunitselfwithstrictdiscipline,effectivelysolvemajorproblemswithin theParty, improve itsworkstyle,andmaintainclosetieswiththepeople.Bysodoing,ourPartywillsurelyremainatthecoreoftheleadershipinadvancingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.

The people are the creators of history. They are the real heroes and thesourceofourstrength.Wearefullyawarethatthecapabilityofanyindividualislimited,butas longasweuniteasonelikeafortress, there isnodifficultywecannotovercome.Onecanonlyworkforalimitedperiodoftime,butthereisno

limittoservingthepeoplewithdedication.Ourresponsibilityisweightierthanmountains,ourtaskarduous,andtheroadaheadlong.Wemustalwaysbearinmindwhat the people think and shareweal andwoewith them, andwemustworktogetherwiththemdiligentlyforthepublicgoodandfortheexpectationsofhistoryandofthepeople.

Chinaneedstolearnmoreabouttherestoftheworld,andtheoutsideworldneedstolearnmoreaboutChina.IhopeourfriendsfromthepresswillcontinueyoureffortsformutualunderstandingbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld.

Study,DisseminateandImplementtheGuidingPrinciplesofthe18thCPCNationalCongress*

November17,2012

* Speech at the first group study session[1] of the Political Bureau of the 18th CPC CentralCommitteewhichXipresidedover.

Thepoliticalreporttothe18thNationalCongressoftheCPChaschartedagrand blueprint for bringing about a moderately prosperous society in allrespects,[2]acceleratingsocialistmodernization,andachievingnewvictoriesforsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsinthenewhistoriccircumstances.It isapoliticalproclamationandactionplanwithwhichourPartywill rallyand leadtheChinesepeopleofallethnicgroups inmarchingalong thepathofChinesesocialism and complete the building of amoderately prosperous society in allrespects. Itguides theworkof thecurrentcentral leadership.TheCPCCentralCommittee has issued a notice on conscientiously studying, disseminating andimplementing the guiding principles of the 18thNationalCongress, and Partycommitteesatalllevelsshouldstrictlycomplywiththenotice.

It was emphasized at the 18th National Congress that we should upholdsocialism with Chinese characteristics, that the socialist system with Chinesecharacteristics is the fundamental accomplishment made by the Party and thepeople during the arduous struggle over the past 90 years, and that we mustcherish what has been accomplished and never deviate from it but rathercontinuetoenrichit.TheCongresshascalledonthewholePartytoexploreandmasterthelawsofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,ensurethatthePartyisalways full of vigor and that China never lacks the driving force fordevelopment,andthatwemuststriveforabrightfuturefordevelopingChina’ssocialism. In fact, adhering to and developing socialism with Chinesecharacteristics was the theme of the political report to the 18th NationalCongress.Wemust always stick to this theme, continue to develop socialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andworkhardtoreachthegoal.Thiswillenableustostudy,understandandimplementtheguidingprinciplesofthe18thNational

Congressmorethoroughly,completelyandconscientiously.

WhyhaveIemphasizedthis?BecauseonlysocialismcansaveChina,andonlyChinese socialism can lead our country to development – a fact that hasbeenfullyprovedthroughthelong-termpracticeofthePartyandthestate.OnlybyupholdingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicscanwebring togetherandlead thewhole Party, thewhole nation and the people of all ethnic groups inrealizingamoderatelyprosperoussocietybythecentenaryoftheCPCin2021and in turning China into a prosperous, democratic, culturally advanced andharmoniousmodernsocialistcountrybythecentenaryofthePeople’sRepublicofChinain2049,soastoensurethepeoplegreaterhappinessandthenationabrighterfuture.

To study, disseminate and implement the guiding principles of the 18thNationalCongresswithemphasisonadheringtoanddevelopingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,inmyopinion,itisimportanttopayparticularattentiontothefollowingareaswhenapplyingtheorytopractice:

First,wemust understand that socialismwithChinese characteristics is afundamentalaccomplishmentmadebythePartyandthepeopleduringlong-termpractice.China’s socialist systemwas pioneered in the new era of reform andopening up, and it is an outcome of the Party’s painstaking efforts. It wasaccomplishedbythewholePartyandwholepeople,underseveralgenerationsoftheParty’scentralcollective leadership, throughnumerous trialsand tenaciouseffortsatallcosts.Relyingcloselyonthepeople,ourPartyloweredthecurtain,once and for all, on a poor and weak country that had suffered from bothdomesticturmoilandforeignaggressionsincetheadventofmoderntimes,andmadeanepicmovetowardsthesteadygrowth,developmentandrenewaloftheChinesenation.IthasthusenabledChina,acountrywithacivilizationofover5,000years,tostandfirmamongthenationsoftheworld.

Wemust always remember the historic contributionmade by the Party’sthree generations of central collective leadership and the Party CentralCommitteewithComradeHuJintao[3]asgeneralsecretarytothedevelopmentofsocialism with Chinese characteristics. The first generation of the centralcollective leadership with Mao Zedong[4] at the core provided invaluableexperienceaswellasthetheoreticalandmaterialbasisforthegreatinitiativeofbuilding socialismwithChinesecharacteristics in thenewhistoricperiod.The

second generation with Deng Xiaoping[5] at the core started the building ofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.ThethirdgenerationwithJiangZemin[6]atthecoreadvancedsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsintothe21stcentury,followed by Hu Jintao as general secretary of the Central Committee whoadhered to and developed socialism with Chinese characteristics from a newhistoric starting point. It goes without saying that socialism with ChinesecharacteristicsencapsulatestheidealsandexplorationsofgenerationsofChineseCommunists, embodies the aspirations of countless patriots and revolutionarymartyrs, and crystallizes the struggles and sacrifices of the myriads of theChinesepeople.ItisanaturalchoiceforthedevelopmentofChinesesocietyinmodern times,and it is theonlyway tobringabout thecourtry’sdevelopmentandstability.

Facts prove that Chinese socialism is a banner of unity, endeavor andvictoryfortheCPCandtheChinesepeopleasawhole.WemustalwaysupholdsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandfirmlyadheretoanddevelopChinesesocialisminordertobringaboutamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects,acceleratesocialistmodernizationandachievethegreatrenewaloftheChinesenation.Thisistheveryreasonwhythe18thNationalCongresshascalledonthewholeParty tohave full confidence in thepath, theoryandsystemofChinesesocialism.

Second, we must thoroughly understand that socialism with Chinesecharacteristicsconsistsofapath,theoryandsystem.The18thNationalCongressexpoundedonthescientificmeaningofthepath,theoryandsystemofsocialismwith Chinese characteristics, and the relationships between the three. TheCongressstressedthatthepathofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsisawaytoreachthegoal,thetheoryoffersaguidetoaction,andthesystemprovidesafundamental guarantee. All three serve the great cause of building Chinesesocialism. This is the most salient feature of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics.

This conclusion reveals that socialism with Chinese characteristicsincorporatespractice,theoryandsystem.Itsynthesizessuccessfulexperienceinpractice into theories, uses these correct theories to guide new practices andincorporates effective principles and policies into Party and national systems.ThatiswhysocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsisspecial–initspath,theory

and system; in the intrinsic interaction between theway of realizing the goal,guidetoactionandfundamentalguarantee;andinthatall threeservethegreatpractice of building Chinese socialism. In present-day China, adhering to anddevelopingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsmeansupholdingsocialisminitstruesense.

ThepathofChinesesocialismistheonlywaytoachieveChina’ssocialistmodernizationandcreateabetterlife.Thispathtakeseconomicdevelopmentasthecentraltask,andbringsalongeconomic,political,cultural,social,ecologicalandother formsof progress. It adheres to both theFourCardinal Principles[7]andthereformandopening-uppolicy.Itentailsfurtherreleasinganddevelopingthe productive forces, and achieving prosperity for all and the well-roundeddevelopmentofeveryone.

The theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the latestachievementinadaptingMarxism[8]toChina’sconditions.ItincorporatesDengXiaopingTheory[9], the important thought of the ThreeRepresents[10] and theScientificOutlookonDevelopment[11].Ithasinherited,continuedandcreativelydevelopedMarxism-Leninism[12]andMaoZedongThought[13].We shouldnotabandonMarxism-LeninismandMaoZedongThought;otherwise,wewouldbedeprivedofourfoundation.Moreover,wemustfocusourworkonthepracticalproblems in reform, opening up and modernization, and on our variousendeavors,withaviewtotheapplicationofMarxisttheory,theoreticalthinkingon practical issues, and initiation of new practice for development. Incontemporary China upholding the theory of socialism with ChinesecharacteristicsmeansupholdingMarxisminitstruesense.

ThesocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristicsintegratesthefundamentalpoliticalsystem[14],thebasicpoliticalsystems[15],thebasiceconomicsystem[16]

andother systemsandmechanisms. It combinesnational and localdemocraticsystems, the Party’s leadership, the position of the people as masters of thecountry, and law-based governance. This system conforms to the nationalconditionsinChina,showcasesthespecialtraitsandstrengthsofsocialismwithChinese characteristics, and provides a fundamental systemic guarantee forChina’sdevelopment.

The socialist systemwithChinese characteristics is unique and effective.

However, we should be aware that it is not perfect or fully functioning. TheChinesesocialistsystemneedstoimprovetokeepinstepwiththedevelopmentofthesocialistcausewithChinesecharacteristics.Duringhisinspectiontourofsouthern China in 1992 Deng Xiaoping pointed out, “It will probably takeanotherthirtyyearsforustodevelopamorematureandwell-definedsysteminevery field.”[17] It was emphasized at the 18th National Congress that it isimperativetogivetopprioritytothebuildingofsystemswhilegivingfullplayto the superiority of the socialist political system inChina.Wemust improvecurrentsystemsandpromoteinstitutionalinnovationwiththeoreticalinnovationbased on practice.Wemust proceed from reality, formulate new systems in atimelyfashion,andputinplaceawell-developed,systematicallyandrationallyregulated, and effective framework of systems to ensure that all systems andinstitutions are working properly and functioning well, and thereby provide amoreeffectiveinstitutionalguaranteefornewvictories.

Third, we must have an in-depth understanding of the basic foundation,overall planning and main mandate of building socialism with Chinesecharacteristics. Itwasemphasizedat the18thNationalCongress that thebasicfoundationforbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsisthatChinaisinthe primary stage of socialism[18], that its overall plan is to seek economic,political,cultural,social,andecologicalprogress,andthatitsmainobjectiveistoachievesocialistmodernizationand rejuvenationof theChinesenation.Thefoundation, plan and objective are succinctly and pointedly defined. A betterunderstandingandgraspofthesenewdefinitionswillhelpusgettotheessenceandessentialsofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.

ItisimportanttostressthebasicfoundationofChinabeingintheprimarystageofsocialism.ThisistheparamountrealityandthemostimportantnationalconditionincontemporaryChina.Wemustalwaysbearitinmindandpromotereform and development in all respects on the basis of this very reality. It isimperative not only in accelerating the economy, but also in speeding uppolitical, cultural, social and ecological development; not only when oureconomywassmall,butalsowhenitislarge;andnotonlywhenplanninglong-term development, but also during daily work. The Party’s basic line for theprimarystageofsocialismisthelifelineofthePartyandthestate.Inpracticewemustfirmlyadhereto“onecentraltask,twobasicpoints,”[19]neitherdeviatingfromthe“onecentraltask”norneglectingthe“twobasicpoints.”Wemustadopt

aholisticapproach to the realizationof thecommon idealofbuildingChinesesocialism and the long-term goal of realizing communism, stand firm againstvarious erroneous views aimed at abandoning socialism, and rectify allerroneous and unrealistic mindsets, policies andmeasures that go beyond thecurrent primary stage of socialism. This will keep us from being either self-abased or over-confident, and enable us to achieve new victories for China’ssocialism.

Wegivetoppriority tooverallplanning,simplybecausewemustachieveall-round development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The mostimportant thing for ourParty is to govern the countrywell and rejuvenate thenation. The Party must always represent the requirements for developing theadvanced productive forces. We must focus on economic development andpromotecoordinatedpolitical,cultural,socialandecologicaldevelopmentonthebasisofeconomicgrowth.AsChinastepsforwardsociallyandeconomically,ithas become increasingly significant to pursue ecological progress. The 18thNationalCongress includedecologicalprogress in itsoverallplan forbuildingChinese socialism, thus highlighting the strategic importance of ecologicalprogressandmaking itpossible to incorporateecologicalefforts into those foreconomic, political, cultural and social progress in all respects and throughoutthewholeprocess.ThisisanimportantpracticalandtheoreticalachievementofourPartyinourunderstandingofthelawofbuildingsocialism.Wemustcarryout the overall plan, pursue coordinated development in all areas of ourmodernization drive, and promote harmony between the relationships ofproduction and the productive forces, and between the superstructure and theeconomicbase.

We pay close attention to the main objective because the CPC hasshoulderedthehistoricmissionofrejuvenatingtheChinesenationeversinceitsbirth.TheverypurposeofthePartyinleadingtheChinesepeopleinrevolution,development and reform is to make the people prosperous and the countrystrong,andrejuvenatetheChinesenation.Accordingtothethree-stepstrategicplan for modernization[20], it is the goal of our Party and state to build aprosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious modernsocialistcountryduringtheprimarystageofsocialism.ThehistoricmissionofourParty, the fundamentalpurposeof reformandopeningup,and thegoalofourcountryallconvergeinthemainobjectiveandarealsoderivedfromit.This

isanobjectiveforwhichweshouldneverrelaxourefforts,norshouldourfuturegenerations.

During different historical periods our Party has always been able to putforthinspirationalgoalsinlinewiththewillofthepeopleandtheneedsofourdevelopment,andleadthepeopleinachievingthosegoals.InresponsetobothdomesticandinternationalchangesandneweconomicandsocialdevelopmentsinChina,andlivinguptothenewexpectationsofthepeople,the18thNationalCongress revised the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in allrespects,withaclearerpolicyguidance,greaterinclinationtowardsdevelopmentproblems,andbetterresponsestothepeople’sexpectations.TheupdatedgoaliscoherentwiththosesetattheParty’s16thand17thnationalcongresses,andinlinewiththeoverallplanforthecauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.ThewholePartyand thecountrymust actwithonemind,work inadown-to-earth manner, be creative and pioneering, and forge ahead in realizing amoderately prosperous society in all respects, and continuing reform andopeningupinallareas–thetwogoalssetatthe18thNationalCongress.

Fourth,wemusthaveathoroughknowledgeofthebasicrequirementsforachieving new victories for Chinese socialism, which the 18th NationalCongress identified and which wemust fulfill with firm determination in thenewhistoriccircumstances.Theserequirementsarebasedonsixdecadesofourexperience in building socialism, especially socialism with Chinesecharacteristics,andontheParty’sbasictheories,lines,platformsandexperience.TheyaretheessentialsthatreflectthelawsofgovernancebytheCPC,lawsofbuilding socialism, and laws of the development of human society. They aretestimony to the new understanding by our Party of the laws of Chinesesocialism.

Thebasicrequirementssetforthatthe18thNationalCongressanswerthequestion of how to achieve new victories for Chinese socialism on the newhistoricjourney.SocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsisacauseforthepeopleintheirhundredsofmillions–thisiswhywemustgivefullplaytotheroleofthepeopleasthemastersofthecountry.FreeinganddevelopingtheproductiveforcesisafundamentaltaskofChinesesocialism–thisiswhywemustfocusoneconomic development and pursue a people-oriented, all-round, coordinated,proper and sustainable development. Reform and opening up is the onlywayleading toChinese socialism– this iswhywemust always apply the spirit of

reformand innovation to all aspects of governance, and continuouslypromotetheself-improvementanddevelopmentofChina’ssocialistsystem.Fairnessandjustice are inherent requirements ofChinese socialism – this iswhywemust,relyingontheconcertedeffortsofalltheChinesepeopleandbasedoneconomicandsocialdevelopment,doubleourefforts todevelopinstitutionsthatarevitaltoensuringsocialfairnessandjustice,andestablishinduecourseasystemforguaranteeingsocialequity.Commonprosperity is the fundamentalprincipleofChinese socialism – this is whywemust ensure that all the people share thefruits of development in a fair way, and move steadily towards commonprosperity.SocialharmonyisaninherentattributeofChinesesocialism–thisiswhywemust rally all the forces that can be rallied,maximize the factors forharmony, stimulate the creative vitality of society, and ensure that the peoplelead a happy, stable life and the country enjoys enduring peace. PeacefuldevelopmentisaninevitableprerequisiteofChinesesocialism–thisiswhywemust pursue development through opening up and cooperation to benefit all,expandareasofcommoninterestswithallothersandbuildaharmoniousworldof enduring peace and common prosperity together with other countries. TheCPCisthecoreleadershipforthecauseofChinesesocialism–thisiswhywemustenhanceandimprovetheParty’sleadershipandgivefullplaytoitsleadingandcoreroleinexercisingoverallleadershipandcoordinatingtheeffortsofall.

Thebasic requirements set forth at the18thNationalCongress positivelyresponded to the need of addressing pressing issues in China’s economic andsocial development, the challenges in the difficult in-depth reforms and inspeedingupthetransformationofthegrowthmodel,andthesensitiveissuesthatofficialsandthegeneralpublicareespeciallyconcernedabout.Theyhavealsogiven us good guidance on how to pursue reform, development and stability,handlenationaldefenseanddomesticandforeignaffairs,andruntheParty,thecountry and the military in this decisive stage at which China is striving torealizeamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects.Thesebasicrequirementscover many areas – the productive forces and relations of production, theeconomicbaseandthesuperstructure,thegreatcauseofChinesesocialismandthe new undertaking of Party building, and a holistic approach to both thedomesticandinternationalsituations.The18thNationalCongressstuckclosetoand fully reflected thesebasic requirements inmakingplansandarrangementsforactionsinvariousareas.Ifwetrulymeetallthebasicrequirementswewillbeable topoolour strengthmoreeffectively,overcomealldifficulties,pursue

balanced, proper and coordinated development, promote social harmony andimprove our people’s lives. Then we can complete the glorious and arduoustasksbestowedbythetimes.

Fifth, wemust fully understand why we need to ensure that the CPC isalways thefirmcore leadershipguiding thecauseofChinesesocialism. Itwasemphasized at the 18th National Congress that the CPC shoulders the greatresponsibility for bringing together and leading the people in building amoderately prosperous society in all respects, in advancing socialistmodernization and in achieving the great renewal of the Chinese nation. TheParty’sstrengthanditsclosetieswiththepeoplehaveensuredChinaprosperityand stability, and the Chinese people peace and happiness. The newdevelopments,theneedforprogressinourcauseandthepeople’sexpectationshaveallmadeitimperativeforustocarryoutthegreatnewundertakingofPartybuilding in the spirit of reform and innovation, and upgrade our efforts in allrespectstoanewlevel.TorunthecountrywellwemustfirstrunthePartywell,and to run the Party well we must run it strictly. For this purpose, the 18thNational Congress set forth the overall requirements for systematic Partybuilding in thenewcircumstances,andspelledout thespecific tasks involved.Thewhole Partymust learn and understand them, and implement them to theletter.

Theoverall requirements forPartybuilding set forth at the18thNationalCongressarederivedfromtheneedtoinheritanddevelopthefundamentalsthathave shoredup theadvancednatureofourParty, aMarxistparty, forover90years. They respond to changes in the world, in our country and within ourParty.Over theyearswehavebeenpressingaheadwith thenewtaskofPartybuilding in all respects. The Party has enhanced its governing capabilities,preservedand improved itspioneeringnatureandpurity,andstrengthenedandimproved its leadership. However, in view of the need tomanage changes indomestic and international conditions, and to accomplish its historic mission,there is still considerable room for our Party to improve its art of leadership,governingcapacityandorganization,andthequality,competence,andpracticesof its members and officials. Party building in the new circumstances, inparticular, faces “four tests”[21] and “four risks,”[22] which makes it moredifficultandpressing toensure that thePartyproperlymanages itsownaffairsand strictly disciplines itself. All Partymembersmust heighten their sense of

urgencyandresponsibility,focusontheoverallrequirementsofPartybuilding,steadily improve theParty’sartof leadershipandgovernance, andenhance itsability to resistcorruption,preventdegenerationandwardoffcorruption risks,so thatourPartymayalways remainaheadof the times in itshistoric journeyaccompaniedbyprofoundchangesworldwide,alwaysactasthebackboneoftheChinese people in its historic response to domestic and international risks andtestsofallkinds,andalwaysbethestrongcoreleadershipinthehistoricjourneytoadheretoanddevelopChinesesocialism.

It has always been the foundation for the lifeline and pursuit of allCommunists to have full confidence in ideals and firm faith in communism.Belief inMarxismandfaithinsocialismandcommunismarethepoliticalsoulofCommunists,enablingthemtowithstandalltests.Putfiguratively,theidealsandconvictionsofCommunistsare themarrowof theirfaith.Without,orwithweak,idealsorconvictions,theywouldbedeprivedoftheirmarrowandsufferfrom“lackofbackbone.”ThishasbeenprovedtruebythecasesofsomePartymembersandofficialswhoactedimproperlyduetolackofidealsandconfusedfaith.AllPartymembers, inaccordancewith theplanssetat the18thNationalCongress,must earnestly study and implement the systemof socialist theorieswithChinesecharacteristics,especiallytheScientificOutlookonDevelopment,reflect Party awareness in their actions, observe moral standards, set goodexamplesandworkhardforthecommongoalofrealizingChinesesocialism.

Maintaining close ties between the Party and the people and betweenofficialsand individualshasalwaysbeen thebasisofour success.Factsprovethatthefutureanddestinyofapoliticalpartyandgovernmentdependonpopularsupport. Ifwe stray from the people and lose their supportwewill end up infailure. We must bear in mind the new characteristics and requirements forpublic work in the new circumstances. We must organize our people,communicatewiththem,educatethem,servethem,learnfromthem,andsubjectourselves to theiroversight.Weshouldalwaysbepartof thepeople,work fortheirinterests,andmaintainclosetiesandsharegoodandbadtimeswiththem.We should drawwisdom and strength from their great practice; deliver moreconcreteservices to thepeople thatmeet theirneeds, relieve theirburdensandbenefit their lives; and put a stop to all acts that prejudice their interests.The18thNationalCongressproposedtheideaofcarryingoutanextensiveprogramthroughout theParty toheightenawarenessofand implement theParty’smass

line[23],withthefocusonservingthepeopleandstayingpragmaticandhonest.TheCPCCentralCommitteewillmakespecificarrangementsforthisprogram,and Party committees at all levels should implement them, solve pressingproblemsofmajorconcerntothepeopleandmaketheprogramasuccess.

It has always been the CPC’s consistent and clear political position tocombat corruption, promote political integrity and keep the Party healthy.BuildingafinePartycultureandacorruption-freePartyisamajorpoliticalissueofgreatconcerntothepeople.“Wormscanonlygrowinsomethingrotten.”[24]Inrecentyears,long-pent-upproblemsinsomecountrieshaveledtoresentmentamong the people, unrest in society and the downfall of governments, withcorruption being a major culprit. Facts prove that if corruption is allowed tospread, it will eventually lead to the destruction of a party and the fall of agovernment. We must keep up our vigilance. Serious violations of PartydisciplineandstatelawsthathaveoccurredinsideourPartyduringthepastfewyears are of a vile nature and have produced shockingly harmful politicalconsequences. Party committees at all levels must firmly oppose and combatcorruption,andpreventandcrackdownonitmoreeffectivelytoensurethatallofficials are honest and upright, governments clean and incorruptible, andCommunistsofpoliticalintegrity.Officialsatalllevels,especiallyhigh-rankingofficials, must conscientiously observe the code of conduct. They shouldexercisestrictself-discipline,strengtheneducationandrestraintheirownfamilyandstaff.Itisabsolutelyimpermissibletoabuseone’spowerforpersonalgainor to seekprivileges.All violationsofPartydiscipline and state lawsmust bepunishedwithoutexception,andweshallnotbesoftindealingwiththem.

The18thNationalCongresspointedoutthatdevelopingChinesesocialismisalong-termarduoustaskofhistoricimportance,andthatwemustbepreparedfor a great strugglewithmany newhistoric features.All PartymembersmustmakestrenuouseffortswithfirmconvictionandunswervinglydevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsinapioneeringspirit.Wemustkeepimprovingthepracticeand theoryofChinesesocialism in linewith thenational features inatimelyfashion.WemustbringtogetherandleadtheChinesepeopleofallethnicgroupsinaccomplishinggoalsandtasksforamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinall respects. We must continue to work for the three historic missions ofmodernization, reunification of the motherland, and world peace and thecommondevelopmentofallnations.Thesearemissionsofhistoric importance

that have been bestowed on our generation of Communists, and to whichwemustdedicateallourwisdomandstrength.

Notes

[1]ThePoliticalBureauof theCPCCentralCommitteeholdsregularstudysessions.Thesessionsare presided over and addressed by the general secretary of theCentralCommittee, and attended by allmembers of the Political Bureau. Leaders of relevant departments, experts and scholars are invited tolectureoneconomics,politicalscience,history,culture,socialaffairs,scienceandtechnology,militaryandinternationalaffairs.

[2]The18thNationalCongressoftheCPCputforwardtheaccomplishmentofthegoalofbringingaboutamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsby2020.Themainelementsofthegoalarehealthyand sustainable economic development with both the GDP and per capita income for urban and ruralresidents doubling those of 2010; expanded people’s democracy; significantly improved cultural softpower; substantially improved people’s living standards; and major progress in building a resource-conservingandenvironmentallyfriendlysociety.

[3]HuJintao,bornin1942,wasgeneralsecretaryoftheCPCCentralCommittee,presidentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,chairmanoftheCentralMilitaryCommissionoftheCPC,andchairmanoftheCentral Military Commission of the People’s Republic of China. He is the principal founder of theScientificOutlookonDevelopment.

[4]MaoZedong (1893-1976)was aMarxist,Chinese proletarian revolutionary,military strategistandtheorist.HewasoneofthemainfoundersoftheCPC,theChinesePeople’sLiberationArmyandthePeople’s Republic of China, and the leader of the Chinese people. He was also the progenitor ofMaoZedongThought.

[5] Deng Xiaoping (1904-1997) was a Marxist, Chinese proletarian revolutionary, statesman,military strategist and great diplomat. He was an outstanding leader of the CPC, the Chinese People’sLiberationArmyandthePeople’sRepublicofChina.HewasthechiefarchitectofChina’ssocialistreformandopeningupandmodernizationdrive,andthemainfounderofDengXiaopingTheory.

[6]JiangZemin,bornin1926,wasgeneralsecretaryoftheCPCCentralCommittee,presidentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,chairmanoftheCentralMilitaryCommissionoftheCPC,andchairmanoftheCentralMilitaryCommissionofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.Heis themainfounderoftheimportantthoughtoftheThreeRepresents.

[7]TheFourCardinalPrinciplesrefertotheprinciplesofadheringtothesocialistpath,thepeople’sdemocraticdictatorship,theleadershipoftheCPC,andMarxism-LeninismandMaoZedongThought.TheFourCardinalPrinciplesarethefoundationofthestate,andthepoliticalcornerstoneforthesurvivalanddevelopmentofthePartyandthestate.

[8] Marxism is a system of theories initiated by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, including thescientific worldview, the interpretation of social and historical development, the theory of proletarianrevolution, and the theory of building socialism and communism. It is the theoretical basis and guidingthoughtoftheworkingclassanditspoliticalparty.Initiatedinthe1840s,itwastheoutcomeofintensifiedcapitalist conflicts and growing workers’ movements. It has three major components, namely, Marxistphilosophy,politicaleconomicsandscientificsocialism.Inthelate19thcenturyandtheearly20thcentury,

whencapitalismenteredthestageofmonopolywhichwouldbeimperialism,VladimirLenindrewontheexperience of the proletarian revolution and socialist construction in Russia, and creatively upgradedMarxismtoanewstage–Leninism.Sinceitsfoundingin1921theCPChassolemnlymarkeditsbannerwithMarxism-Leninism,innovativelyappliedthebasicprinciplesofMarxism-LeninismtothepracticeofChinese revolution, socialist construction and reform, enriched and developed Marxism-Leninism, andgeneratedthetheoreticalfruitsofsinicizedMarxism–MaoZedongThoughtandthesystemoftheoriesofChinesesocialismthatbothcarryonMarxism-Leninismandadvancewiththetimes.

[9]DengXiaopingTheoryisanimportantcomponentofthesystemoftheoriesofChinesesocialism,andtheguidingthoughtoftheCPC.Forthefirst time,DengXiaopingTheorysystematicallyansweredaseries of basic questions concerning the building of socialism in economically and culturally backwardChina, and the consolidation and development of socialism there. The principal proponent was DengXiaoping.

[10]TheimportantthoughtoftheThreeRepresentsisamajorcomponentofthesystemoftheoriesof Chinese socialism, and the guiding thought of the CPC. This theory emphasizes that the CPCmustalways represent the requirements for developingChina’s advanced productive forces, the orientation ofChina’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinesepeople.TheprincipalproponentisJiangZemin.

[11]TheScientificOutlookonDevelopmentisanimportantcomponentofthesystemoftheoriesofChinesesocialism,and theguiding thoughtof theCPC.Itgives toppriority todevelopment,putspeoplefirst and seeks all-around, balanced and sustainable developmentwith a holistic approach.The principalproponentisHuJintao.

[12]Seenote8,p.19.

[13]Mao Zedong Thought has always been the fundamental guiding thought of the CPC. It is aseriesoftheoreticalsummarizationsandconclusionsthatChineseCommunistsrepresentedbyMaoZedongdrew from their unique experience inChina’s revolution and development in accordancewith the basictenets ofMarxism. It includes correct theories, principles and systems of scientific thinking on China’srevolution and developmentwhich have been attested by facts. It is the crystallization of the collectivewisdomoftheCPC,andtheprincipalproponentisMaoZedong.

[14] The fundamental political system refers to the system of people’s congresses, which is theorganizationalformofthepoliticalpowerofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.Accordingtothesystem,thepeopleelectdeputies to theNationalPeople’sCongress(NPC)andlocalpeople’scongresses thatare theorgansinwhichthepeopleexercisestatepower.TheNPCisthehighestorganofstatepower,andhastheright to amend the Constitution, enact laws and decide on major issues concerning the country. Localpeople’s congresses at all levels are local organs of state power, which decide onmajor issues in theirlocalitieswithinthepowerbestowedonthembytheConstitutionandlaws.

[15]ThebasicpoliticalsystemsincludethesystemofCPC-ledmultipartycooperationandpoliticalconsultation,thesystemofregionalethnicautonomyandthesystemofcommunity-levelself-governance.The system of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation refers to the system ofconsultation on political matters among the CPC, other political parties and personages with no partyaffiliation.The systemof regional ethnic autonomy refers to the exercise of regional autonomy in areasinhabited by minority ethnic groups in compact communities under unified state leadership, whereautonomyisexercisedbyorgansofself-government.Thesystemofcommunity-levelself-governanceisaformofpeople’sparticipationinthemanagementofstateandsocialaffairs.Neighborhoodcommitteesandvillagecommitteessetupinurbanandruralareas,respectively,aretheself-governanceorganizationsofthe

peopleintheirownresidentialareas.

[16] The basic economic system refers to the economic system in which public ownership isdominantanddiverseformsofownershipdevelopsidebyside.

[17]DengXiaoping: “Excerpts fromTalksGiven inWuchang, Shenzhen,Zhuhai andShanghai,”SelectedWorksofDengXiaoping,VolumeIII,Eng.ed.,ForeignLanguagesPress,Beijing,1994,p.360.

[18] The primary stage of socialism is a particular historical stage in the building of Chinesesocialism.ItreferstothehistoricalstageinwhichChinahasgraduallycomeoutofunder-developmentandwillhavebyandlargerealizedsocialistmodernization.Itwilltakeatleast100yearstotakeshapefromthecompletionofthesocialisttransformationoftheprivateownershipofthemeansofproductioninthe1950stothecompletionofsocialistmodernization.

[19] “One central task, two basic points” is themain content of theCPC’s basic guideline in theprimarystageofsocialism.The“onecentral task”refers toeconomicdevelopment,while the“twobasicpoints”aretheFourCardinalPrinciplesandthereformandopening-uppolicy.

[20] The three-step strategic plan for modernization refers to China’s development strategy forrealizinginitialmodernizationinthreesteps.The13thCPCNationalCongressin1987proposeddoublingthe1980GNPbytheendofthe1980sandensuringthatthepeoplewouldhaveadequatefoodandclothingas the first step; doubling the 1990 GNP by the end of the 20th century and ensuring the people amoderatelyprosperouslifeasthesecondstep;andincreasingthepercapitaGNPleveltothatofmoderatelydevelopedcountries,ensuringthepeoplearelativelyaffluentlife,andrealizingmodernizationbyandlargebythemiddleofthe21stcenturyasthethirdstep.

[21]The“fourtests”refertothetestsofexercisinggovernance,carryingoutreformandopeningup,developingthemarketeconomyandrespondingtoexternaldevelopment.

[22]The“fourrisks”refertotherisksofinertia,incompetence,beingdivorcedfromthepeople,andcorruptionandothernegativephenomena.

[23]TheprogramtoheightenawarenessofandimplementtheParty’smasslinehasbeencarriedoutthroughouttheCPCsinceits18thNationalCongressinordertomaintaintheCPC’sadvancednatureandpurity.Theprogramfocusesonservingthepeopleandbuildingacleangovernment.Prioritiesaregiventoleading organs, leading groups and leading officials at and above the county level. It aims to enhanceeducationofallPartymembers in theMarxistmassviewpointand theParty’smass line,andsolvesuchproblemsasformalism,bureaucratism,hedonismandextravagancethatareofgraveconcerntothepeople.Thecampaignwaslaunchedinlate2013andhasbeenunfoldedintwosessionsfromthetopdown.

[24] SuShi:OnXiangYu andFanZeng. Su Shi (1036-1101), also known as SuDongpo,was afamedpoet,calligrapherandpainterintheSongDynasty(960-1279).

UpholdandDevelopSocialismwithChineseCharacteristics*

January5,2013

*Main points of the speech at the seminar of themembers and alternatemembers of the newly-electedCentralCommitteeoftheCPCforimplementingtheguidingprinciplesoftheParty’s18thNationalCongress.

Whichpathshouldwefollow?ThisistheparamountquestionforthefutureofthePartyandthesuccessofitscause.SocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsistheintegrationofthetheoryofscientificsocialism[1]andsocialdevelopmenttheories of Chinese history. Socialism has taken root in China. It reflects thewishesof thepeople andmeets thedevelopmentneedsof the country and thetimes.Itisasureroutetosuccessinbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinall respects, in the acceleration of socialist modernization, and in the greatrenewaloftheChinesenation.

AllPartymembersmustfollowtheguidanceofDengXiaopingTheory,theimportant thought of the Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook onDevelopment, be firm in their commitment to socialism with ChinesecharacteristicsandtotheMarxistviewondevelopment,treatpracticeasthesolecriterionfortestingtruth,andapplytheirhistoricinitiativeandcreativity.

Wemustbeclearlyawarewhat ischangingandwhatremainsconstant intheinternational,nationalandPartysituations.Nevershouldwehesitatetoblazenew trails, bridge rivers, forge ahead with determination, and audaciouslyexplore new territory.We should have the courage and capability to addresspressingissuesinourworkandremovedoubtsinpeople’sminds,andcomeupwithsolutions.Weshoulddrivereformandopeninguptoadeeperlevel,makenew discoveries, create new ideas, achieve new progress, and promoteinnovationinourtheories,practicesandsystems.

Theguidingprinciples of theParty’s 18thNationalCongress, in essence,boildown toupholdinganddevelopingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Theyear2013isthe31styearsinceDengXiaopingputforwardtheconceptof

building socialismwithChinese characteristics.He provided for the first timeclear systematic answers to several basic questions about how to build,consolidate and develop socialism in China, an economically and culturallyunderdeveloped country. His answers brought a new perspective toMarxism,opened up new realms, and raised the understanding of socialism to a newscientificlevel.

SocialismwithChinese characteristics is socialism and nothing else. Thebasicprinciplesofscientificsocialismmustnotbeabandoned;otherwiseitisnotsocialism. What doctrine a country may choose is based on whether it canresolve the historical problems that confront that country. Both history andreality have shown us that only socialism can save China and only socialismwithChinesecharacteristicscanbringdevelopmenttoChina.Thisconclusionistheresultofhistoricalexploration,andthechoiceofthepeople.

As socialism progresses, our institutions will undoubtedly mature, thestrengthsofoursystemwillbecomeself-evident,andourdevelopmentpathwillassuredlybecomewider.Wemusthaveconfidenceinourpath,ourtheoryandoursystem.Wemustbeastenaciousasbamboo,asdescribedbyZhengXie:“Inthe face of all blows, not bending low, it still stands fast.Whether from east,west,southornorththewinddothblast.”[2]

TheprocessbywhichthepeoplebuildsocialismundertheleadershipofthePartycanbedividedintotwohistoricalphases–onethatprecededthelaunchofreformandopeningupin1978,andasecondthatfollowedonfromthatevent.The two phases – at once related to and distinct from each other – are bothpragmaticexplorationsinbuildingsocialismconductedbythepeopleundertheleadership of the Party. Chinese socialism was initiated after the launch ofreformandopeningupandbasedonmorethan20yearsofdevelopmentsincethesocialistsystemwasestablishedinthe1950safterthePeople’sRepublicofChina(PRC)wasfounded.Althoughthetwohistoricalphasesareverydifferentintheirguidingthoughts,principles,policies,andpracticalwork,theyarebynomeans separated fromoropposed to eachother.We shouldneithernegate thepre-reform-and-opening-up phase in comparison with the post-reform-and-opening-up phase, nor the converse. We should adhere to the principles ofseeking truth from facts and distinguishing the trunk from the branches. Weshoulduphold truth, rectifyourerrors,drawonpracticalexperience,and learn

lessons.ThisisthefoundationwhichfacilitatesfurtheradvanceofthecauseofthePartyandthepeople.

Marxismwillnotremainstagnant.Itwillcertainlykeepupwiththetimes,the progress of our practice and the advance of science. Socialism too alwaysadvancesthroughpractice.DevelopingChinesesocialismisagreatcause.DengXiaopingclearlydefinedsomebasicthoughtsandprinciplesonthesubject.TheCentralCommitteeheadedby JiangZemin, and later byHu Jintao also addedsome outstanding chapters to it. Now, the job of the Communists of ourgenerationistocontinuewiththismission.

We must adhere to Marxism and socialism from a developmentalperspective. With each step forward we will encounter new situations andunfamiliarproblems,wewill facegreater risksandchallenges,andwewillbeconfrontedby theunexpected.Wemust beprepared for adversity anddanger,evenintimesofprosperityandpeace.

Weshouldnotpretendtoknowwhatwedonotknow.Weshouldtrytoputwhatwealreadyknowtouse,andlosenotimeinlearningwhatwedonotknow.Wemustnotbemuddle-headed.

Partymembers,particularlyPartyofficials,shouldmaintainafirmbeliefinloftycommunistideals,alongwiththecommonidealofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andpursuethemwithdedication.

WemustberigorousinimplementingtheParty’sbasiclinesandprogramsintheprimarystageofsocialism,anddoallourworkwell.

Our revolutionary ideals are of the greatest importance.A Partymemberdevoidofidealslacksanessentialquality–asdoesonewhoengagesinemptytalkaboutloftyidealswithoutdoinganything.

There are objective criteria to measure whether Party members or Partyofficialshavethesehighcommunistideals.Cantheysticktothebasicprincipleofservingthepeopleheartandsoul?Cantheybethefirsttobearhardshipandthelasttoenjoycomfort?Cantheyworkhardandremainhonestanddedicated?Andcantheymakeeverypossibleeffortandevenlaytheirlivesonthelineforthesakeoftheirideals?

Flawedthinking,hedonisticdesires,corruptbehaviorandpassiveattitudes–allareatoddswiththecommunistideals.

Notes

[1]Scientificsocialism,alsoknownasscientificcommunism,referstotheentirethoughtsystemofMarxisminabroadsenseand tooneof the threemajorcomponentsofMarxisminanarrowsense.Thelatter meaning is commonly used. Founded by KarlMarx and Friedrich Engels in the 1840s, scientificsocialismisasciencethatexaminesthenature,conditionsandgeneralpurposeoftheproletariatliberationmovement.Itmainlyproposeseliminatingprivateownershipandembracingpublicownership,vigorouslyenhancingproductivity,generatingabundant socialmaterialwealth, implementingplannedeconomy,andgettingridofcommercialproductionandexchangesinvolvingmoney.Itendorsestheprincipleof“toeachaccordingtohiscontribution,”andpredictsthatclassesandclassdistinctionswilldisappear,thenationstatewillgraduallyvanish,andacommunityoffreeindividualswillcomeintobeing.

[2]ZhengXie:BamboosamidRocks.ZhengXie(1693-1765),alsoknownasZhengBanqiao,wasacalligrapherandwriterintheQingDynasty(1644-1911).

CarryontheEnduringSpiritofMaoZedongThought*

December26,2013

*Partofthespeechatthesymposiumtocommemoratethe120thanniversaryofMaoZedong’sbirth.

TheenduringspiritofMaoZedongThoughtreferstothestand,viewpointand method crystalized in the Thought, which features three basic tenets –seekingtruthfromfacts,themasslineandindependence.Inthenewconditions,we should uphold and apply the enduring spirit of Mao Zedong Thought inbuilding our Party and advancing the great cause of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics.

As a fundamental tenet of Marxism, seeking truth from facts is a basicrequirementforChineseCommuniststounderstandandtransformtheworld.Itis also our Party’s basic thinking, working and leading approach. We haveupheldandshouldcontinuetoupholdtheprincipleofproceedingfromrealityineverythingwedo, integrating theorywithpractice, and testing anddevelopingtruthinpractice.

Mao Zedong once said, “‘Facts’ are all the things that exist objectively,‘truth’means their internal relations, that is, the lawsgoverning them, and ‘toseek’meanstostudy.”[1]Healsousedthemetaphor“shootingthearrowatthetarget,” that is, we should shoot the “arrow” of Marxism at the “target” ofChina’srevolution,modernizationdriveandreform.

Toseektruthfromfacts,wemustacquireadeepunderstandingofamatteras it is, see through the surface into the heart of thematter, and discover theintricatelinkbetweenmattersamidstfragmentedphenomena.

We should follow objective laws on the basis that we recognize theexistence of a matter and its development laws. Upholding the principle ofseeking truth from facts is not done once and for all. You may succeed byfollowingtheprincipleatacertainplaceandatacertaintime,butthatdoesnotmeanthatyoumaysucceedagainbyfollowingtheprincipleatanotherplaceand

atanothertime.Theconclusionorexperiencedrawnatacertainplaceandatacertaintimedoesnotnecessarilyapplyatanotherplaceandatanothertime.Weshouldconscientiouslystrengthenourconvictioninseekingtruthfromfactsandenhanceourabilitytoapplyit.Weshouldalwaysbearitinmindandimplementitinourwork.

Aswe stand now, seeking truth from factsmeans thatwe should clearlyunderstandourbasicnationalcondition,thatis,ourcountryisstillintheprimarystageofsocialism,andwillremainsoforalongtimetocome.Whenadvancingreformanddevelopment,andformulatingguidelinesandpolicies,weshoulddoeverything in line with this basic national condition. Any tendency to pursuequicksuccessregardlessofobjectiveconditionsandtimingshouldbeavoided,and any outdated or complacent ideas and actions which do not conform toreality, or which neglect fundamental changes of reality, should be correctedwithoutexception.

While seeking truth from facts, we should always uphold the truth andcorrect mistakes for the sake of the people’s interest. We should be frank,selflessandfearless,courageouslyspeakout truthbasedonfacts,discoverandcorrectideologicaldeviationsandmistakesindecision-makingandworkassoonas theyarise,anddiscoverandsolveallkindsofconflictsandproblemswhentheycomeupsoastomakeourthoughtsandactsconformtoobjectivelaws,therequirementofthetimesandthewishesofthepeople.

Inseekingtruthfromfacts,weshouldpromotetheoreticalinnovationbasedon practice. The basic tenets of Marxism are universal truth with eternalideological value. Nevertheless, the classical Marxist authors did not exhausttruthbutblazedatrailtoseekanddeveloptruth.Today,newproblemswillarisewhile we adhere to and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, drivereformtoadeeperlevel,anddealeffectivelywithforeseeableandunpredictabledifficultiesandrisksonourwayahead.Allthesethingsarecryingoutfornewand appropriate theoretical solutions. We should review the fresh experiencegainedbythepeopleundertheleadershipoftheParty,constantlyadaptMarxismtoChineseconditionsandmakecontemporaryMarxismshinebrighterinChina.

ThemasslineistheParty’slifelineandfundamentalworkprinciple.Itisacherished tradition that enables our Party to maintain its vitality and combatcapability.Wehavealwaysbeenandwillalwaysbeobligatedtodoeverything

in the interests of the people and rely on their strength, and carry out theprincipleof“fromthepeople,tothepeople,”translatingtheParty’spoliciesintothe people’s conscientious action and implementing the mass line in allgovernmentactivities.

Themass line inessenceencapsulates thebasic tenetofMarxismthat thepeopleare thecreatorsofhistory.Wemustadhere to thisprinciple inorder tograsp thebasic lawsgoverning theadvanceofhistory.Wemustobserve theselaws so thatwe canbe invincible.History has time and again proved that thepeoplearethemajorforcebehindhistoricaldevelopmentandsocialprogress.AsMaoZedongsaid,“OnceChina’sdestiny is in thehandsof thepeople,China,like the sun rising in the east,will illuminate every corner of the landwith abrilliantflame.”[2]

Adheringtothemasslineisrecognizingthatthepeoplearethefundamentalforceindecidingourfutureanddestiny.ThestrongfoundationkeepingthePartyinvincibleliesinouradheringtothepeople’sprincipalpositioninthecountry,and bringing their initiative into full play. Before the people, we are alwaysstudents.Thereforewemustseekadvicefromthem.Wemustfullyrespecttheirwishes,experience,rightsandrole.Weshouldcherishthepowerconferredonusby the people and exercise it discreetly, and welcome their supervision. Weshould relycloselyon them tocreatehistoricachievements, soas tomake thefoundationofourPartyrock-solid.

Adheringtothemasslinemeansfollowingthefundamentaltenetofservingthepeoplewholeheartedly.

“Decreesmaybefollowediftheyareinaccordancewiththeaspirationsofthe people; they may be ineffective if they are against the aspirations of thepeople.”[3] Serving the peoplewholeheartedly is the fundamental purpose andoutcomeofalltheworkoftheParty,andasymbolthatdistinguishesourPartyfromallotherparties.ThesupremecriterionforallPartyactionsisthatitservestheinterestsofthegreatmajorityofthepeople.Theeffectivenessofallourworkshouldultimatelybemeasuredby the realbenefits thepeoplehave reaped,bythe improvement in their lives and by howwell their rights and interests areprotected.Theirexpectationforabetterlifedoesnotallowustobecomplacentorslack,butrequiresustoworkhardertoenableeveryonetosharemorefruitsofdevelopmentinafairerwayandmovesteadilytowardscommonprosperity.

AdheringtothemasslinemeansmaintainingclosetiesbetweenthePartyandthepeople.ThesupremepoliticaladvantageofourPartyisitsclosetieswiththepeople,andthebiggestdangerforarulingpartyisforittobecomedivorcedfrom the people.Mao Zedong said, “We Communists are like seeds, and thepeople are like the soil.Whereverwego,wemustunitewith thepeople, takerootandblossomamong them.”[4]AllPartymembers shouldbear inmind theconceptofpeoplefirstandthemassline,andputthemintopractice.WeshoulddoourutmosttosolveproblemswithinthePartyandespeciallythosethepeopleare particularly dissatisfiedwith, so that our Party can always have their trustandsupport.

Adheringtothemasslinemeansaskingthepeopletojudgeourwork.“Itisthepeoplewhoknowwhetheradecreeisgoodornot.”[5]Thefutureanddestinyofanypoliticalpartyisdeterminedbythepopularsupportforit.Popularsupportis what we draw our strength from. The number of Party members is smallcomparedtothatofthepeople.ThegrandgoalofourPartycanneverberealizedwithout popular support. It is not up to us to judge our Party’s governancecapacityorperformance; theymustandcanonlybe judgedby thepeople, thesupreme and ultimate judge of the Party’s work. If we are pretentious anddivorceourselvesfromthepeopleorputourselvesabovethem,wewillsurelybeabandoned by them. This is the case for any party, and is an iron lawwhichadmitsofnoexception.

IndependenceisaninevitableconclusiondrawnbyourPartyfromChina’sreality,aftergoingthroughthestagesofrevolution,developmentandreformbyrelyingon the strengthof thePartyand thepeople.Weshouldalways relyonourselves when seeking our national development and defending our nationalprideandconfidence,andresolutelyfollowourownroadnowandinthefutureaswedidinthepast.

Independence is a fine tradition of the Chinese nation and an essentialprincipleforbuildingthePartyandthePRC.Therealityandthemissiontocarryout revolution and development in China, an Eastern country with a largepopulation and backward economy, have determined that we have no otherchoicebuttofollowourownpath.

Boasting a vast land of 9.6million sq km, a rich cultural heritage and a

strong bond among the 1.3 billionChinese people,we are resolved to go ourownway.We have a big stage to display our advantages on, a long and richhistory to draw benefit from, and a powerful impetus to push us ahead. WeChinesepeople–everysingleoneofus–shoulddrawconfidencefromthis.

Adhering to independencemeans that Chinese affairsmust be dealtwithand decided by the Chinese people themselves. There is no such thing in theworldasadevelopmentmodelthatcanbeapplieduniversally,noristhereanydevelopment path that remains carved in stone. The diversity of historicalconditionsdeterminesthediversityofthedevelopmentpathschosenbyvariouscountries.Inthewholehistoryofmankind,nonationorstatehaseverbeenableto rise to power and rejuvenate itself by relying solely on external forces orblindlyfollowingothers;doingsoinevitablyleadstofailureorsubservience.

Our Party has always independently explored its own development pathwhile leading revolution, development and reform. This spirit of independentexploration and practice, and the confidence and determination to stick to itsown road is the bedrock of all the theories and practice of our Party, and theguaranteethatourPartyandpeoplewillgofromvictorytovictory.

AdheringtoindependencemeansthatwewillfirmlytakethesocialistpathwithChinesecharacteristics.Wewillnottaketheoldpathofarigidclosed-doorpolicy,noranerroneouspathbyabandoningsocialism.Weshouldenhanceourpolitical faith andour confidence in thepath, theories and systemsofChinesesocialism.Weshouldexpandthispath,enrichthesetheoriesandimprovethesesystemsthroughcomprehensivereformandinresponse tochangingconditionsandtasks.Weshouldmodestlydrawontheachievementsofallothercultures,but never forget our own origin.We must not blindly copy the developmentmodelsofothercountriesnoraccepttheirdictation.

Adhering to independence requires us to uphold our independent foreignpolicyofpeace,andfollowthepathofpeacefuldevelopment.Weshouldholdhighthebannerofpeace,development,cooperationandbenefitforall,maintainfriendly relations with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles ofPeacefulCoexistence[6],conductexchangesandcooperationwithothercountrieson the basis of equality andmutual benefit, staunchly safeguardworld peace,andpromotecommondevelopment.Weshouldtakeourpositionsandmakeourpolicieson issueson their ownmerits, uphold fairness and justice, respect the

right of eachpeople in deciding its owndevelopment path independently, andneverforceourwilluponothersnorallowanyonetoimposetheirsuponus.Westand for peaceful resolutions to international disputes, oppose all forms ofhegemony and power politics, and never seek hegemonism nor engage inexpansion.Wewillresolutelydefendoursovereignty,securityanddevelopmentinterests.Nocountryshouldassumethatwewill tradeawayourcoreinterests,norwillweacceptanythingthatharmsoursovereignty,securityordevelopmentinterests.

Notes

[1]MaoZedong:“ReformOurStudy,”SelectedWorksofMaoZedong,Vol. III,Eng.ed.,ForeignLanguagesPress,Beijing,1965,p.22.

[2] Mao Zedong: “Address to the Preparatory Meeting of the New Political ConsultativeConference,”SelectedWorksofMaoZedong,Vol.IV,Eng.ed.,ForeignLanguagesPress,Beijing,1961,p.408.

[3]GuanZi, compiledbyLiuXiang, is a collectionofwritingsby scholarsof theWarringStatesPeriod (475-221 BC) in the name of Guan Zhong. Liu Xiang (c. 77-6 BC) was a Confucian scholar,bibliographer,andmanoflettersoftheWesternHanDynasty(206BC-AD25).GuanZhong(?-645BC),alsoknownasGuanZi,wasastatesmanoftheStateofQiintheearlySpringandAutumnPeriod(770-476BC).

[4]MaoZedong:“OntheChongqingNegotiations,”SelectedWorksofMaoZedong,Vol.IV,Eng.ed.,ForeignLanguagesPress,Beijing,1961,p.58.

[5] Wang Chong: Discourses Weighed in the Balance (Lun Heng), which drew extensively onConfucianism,TaoismandMohism,andtheachievementsinthenaturalsciencesintheHanDynasty(206BC-AD220),andcriticizedthetheologyanddivinationpopularinhistime.WangChong(27-c.97)wasaphilosopher,thinkerandliterarycriticintheEasternHanDynasty(25-220).

[6]TheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistencearetheprinciplesofmutualrespectforeachother’sterritorialintegrityandsovereignty,mutualnon-aggression,mutualnon-interferenceineachother’sinternalaffairs, equality and cooperation formutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. FromDecember 1953 toApril1954delegatesof theChinesegovernmentand the IndiangovernmentheldnegotiationsonChina-India relations concerning the Tibet region of China. On December 31, 1953, the first day of thenegotiations, Chinese Premier ZhouEnlaimet the delegation from India, and first put forward the FivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence.Later,thefiveprincipleswereofficiallywrittenintothepreambletotheAgreementonTradeandIntercourseBetweentheTibetRegionofChinaandIndia.DuringhisvisittoIndiaandBurma(Myanmar)inJune1954,ZhouissuedjointdeclarationswithIndianPrimeMinisterJawaharlalNehruandBurmesePrimeMinisterUNusuccessively,advocatingtheestablishmentoftheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistenceasthebasicnormgoverningrelationsbetweenstates.

TheChineseDream

AchievingRejuvenationIstheDreamoftheChinesePeople*

November29,2012

*Speechmadewhenvisitingtheexhibition“TheRoadtoRejuvenation.”

Theexhibition“TheRoad toRejuvenation” isabout thepast,presentandfutureoftheChinesenation,anditisahighlyeducationalandinspiringone.Inthe old days, the Chinese people went through hardships as grueling as“storming an iron-wall pass.”[1] Its sufferings and sacrifices in modern timeswererarelyseeninthehistoryoftheworld.However,weChineseneveryielded.Wewagedindomitablestrugglesandsucceededinbecomingmastersofourowndestiny.Imbuedwiththenationalspiritofpatriotism,wehavelaunchedthegreatcauseofbuildingthecountry.Today,theChinesenationisundergoingprofoundchanges,like“seasbecomingmulberryfields.”[2]Havingreviewedourhistoricalexperienceandmadepainstakingeffortstoprobeourwayforwardinthepast30yearsandmore since the reformandopening-upprocesswas started,wehavefinally embarked on the right path to achieve the rejuvenation of theChinesenation andmade impressive achievements in this pursuit. This path is one forbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Inthefuture,theChinesenationwill“forgeaheadlikeagiganticshipbreakingthroughstrongwindsandheavywaves.”[3] Our struggles in the over 170 years since the OpiumWar[4] havecreatedbrightprospectsforachievingtherejuvenationoftheChinesenation.Wearenowclosertothisgoal,andwearemoreconfidentandcapableofachievingitthanatanyothertimeinhistory.

Reviewing the past, all Party members must bear in mind thatbackwardnessleftusvulnerabletoattack,whereasonlydevelopmentmakesusstrong.

Lookingatthepresent,allPartymembersmustbearinmindthatthepathwetakedeterminesourdestinyandthatwemustresolutelykeeptotherightpaththatwehavefoundthroughgreatdifficulties.

Lookingaheadatthefuture,allPartymembersmustbearinmindthatwestillhavea longway togoandmuchhardwork todobeforewecan turnourblueprintintoreality.

Everyonehasanideal,ambitionanddream.Wearenowall talkingabouttheChineseDream. Inmy opinion, achieving the rejuvenation of theChinesenation has been the greatest dream of theChinese people since the advent ofmodern times. This dream embodies the long-cherished hope of severalgenerationsoftheChinesepeople,givesexpressiontotheoverallinterestsoftheChinesenationand theChinesepeople,andrepresents thesharedaspirationofallthesonsanddaughtersoftheChinesenation.

Historyshowsthat thefutureanddestinyofeachandeveryoneofusareclosely linked to thoseofour country andnation.Onecandowellonlywhenone’s country and nation do well. Achieving the rejuvenation of the Chinesenationisbothagloriousandarduousmissionthatrequiresthededicatedeffortsof the Chinese people one generation after another. Empty talk harms thecountry, while hard work makes it flourish. Our generation of Communistsshoulddrawonpastprogressandchartanewcourseforthefuture.WeshouldstrengthenPartybuilding,rallyallthesonsanddaughtersoftheChinesenationaroundusinacommonefforttobuildourcountryanddevelopournation,andcontinuetoboldlyadvancetowardsthegoaloftherejuvenationoftheChinesenation.

I firmly believe that the goal of bringing about amoderately prosperoussociety in all respects can be achieved by 2021, when the CPC celebrates itscentenary; the goal of building China into a modern socialist country that isprosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious can beachieved by 2049, when the PRC marks its centenary; and the dream of therejuvenationoftheChinesenationwillthenberealized.

Notes

[1]MaoZedong:“LoushanPass,”MaoZedongPoems,Eng.ed.,ForeignLanguagesPress,Beijing,1998,p.31.

[2]MaoZedong:“ThePeople’sLiberationArmyCapturedNanjing,”ibid.,p.49.

[3]LiBai:TheHardRoad:ThreePoems.LiBai(701-762)wasaTangDynastypoet.

[4]TheOpiumWarwasawarofBritishaggressionagainstChinafrom1840to1842.In1840,inresponse toChina’s opposition to the import of opium fromBritish traders, theBritish government senttroops to invade China on the excuse of protecting trade. The Chinese troops fought back under theleadershipofLinZexu(1785-1850),governorofGuangdongandGuangxiprovinces.PeopleinGuangzhouorganizedarmedgroupstofighttheinvaders.Anti-BritishstruggleswerealsoseeninFujianandZhejiangprovinces.In1842BritishtroopsinvadedtheYangtzeRiverareaandforcedtheQinggovernmenttosigntheTreatyofNanking,thefirstunequaltreatyinthehistoryofmodernChina.

AddresstotheFirstSessionofthe12thNationalPeople’sCongress

March17,2013

Fellowdeputies,

This session has electedme president of thePeople’sRepublic ofChina,and Iwish to expressmy heartfelt thanks to you and the people of all ethnicgroupsforyourtrustinme.

Iamkeenlyaware that thepresidencyentailsbothagloriousmissionandimportantresponsibilities.IwillfaithfullyperformthedutiesvestedinmebytheConstitution, be loyal to the country and the people, fulfill all my duties,dedicatemyself to public service, advance the interests of the people and thecountry,subjectmyselftopublicoversight,andliveuptothetrustyouandthepeopleofallethnicgroupsinChinahaveplacedinme.

Fellowdeputies,

The People’s Republic of China has a splendid history. Led by the firstgenerationof theParty’s collective central leadershipwithMaoZedongat thecore,thesecondgenerationofcollectivecentralleadershipwithDengXiaopingatthecore,thethirdgenerationofcollectivecentralleadershipwithJiangZeminatthecore,andtheCPCCentralCommitteewithHuJintaoasgeneralsecretary,the Chinese people of all ethnic groups have,making unremitting efforts onegeneration after another, surmounted all difficulties and obstacles on ourwayahead,andmadeworld-renownedachievements.

Today,ourPeople’sRepublicstandsproudandfirmintheEast.

With his rich political vision, outstanding leadership and dedication,ComradeHu Jintaomade remarkable achievements in upholding and buildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsduringhistenyearsinofficeasChinesepresident, and he won the heartfelt love of the Chinese people of all ethnic

groups and wide acclaim from all over the world. We express our sinceregratitudeandgreatrespecttohim.

Fellowdeputies,

TheChinese nation has an unbrokenhistory ofmore than 5,000years ofcivilization. It has created a rich and profound culture and has made anunforgettablecontributiontotheprogressofhumancivilization.Overthecourseof several thousand years,what have closely bound us together, the 56 ethnicgroups of China’s 1.3-billion-plus people, are our indomitable struggles, thebeautiful homeland we have built together and the national spirit we havenurturedtogether.Runningthroughthishistory,mostimportantly,aretheidealsandvisionthatweshareandholddear.

Realizing the goals of building a moderately properous society in allrespects and amodern socialist country that is properous, strong, democratic,culturallyadvancedandharmonious,andtheChineseDreamoftherejuvenationof theChinese nationmeans thatwewillmakeChina prosperous and strong,rejuvenate the nation, and bring happiness to the Chinese people. They bothembody the ideals of the Chinese people today and represent our forefathers’glorioustraditionofuntiringpursuitofprogress.

Facingthemightytideofthetimesandthegreatexpectationsofthepeopleforabetterlife,wemustnotbecomecomplacentorslackenoffintheslightest.WemustredoubleoureffortsandforgeaheadrelentlesslytoadvancethecauseofbuildingChinesesocialismandendeavortorealizetheChineseDreamoftherejuvenationoftheChinesenation.

–TorealizetheChineseDream,wemusttakeourownpath,whichisthepath of building socialismwithChinese characteristics. It is not an easy path.Weareabletoembarkonthispaththankstothegreatendeavorsofreformandopeningupmadeinthepast30yearsandmore,thecontinuousquestmadeinthe60-plus years of the PRC, a thorough review of the evolution of the Chinesenationinits170-plusyearsofmodernhistory,andcarryingforwardthe5,000-plus years of Chinese civilization. This path is deeply rooted in history andbroadlybasedonChina’spresentrealities.TheChinesenationhasextraordinarycapabilities,withwhichithasbuiltthegreatChinesecivilizationandwithwhichwe can expand and stay on the development path suited to China’s national

conditions.ThepeopleofallethnicgroupsinChinashouldhavefullconfidencein the theory, path and system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, andsteadfastlyforgeaheadalongthecorrectChinesepath.

–TorealizetheChineseDream,wemustfostertheChinesespirit.Itisthenational spiritwith patriotism at its core, and it is the spirit of the timeswithreformand innovation at its core.This spirit unites thepeople andpools theirstrength, and it is the source for rejuvenating and strengthening the country.Patriotism has always been the inner force that binds the Chinese nationtogether,andreformandinnovationhavealwaysbeentheinnerforcethatspursus to keep abreast of the times in the course of reform and opening up. Ourpeopleof all ethnicgroupsmust foster thegreat national spirit and follow thecall of the times, strengthen our inner bond of unity and perseverance, andvigorouslymarchtowardsthefuture.

–TorealizetheChineseDream,wemustpoolChina’sstrength,thatis,thestrength of great unity among the people of all ethnic groups. The ChineseDreamisthedreamofournationandeveryChinese.Aslongaswecloseranksand pursue this common dream with great determination, we can createenormousstrengthtoachieveitandenjoyvastspaceforeachandeveryoneofustofulfillourowndreams.AlltheChinesewholiveinourgreatcountryinthisgreat age share the opportunity to pursue excellence, realize our dreams, anddevelop ourselves along with our country. With a dream, opportunities andefforts,allbeautifulthingscanbecreated.WethepeopleofallethnicgroupsinChina shouldbearourmission inmindandmakeconcertedefforts to turn thewisdomandstrengthofour1.3billionpeopleintoaninvincibleforce.

TheChineseDreamis,inthefinalanalysis,thedreamofthepeople;sowemustrelyfirmlyon themtorealize it,andwemuststeadilydeliverbenefits tothem.

WemustupholdatthesametimetheleadershipoftheParty,thepositionofthe people asmasters of their own destiny, and the rule of law,maintain theprincipalpositionofthepeople,expandpeople’sdemocracy,andpromotelaw-based governance. We should uphold and improve the system of people’scongresses as China’s fundamental political system and the basic politicalsystems of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under theleadership of the CPC, of regional ethnic autonomy, and of community-level

self-governance.Weshouldbuildaservice-oriented,accountable,law-basedandcleangovernment,andfullymotivatethepeople.

Weshouldbeguidedby thestrategic thinking thatonlydevelopmentwillmake a difference, and steadfastly take economic development as the centraltask.We should comprehensively promote socialist economic, political, socialandecologicaladvancement,furtherreformandopeningup,boostthescientificwayofdevelopment,andcontinuetolayasolidmaterialandculturalfoundationforrealizingtheChineseDream.

Weshouldalwaysbearthepeople’saspirationsinmindandberesponsiveto theirexpectations,ensure theirequal rights toparticipate ingovernanceanddevelop themselves, and uphold social fairness and justice. We should makesteady progress in ensuring that all the people enjoy the rights to education,employment,medicalandold-agecare,andhousing;andweshouldcontinuetofulfill,upholdanddevelopthefundamentalinterestsofallthepeople.Alltheseefforts will enable our people to share fully and fairly the benefits ofdevelopment and move steadily towards shared prosperity on the basis ofcontinuedeconomicandsocialdevelopment.

We should consolidate and develop the broadest possible patriotic unitedfront, strengthen our Party’s unity and cooperationwith other political partiesandpersonageswithoutpartyaffiliation,consolidateanddevelopsocialistethnicrelationsofequality,unity,mutualassistanceandharmony,givefullplaytothepositiverolethatreligiousfiguresandbelieversplayinpromotingeconomicandsocialdevelopment,anddoourutmosttorallyallthepossibleforcesaroundus.

Fellowdeputies,

“Onemust both have great ambition andmake tireless efforts to achievegreatexploits.”[1]Chinaisstillintheprimarystageofsocialismandwillremainsoforalongtimetocome.ThereisstillmuchtodoandalongwaytogobeforewecanrealizetheChineseDreamandcreateabetterlifeforallourpeople,soeveryoneofusshouldcontinueworkingtowardsthisgoalashardaspossible.

Workers,farmersandintellectualsthroughoutthecountryshouldgivefullreintotheirtalents,workdiligently,andplayakeyroleinpromotingeconomicand social development. All functionaries should selflessly act in the public

interest,behonestand industrious, showconcern forproblemsencounteredbythepeople, anddeliver practical services to them.All officers andmenof thePeople’sLiberationArmyandthePeople’sArmedPoliceForceshouldstrivetobuildpowerfularmedforces that followthecommandof theParty,areable towinbattlesandhave fineconduct.Theyshouldbecomebetterable toperformtheirmission,steadfastlyupholdChina’ssovereignty,securityanddevelopmentinterests, and resolutely protect the lives and property of the people. All thepeopleworking in the non-public sector of the economy and fromnew socialgroupsshouldpromotecreativityandentrepreneurshipthroughhardwork,givebacktosocietywhattheyhavegainedfromit,bringbenefitstothepeople,andbecome actively involved in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.Youngpeopleshouldaimhigh,acquiremoreknowledge,tempertheirwill,andmaketheirformativeyearsrichlyrewardingonesinaneraofprogress.

Our compatriots in the special administrative regions of HongKong andMacaoshouldputtheoverallinterestsofthecountryandtheirregionsfirst,anduphold and promote long-term prosperity and stability in Hong Kong andMacao.Our compatriots in Taiwan and on themainland should join hands insupporting, maintaining and promoting the peaceful growth of cross-Straitsrelations, improvingthepeople’slivesonbothsidesoftheTaiwanStraits,andcreating a new future for the Chinese nation. Overseas Chinese should carryforward the Chinese nation’s fine traditions of diligence and kindness, andcontributetothedevelopmentofthecountryandfriendshipbetweentheChinesepeopleandthepeopleintheirhostcountries.

We Chinese are peace-loving people. We will uphold the principle ofpeace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit, stay firm in pursuingpeaceful development, resolutely follow a mutually beneficial strategy ofopening up, and continue to promote friendship and cooperation with othercountries.Wewill fulfill our international responsibilities andobligations, andcontinue to work with the peoples of all other countries to advance the loftycauseofpeaceanddevelopmentofmankind.

Fellowdeputies,

TheCPCisthecentralforceforleadingandbringingtogetherpeopleofallethnic groups in advancing the great cause of building Chinese socialism. Itshouldersahistoricalmissionandfacesthetestsofourtimes.Wemustuphold

theprinciples that thePartywas founded for thepublicgood, that it exercisesstate power for the people, and that it should supervise its own conduct andoperateunderstrictdiscipline.WemuststrengthenPartybuildinginallrespects,steadilyimprovetheParty’sartofleadershipandgovernance,andmakeitbetterable tofightcorruption,preventdegenerationandwardoffrisks.AllourPartymembers, leading officials in particular, should be firm in our belief, alwaysplacethepeopleaboveallelse inourheartsandcarryforwardtheParty’sfinetraditions and conduct. We should firmly oppose formalism, bureaucratism,hedonismandextravagance,resolutelycombatcorruptionandothermisconduct,preserveCommunists’politicalintegrity,anddedicateourselvestothecauseofthePartyandthepeople.

Fellowdeputies,

Achieving great goals requires perseverance. All political parties,organizations,ethnicgroups,socialgroupsandpeoplefromallwalksoflifeinChina should rally more closely around the CPC Central Committee,comprehensivelyimplementtheguidingprinciplesof theParty’s18thNationalCongress,followtheguidanceofDengXiaopingTheory,theimportantthoughtoftheThreeRepresentsandtheScientificOutlookonDevelopment.Weshouldremainmodest andprudent,workhard, and forgeaheadwithdetermination toachievenewandbiggervictoriesinrealizingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinall respects and accelerating socialist modernization, and thus make new andbiggercontributiontomankind.

Notes

[1]TheBookofHistory(ShangShu),acollectionofdocumentsandspeechesbyrulersoftheShang(c.1600-1046BC)andZhou(1046-256BC)dynasties.

HardWorkMakesDreamsComeTrue*

April28,2013

*Partofthespeechatadiscussionsessionwithnationalmodelworkers.

We have set the goals of completing the building of a moderatelyprosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC in 2021 andbuilding China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong,democratic,culturallyadvanced,andharmoniousbythecentenaryofthePRCin2049 so as to realize the Chinese Dream of the rejuvenation of the Chinesenation.

Although the way ahead is rugged and the tasks of achieving reform,development and stability are arduous, we are confident in our future. TheworkingclassofourcountrymustplayanexemplaryandleadingroleintakingtheChinesepath,fosteringtheChinesespiritandbuildingupChina’sstrength,andmakeconcertedeffortstorealizetheChineseDream.

Peoplemakehistory,andworkcreatesthefuture.Workisthefundamentalforcedriving theprogress of human society.Happiness doesnot fall from thesky,nordodreamscometrueautomatically.Toachieveourgoalsandcreateabrightfuturewemustrelycloselyonthepeople,alwaysactintheirinterests,andwork in an industrious, honest and creative way.We often say, “Empty talkharmsthecountry,whilehardworkmakesitflourish.”Thismeanswemustfirstgetdowntowork.

Asweforgeahead,wemustgivefullreintothevitalroleoftheworkingclassanditshistoricalinitiative,andarouseitsmotivationforworkandcreation.

First, we must make sure that the working class is our main force. TheworkingclassisChina’sleadingclass;itrepresentsChina’sadvancedproductiveforces and relationsofproduction; it is ourParty’smost steadfast and reliableclassfoundation;anditisthemainforceforrealizingamoderatelyprosperoussociety in all respects, and upholding and building socialism with Chinese

characteristics.

Since the introductionof the reformandopening-uppolicymore than30yearsago,ourworkingclasshasbeengrowingandimproving,anditsstructurebecomingbetter. Ithas takenonanewlook,and itsadvancednaturehasbeenstrengthened.ToupholdandbuildChinesesocialisminthefuture,wemustrelywholeheartedly on the working class, enhance its position as China’s leadingclass, and give full play to its role as our main force. Relying fully on theworking class is not just a slogan or label; rather,we should rely on it in thewholeprocessofformulatingPartyandgovernmentpolicies,andimplementitinourwork,aswellasinallaspectsofproductionandoperationofenterprises.

Second,wemust rely firmlyon theworkingclass tobuildsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Chinesesocialismiswhatwemustpursue ifweare toachieve development and make progress in contemporary China, realize theChineseDream and create a bright future for China’sworking class. Chineseworkersshouldenhance theirsenseofhistoricalmissionandresponsibility,dotheir jobswell, and keep the country’s overall interests inmind. They shouldpursue their ideals of life andwork for thewell-being of their familieswhileworkingtomakethecountryprosperousandstrong,andrejuvenatethenation.TheyshouldpursueboththeirpersonalaspirationsandtheChineseDream,and,as the masters of the country, contribute to upholding and building socialismwithChinesecharacteristics.

TheworkingclassshouldhaveafirmbeliefinthevisionofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,closelyfollowtheParty,resolutelysupportthesocialistsystem, reformandopeningup,andbe themainstayofupholding theChinesepath.Theworkingclassshouldpracticethecoresocialistvalues[1],givefullplaytoitsowngreatstrengths,influenceandleadthewholeofsocietywithitsvisionandexemplaryactions,infusenewenergyintotheChinesespiritandbeamodelof fostering theChinesespirit.TheChineseworkingclass should take it as itsmission to rejuvenate the nation, unleash its great creativity, carry forward itsglorious tradition of acting in the overall interests of the country, maintainpolitical stability andunity, and remain thecore force forbuildingupChina’sstrength.

Third, we must continue to respect work and make all those who workenjoy happiness. Work is the source of wealth and happiness. To realize

beautifuldreams,solvedifficultieshamperingdevelopment,andbesuccessfulinlife, one must do honest work. Work has shaped the Chinese nation and itsglorioushistory,anditisworkthatwillshapeitsbrightfuture.“Thereisnothingthatcannotbeaccomplishedthroughhardwork.”Wemustbefirminthebeliefthatworkiswhatismosthonorable,mostsublime,mostmagnificentandmostbeautiful; and we should spur the enthusiasm for work of all the people andreleasetheircreativepotentialtocreateabetterlifethroughwork.

The whole of society should follow the important policy of respectingwork,knowledge,talentandcreation,upholdanddeveloptheinterestsofpeoplewhowork,andprotecttheirrights.Weshouldupholdsocialfairnessandjustice,remove obstacles that prevent workers from participating in development andsharing in the benefits of development, and ensure that workers have decentworking conditions and achieve all-round development. The whole of societyshouldlovework,bediligentandguardagainstindolence.

Fourth,wemustemulatemodelworkers.Thepowerofagoodexampleisenormous.Modelworkersarethecreamofthecountryandrolemodelsforthepeople.Over the years,modelworkers havemade extraordinary achievementsout of ordinary work. They have nurtured the ethos of the model workers,namely,dedicationtowork,strivingforexcellence,workinghard,beingboldininnovating, not being lured by fame and wealth, and being ready to makesacrifices.Thishasenrichedtheethosofournationandthetimes,andbecomeaninvaluablesourceofinspiration.

To meet our development goals, we must enrich ourselves not onlymateriallybutculturallyandethicallyaswell.Thepeopleofallethnicgroupsinthecountryshouldlearnfrommodelworkers,followtheirexamplesand,withasenseofurgency,strivetorealizetherejuvenationoftheChinesenation.Modelworkers and other rolemodels should cherish the honor conferred upon themanddeliveranevenbetterperformance.Theyshouldbededicatedtoworkandmake selfless contributions, and become pacesetters, having firm vision andconviction,workinghardandpromotingunity.Workers inChina todayshouldhavenotonlystrength,butalsovision,expertise,andthecapabilitytoinventandinnovate,sothattheycancreatewithactionasplendidChina.Partycommittees,governments and trade unions at all levels should value the role of modelworkers,careforthem,supporttheminplayingtheirkeyrole,helpthemsolveall the difficulties they encounter inwork and life, andwidely publicize their

exemplarydeeds,soastopromotetheethosofmodelworkers.

Both the Party and workers place high hopes on the trade unions. TheChinese trade unions are workers’ organizations under the leadership of theCPC,andtheyserveasbridgesthroughwhichthePartymaintainscontactwithworkers.They are an important social pillar supporting thegovernment inoursocialist country. The path for developing trade unions with Chinesecharacteristics isan importantpartof socialismwithChinesecharacteristics; itrepresentsthenatureandfeaturesoftradeunions,andisanimportantguaranteeforthetradeunionstostayontherighttrackofdevelopment.Weshouldkeeptothispathandsteadilywidenit.

Times keep changing, and innovation is a regular feature of ourmission.Likewise, the trade unions should keep developing themselves and makeinnovationsintheirwork.Weshould,adaptingtothetimesandsocialchanges,developgoodandeffectiveworkingmethodstomakeworkersfeelthatthetradeunions are their “homes”and tradeunionofficials are their “familymembers”whomtheycanturntoforhelp.Weshouldmakeprovidingdedicatedservicestopeopleasthestartingpointandgoalofalltheworkofthetradeunions,workforthemheartandsoul,heedtheirviews,upholdthelegitimaterightsandinterestsof workers, including rural migrant workers, provide them with voluntaryservices,helpsolveproblemstheyfaceinadown-to-earthmanner,andpromoteharmonious socialist work relations. We need to pay close attention to thediversifieddemandsofpeoplewhowork,unleash thepotential for theircareerdevelopment, and strive to train largenumbersof high-caliber peoplewho areknowledgeable, have a good command of technical expertise, and areinnovative. Party committees and governments at all levels should strengthenandimprovetheirleadershipoverthetradeunions,supportthemintheirwork,and providemore resources andmeans to them so that they are better able toperformtheirfunctions.

Ajourneyofonethousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.Thereisabrightfuture forourcountry,but reaching itwillnotbeeasy.Wecannotaccomplishourgoalwithonesingleeffort,norcanwerealizeourdreamovernight.Everyaccomplishment in the world is hard-won. Themore beautiful the future, theharderwemustworkforit.

Hardworkwillovercomedifficultiesandmakeone’sdreamcometrue.We

shouldendeavor to foster throughout society theworkethicofbeingdown-to-earthanddiligent.Leadingofficialsatalllevelsshouldfostertheethosofmodelworkers.Theyshouldpursuerealisticpolicies,boostmoraleandhandlethingsinapragmaticway.Theyshouldnotbepretentiousorjustpursueimage-buildingaccomplishments, and they should firmly oppose formalism, bureaucratism,hedonism and extravagance, which both government officials and the publicdetest.Theyshouldleadthepeoplebyexampleanddeliveragoodperformanceinalltheirwork.

I firmly believe that under the leadership of theCPCCentral CommitteeandwiththeconcertedeffortsoftheChineseworkingclassandallotherworkersand the people of all ethnic groups inChina,we can certainly create an evenbrighterfutureandrealizetheChineseDreamoftherejuvenationoftheChinesenation.

Notes

[1]Thecoresocialistvaluesareprosperity,democracy,civility,harmony,freedom,equality,justice,theruleof law,patriotism,dedication, integrityandfriendship.TheywerefirstmentionedinthepoliticalreportdeliveredinNovember2012tothe18thCPCNationalCongress,titled,“FirmlyMarchonthePathofSocialismwithChineseCharacteristics andStrive toComplete theBuildingof aModeratelyProsperousSocietyinAllRespects.”

RealizeYouthfulDreams*

May4,2013

*Partofthespeechtooutstandingyoungrepresentativesfromallwalksoflife.

The 18th CPC National Congress put forward a master blueprint forcompleting thebuildingofamoderatelyprosperous society inall respectsandacceleratingsocialistmodernization,and it issuedacall forachieving theTwoCentenaryGoals[1].Wemadeclearourdesire to realize theChineseDreamoftherejuvenationoftheChinesenationinaccordancewiththeguidingprinciplesoftheCongress.Atpresent,allarediscussingtheChineseDreamandthinkingabouthowitrelatestothemandwhattheyneedtodotorealizeit.

– The Chinese Dream pertains to the past and the present, but also thefuture.Itisthecrystallizationofthetirelesseffortsofcountlesspeoplewithloftyideals, embraces the yearnings of all the sons and daughters of the Chinesenation, and reveals the prospect of a bright future, when our country will beprosperousandstrong,thenationwillberejuvenated,andthepeoplewillenjoyahappylife.

–TheChineseDreamisthedreamofthecountryandthenation,butalsoofeveryordinaryChinese.Onecandowellonlywhenone’scountryandnationdowell. Only if everyone strives for a better tomorrow can our efforts beaggregatedintoapowerfulforcetorealizetheChineseDream.

–TheChineseDreamisours,butalsoyours,theyoungergeneration.Thegreat renewal of the Chinese nation will eventually become a reality in thecourseofthesuccessiveeffortsoftheyouth.

During all periods of revolution, construction and reform, the Party hasalways valued, cared about and trusted young people, and placed greatexpectationson theyoungergenerations.ThePartybelieves thatyoungpeoplerepresentthefutureofourcountryandthehopeofournation,regardsthemasavitalcontingentforthecauseofthePartyandthepeople,andalwaysencourages

themtorealizetheiridealsinthegreatstruggleofthepeople.

Today,wearecloserthanatanytimeinhistorytoattainingthegoaloftherejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and we have greater confidence in andcapability for achieving this goal than ever before. “The last one tenth of thejourneydemandshalf theeffort.”[2]Thecloserweare toachieving thegoaloftherejuvenationoftheChinesenation,themoreweshouldredoubleoureffortsandnot slackenourpace, and themorewemustmobilizeallyoungpeople tothisend.

Looking ahead, we can see that our younger generation has a promisingfuture,andwillaccomplishmuch. It isa lawofhistory that“thewavesof theYangtzeRiverfrombehinddriveonthoseahead,”anditistheresponsibilityofyoungpeople to surpass their elders.Youngpeopleneed toboldlyassume theheavyresponsibilities that the times imposeonyou,aimhigh,bepracticalandrealistic,andputyouryouthfuldreamsintoactioninthecourseofrealizingtheChineseDreamoftherejuvenationoftheChinesenation.

First,youngpeoplemustbefirminyouridealsandconvictions.“Onemustbothhavegreatambitionandmaketirelesseffortstoachievegreatexploits.”[3]Idealsprovidedirectioninlife,andconvictionsdeterminethesuccessofacause.Withoutidealsandconvictionsone’sspiritbecomesweak.TheChineseDreamis the common ideal of the people of all ethnic groups, and a lofty ideal thatyoung people should harbor. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is thecorrectpathforleadingthepeopleinrealizingtheChineseDreamthatthePartyarticulatedafteruntoldhardships,andallyoungpeopleshouldfirmlyadoptitasaguidelineforyourlives.

YoungpeopleshouldguideyouractionswithDengXiaopingTheory, theimportant thought of the Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook onDevelopment;baseyour idealsandconvictionson the rational recognitionandacceptance of scientific theories, on a correct understanding of the laws ofhistory,andonanaccurateunderstandingofthebasicnationalconditions;keepenhancingyourconfidenceintheChinesepath,theoriesandsystem;havemorefaithintheParty’sleadership;andalwaysfollowthePartyinupholdingChinesesocialism.

Second, young people must have professional competence. Learning is

necessary for growth and progress, while practice is the way to improvecompetence.Thequalities and competence of youngpeoplewill have a directinfluence on the course of realizing the Chinese Dream. There is an ancientChinesesaying,“Learning is thebow,whilecompetence is thearrow.”[4] Thismeansthatthefoundationoflearningislikeabow,whilecompetenceislikeanarrow; onlywith rich knowledge can one give full play to one’s competence.Youngpeopleareintheprimetimeoflearning.Youshouldregardlearningasatop priority, a responsibility, a moral support and a lifestyle. You shouldestablishaconvictionthatdreamsstartfromlearningandcareersuccessdependson competence. You should make assiduous learning a driving force andcompetencebuildingaresourceforyouryouthfulendeavors.

Youngpeoplemustorientyourselves tomodernization, theworldand thefuture, have a sense of urgency in updating your knowledge, studywith greateagerness,layagoodfoundationofbasicknowledgewhileupdatingitpromptly,assiduously study theories while enthusiastically developing skills, andconstantly enhance your competence and capabilities tomeet the developmentneedsofourtimesandtherequirementsofourundertaking.Youngpeoplemustapplywhatyouhavelearned,stayclosetothegrassrootsandthepopulace,and,in thegreat furnaceof the reformandopeningupandsocialistmodernization,and in the great school of society, acquire true skills and genuine knowledge,improvecompetence,andmakeyourselvescapablepersonnelwhocanshoulderimportantsocialresponsibilities.

Third,youngpeoplemustdaretoinnovateandcreate.Innovationisthesouldrivinganation’sprogressandaninexhaustiblesourceofacountry’sprosperity.It is also an essential part of the Chinese national character. This is whatConfuciusmeantwhenhesaid,“Ifyoucaninonedayrenovateyourself,dosofromdaytoday.Yea, let therebedailyrenovation.”[5]Lifenever favors thosewho follow thebeaten trackandare satisfiedwith thestatusquo,and itneverwaitsfortheunambitiousandthosewhosit idleandenjoythefruitsofothers’work.Instead,itprovidesmoreopportunitiesforthosewhohavetheabilityandcourage to innovate. Young people are the most dynamic and most creativegroup of our society, and should stand in the forefront of innovation andcreation.

Young people should dare to be the first, boldly free their minds and

progresswiththetimes,daretoseekhighandlowforawaytoforgeahead,andbe ambitious to learn from and then surpass the older generation.With youryouthfulenergy,youcancreateacountryofyouthandanationofyouth.Youngpeople should have the willpower to cut paths through mountains and buildbridges over rivers, and be indomitable and advance bravely in bringing forthnewideas.Youshouldhaveapragmaticattitudethatpursuestruth,soyoucanconstantlyaccumulateexperienceandachieve results in thecourseofbringingforthnewideasinyourchosenoccupations.

Fourth,youngpeoplemustbedevoted tohardwork.“Thesharpnessofasword results from repeated grinding, while the fragrance of plum blossomscomesfromfrigidweather.”Humanidealsarenoteasytoachieve,butneedhardwork. From poverty to prosperity, and from weakness to strength, China hasbeenable toprogress stepby stepovercenturies thanks to the tenacityofonegenerationafteranother,andtothenation’sspiritofconstantself-improvementthrough hard work. Currently we are facing important opportunities fordevelopment,butwearealso facingunprecedenteddifficultiesandchallenges.The dream stretches out before us and the road lies at our feet. Those whoovercome their weaknesses are powerful, and those who keep improvingthemselvescomeoutvictors.Ifwearetoachieveourdevelopmentgoals,youngpeoplemustworklongandhardwithoutletup.

Youngpeoplemustbearinmindthat“emptytalkharmsthecountry,whilehardworkmakesitflourish”andputthisintopractice.Youmustworkhardatyourownposts,startfromtrivialthings,andcreateyourownsplendidlifewithhard work, outstanding performances and remarkable achievements. Youngpeoplemustneverfeardifficulties,buttrytoovercomethem;youshouldgotothegrassrootswith toughconditionsand the frontline fornationalconstructionand project development to temper yourselves and enhance your capabilities.Youngpeoplemust have the courage anddetermination to start up businessesand do pioneering work, try to blaze new trails and start new endeavors inreform and opening up, and constantly create new prospects for their careerdevelopment.

Fifth, young peoplemust temper your character. Socialismwith Chinesecharacteristics isa formofsocialism inwhichmaterialandculturalprogressesgo hand in hand. It is difficult for a nationwithout inner strength to be self-reliant, and a cause that lacks a cultural buttress cannot be sustained for long.

Young people are a social force that leads the social ethos. The culturalattainmentofanationisrepresentedmostlybythemoralityandmentaloutlookoftheyoungergeneration.

Young people must integrate correct moral cognition, conscious moraldevelopment and active moral practice, conscientiously establish and practicethe core socialist values, and take the lead in advocating good social conduct.Young peoplemust strengthen theoretical improvement andmoral cultivation,take the initiative to carry forward patriotism, collectivism and socialism, andactively advocate social and professional ethics, and family virtues. Youngpeopleshouldbearinmindthat“virtueuplifts,whilevicedebases”[6]andalwaysbeoptimistsandpersonsofintegritywhohaveahealthylifestyle.Youngpeopleshouldadvocatenewsocialtrends,bethefirstinlearningfromLeiFeng[7],takeanactivepartinvoluntarywork,shouldersocialresponsibilities,careforothers,helpthepoor,theweakandthedisabled,anddoothergoodandpracticaldeeds,soastopromotesocialprogresswiththeiractions.

ThethemeoftheChineseyouthmovementtodayistostrivetorealizetheChinese Dream of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The ChineseCommunistYouthLeagueshouldcarryoutextensiveeducationalandpracticalactivitieswiththethemeof“MyChineseDream”foryoungChinese.Itshouldsowtheseedsofandignitethedreamsofeachyouthsothatmoreyoungpeopledaretodreamandpursuetheirdreams.Inthiswayallyoungpeoplecanincreasetheir youthful energy to realize the ChineseDream. The League should lay asolid intellectual basis for all young Chinese with the Chinese Dream, andeducate and help them to establish a correct world view, outlook on life andsenseofvalues,alwaysloveourcountry,ourpeopleandournation,andfirmlyfollow the Party along the Chinese path. The League should inspire youngpeople’s sense of historical responsibility through the Chinese Dream, carryforward the fine tradition of “theLeague taking action upon theParty’s call,”combine itsworkwithPartyandgovernmentwork,andorganizeandmobilizeyoung people to support reform, promote development andmaintain stability.The League must actively offer services for young people in pursuing theirdreams,effectivelyimproveitspractice,getclosetoyoungpeopleattheprimarylevel, address their concerns and pressing needs, represent and protect thecommon interests andneedsof theyoungpeople, and try tobuild a favorableenvironmentfortheirgrowthanddevelopment.

Role models from among the youngsters are good examples for youngpeople to learn from; they shoulder more social responsibilities and publicexpectations,andplayastrongexemplaryandleadingroleamongyoungpeople,and even in society as awhole. I hope these rolemodelswillmakepersistentefforts, be strict with themselves, be determined to go ahead, and set a goodexampletoallyoungpeoplewiththeirpersonaldevelopment,moralpursuitandexemplaryaction.

Acountryprospersifitsyouthisthriving;acountryisstrongifitsyouthisrobust. Ever since its founding in 1921 the Party has represented, drawn overand reliedonyoungChinesepeople.Party committees andgovernments at alllevelsmustfullytrustin,careforandbestrictwithyoungpeople;giveawiderscope for their thoughts, build a larger stage for their practice and innovation,providemore opportunities for the pursuit of their life goals, and createmorefavorableconditionsfortheircareerdevelopment.Officialsatalllevelsmustpayattentiontoyoungpeople’saspirations,helpthemtogrow,supportthemtostarttheir own businesses, become their bosom friends, and show enthusiasm foryouthwork.

Everybodyisyoungonceintheirlife.Nowisthetimeforyoutomakethemostofyouryouth;andthefutureisatimeforyoutolookbackonit.Thepathof life is sometimes level, sometimes steep; sometimes smooth, sometimesrough; sometimesstraight, sometimescrooked.Youngpeopleare facedwithawiderangeofchoices.Butwhatisimportantforyouistobeguidedbyacorrectworld view, outlook on life and sense of values when you are making yourchoices.Thelifeexperiencesofcountlesssuccessfulpeoplesuggestthatyoungpeoplewhochoose to endurehardshipswill beduly rewarded, and thosewhomake contributions to society are the ones who deserve respect. Tribulations,setbacks and tests haveproved tobegood foryoungpeople in their later life.Youneedtohavestrengthofcharactertobeundauntedwhenconfrontinggoodor bad fortune, have a firmwill to keep pressing forward in spite of repeatedsetbacks,remainoptimisticinallcircumstances,turnyourfailuresintoadrivingforce, and learn from your experiences, so that your life is raised to a higherplane.Inshort,theonlywayyoucanhavefondmemoriesofawell-spent,warmand lastingyouthwithno regrets is toworkenthusiasticallyandenergetically,tenaciouslyovercomeallobstacles,andmakeacontributiontothepeoplewhileyouarestillyoung.

I firmly believe that if the people of all ethnic groups unite under theParty’s leadership, stand on solid ground and forge ahead with a pioneeringspirit, we can certainly build a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturallyadvanced, and harmonious modern socialist country by the middle of thiscentury.AndallouryoungpeoplewillsurelywitnessandshareintherealizationoftheChineseDreamalongwiththepeopleofallethnicgroups.

Notes

[1]TheTwoCentenaryGoalswereputforthbytheCPCatits18thNationalCongressforbuildingsocialism with Chinese characteristics. The two goals are to complete the building of a moderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsbythecentenaryoftheCPC(foundedin1921)andtobuildChinaintoamodernsocialistcountrythatisprosperous,strong,democratic,culturallyadvanced,andharmoniousbythecentenaryofthePRC(foundedin1949).

[2] Strategies of the States (Zhan Guo Ce), a collection of stories of political strategists of theWarringStatesPeriod(475-221BC).

[3]Seenote1,p.46.

[4]YuanMei:SequeltoDiscoursesonPoetry(XuShiPin).YuanMei(1716-1797)wasapoetandcriticoftheQingDynasty.

[5]TheGreat Learning (Da Xue) is one of the “FourClassics ofConfucianism,” the other threebeingTheAnalectsofConfucius,TheMenciusandTheDoctrineoftheMean.

[6]TheDiscoursesoftheStates(GuoYu)recordsimportanteventstakingplaceduringtheWesternZhouDynasty(1046-771BC)andtheSpringandAutumnPeriod(770-476BC).ThebookisbelievedtohavebeenwrittenbyZuoqiuMing(556-451BC),anotedhistorianoftheStateofLu.

[7]LeiFeng(1940-1962)wasaPLAsoldierandarolemodel.Heservedthepeoplewholeheartedly,wasreadytohelpothers,andlovedwhateverworkhewasassignedto.Hediedathispostinanaccident.In1963MaoZedongwrote“LearnfromComradeLeiFeng,”startinganationalcampaignforpeopletocopyhisselflessdeeds.March5isanationalmemorialdaytolearnfromhim.

TheChineseDreamWillBenefitNotOnlythePeopleofChina,ButAlsoofOtherCountries*

May2013

*PartoftheanswersinawritteninterviewwithreportersfromTrinidadandTobago,CostaRicaandMexico.

TheChinesenationhasemergedresilientfromtrialsandtribulations,anditnevergaveupthepursuitofitsbeautifuldreams.RealizingtheChineseDreamoftherejuvenationoftheChinesenationhasbeenalong-cherishedwishoftheChinesepeoplesincetheadventofmoderntimes.

Inthisnewhistoricalperiod,theessenceoftheChineseDreamistomakeourcountryprosperousandstrong,revitalizethenationandmakethepeoplelivebetterlives.Ourobjectivesaretodoublethe2010GDPandpercapitaincomeofurbanandruralresidents,andcompletethebuildingofamoderatelyprosperoussociety in all respectsby2020.Bymid-century,weaim tobuildChina into amodern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturallyadvancedandharmonious,andrealize theChineseDreamof thegreat renewaloftheChinesenation.

TorealizetheChineseDream,wemustadheretothepathofsocialismwithChinese characteristics. We have followed this path for over 30 years, andhistory has shown us that this is the correct path that suits China’s nationalconditions, a path thatmakes the people rich and the country strong.Wewillfirmlycontinuealongthispath.

To realize theChineseDream,wemust carry forward theChinese spirit.Weneedtousethenationalspiritofpatriotismandspiritofthetimescenteredon reform and innovation to bring forth the vigor and vitality of the wholenation.

TorealizetheChineseDream,wemustbuildupcohesivestrength.Emptytalkharms thecountry,whilehardworkmakes it flourish.Weneed touse the

wisdomandstrengthofourcountry’s1.3billionpeopletobuildastrongChinaand a prosperous nation with the constant efforts of the Chinese people forgenerationstocome.

TorealizetheChineseDream,wemustpursuepeacefuldevelopment.Wewillalwaysfollowthepathofpeacefuldevelopmentandpursueanopening-upstrategy that brings mutual benefits. We will concentrate both on China’sdevelopment and on our responsibilities and contributions to the world as awhole.WewillbringbenefitstoboththeChinesepeopleandthepeopleoftherest of the world. The realization of the Chinese Dreamwill bring the worldpeace,notturmoil,opportunities,notthreats.

Although there isavastoceanbetweenChinaandLatinAmerica,weareconnected heart and soul. We are bound together not only by profoundtraditional friendship and close interests, but also by our common pursuit ofbeautifuldreams.

InrecentyearsLatinAmericanandCaribbeancountrieshavemadesteadyprogress in achieving common development through joint efforts. Theestablishmentof theCommunityofLatinAmericanandCaribbeanStatesfullytestifiestothevigorouseffortsmadebyLatinAmericaandthecountriesoftheCaribbeantorealizethedreamofunity,coordinationandcommondevelopmentchampionedbythepioneersoftheLatinAmericanandCaribbeanindependencemovements.

ChinaisreadytoworkwithLatinAmericanandCaribbeancountrieshandin hand, supporting one another and cooperating sincerely on the path torealizingthegreatdreamofdevelopmentandprosperity.

RightTimetoInnovateandMakeDreamsComeTrue*

October21,2013

*PartofthespeechatthecentenarycelebrationoftheWesternReturnedScholarsAssociation[1].

Completingthebuildingofamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects,accelerating socialist modernization and achieving China’s great rejuvenation,this is a glorious causewith a bright and splendid future.All peoplewho arededicated to this worthy cause can expect to accomplish great deeds. Withhundreds of millions of fellow Chinese marching in their ranks, the Chinesestudentsandscholarsstudyingabroadaredecidingthat this is theright timetoinnovate and make their life-long dreams come true. You are called upon tointegrateyourpatrioticlove,youraspirationtomakethecountrystrongandyouractions to serve it, and link your dreams with the stupendous efforts of yourfellowcountrymentoturntheChineseDreamintoreality,andbydoingsohaveyournamesrecordedintheannalsofChina’sgreatrenewal.

HereIwouldlike toproposefourpointsasmyhopeforChinesestudentsandscholarsstudyingabroad.

First, I hopeyouwill adhere to patriotism.China’s history stretches overthousands of years, and patriotism has always been a stirring theme and apowerfulforceinspiringtheChineseofallethnicgroupstocarryonandexcel.Nomatterhow long the shadow itmaycast, the tree strikesdeep roots in soilforever. No matter where they are, Chinese students should always keep thehome country and its people in their hearts. Qian Xuesen[2] once said, “As aChinesescientist,Ilivetoservethepeople.IhopethepeoplearesatisfiedwiththeworkIhavedoneinmylifetime.Theirapprovalwillbemyhighestreward.”

Ihopethatyouwillcarryforwardtheglorioustraditionofstudyinghardtoservethecountryandbedefendersandmessengersofpatriotism,alwaysbearinginmindtheidealof“beingthefirsttoworryabouttheaffairsofthestateandthelasttoenjoyoneself,”[3]alwaystakingthewell-beingofthecountry,thenation

andthepeopleasthegoalofyourendeavors,andwillinglyassociatingthefruitsof personal success with the evergreen tree of patriotism. The Party and thecountryrespectthechoiceyoumake.Ifyoudecidetoreturn,wewillwelcomeyouwithopenarms.Ifyoudecidetostayabroad,wewillsupportyouinservingthecountryinvariousways.AllofyoushouldrememberthatwhereveryouareyouareamemberoftheChinesefamily;thecountryandthepeoplebackhomealwayscareabouttheirsonsanddaughters,andyourhomelandisalwaysawarmspirituallandforyou.

Second,Ihopeyouwillstudyhard.Learningisalastingthemeforonetoconductoneselfinlifeandsociety.Itisalsoanimportantbasisforonetoserveone’s country and people. A dream starts with learning, and careers withpractice. In theworld today, knowledge and information are quickly updated,andifoneslackensevenalittleinstudy,oneislikelytofallbehind.Somesaythat the world is a circle for everyone, with the amount of knowledge as theradius.Hewhohasabiggerradiushasabroaderscopetoactwithin.

Ihopethatyouwillorientyourselvestomodernization,tothewholeworldand to the future, and aim tobroadenyour knowledge in advancedknowhow,technologiesandmanagementexpertise.YoushouldkeeptheperseveranceanddiligenceinreadingasrelatedinstoriesofConfucius[4],SunJingandSuQin[5],KuangHeng[6],andCheYinandSunKang[7].Youshouldlearnbyreadingandfrom other people’s practical experiences with equal devotion, temper yourmoral character, and make yourselves competent and well-versed in genuineskills. Thosewho have completed their study programs need to broaden theirhorizon, renew their knowledge promptly, improve their knowledge structure,and make themselves outstanding talented people capable of assuming heavyresponsibilitiesandaccomplishinggreatdeeds.

Third, Ihopeyouwillbemore innovativeandcreative. Innovation is thesoul of a nation’s progress, the inexhaustible force enhancing a country’sprosperity,andindeedtheprofoundendowmentof theChinesenation.Againstthe backdrop of international competition, only thosewho innovate canmakeprogress,growstrongerandprevail.Studentsandscholarsstudyingabroadhaveabroadvision,and theyought to take the lead inmaking innovations.China’sreform, opening-up andmodernization drive provide all ambitious pioneers ofinnovationwithawidestageforsuccess.

Ihopeyouwill throwyourselves into extensive effortsof innovationandcreation,anddaretoleadthewayforwardwithvision,courageandstamina,sothat you can succeed in making breakthroughs and achievements. Trying toaccomplish something inChina,onemust setoneself firmlyon the soilof thehomecountry,keepinmindtheexpectationsofthepeople,correctlyidentifythepoint where one’s professional strength and the needs of social developmentconvergeandwhereadvancedknowledgeandChina’sconditionsmeet.Onlyinthiswaycaninnovationandcreativitysucceedanddeliverrealbenefits.

Fourth,Ihopeyouwillworkfordynamicexchangeswithothercountries.Chinacannotdevelopwithouttherestoftheworld;norcantheworldasawholeprosper without China. We must open still wider to the outside world,strengthening our connectivity and interaction with it, and enhancing ourunderstanding and friendship with other peoples. Growing up in China andliving overseas extensively, you have been steeped in inter-personalrelationships and cross-cultural communications.Many foreigners have got toknowChina through youwhilemanyChinese have learned about the outsideworldalsothroughyou.

Ihopeyouwillmakefulluseofyouradvantagestostrengthenconnectionsand exchanges between China and other countries, acting as unofficialambassadors to promote people-to-people friendship, and explaining China’sculture, history and points of view in such a way that the people from othercountriescanunderstandandidentifywithChina,andbereadytogiveitgreaterappreciationandsupport.

Founded 100 years agowhen the survival of the nationwas at stake, theWestern Returned Scholars Association practiced patriotism by organizing itsmemberstoparticipateinpatrioticanddemocraticmovementsandjointhecausefornationalsalvationandpeople’sliberation,thusbecomingafamouspatrioticassociationfordemocracyandscienceatthattime.AfterthePeople’sRepublicwas founded in 1949, theAssociation became a progressive association undertheleadershipofthePartyandgovernmentbyvigorouslyencouragingthereturnofChinesestudentsabroad.SincethebeginningofChina’sreformandopeningup, the Association has energetically carried out the “serve the countryprogram,” making itself a people’s organization dedicated to socialism withChinesecharacteristics.In2003,withapprovalfromthecentralauthorities, theAssociation was given an additional name – the Chinese Overseas-educated

ScholarsAssociation–withitsscopeofoperationexpandedtocovertheentirecountryanditsmembersspreadingallovertheworld.Itsinfluenceasapeople’sorganizationhasthusbecomemoreextensive.

Facing a new situation and new tasks, the Western Returned ScholarsAssociationandChineseOverseas-educatedScholarsAssociationmustgivefullplaytoitsadvantagesasapeople’sorganizationandunitedfrontwithprominentintellectualsasitsmembers,basedinChinawhilereachingoutoverseastoturnitselfintoatalentpoolintheserviceofthecountry,athinktankofgoodideasand proposals and a vital force in people-to-people diplomacy; and strive tobecomeabridgebetween theParty and theoverseas students and scholars, anassistant in thework of the Party and government towards them, and awarmhome to rally overseas students and scholars closely around the Party. TheAssociationshouldcareforthework,studyandlifeofoverseasChinesestudentsand scholars, reflect their wishes and views, protect their lawful rights andinterests,andconstantlyenhancetheAssociation’sappealandcohesion.

“Exaltation of the virtuous is fundamental to governance.”[8] Partycommittees and governments at all levelsmust earnestly implement Party andgovernmentpoliciesconcerningstudentsandscholarsstudyingabroad,andtrainmoreeffectivelyandonalargerscaleallkindsoftalentedpeoplebadlyneededbyourreform,openingupandmodernization.Whentheenvironmentissound,talentedpeoplewill gather, andour causewill thrive; butwhen it is not, theywill go their separate ways, and our cause will fail. We must improve ourworking mechanisms, and enhance the awareness of service, strengtheneducationandguidance,buildmoreplatformsofinnovation,begoodatfinding,uniting with and using talented people, and help bring forth people of highcaliberbycreatinganenvironmentfavorableforthestudentstoreturnandserveChina, and in general to realize their potential. We should support theAssociationinitsworkbystrengtheningitsorganization,improvingitsworkingapparatus and personnel, and providing the necessary conditions for itsoperation.

In the course of its development and opening up,China needs stillmoreoverseastalentedpeopleandwelcomestheirarrivalwithopenarms.Emptytalkharmsthecountry,whilehardworkmakesitflourish.Weareconvincedthataslongasstudentsandscholarsstudyingabroadrememberthisandchoosetostand

andworkwiththepeople,theywillsurelywriteabrilliantpageinthebookofthe ChineseDream, a page that is worthy of our times, of our people and ofhistory.

Notes

[1]TheWesternReturnedScholarsAssociationwasfoundedinOctober1913.ItisavoluntarygroupcomposedofChinesescholarswhohavereturnedtoChinaafterstudyingoverseas.In2003itwasgiventheadditionalnameoftheChineseOverseas-educatedScholarsAssociation.

[2]QianXuesen(1911-2009)went tostudyintheUnitedStates in1935,andreturnedtoChinain1955. He served as viceminister of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry forNationalDefenseandpresidentoftheChinaAssociationforScienceandTechnology.Hewasdirectlyinvolvedinthe organization and guidance of the research and development of China’s carrier rockets,missiles andsatellites,andmadeanoutstandingcontributiontoChina’sspacedevelopment.

[3] Fan Zhongyan: The Yueyang Tower. Fan Zhongyan (989-1052) was a statesman and literaryscholaroftheNorthernSongDynasty(960-1127).

[4]Confucius is said to have readTheBook ofChanges (Yi Jing) somany times that the leatherstringsbindingthebambooslipsuponwhichthebookwaswrittenbrokethreetimes.

[5]SunJingoftheHanDynasty(206BC-AD220)lovedreading.Hetiedhishairtoaroofbeamtopreventhimselffromfallingasleepwhenreading.SuQinoftheWarringStatesPeriod(475-221BC)pokedhimselfinthethighwithanawltokeephimfromdroppingoffwhenstudyingatnight.Thesestoriesareusedtodescribestudiouspersons.

[6]KuangHengoftheHanDynastystudiedhardwhenyoung,buthecouldnotaffordcandles.Soheboredaholeinawall tomakeuseofaneighbor’s light tostudyby.Thismetaphorisusedtodescribeastudiousperson.

[7]CheYinoftheEasternJinDynasty(317-420)wastoopoortoaffordlampoil.Hecaughtdozensoffirefliesandplacedtheminabagmadeofthinwhiteclothsothathecouldstudybytheirlightatnight.SunKangoftheSouthernDynasties(420-589)couldnotaffordcandles,sohehadtoreadbythereflectedlightfromsnowonwinternights.Thesestoriesareusedtodescribestudiouspersons.

[8]MoZi,acollectionofworksoftheMohistschoolofthought.

TheRejuvenationoftheChineseNationIsaDreamSharedbyAllChinese*

June6,2014

*Main points of the speech to representatives attending theSeventhConference of Friendship ofOverseasChineseAssociations.

ForChinesepeoplebothathomeandabroad,aunitedChinesenationisourshared root, the profound Chinese culture is our shared soul, and therejuvenationoftheChinesenationisourshareddream.Thesharedrootfosterseternalbrotherhood,thesharedsoullinksourhearts,andtheshareddreamholdsus all together – we will go on to write a new chapter in the history of theChinesenation.

WeChineseoften say, “Youreyesbrimwith tearswhenyouencounterafellowtownsmaninadistantland.”Itmakesmefeelathometomeetyoutoday.On behalf of the CPC and the State Council, I would like to extend mycongratulations to the convening of the Seventh Conference of Friendship ofOverseas Chinese Associations, my warm welcome to overseas Chineseattendingtheconference,andmysinceregreetingstooverseasChineseallovertheworld.

ThetensofmillionsofoverseasChineseacrosstheworldareallmembersoftheChinesefamily.InthebestofChinesetraditions,generationsofoverseasChinese never forget their home country, their origins, or the blood of theChinesenationflowingintheirveins.Theyhavegiventheirenthusiasticsupportto China’s revolution, construction and reform. They have made a majorcontributiontothegrowthoftheChinesenation,tothepeacefulreunificationofthemotherland,andtothefriendlypeople-to-peoplecooperationbetweenChinaandothercountries.Theircontributionwillalwaysberemembered.

At present, theChinese people are striving to realize the TwoCentenaryGoals and the Chinese Dream of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.OverseasChinesewillplayanessentialroleinthisprocess.TheChineseDream

isadreamofthecountry, thenationaswellasallChineseindividuals.Withastrong sense of patriotism, economic strength, rich intellectual resources, andextensive business connections, overseas Chinese constitute a major force forrealizing theChineseDream.As longasallChinesebothathomeandabroaduniteasoneandcontributewhatevertheycan,beitstrengthorintelligence,theycanmarshalgreatpowerforrealizingthisdream.

Chinese civilization, with a history going back more than 5,000 years,providesstrongintellectualsupportforthecountry’sceaselessself-improvementandgrowth.NomatterwhereaChineseis,healwaysbearsthedistinctivebrandof the Chinese culture, which is the common heritage of all the sons anddaughtersofChina. IhopeallChinesewill continue to carry forwardChinesecultureanddrawstrengthfromit,whilepromotingexchangesbetweenChinesecivilization and other civilizations. Let us tell the stories of China well, andmakeourvoicesheard;letuspromotemutualunderstandingbetweenthepeopleofourowncountryandthoseofotherlands,andcreateabetterenvironmentforachievingtheChineseDream.

TheChineseDreamisadesireforhappiness,similar tothedreamsofthepeople of other countries. The people can attain happiness only when theircountryandnationthrive.Chinawillthriveonlywhentheworldprospers.Chinaprovidespositiveenergyforworldprosperityanddevelopmentbyholdingtothepathofpeacefuldevelopment.OverseasChinese should take full advantageoftheir strengths and their circumstances to serve as a bridge for wide-rangingexchangesandcooperationbetweenChinaandtheirnewhomecountries.Theyshouldbetterintegratethemselvesintotheirlocalcommunitiesandcontributetoworldpeaceanddevelopment.

All-roundandDeeper-levelReform

ReformandOpeningupIsAlwaysOngoingandWillNeverEnd*

December31,2012

*MainpointsofthespeechatthesecondgroupstudysessionofthePoliticalBureauofthe18thCPCCentralCommitteewhichXipresidedover.

Reformandopeningupisalong-termandarduouscause,andpeopleneedtoworkonitgenerationaftergeneration.Weshouldcarryoutreformtoimprovethe socialistmarket economyofChina, andadhere to thebasic statepolicyofopening up to the outsideworld.Wemust further reform in key sectorswithgreater political courage and vision, and forge ahead steadily in the directiondeterminedbytheParty’s18thNationalCongress.

Thepast,thepresent,andthefutureareallinterconnected.Historyisaboutthepast,whilethepresent is thehistoryof thefuture.Toimplementthemajorpropositionsonreformandopeningupraisedatthe18thNationalCongress,weneedtoreviewreformandopeningup,betterunderstanditshistoricalnecessity,conscientiously master its laws, and firmly assume the responsibility ofextendingit.

Wemustreviewandapplytheusefulexperiencewehavegainedinreformandopeningup.

First,reformandopeningupisanin-depthrevolution,andwemustfollowthe correct direction and stay on the correct path. Regarding the issue ofdirection,wemustkeepacoolhead.Ourdirection is tocontinuouslypromotethe self-improvement and development of the socialist system, and strideforwardwithresolveonthepathofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.

Second, reform and opening up is a cause that has never before beenpursued. We must adopt the right methods and advance this cause throughcontinuousexplorationandpractice.Wadingacross theriverbyfeelingfor thestones is a reform method with Chinese characteristics and in line with theprevailingconditionsinChina.Wadingacrosstheriverbyfeelingforthestones,

wecanidentifythelawsthatapply,andacquireknowledgeinpractice.Wadingacrosstheriverbyfeelingforthestonesandtop-leveldesignaretwocomponentfactors for our reform effort. Reform and opening up in a region at a certainstage should be subject to top-level design; top-level design should bestrengthenedonthebasisofprogressivereformandopeningupintheregionatacertain stage. To continue reform and opening up, we need to strengthen ourmacroscopic thinking and top-level design, and make sure that reform issystematic, integrated and coordinated. At the same time, we must stillencourageboldexperimentsandbreakthroughs.

Third, reform and opening up is a systematic project, which should bepushedforwardinanall-roundwaywithallkindsofreformswellcoordinated.Reformandopeningupisanin-depthandall-roundsocialtransformation.Everyreformwill have great impact on other reforms, and all reforms support eachother and interact positively. We will promote both all-round progress andbreakthroughsatkeypoints,andformastrongforceforthefurtheradvanceofreformandopeningup.

Fourth, stability is a prerequisite for reform and development. We mustmake sure that reform, development and stability proceed in tandem. Socialstabilitymakesitpossibleforustocarryoutreformanddevelopmentwhichinturn provide a solid foundation for social stability. We should take into fullconsideration the momentum of reform, the speed of development, and thecapacity of the general public to sustain change. And improvement of thepeople’swell-beingshouldberegardedasanimportantlinkinbalancingreform,developmentandstability.

Fifth, reform and opening up is a cause of theChinese people.Wemustrespect the people’s pioneering spirit and advance this cause under theleadership of the Party. Every breakthrough and step forward in theory andpractice thatwemake in thiscausecomesfromtheexperienceandwisdomofthepeople,sodoeseverynewthingwebringintobeinganddevelop,andeveryexperience we gain. The more arduous the task of balancing reform,development and stability, the more we need to strengthen and improve theParty’sleadershipandmaintainclosetiesbetweenthePartyandthepeople.Weshouldbeadeptinformulatingandimplementingsoundguidelinesandpoliciesandusethemtodirectthepeopleforward,andbegoodatimprovingourpoliciesthrough the work and experience of the people and their demands for

development.Wemust ensure thatmore fruits of reformanddevelopment areshared by the people in a fairer way, and secure solid popular support forcontinuingreformandopeningup.

Reform and opening up is always an ongoing task and will never end.Withoutreformandopeningup,Chinawouldnotbewhatitistoday,norwouldit have the prospects for a brighter future. Problems occurring in reform andopening up can only be solved through reform and opening up. To advancereformandopeningup,wemust carryout theguidelinesof the18thNationalCongress, and follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the importantthoughtoftheThreeRepresentsandtheScientificOutlookonDevelopment.Inresponse to thecallof thepeopleand theirexpectationsforfurtherreformandopening up, we should build a social consensus, and promote reforms in allsectorsinacoordinatedway.

ExplanatoryNotestothe“DecisionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonSomeMajorIssuesConcerning

ComprehensivelyContinuingtheReform”*

November9,2013

*ExplanatorynotesmadetotheThirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommittee.

On behalf of the Political Bureau of the PartyCentral Committee, Iwillnowexplain to theplenary session the “Decisionof theCentralCommitteeofthe Communist Party of China on Some Major Issues ConcerningComprehensivelyContinuingtheReform.”

I.TheDraftingProcessoftheDecision

Sincethereformandopening-upinitiativewasintroducedin1978thethirdplenarysessionsofpastCPCcentralcommitteeshaveprovidedthepublicwithimportant information for judging thegovernancepolicyand focusof thenewgenerationsofPartyleadership.Thediscussiontopics,decisionsmade,measurestotake,andsignalsreleasedboregreatsignificancefor theParty’sworkinthefivetotenyearsfollowingtheplenarysessions.

AftertheParty’s18thNationalCongress,theCentralCommitteesetouttodeterminethetopicsfordiscussionattheThirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommittee.The18thNationalCongressset thegoalofcompletingthebuilding of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and continuingreform and opening up, and emphasized that the Party must, with greaterpolitical courage and wisdom, lose no time in continuing the reform in keysectors, and resolutely discard all notions and systems that hinder efforts topursuesustainabledevelopment.ItalsopointedoutthatthePartyshouldsetupawell-developed, standardized and effective framework of systems, and ensurethat operating institutions in all sectors are fully functioning. To achieve thestrategicgoalsandcarryouttheplanssetatthe18thNationalCongress,wemustlosenotimeinpromotingreformcomprehensively.

Thirty-fiveyearshavepassedsincethePartymadethehistoricdecisionofshifting the focusof theworkof thePartyandstate toeconomicdevelopmentand initiating the reformandopening-updriveat theThirdPlenarySessionofthe 11th CPC Central Committee[1]. The propelling force behind theimprovement of the Chinese people’s life, the advancement of our socialistcountry,theprogressofourParty,andthefactthatChinahasgainedimportantinternational status is no other than our perseverance in carrying forward thereformandopening-updrive.

DuringhisinspectiontouroftheSouthin1992,DengXiaopingsaid,“Ifwedidnotadheretosocialism,implementthepolicyofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,develop theeconomyand raise living standards,wewould findourselves in a blind alley.”[2] Today, in retrospect, we have a betterunderstandingofhisremarks.Thisiswhy,aswearewellaware,onlysocialismcansaveChina,andonlyreformandopeningupcandevelopChina,socialismandMarxism.

In light of the historical lessons we have learned and the needs of thecurrent times, thePartyCentralCommitteehasbeen repeatedly stressingsinceits18thNationalCongressthatreformandopeningupplaysthedecisiveroleindeterminingthedestinyofcontemporaryChina.ItisalsothekeytorealizingtheTwoCentenaryGoals and the great rejuvenation of theChinese nation.Therearenoboundstopracticeanddevelopment,tofreeingthepeople’sminds,ortothereformandopening-upeffort.Wewillreachanimpasseifwestallorgointoreverse on our path; reform and opening up is always ongoing andwill neverend. Facing the new situation and new tasks, we must continue the reformcomprehensively to strive for solutions to the major problems challengingChina’s development, and work tirelessly to promote the improvement andprogressofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.

As extensive and profound changes are taking place domestically andinternationally,China’sdevelopmentfacesaseriesofprominentdilemmasandchallenges,andtherearequiteanumberofproblemsanddifficultiesonitspathof development: Unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable developmentremainsabigproblem.Weareweakinscientificandtechnologicalinnovation.Theindustrialstructureisunbalancedandthegrowthmoderemainsinefficient.Thedevelopmentgapbetweenurbanandruralareasandbetweenregionsisstill

large,andsoare incomedisparities.Socialproblemsaremarkedlyon the rise.There are many problems affecting the people’s immediate interests ineducation, employment, social security, health care, housing, the ecologicalenvironment, food and drug safety, workplace safety, public security, lawenforcement, administration of justice, etc. Some people still lead hard lives.Formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism and extravagance are serious problems.Some sectors are prone to corruption and other types of misconduct, and thefight against corruption remains a serious challenge for us. To solve theseproblems,thekeyliesincontinuingthereform.

In April this year, after deep thinking and research, and after solicitingopinions extensively both inside and outside the Party, the CPC CentralCommittee’s Political Bureau decided that continuing the reformcomprehensivelywouldbethecentral topicfordiscussionat theThirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommitteeandthatthesessionwouldcomeupwithadecision.

OnApril20 theCPCCentralCommittee issued the“NoticeonSolicitingOpinions on Continuing the Reform Comprehensively for Discussion at theThirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommittee.”Itwasunanimouslyagreedbyallregionsanddepartmentsthatbyselectingthistopicfordiscussionat thesession, thePartyansweredthecallsof thePartymembers,officialsandcommonpeopleinanefforttoaddresstheissuesthatareofmostconcerntothewholeofsociety.Thepublicshowedwidespreadsupportforthedecision.

All the third plenary sessions of the CPC Central Committees convenedsincethereformandopening-upinitiativewasintroducedin1978havefocusedonthediscussionofhowtocontinuethereform,sendinganimportantsignalthatourPartywillunswervinglyupholdreformandopeningup,andfirmlyadheretothetheories,guidelinesandpoliciesputforthsincetheThirdPlenarySessionofthe11thPartyCentralCommittee.Inaword,itistoanswerthequestionofwhatbannertoholdandwhatpathtotakeinthenewhistoricalconditions.

Continuing the reform comprehensively as the central topic at the ThirdPlenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was an importantproclamationmadebyourParty,whichwellreflectstheCPC’sadherencetotheguidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of the ThreeRepresentsand theScientificOutlookonDevelopment. In thenewconditions,

the Party is unswervingly implementing its basic guidelines and politicalprogram, learning from its past experiences and meeting its fundamentalrequirements,andfirmlyupholdingreformandopeningup.

Afterthetopicwasdecidedupon,thePoliticalBureauoftheCPCCentralCommittee set up a drafting group for the Decision of the plenary session. Iserved as the head of the group, with Liu Yunshan[3] and Zhang Gaoli[4] asdeputy heads. Persons in charge of related departments and leaders of someprovincesandmunicipalitiesalsotookpart.ThedraftingworkwasoverseenbytheStandingCommitteeofthePoliticalBureauoftheCPCCentralCommittee.

Over a periodof about sevenmonths following its founding, the draftinggroupextensivelysolicitedopinions,carriedoutappraisalsof important topics,conducted investigations and researches, and held discussions and revised thedocument many times. During this period, three meetings of the StandingCommitteeofthePoliticalBureauandtwomeetingsofthePoliticalBureauwereheldtoreviewthedraftDecision.Thedraftwasalsocirculatedamongacertainnumber of Party members and retired Party officials for their suggestions.Opinionswerealsoheardfromthecentralcommitteesofotherpoliticalparties,heads of theAll-China Federation of Industry andCommerce and individualswithnopartyaffiliation.

Thefeedbackshowedthatallconsultedgroupsandindividualshadreachedthe consensus that the Decision offers an in-depth analysis of the key issueschallenging China’s reform, development and stability both in theory andpractice, and expounds on the significance of continuing the reformcomprehensively and the future of our reform. It sets forth the guidelines forcontinuing the reform comprehensively, as well as the goals, tasks andunderlying principles; it delineates a new blueprint for the reform effort, andenvisions the new targetswith vigor; it includes the new thoughts, judgmentsandmeasuresforcontinuingthereformcomprehensively,andreflectsthecalls,appealsandaspirationsofsociety;anditepitomizestheParty’sandthegeneralpublic’s political consensus and wisdom in action to continue the reformcomprehensively.

A consensus was reached among all groups and individuals that theDecision laysout abalancedplan for the strategickeyareas in continuing thereform comprehensively, with prioritized goals and focal points. It also

introduces the working mechanism, methods of implementation, and thetimetable and road map for the reform plan, making a series of majorbreakthroughs in the theories and policies guiding the reform effort. It onceagainmakesoverallplansforcontinuingthereformcomprehensively,servingasa generalmobilization for the nation to take action.TheDecision is bound toexertasignificantandfar-reachinginfluenceonthedevelopmentofthesocialistcausewithChinesecharacteristics.

In the course of soliciting opinions, people from all sides offered manyvaluableideasandsuggestions.Withcarefulstudyanddiscussionoftheseideasand suggestions within the drafting group, as instructed by the Party CentralCommittee,importantrevisionsweremadetotheDecision.

II.TheGeneralFrameworkandKeyIssuesoftheDecision

ThePoliticalBureauof thePartyCentralCommitteebelieves that, facingthe new situation with new tasks and new requirements, China must takecomprehensive measures to continue its reform. To do this, the key lies infurther developing an environment for fair competition, further invigoratingeconomicandsocialgrowth,furtherenhancingtheefficiencyofthegovernment,furtherachievingsocial equalityand justice, furtherpromotingsocialharmonyandstability,andfurtherimprovingtheParty’sleadershipandgovernance.

Tocarryout these resolutions, itmustbestressed thatweshouldbe fullyawareofourproblems, focuson thekey issues for further studyand research,and strive to solve the major dilemmas and problems challenging ourdevelopment.As theCPC has fought itsway through revolution, constructionandreform,itssoleaimhasalwaysbeentosolvetheproblemsofChina.Itisfairtosay thatexistingproblemsforceus to reform,andreformsaregoingdeeperwhileproblemsbeingtackledandsolved.

In the past 35 years we have overcome many problems hindering thedevelopment of the Party and the state through reform. But new problemsalways replace old ones during our course of exploration and transformation.Thisiswhyoursystemneedstobeconstantlyimproved,whyreformcannotbeaccomplished inonestrokeandwhywecannot restonour laurels indefinitelyonceexistingproblemsaresolved.

ThedraftDecisionstressedfivemajorconsiderations.One, ithadtomeetthenewrequirementsforthedevelopmentofthePartyandstate,andcarryoutthestrategic taskofcontinuing the reformcomprehensively,as set forthat theParty’s18thNationalCongress.Two,ithadtocenteronreformandforegroundthe newmeasures for continuing it comprehensively, leaving out general andrepetitivemeasures andmeasures solely for enhancing development. Three, ithad to address the key issues, properly dealwith the pressing concerns of thepeople, respond to their calls and aspirations, focus on important areas andcrucial segments,andhighlight the leading roleof the reformof theeconomicsystem in promoting development. Four, it had to take an active yet discreetattitude when designing the reform measures. Five, it had to plan the tasksaccording to the timetable,whichset forth thatby2020decisiveresultswouldhavebeenachievedinthereformofimportantareasandcrucialsegments.

The plenary session set as the framework of the Decision the importantissuesthatChinaneedstodealwith,andarrangedtheDecisionaccordingtoitsvariouspoints. In addition to theForewordandConclusion, there are16partsdivided into threemain sections.The first part is also the first sectionand theGeneralRemarks,whichmainlyelaboratesonthesignificance,guidingthoughtsand overall direction of continuing the reform comprehensively. Section twoconsists of Parts 2-15, introducing the arrangement of the main tasks andimportant measures for continuing the reform in six aspects – the economy,politics, culture, society, ecology and national defense/armed forces. Thedifferent aspects are arranged as follows:The economy fromPart 2 toPart 7,politicsfromPart8toPart10,cultureinPart11,societyfromPart12toPart13,ecology in Part 14, and national defense/armed forces in Part 15. Part 16composesthethirdsection,OrganizationalLeadership,whichmainlyelaborateson strengthening and improving the Party’s leadership in the course ofcontinuingthereformcomprehensively.

Here, I would like to explain the considerations of the CPC CentralCommitteeonthemajorissuesandkeymeasuresmentionedintheDecisionoftheThirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommittee.

First,allowing themarket toplay thedecisiverole inallocatingresourcesand letting the government perform its functions better. This is a majortheoretical proposition in the Decision, because the reform of the economicsystem is still the focus of continuing the reform comprehensively, and the

appropriatehandlingoftherelationshipbetweenthegovernmentandthemarketisstillthecoreissueofthereformoftheeconomicsystem.

In 1992 the Party’s 14th National Congress stipulated that China’seconomicreformaimedatestablishingasocialistmarketeconomy,allowingthemarket to play a basic role in allocating resources under statemacro control.ThiskeybreakthroughintheoryplayedanextremelyimportantroleinguidingChina’sreformandopening-upeffort,anditseconomicandsocialdevelopment.It also illustrated that theoretical innovation paves the way for innovation inpractice. To comprehensively continue the reform we must renew our theoryfirst.

After 20 years of practice a socialistmarket economy has been basicallyestablishedinChina.Buttherearestillmanyproblems.Themarketlacksorder,andmanypeopleseekeconomicbenefitsthroughunjustifiedmeans;themarketfor factors of production lags behind in development, unable to allocate thefactorsofproduction tomeet theeffectivedemand; the lackofunifiedmarketrules has resulted in rampant protectionism initiated by departments or localgovernments;andmarketcompetitionisnotgoodenoughtoselectthesuperiorandeliminate the inferior, and thus slowsdowneconomic restructuring. If leftunsolved, these problems will hinder the development of a sound socialistmarketeconomy.

Over the past two decades since the Party’s 14th National Congress wehave kept searching for a new positioning for the relationship between thegovernment and the market through practice and theoretical research. TheParty’s15thNationalCongressproposed that“themarketplaysabasicrole inallocating resources under state macro control,” the Party’s 16th NationalCongress proposed to “give fuller play to the basic role of the market inallocating resources,” theParty’s 17thNationalCongress sought to “introduceinstitutions to give better play to the basic role of the market in allocatingresources,” and the Party’s 18th National Congress stipulated that the Partyshould“leverage toagreater extent and inawider scope thebasic roleof themarketinallocatingresources.”Fromtheaboveprogressionitcanbeseenthatwehavebeenconstantlydeepeningourunderstandingofthegovernment-marketrelationship.

During the discussion and consultation sessions regarding the Decision,

many people suggested that the Party should further define the government-market relationship from a theoretical perspective, which would have greatsignificanceforcontinuingthereformcomprehensively.Withdueconsiderationtotheseopinionsandthecurrentcircumstances,andaftermuchdiscussionandresearch,thePartyCentralCommitteeagreedthatitwastimetointroduceanewtheoretical expression concerning this matter, and that the “basic role” of themarketinallocatingresourcesshouldberevisedtoa“decisiverole.”

We have now basically established a socialist market economy in ourcountry,withconsiderableimprovementinthedegreeofmarketization.Wehavegainedbetterknowledgeofthemarketrulesandenhancedourcapacitytouseitto our benefit, and have improved the macro-control system. With both thesubjectiveandobjectiveconditionsinplace,weshouldtakeanewstepforwardtoimproveoursocialistmarketeconomy.

Tofurtherbalancetherelationshipbetweenthegovernmentandthemarketwe need to decidewhich of the two is to play the decisive role in allocatingresources. To boost the economy we must enhance the efficiency of theallocation of resources, especially that of scarce resources, so thatwe can usefewerresourcestomakemoreproductsandgainmorebenefits.Boththeoryandpracticehaveproved that theallocationof resourcesby themarket is themosteffectivemeanstothisend.It isageneralruleof themarketeconomythat themarketdecidestheallocationofresources,andamarketeconomyinessenceisoneinwhichthemarketdeterminesresourceallocation.Wehavetofollowthisrulewhenweimprovethesocialistmarketeconomy.Weshouldworkhardertoaddresstheproblemsofmarketimperfection,toomuchgovernmentinterferenceand lack of oversight. Positioning the market as playing a “decisive role” inresource allocation is conducive to establishing the correct notion of thegovernment-marketrelationshipinthewholePartyandthewholeofsociety,andconducive to transforming the economic growth pattern and governmentfunctions,aswellasreiningincorruptionandotherformsofmisconduct.

Ourmarketeconomyissocialist,ofcourse.Weneedtogiveleveragetothesuperiority of our socialist system, and let the Party and government performtheirpositivefunctions.Themarketplaysadecisiveroleinallocatingresources,butisnotthesoleactorinthisregard.

Todevelopthesocialistmarketeconomy,leverageshouldbegiventoboth

themarketandthegovernment,withdifferentiatedfunctions.TheDecisionputforth clear requirements for improving the functions of the government,emphasizing that scientific macro control and effective governance are theintrinsicrequirementsforgivingmoreleveragetotheadvantagesofthesocialistmarketeconomy.TheDecisionalsomakesplansfor improvingmacrocontrol,correctly performing government functions in all areas, and improving theorganizationofgovernment. It stresses that themain responsibilityand roleofthegovernmentistomaintainthestabilityofthemacroeconomy,strengthenandimprove public services, ensure fair competition, strengthenmarket oversight,maintain market order, promote sustainable development and commonprosperity,andinterveneinsituationswheremarketfailureoccurs.

Second,adhering toand improving thebasiceconomicsystem.ThebasiceconomicsystemwithpublicownershipplayingaleadingroleandallformsofownershipgrowingsidebysideisanimportantpillarofthesocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristics.

Since the introduction of the reform and opening-up policy in 1978 thestructure of ownership has undergone gradual adjustment,with theweights ofthepublicandnon-publicsectorschangingintheircontributiontotheeconomyandemployment.Theeconomyand societyhavegrownmorevigorousduringthis process. In such conditions, how to better recognize the leading role ofpublic ownership and stick to this position and how to further explore theeffectiveformsformaterializingthebasiceconomicsystemhavebecomemajortopicsforus.

ItisemphasizedintheDecisionthatwemustunswervinglyconsolidateanddevelopthepubliceconomy,persistintheleadingroleofpublicownership,givefull play to the leading role of the state-owned economy, and incessantlyincreaseitsvitality,leveragingpowerandimpact.

AdheringtoandfurtheringtherelevantdeliberationsmadesincetheParty’s15thNationalCongress,theDecisionproposestovigorouslydevelopthemixed-ownershipeconomy. It stresses that suchaneconomy,withcross-shareholdingby and integration of state-owned capital, collective capital and non-publiccapital, is important tomaterialize thebasiceconomicsystemofChina. Itwillhelp to improve the functionsof state-ownedcapital,maintainand increase itsvalue and raise its competitiveness. It is an effective channel and inevitable

choiceforustoadheretotheleadingroleofpublicownershipandimprovethevitality, leveraging power and impact of the state-owned economy in the newconditions.

TheDecision states thatChinawill improve the state assetsmanagementsystem, strengthen state assets oversightwith capitalmanagement at the core,and reform the authorized operationmechanism for state capital. State-ownedcapital investmentoperationsmust serve thestrategicgoalsof the state, investmore in key industries and areas that are vital to national security and are thelifebloodof theeconomy, focusonofferingpublicservices,develop importantand future-oriented strategic industries, protect the ecological environment,support scientific and technological progress, and guarantee national security.Thegovernmentwill transfer part of the state-owned capital to social securityfunds. We will increase the proportion of state-owned capital gains that areturnedovertothepublicfinance,tobeusedtoensureandimprovethepeople’slivelihood.

State-ownedenterprises(SOEs)constituteanimportantforceforadvancingmodernizationandprotectingthecommoninterestsofthepeople.ThroughmanyyearsofreformSOEshavebyandlargeassimilatedthemselvesintothemarketeconomy. At the same time, however, they have also found problems anddrawbacksintheirsystem,whichcallforfurtherreform.TheDecisionproposesa seriesof targeted reformmeasures:Wemust ensure that state-ownedcapitalincreases its input intopublic-service-orientedenterprises; innaturalmonopolyindustries inwhich state-owned capital continues to hold controlling interests,carry out a reform focusing on separation of government administration fromenterprise management, separation of government administration from stateassets management, franchise operation, and government oversight, separatenetwork ownership from operation, and deregulate control over competitivebusinesses in light of the conditions of different industries; improve thecorporategovernancestructuretoensuresmoothoperationandeffectivechecksandbalances;establishasystemofprofessionalmanagers,andgivebetterplayto the roleofbusiness executives; establisha long-term incentive-and-restraintmechanism, and strengthen investigations into the accountability of SOEoperationsandinvestment;andexplorewaystopublicizeimportantinformation,includingSOEfinancialbudgets.Moreover,SOEsshouldappropriatelyincreasetheproportionofmarket-basedrecruitment,andproperlydetermineandstrictly

regulate thesalarylevel,post-relatedbenefitsandexpensesaswellasbusinessspendingofSOEmanagerialpersonnel.ThesemeasureswillstimulateSOEstoimprovethemoderncorporatesystem,enhancetheiroperatingefficiency,betterfulfilltheirsocialobligationsandplayabetterroleintheeconomy.

We must adhere to the “two unswervinglys”[5] in order to continue andimproveourbasiceconomicsystem.TheDecisionproposesreformmeasuresonmultiple levels to encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector of the economy, and to stimulate its vigor and creativity. Onfunctional positioning, the Decision points out that both the public and non-publicsectorsareimportantcomponentsofthesocialistmarketeconomy,andanimportantbasisforChina’seconomicandsocialdevelopment.Ontheprotectionof property rights, theDecision points out that the property rights of both thepublicandnon-publicsectorsare inviolable.Onpolicy treatment, theDecisionstresses equal rights, equal opportunities and identical rules, and a unifiedmarket access system. The Decision encourages non-public enterprises toparticipateinthereformofSOEs,encouragesdevelopmentofmixed-ownershipenterprises in which private capital holds majority shares, and encouragesqualified private enterprises to establish amodern corporate system.All thesewill contribute to the healthy development of the non-public sector of theeconomy.

Third,continuingthereformofthefiscalandtaxationsystems.Financeisthefoundationandan importantpillarofnationalgovernance.Goodfiscalandtaxation systems are the institutional guarantee for improving resourceallocation, maintaining market unity, promoting social equity, and realizingenduring peace and stability. Developed on the basis of the tax distributionsystem[6] reforminitiated in1994, thecurrent fiscaland taxationsystemshaveplayedan important role in increasing thegovernment’s financial strengthandpromotingtherapidgrowthoftheeconomy.

As the situation changes, the current fiscal and taxation systems cannoteffectivelyrespondtotherequirementsfordividingpowersbetweenthecentraland local governments to improve national governance. They have laggedbehind our effort to transform the economic growth pattern and promote thesustainedandhealthydevelopmentoftheeconomyandsociety,andarecausingproblemsthathindereconomicandsocialdevelopment.

Reform of the fiscal and taxation systems is one of the key points incontinuing the reform comprehensively. The reform mainly includesimprovement of the budgeting and taxation systems, and establishment of asysteminwhichauthorityofofficematchesresponsibilityforexpenditure.

TheDecisionstipulates thatwewilladoptacomplete, standardized,openandtransparentbudgetsystem,andappropriatelyincreasetheauthorityofofficeand responsibility of expenditure of the central government, including thoseconcerning national defense, foreign affairs, national security, and unifiednationalmarketrulesandmanagement.Theauthorityofofficeoversomesocialsecurityprograms,andtheconstructionandmaintenanceofmajortrans-regionalprojectswillbesharedbythecentralandlocalgovernments,andtheauthorityofoffice will be gradually clarified in this regard. The central government candelegatesomeexpenditureresponsibilitiestolocalgovernmentsthroughtransferpayments.Intermsoftrans-regionalpublicserviceswithgreatimpactsonotherregions, the central government will shoulder some of the expenditureresponsibilitiesoflocalgovernmentsthroughtransferpayments.

Themainaimofthereformistoclearlydefineauthorityofoffice,reformthe taxation system, make tax burdens stable and budgets transparent, andincreaseefficiency.Italsoaimstoacceleratethedevelopmentofamodernfiscalsystemthat isconducivetothetransformationof theeconomicgrowthpattern,the establishment of a fair market under unified rules, and the promotion ofequalaccesstobasicpublicservices;developfiscalandtaxationsystemsthatarecompatiblewiththefinancialresourcesandauthorityofofficeofthecentralandlocal governments; and mobilize the initiative of both the central and localgovernments.

Reformofthefiscalandtaxationsystemsisastep-by-stepprocess,andwilltakesometimetocomplete.ThePartyCentralCommitteehasclearlystatedthatwemustmaintainthestabilityofthecurrentfinancialpatternsofthecentralandlocal governments, and further rationalize the division of revenues betweenthem.

Fourth, improving mechanisms and institutions for the integrateddevelopment of urban and rural areas. The unbalanced development betweenurban and rural areas is a serious problem hindering the development of oureconomyandsociety,amajorproblemwemustsolveinordertocompletethe

building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and acceleratesocialistmodernization.TremendouschangeshavetakenplaceinChina’sruralareas since the reform and opening-up policy was introduced in late 1978.However, the separate urban-rural structures have not changed fundamentally,and the widening gap between urban and rural development has not beenreversed. To solve these problems, we must push forward the integrateddevelopmentofurbanandruralareas.

TheDecisionstatesthatwemustimprovethemechanismsandinstitutionstoformnewrelationsbetweenindustryandagricultureandbetweenurbanandrural areas in which industry promotes agriculture, urban areas support ruraldevelopment,agricultureandindustrybenefiteachother,andthereisintegratedurbanandruraldevelopment,sothattheoverwhelmingmajorityoffarmerscanparticipateinthemodernizationprocessonanequalbasisandsharethefruitsofmodernization.

TheDecision proposes reformmeasures to improve themechanisms andinstitutions for the integrated development of urban and rural areas: One,acceleratingthebuildingofanewtypeofagriculturaloperationsystem.Wewillmaintainthefundamentalstatusoffamilyoperationinagriculture;encouragethetransferofcontractedland-userighttobig,specializedoperators,familyfarms,farmers’ cooperatives and agrobusinesses; encourage rural areas to developcooperativeeconomies; encourageandguide industrial andcommercial capitaltoinvestinruralareastodevelopmodernplantingandbreedingindustriessuitedto commercialized management; and allow farmers to develop industrializedoperationof agriculturebybecoming shareholdersusing their contracted land-use right, among othermeasures. Two, endowing farmerswithmore propertyrights.Wewillprotectfarmers’contractedland-userightbylaw,safeguardtherightsandinterestsoffarmersasmembersofcollectiveeconomicorganizations,ensure rural households’ usufruct of their homesteads, and select several pilotareas to steadily and prudently push forward the mortgage, guarantee andtransfer of farmers’ residential property rights. Three, promoting equalexchangesof factorsofproductionandbalancedallocationofpublic resourcesbetween urban and rural areas.Wewill ensuremigrantworkers receive equalpayforequalwork,andensurefarmersequallysharethegainsfromaddedvalueof land; improve the agricultural insurance system; encourage investment inrural development, and permit enterprises and social organizations to start all

kindsofundertakingsinruralareas;makeabalancedallocationofcompulsoryeducation resources between urban and rural areas, integrate the basic old-ageinsurance and health-care insurance systems of urban and rural residents, andimprovethebalanceddevelopmentoftheminimumlivingallowancesysteminboth urban and rural areas; and steadily make basic urban public servicesavailabletoallpermanentresidentsincities,andincorporatefarmerswhohavesettleddowninurbanareasintotheurbanhousingandsocialsecuritynetwork.

Fifth, promoting wide, multi-tiered and institutionalized consultativedemocracy.Consultativedemocracyisauniqueformanddistinctiveadvantageof China’s socialist democracy, and an important embodiment of the Party’smasslineinthepoliticalfield.Promotingconsultativedemocracyisconducivetoimprovingthepeople’sorderlyparticipationinpoliticalaffairs,strengtheningthe ties between the Party and the people, and promoting scientific anddemocraticdecision-making.

Promotingwide,multi-tiered and institutionalized consultativedemocracyisanimportantissueofpoliticalrestructuringasstipulatedintheDecision.TheDecision stresses that, under the leadership of the Party, China will promoteconsultation throughout society with regard to major issues of economic andsocial development, and practical issues closely related to the interests of thepeople, and adhere to the principle of consultation before policy-making andduringpolicyimplementation.Wewillbuildaconsultativedemocracyfeaturingappropriate procedures and complete segments to expand the consultationchannels covering organs of state power, committees of the Chinese People’sPolitical Consultative Conference (CPPCC), political parties, and community-levelandsocialorganizations;conductintensiveconsultationsonissuesrelatingto legislation, administration, democracy, political participation and socialproblems;givefullplaytotheimportantroleoftheunitedfront[7]inconsultativedemocracy, make the CPPCC serve as a major channel for conductingconsultativedemocracy,improvethesystemoftheCPPCC,specifythecontentsandproceduresforconsultation,diversifyformsofconsultativedemocracy,andmore actively carry out orderly consultations on particular issues with thoseworking on these issues, with representatives from all sectors of society, andwith the relevant government departments on the handling of proposals, andincreasethefrequencyofconsultationstoimprovetheireffectiveness.

Sixth,reformingthejudiciaryanditsoperationmechanism.Thejudiciaryisanimportantcomponentofthepoliticalsystem.Miscarriageofjusticehasbeenamajorconcernofthepeopleinrecentyears,andthejudiciarysuffersalackofcredibilitylargelyduetoitscurrentdefectivesystemandoperationmechanism,whichneedimprovement.

Judicial reform is one of the key points in continuing the reformcomprehensively. The Decision puts forward a series of new and relatedmeasures in the following aspects: reformof the judicialmanagement system,unification of the management of staff, funds and properties of courts andprocuratorates at and below the provincial level and exploration of ways toestablish a judicial jurisdiction system that is appropriately separated from theadministrativedivisions; improvementof themechanismfor theuseof judicialpower; improvement of the responsibility system for handling cases by thepresiding judge and the collegiate bench, by which the judges hand downverdicts and the collegiate bench is responsible for carrying them out; strictregulation of the procedures of sentence commutation, release on parole andmedical parole; improvement of themechanism for preventing and correctingwrongcasesandtheaccountabilitysystem,andstrictimplementationoftherulebanning illegal evidence; establishment of a system for settling complaintsinvolving lawviolations and lawsuitsmade in the formof letters andvisits inaccordancewiththelaw;andabolitionofthere-educationthroughlaborsystem,and improvement of laws for the punishment and correction of unlawful andcriminalacts.

These measures are of vital significance for ensuring that judicialdepartments independently exercise their judicial and procuratorial powersaccording to law, improving the judicialpoweroperationmechanism inwhichrights and responsibilities are clear, improving judicial transparency andcredibility,andsafeguardinghumanrights.

Seventh, improving leading and working mechanisms for anti-corruptionefforts.Fightingcorruptionhasalwaysbeenawidelydiscussedtopicinsideandoutside the Party.We are nowmainly challenged by the following problems:Anti-corruptionforcesperformingfunctionsseparatelymakesitdifficulttobuildup synergy; some cases are not dealt with resolutely; and the accountabilitysystemistoolaxtohandlereoccurringcorruptioncases.

TheDecisionlaysoutplansforpromotinginnovationintheanti-corruptionmechanisms and institutions, and strengthening institutional guarantees. Themainpointsare:strengtheningtheParty’sunifiedleadershiptobuildacleanandhonestgovernmentandcombatcorruption;ensuringthatPartycommitteesbearprimary responsibility and the commissions for discipline inspection take theresponsibility for oversight, and working out and implementing a feasibleaccountabilitysystem;improvingtheleadingandworkingmechanismsforanti-corruption efforts, reforming and improving the functions of anti-corruptioncoordination groups at all levels, and leaving the investigation of corruptioncases mainly to commissions for discipline inspection of higher levels;strengtheningtheleadershiproleofthehigherlevelsoverthelowerlevelsofthedisciplineinspectioncommissions,andthesimultaneousreportingoftherelatedinvestigation process to the Party committee at the same level and thecommissionfordisciplineinspectionatthenext-higherlevel;andfullyensuringthat the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection dispatches residentdiscipline inspectionagencies to thecentral-leveldepartmentsof thePartyandthe government, and improving the discipline inspection system at both thecentral and local levels, so that it coversall regions, all sectors, all enterprisesandallpublicinstitutions.

All these measures are based on past experience and the suggestions ofvariousgroupsandindividuals.

Eighth,acceleratingtheimprovementoftheleadershipforthemanagementoftheInternet.Cybersecurityandinformationsecuritybearonnationalsecurityandsocialstability,andposenewchallengesforusinmanyaspects.

Falling behind the rapid development of Internet technology andapplications, our current management of the Internet is seriously flawed andcannot function properly. Different administrative bodies engaged in multi-channel management of the Internet, overlapping functions and mismatchbetween powers and responsibilities – all these have led to inefficientmanagement. Also, as the Internet grows into a new form of the media, themanagement of this onlinemedium and the industry is lagging far behind thedevelopment of the business.With fast growth in the number of the users ofmicro-blogs, WeChat and other social network services and instantcommunicationtools,whichspreadinformationquicklyoverwideareasandcanmobilize large numbers of users, how to strengthen oversight within a legal

framework and guide public opinion and how to ensure the orderlydissemination of online information, while at the same time safeguardingnationalsecurityandsocialstability,havebecomepressingproblemsforus.

TheDecisionstipulates thatwemustadhere to theprinciplesofproactiveusage,well-planneddevelopment,managementinaccordancewiththelawandensuringsafetyinstrengtheningmanagementoftheInternetinaccordancewiththelaw,andacceleratingtheimprovementoftheleadershipforthemanagementof the Internet. The aim of this is to integrate the functions of the relateddepartments and form joint forces in themanagement of the Internet coveringboth technology and contents, and ranging from daily security to combatingcrimes,toensurecorrectandsafeInternetusage.

Ninth, establishing the National Security Commission. National securityandsocialstabilityformthebasisforfurtherreformandprogress.Currentlywearechallengedbypressurefromtwosources:Internationallywemustsafeguardstate sovereignty, national security and our development interests, anddomestically we need to maintain political and social stability. All kinds offoreseeableandunforeseeablerisksareincreasingsignificantly,butoursecuritysystem isnotgoodenough tomeet thedemandsof ensuringnational security.Weneedtoestablishastrongplatformtocoordinateournationalsecuritywork.For this purpose, establishing theNational SecurityCommission to strengthenunifiedleadershipofnationalsecurityatthecentrallevelhasbecomeanurgentmatter.

The main responsibilities of the National Security Commission are toformulate and implement national security strategy, promote national securitylegislation,designprinciplesandpoliciesfornationalsecuritywork,anddiscussandresolvekeyissuesconcerningnationalsecurity.

Tenth,improvingthecountry’snaturalresourcemanagementandoversightsystems. Improving the country’s natural resource management system is animportantreformfordevelopingthepropertyrightsystemfornaturalresources.It isalsotheintrinsicrequirementforbuildinganecologicallyfriendlycountrywithcompletesupportsystems.

Some of our major frustrations in ecological protection are caused byproblemsintheecologicalmanagementsystem.Oneproblemlies in thevague

conceptofownershipofnatural resourcesby thewholepeople,which leads toproblemsintheidentificationoftherightsandinterestsoftheowners.Tosolvethis problem, the Decision puts forth measures for improving the naturalresource management system. The guiding thoughts are: ensuring people’sproperty rights to natural resources according to the principle of separationbetween ownership andmanagement, one issue belonging to one department,andestablishingaunifiedresponsibilitymechanismforpeoplewhoactonbehalfofthepublictomanagepublicnaturalresourceassets.

There is a difference between the state’s exercise of power andmanagementoverthenaturalresourceassetsownedbythewholepeopleandthestate’ssupervisionandmanagementofthenaturalresourceswithinitsterritory.The former is the owner’s right, while the latter is the manager’s right. Thisrequiresus to improve the systemofoversightofnatural resources, and fulfillourdutiesas themanagersofour territorial space.Theownersof state-ownednatural resource assets and the managers of state natural resources must actindependently,whilecooperatingwithandsupervisingeachother.

Weneedtorealizethatourmountains,waters,forests,farmlandsandlakesforma livingcommunity.The lifelineof thepeoplecomes from the farmland,that of the farmland comes from thewater, that of thewater comes from themountain,thatofthemountaincomesfromtheearth,andthatoftheearthcomesfrom the tree. To control the exploitation of natural resources and restore theecosystem,wemustfollowthelawsofnature.Ifpeopleonlytendtotheirownresponsibilities, for example, growing trees, regulating rivers or protectingfarmlandinisolation,theyarepronetogaininginoneareaandlosinginanother,whicheventuallyleadstosystemicdestructionoftheecology.Therefore,itisoftheutmostimportancetoputonedepartmentinchargeoftheusageoftheentireterritoryofacountry,andcarryoutunifiedprotectionandrestorationprogramsforitsnaturalresources.

Eleventh, establishing the Leading Group for Continuing the ReformComprehensively under the CPC Central Committee. Continuing the reformcomprehensively is a complicated system engineering project, which requiresmore than one or several departments to carry out. Therefore, leadership at ahigherlevelshouldbeestablishedforthispurpose.

TheDecision stipulates that the Party Central Committee will set up the

Leading Group for Continuing the Reform Comprehensively. This is to givebetterplay to theParty’score functionas leaderhavingapictureof thewholesituationandaschiefcoordinatorofdifferentaspects,soastoensurethereformprogresses smoothly and the assigned tasks are implemented as planned. Themain responsibilities of this leading group are planning key national reforms,promotingcoordinatedreformsinvariousfields,coordinatingvariousforcesintoajointforceforreform,strengtheningsupervisionandoversight,andpromotingfullimplementationofthereform’saimandtasks.

III.SeveralMattersThatRequireAttentioninDiscussion

ThetaskofthisplenarysessionistodiscusstheguidingthoughtandplansforcontinuingthereformcomprehensivelyasproposedintheDecision.Forthediscussion,pleasebearthefollowinginmind:

First, we must be more confident and courageous in pushing forwardreform.ReformandopeningupisanewgreatrevolutionoftheChinesepeopleled by our Party in the new era. It is the most outstanding characteristic ofcontemporaryChina, and thedistinctive featureofourParty.WhathashelpedourPartyinspirethepeople,unifythemandpulltheirstrengthtogetheroverthepast 35 years?What have we been relying on to stimulate the creativity andvitalityofourpeople,realizerapideconomicandsocialdevelopmentandwinacompetitiveadvantageovercapitalism?Theanswerhasalwaysbeenreformandopeningup.

Looking to the future, there is no alternative to continuing reform andopening up if we are to solve all sorts of difficult problems hindering ourdevelopment,defuserisksandmeetchallengesinallaspects,givebetterplaytotheadvantagesofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andpromotethesteadyandhealthydevelopmentoftheeconomyandsociety.

At the current stage, close attention to our reform and opening-up drivecomes from insideandoutside thePartyand insideandoutside thecountryaswell.TheentirePartyandall sectorsof societyhavehighexpectations forus.Ourreformhascometoacritical juncture.Wemustnotwaver in theslightestdegreeincarryingoutreformandopeningup,andwemustcontinuetoupholdandfirmlyadhere to thecorrectpathofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.The whole Party must reaffirm our conviction to push forward reform with

greaterpoliticalcourageandwisdom,andstrongermeasuresandmethods.

Second,wemustcontinuetofreeourmindsandseektruthfromfacts.Tokeep our banner of reform and opening up flying high, we must also takepragmaticmeasuresoncewehaveastrongconviction.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. It is a strategic choice of theCPCCentralCommittee tomake overallplansforcontinuingthereformcomprehensivelyattheThirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommittee.Wemust take thisopportunity tomakenewbreakthroughs in our reform. For this to happen, we need to further free ourminds.

Tobreakdownthebarriersofoldnotionsandthefencesofinterestgroups,freeingthemindisthefirstandmostimportantstep.Often,theroadblocksinourmindsthathinderreformdonotcomefromoutsidethesystem,butfromwithin.If themind is not freedwe can hardly see the crux of our problemswith theinterestgroups,orpinpointthedirectionofourefforttobreakdownthebarriers.We will also find it difficult to come up with innovative reform measures.Therefore, we must have the courage and breadth of vision to seek self-improvement. We need to throw off the trammels of outdated ideas andovercome the constraints put in place by various departments for their owninterests,andproactivelyconductresearchandproposereformmeasures.

Before putting forth a reform measure, we must research and discuss itcarefully,butthisdoesnotmeanbeingovercautiousorhesitanttotryanythingnew. It is not possible to carry out reforms while keeping our current workpatternandoperationsystemintact,norisitpossibletodoitinarock-steadyorrisk-freemanner.Aslongaswehavedonethoroughresearchandappraisal,andknowwhatwearegoingtodoagreeswiththeactualconditionsandneedstobedone,wewillgoaheadwithoutlookingback.

Third,wemustputtheinterestsofthestatefirstwhenmakingdeliberations.Continuingthereformcomprehensivelyisamajorstrategicplanconcerningtheoveralldevelopmentof thePartyand thestate, rather thanasingleprogramtoreformacertainaspectofasector.“Onewhofailstoplanforthewholesituationis incapable of planning for a partial area.”[8] You come from differentdepartmentsandunits,andyouneedtoseethingsfromawiderperspective.Formajordecisions,firstweshouldjudgewhetheraproposedreformmeasuremeetsthe needs of the country, and whether it is conducive to the long-term

development of the cause of the Party and the state.We must strive to lookforwardintothefuture,thinkbeyondthetimes,andproactivelydrawupplans.ThiswillenableustoputthroughreformmeasuresthatwillgenuinelypromotethecauseofthePartyandthepeople.

Tocontinuethereformcomprehensively,weshouldstrengthenplanningatthe top levelandadoptaholisticapproach indoingso.Weshouldstudymoreintensively the connectedness, consistency and feasibility of our reformmeasures.Aswesay,“Wemustpushreformforwardboldlyandsteadily.”Here“steadily” means adopting a holistic approach in planning, doing overallresearchandmakingdecisionsscientifically.Reformsintheeconomy,politics,culture, society and ecology are closely connected to and integrated in thereformofPartybuilding.Reforminonesectorwillalwaysaffectothersectorsandrequireothersectorstoreformaccordingly.Ifreformsindifferentareasdonotsupporteachother,andthemeasurestakeninsomesectorsturnouttocheckthe progress of other sectors, we will find it difficult to continue the reformcomprehensively; we will get into a muddle with the reform if we disregardthesefactors.

Notes

[1]TheThirdPlenarySessionof the11thCPCCentralCommitteewasconvened inBeijing fromDecember 18 to 22, 1978. At this plenary session,Marxism was reestablished as the guideline for theParty’sideological,politicalandorganizationalwork.ThisplenarysessionalsomadethehistoricdecisiontoshiftthefocusofthePartyandstatetoeconomicdevelopmentandtointroducethereformandopening-upinitiative,whichmarkedagreattransitionoffar-reachingsignificanceinthehistoryoftheCPCsincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicin1949,andtherebyusheringinanewperiodofreformandopeningupinChina.

[2] Deng Xiaoping: “Excerpts from Talks Given inWuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shanghai,”SelectedWorksofDengXiaoping,Vol.III,Eng.ed.,ForeignLanguagesPress,Beijing,1994,p.358.

[3]LiuYunshan,bornin1947andanativeofXinzhouCity,ShanxiProvince,iscurrentlyamemberof the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Party Central Committee, a member of theSecretariatofthePartyCentralCommitteeandpresidentoftheCentralPartySchool.

[4]ZhangGaoli,bornin1946andanativeofJinjiang,FujianProvince,iscurrentlyamemberoftheStandingCommitteeofthePoliticalBureauofthePartyCentralCommitteeandvicepremieroftheStateCouncil.

[5]The“twounswervinglys”are:Wewillunswervinglyconsolidateanddevelopthepublicsectoroftheeconomy,andatthesametimeunswervinglyencourage,supportandguidethedevelopmentofthenon-publicsectoroftheeconomy.

[6]Thetaxdistributionsystemisamodelfiscalmanagementsystem.Itdividesthedistributionofalltaxationitemsofthecountrybetweenthecentralandlocalgovernments,soastodefinetherangesoftheirrespective revenues. Its nature is to specify the financial power of the central and local governmentsaccordingto theirauthorityofoffice,andtoformtherespectiverevenuesystemsof thecentralandlocalgovernments through thedistributionof taxation itemsbetween them.Chinaadopted the taxdistributionsystemonJanuary1,1994.

[7] The united front refers to the political union formed by various social and political forces,includingsocialclassesandstrata,politicalpartiesandgroups,andevenethnicgroupsandnations,basedontheircommoninterests,toachieveacommongoalundercertainhistoricalconditions.TheunitedfrontundertheleadershipoftheCPCisthebroadestrevolutionary,socialistandpatrioticunitedfrontformedbyall ethnic groups, all political parties, all social strata andpeople of all circles inChinaduring theNewDemocraticRevolution (1919-1949), socialistconstructionand reform, toachievenational independence,democracyandprosperityandtherejuvenationoftheChinesenation.

[8] Chen Danran: “Proposals onMoving the Capital and Establishing Feudatories,”EnlighteningSpeeches(WuYan),Vol.2.ChenDanran(1859-1930)wasalitterateurintheQingDynasty.

AlignOurThinkingwiththeGuidelinesoftheThirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommittee*

November12,2013

*Part of the speech at the secondplenarymeetingof theThirdPlenarySessionof the18thCPCCentralCommittee.

WehavetounifythethinkingandwillofthewholePartyfirstinordertounify the thinking andwill of the people of all China’s ethnic groups so thateveryoneworkstogethertoadvanceourreform.

Here, I need to make a few points on how we should implement theguidelines of the plenary session, with the focus on the guiding principles,overallplans,objectivesandtasksithassetforth.

First, we must take improving and developing the socialist system withChinese characteristics and modernizing our national governance system andcapacity as the general goal of continuing the reform comprehensively. DengXiaoping said in 1992 that it would probably take another 30 years for us todevelop a more mature and well-defined system in every field. Based on hisstrategic thought, the plenary session proposed modernizing our nationalgovernancesystemandcapacity.Thisissomethingthatmustbedonetoimproveand develop the socialist system and to achieve socialist modernization. Wedecidedtofocusonthequestionofcontinuingthereformcomprehensivelyattheplenary session– not the reformof oneor several fields, but of all areas.Wemade this decision out of the overall consideration of improving our nationalgovernancesystemandcapacity.

The national governance system and capacity of a country epitomize notonly its many systems but also how well it can enforce them. Our nationalgovernance system is a system of institutions within which the country isgoverned with the leadership of the Party. It comprises economic, political,cultural, social and ecological as well as Party-building systems andmechanisms, lawsand regulations.This isacomplete setofcloselyconnected

and coordinated systems of the state.Our national governance capacity is theability to use these systems to manage social affairs, including reform,development and stability, domestic and foreign affairs, national defense, andtherunningoftheParty,stateandmilitary.Ournationalgovernancesystemandcapacity complement each other and form an organic whole. An effectivegovernance system will lead to greater governance capacity, while greatergovernancecapacitycanmakethegovernancesystemmoreeffective.

Actually,howtogovernasocialistsociety,acompletelynewsociety,hasnotbeenclearlyaddressedbyworldsocialismso far.KarlMarxandFriedrichEngels had no practical experience in the comprehensive governance of asocialistcountry,astheirtheoriesaboutafuturesocietyweremostlypredictive.Vladimir Lenin, who passed away a few years after the October Revolution(1917)inRussia,wasthusunabletoexplorethisquestionindepth.TheSovietUnion tackled this question and gained some experience, but it made seriousmistakesandfailed toresolve theproblem.OurPartyhasworkedon thesamequestion steadilyever since it came tonationalpower, and, in spiteof serioussetbacks, has accumulated rich experience and achieved great success inimprovingourgovernancesystemandenhancingourgovernancecapacity.Thesuccesshasbeenparticularlyresoundingsinceweadoptedthepolicyofreformandopeningup.Enjoyingpolitical stability, economicgrowth, socialharmonyand ethnic unity, today’sChina poses a striking contrast tomany regions andcountries that suffer constant chaos. This shows that our national governancesystem and capacity are on the whole quite sound and suited to our nationalconditionsanddevelopmentneeds.

Atthesametime,weshouldalsorealizethat,comparedwithChina’sneedsfor social and economic development and our people’s expectations, andcompared with today’s increasingly intense international competition, and theneedtoensureprolongedstabilityathome,westillhavemanyshortcomingstoovercomeinimprovingournationalgovernancesystemandcapacity.Torealizegenuine social harmony and stability, and lastingpeace and security,wemustrelyonoureffectiveinstitutions,ourhighcapacityingovernanceandourhigh-caliberpersonnel.TogivefreereintotheadvantagesofChinesesocialism,wemustpromotethemodernizationofournationalgovernancesystemandcapacityinallfields.

To modernize our national governance system and capacity we should

adaptproperlytothechangingtimes,andreformoutdatedsystems,mechanisms,laws and regulations, while building new ones tomake our institutions in allrespectsmoreappropriateandcompleteand thegovernanceofParty,stateandsocial affairs more institutionalized, standardized and procedure-based. Weshouldpaymore attention to buildingour governance capacity, enhancingourawarenessoftheneedtoactinaccordancewithinstitutionsandthelaw,andourskills in running the country with institutions and the law, transforming ourinstitutionaladvantagesintogreatergovernanceeffectiveness,andenhancingtheParty’scapacitytogoverninaneffectiveanddemocraticway,andinaccordancewiththelaw.

Second, we must further free our mind, further release and develop theproductiveforces,andfurtherstimulateandstrengthenthevigorofsociety.The“three furthers” put forward at the plenary session are both objectives andconditions of our reform. Freeing our mind is a prerequisite or the ultimateswitchforreleasinganddevelopingtheproductiveforces,andstrengtheningthevigorofoursociety.Withoutfreeingourmind,ourPartywouldnothavebeenabletomakethehistoricdecisiontoshiftthefocusoftheworkofthePartyandthecountrytoeconomicdevelopmentandlaunchreformandopeningupshortlyafter the ten-year turmoil of theCulturalRevolution, ushering in anewera inChina’sdevelopment.Withoutfreeingourmind,ourPartywouldnothavebeenabletopromotetheoreticalandpracticalinnovation,removerisksandchallengeseffectively to advance reform and opening up steadily, and remain at theforefront of the times. Releasing and developing the productive forces, andstimulatingandstrengtheningthevigorofoursocietyareaninevitableoutcomeaswellasanimportantbasisforfreeingthemind.

Tocompletethebuildingofamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects,achievesocialistmodernizationandthegreatrenewaloftheChinesenation,themost essential andurgent task is to further release anddevelop theproductiveforces.Thepurposeoffreeingourminds,andstimulatingandstrengtheningthevigor of society is to better release and develop the productive forces. DengXiaoping said, “Revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces,andsodoesreform.Afterthebasicsocialistsystemhasbeenestablisheditwillbenecessarytofundamentallychangetheeconomicstructurethathashamperedthe development of the productive forces and to establish a vigorous socialisteconomic structure that will promote their development.”[1] By continuing

reform, we will unleash the vitality of work, knowledge, technology,management,capitalandotherfactorstoopenanabundanceofsocialwealth.Inaddition, wemust keep vitality and order in proper balance, as society needsvitalitytoprogress,butsuchvitalityshouldbeaccompaniedbyorder.Neitherapoolofstagnantwaternorasurgingundercurrentiswhatwewant.

Westresstheneedtohaveconfidenceinourpath,inourtheoriesandinoursystem.Inotherwords,weneedtohavestrongwillpowerandfaith.Atthesametime,we also need a strongmaterial power that bolsters suchwill power andfaith. This requires constant reforms and innovations to ensure that Chinesesocialism is more efficient than capitalism in releasing and developing theproductive forces, stimulating and strengthening the vigor of society andpromoting a well-rounded development of the person, and the arousing ofgreater enthusiasm, initiative and creativity among the people, create morefavorable conditions for social development, and show a better edge incompetition,thusfullydisplayingitsadvantages.

Third,wemustkeepourfocusoneconomicreforms,andgivefullplaytotheir catalytic role. The plenary session presented a road map for furtheringreformcomprehensively,with“sixcentering-ons,”[2]stressingtheneedtofocusoneconomicreformsandtheirleadingrole.ThebasicfactthatChinaisstillintheprimarystageofsocialismandwilllongremainsohasnotchanged;norhasthe principal problem in our society, namely, inadequacy inmeeting the ever-growingmaterialandculturalneedsof thepeople,becauseofbackwardsocialproduction; and nor has China’s international position as the world’s largestdevelopingcountry.AllthisdictatesthateconomicdevelopmentwillremainthefocusoftheworkofthewholeParty.

Currently, most structural and institutional barriers hindering China’sproperdevelopmentarefoundintheeconomy.Oureconomicreformshavenotbeen completed, nor has the potential of such reforms been fully released.Tokeep economic development as our central taskwemust continue to focus oneconomicreformswithouttheslightesthesitation.

Theeconomicbasedeterminesthesuperstructure.Economicreformshaveasignificantandpervasivebearingonthereformofotherfields.Andthetempoofprogressinmajoreconomicreformsdeterminesthatofahostofotherreforms,playingacriticalpartintheoverallsituation.Inthe“PrefacetoAContribution

to theCritique ofPoliticalEconomy,”KarlMarx observed that “In the socialproductionoftheirexistence,meninevitablyenterintodefiniterelations,whichare independent of theirwill, namely, relations of production appropriate to agiven stage in the development of their material forces of production. Thetotality of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure ofsociety,therealfoundation,onwhicharisesalegalandpoliticalsuperstructureand to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness.”[3] As wecontinue to reform comprehensively, we should keep our focus on economicreforms, and strive tomake breakthroughs in the reformof key fields, so thatsuchbreakthroughswilldriveandstimulate reforms inotherareas,andensurethatthesereformscanworktogetherandprogressinconcert.Weshouldnottakeafragmentedanduncoordinatedapproachinthisregard.

Fourth,wemustupholdthedirectionofreformtowardsasocialistmarketeconomy. Identifying our reform as aiming to establish a socialist marketeconomyisasignificanttheoreticalandpracticalinnovationourPartymadeinthe course of building socialismwith Chinese characteristics. This resolved amajorproblemthatothersocialistcountrieshadlongfailedtoresolve.

Over the past two decades or so we have advanced economic and otherreforms centering on the goal of establishing a socialistmarket economy, andrealizedagreathistorictransitionfromahighlycentralizedplannedeconomytoa robust socialist market economy, from seclusion and semi-seclusion to all-dimensional opening up, and from a life of subsistence to one of initialprosperity. The historic leap forward by which China’s economy rose to thesecondplace in theworldhasgreatly increased theenthusiasmof theChinesepeople,greatlyboostedthedevelopmentofChina’sproductiveforces,andaddedgreatvigortothePartyandthecountry.

At the same time, we should also be aware that although our socialistmarketeconomyhastakenshapeinitially,itisnotcompleteasasystem,anditisnotyetmature.Inparticular,abalancebetweentheroleofthegovernmentandthatofthemarketineffectivelyandunrestrictedlyallocatingresourcesisyettobeestablished.Sowehavetomakestrenuouseffortstofulfillthestrategictaskof quickly improving our socialist market economy set by the 18th PartyCongress.

Thekeytoestablishingasoundsocialistmarketeconomyliesinstrikinga

proper balance between the role of the government and that of themarket, sothat the market can play a decisive role in allocating resources and thegovernment can play its own role more effectively. This represents anothermajorstepforwardinourParty’stheoreticalandpracticalexploration.

Establishing a sound socialistmarket economy is not only thebasic needfor the economic reforms, but also the core requirement for comprehensivelycontinuing our reform. Letting the market play a decisive role in allocatingresourceswillmainlyrequireeconomicreforms,butitwillalsoinevitablyaffectpolitics, culture, society, ecological progress and Party building. Institutionalreforms of all areas should be promoted in concert with establishing a soundsocialistmarketeconomy,whileensuringthattheirrelatedlinksbettermeetthedemandsofagrowingsocialistmarketeconomy.

Fifth,wemustmake the promotion of social fairness and justice and theimprovementofwell-beingboth thestartingpointandultimategoal.Since thebeginningofreformandopeningup,Chinahasmaderemarkableachievementsineconomicandsocialdevelopment,whichprovideasolidmaterialfoundationandfavorableconditionsforsocialfairnessandjustice.Nevertheless,giventhecurrentlevelofdevelopment,injusticeandinequalityarestillquitecommoninour society. As China develops further and the people’s living standardsimprove,publicawarenessofequalityanddemocracy,andofrightsandinterestshasbeensteadilyenhanced,andhencepeople’sresentmentatinjusticebecomesmorepronounced.

AftercomprehensivelyreviewingandanalyzingChina’scurrentsocialandeconomic development, the CPC Central Committee has concluded that thisproblem, if not resolved in good time, will reduce public confidence in ourreformandopeningup,andunderminesocialharmonyandstability.Asthe18thParty Congress pointed out, fairness and justice are inherent requirements ofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Wemust,relyingontheconcertedeffortsofall theChinesepeopleandbasedoneconomicandsocialdevelopment,stepup efforts to develop institutions that are vital to ensuring social fairness andjustice; establish in due course a system for ensuring fairness in societyfeaturing,amongotherthings,equalrights,equalopportunitiesandfairrulesforall; and foster a fair social environment andensure thepeople’s equal right toparticipationingovernanceandtodevelopment.

Thisplenarysessionstressed that tocomprehensivelycontinue reformwemustmakethepromotionofsocialfairnessandjustice,andimprovementofthepeople’s lives both the starting point and ultimate goal. This is a necessaryrequirement of the fundamental purpose of our Party, which is to serve thepeople wholeheartedly. Comprehensively furthering the reform must be theguaranteeofbuildingamoreequitableandjustsocialenvironment,addressingbreachesofequityandjustice,andbringingmoreofthebenefitsofdevelopmenttoallthepeopleinafairerfashion.Ifwecannotdelivertangiblebenefitstothepeople,andcreateafairersocialenvironment,and,worsestill,ifwecausemoreinequality,thenourreformwillloseitsmeaningandcannotbesustained.

Realizingsocialfairnessandjusticerequiresmultiplefactors,ahigherlevelofsocialandeconomicdevelopmentbeingthemostcrucialone.Understandingof and desires for social fairness and justice may differ when there aredifferences in development levels and historical periods, and people’s outlookandsocialbackground.Whenwespeakofsocialfairnessandjustice,wemeantoproceedfromthefundamental interestsof theoverwhelmingmajorityof thepeople, and view and address this problem from the larger picture of socialdevelopment,socialharmonyandthepeopleasawhole.Theviolationsofsocialfairness and justice in the country are mainly fundamental problems in thecourseofdevelopment,whichcanberesolvedbyinstitutional,legalandpolicyarrangements in tandemwith continueddevelopment.Wemust take economicdevelopment as the central task, promote sustained and sound growth, and“make the cake bigger,” thereby laying a more solid material foundation forgreatersocialfairnessandjustice.

This does notmean thatwe shouldwait to address the problemof socialfairnessandjusticeuntiltheeconomyisdeveloped.Thenatureoftheproblemsmaydifferfromperiodtoperiod,bearingthefeaturesofsociety–developedornotsodeveloped– inwhichtheyarefound.Evenwhenthe“cake”has indeedbecome bigger, wemust cut it fairly. The Chinese people have always had aperceptionthat“inequalityratherthanwantisthecauseoftrouble.”[4]Basedoncontinued development, we should do a better job of promoting fairness andjustice, trying our best while beingmindful of our limitations so that we cankeep making progress in ensuring people’s access to education, remunerableemployment,healthcare,old-agecareandhousing.

Nomatterwhatdevelopmentlevelasocietyisat,institutionsarealwaysanindispensable guarantee of social fairness and justice. We should strive toovercome injustice and inequality caused by man-made factors throughinnovative institutional arrangements, and ensure our people’s rights to equalparticipation and development.We should take social fairness and justice andthe living standards of the people as a mirror to examine our systems,mechanisms, policies and regulations in all respects, and introduce reformsaccordinglybyfocusingonareaswheretheproblemsofinjusticeandinequalityare most prevalent. As for problems caused by unsound institutionalarrangements,timelymeasuresshouldbetakentoreflectbettertheprincipleoffairness and justice in our socialist society and better realize, maintain anddevelopthefundamentalinterestsofourpeople.

Sixth,wemust relyon thepeople topromote reform.Thepeople are thecreatorsofhistoryandthesourceofourstrength.Thefundamentalreasonwhyour reform and opening up has won the people’s wholehearted support andvigorousparticipationallalongliesinthefactthatfromtheverybeginningwelet thecause strikedeep rootsamong thepeople.TheDecisionof thisplenarysessionreviewedthevaluableexperiencesofourreformandopeningup,oneofwhich highlighted the importance of putting people first, respecting theirprincipal position in the country, giving free rein to their creativity, andpromoting reformwith the close support of the people. In the absence of thepeople’s support andparticipation, no reformcanpossibly succeed.Nomatterwhatdifficultiesandchallengeswemayencounter,wewillprevailaslongaswehave the people’s support and participation. We must implement the Party’smasslineandrallycloselywiththepeople,sharingwealandwoewiththem,andworkingvigorouslybytheirside.

Topushforwardanykeyreformwemusthavethemajorissuesconcerningthe reform examined and addressed from the people’s standpoint, whileformulatingguidelinesandmeasuresbasedonthepeople’sinterests.WangFuofthe Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220) said, “The roc soars lithely not merelybecause of the lightness of one of its feathers; the steed runs fast notmerelybecauseofthestrengthofoneofitslegs.”[5]IfChinawantstoflyhighandrunfast,itmustrelyonthestrengthofits1.3billionpeople.

Whenweencountercomplicatedproblemshardtoweighandbalanceinthe

course of comprehensively promoting reform, we should think of the actualconditionsof thepeople.What are they expecting?Howcan their interests besafeguarded? Are they satisfied with our reform? To make our decisions onreformmoreappropriate,themostimportantthingistolistenextensivelytotheopinions and proposals of the people, promptly review their fresh experience,fullymobilizetheirenthusiasm,initiativeandcreativity,bringtheirwisdomandstrengthtothecauseofreform,andworkwiththemtomovethecauseforward.

Notes

[1] Deng Xiaoping: “Excerpts from Talks Given inWuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shanghai,”SelectedWorksofDengXiaoping,Vol.III,Eng.ed.,ForeignLanguagesPress,Beijing,1994,p.358.

[2]The“sixcentering-ons”isaroadmapforcontinuingthereformcomprehensivelycontainedinthe“DecisionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonSomeMajorIssuesConcerningComprehensively Continuing the Reform” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CentralCommitteeoftheCPC:Wemustcontinueeconomicsystemreformbycenteringonthedecisiveroleofthemarket in allocating resources; we must continue political system reform by centering on the unity ofupholding the leadership of the Party, the people being the masters of the country, and governing thecountryaccordingtoruleoflaw;wemustcontinueculturalsystemreformbycenteringonbuildingthecoresocialistvaluesystemanddevelopingastrongsocialistcultureinChina;wemustcontinuesocialstructuralreformbycenteringonsafeguardingandimprovingthepeople’swell-beingandpromotingsocialfairnessand justice; we must continue ecological environment management reform by centering on building abeautifulChina;wemustcontinuethereformoftheParty-buildingsystembycenteringonenhancingtheParty’scapacitytogoverninascientificanddemocraticwayandinaccordancewiththelaw.

[3]KarlMarx: “Preface toAContribution to theCritique ofPoliticalEconomy,”KarlMarx andFriedrichEngels:CollectedWorks,Vol.29,Eng.ed.,ProgressPublishers,Moscow,1987,p.263.

[4]TheAnalectsofConfucius(LunYu)isoneoftheConfucianclassics.WrittenbythedisciplesofConfucius,itrecordsthewordsanddeedsofConfucius,andalsocomprisesdialoguesbetweenConfuciusandhisdisciples.TheAnalectsofConfucius(LunYu),TheGreatLearning(DaXue),TheDoctrineoftheMean (Zhong Yong) and The Mencius (Meng Zi) are collectively known as the “Four Classics ofConfucianism.”

[5]WangFu:CommentsofaRecluse(QianFuLun).WangFu(c.85-c.163)wasaphilosopherandpoliticalcommentatorintheEasternHanDynasty(25-220).

PushAheadwithReformDespiteMoreDifficulties*

February7,2014

*PartofanexclusiveinterviewwiththeRussiaTelevision.

Sergei Brilyov[1]: The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC CentralCommitteeadopted the“Decisionof theCentralCommitteeof theCommunistPartyofChinaonSomeMajorIssuesConcerningComprehensivelyContinuingtheReform,”andyouhavebeenmadeheadof theCentralLeadingGroup forComprehensivelyContinuingtheReform.WhatIwanttoknowishowyouwillgovern. What will China’s reform focus on next? What do you think of theprospectsforChina’sdevelopment?

XiJinping:TheseareimportantquestionsconcerningChina’sdevelopment.Ithasbeenmorethan35yearssincetheThirdPlenarySessionofthe11thCPCCentralCommitteelaunchedChina’sreformandopeningupin1978.Wehavemade remarkableachievements,butweshouldcontinue tomakeprogress.Wehave set the Two Centenary Goals. At present economic globalization isprogressing rapidly, intense competition in overall national strength isintensifyingbetweencountries,andtheinternationalsituationiscomplicatedandvolatile.We have concluded from this that fundamentally speaking, caught infierceinternationalcompetition,wearelikeaboattravelingupstream:Wemustpressaheadorwewillfallbehind.

China’sreformhasbeengreatlyfurtheredinbothbreadthanddepth.Top-level design is needed to advance reform. Last November the Third PlenarySession of the 18th CPC Central Committee made overall planning foradvancingreformcomprehensively,andformulated theroadmapandscheduleforreform.Theplanincludesover330reformmeasuresfor15areas,suchastheeconomy, politics, culture, society, ecological progress and Party building. Sowe have sounded the bugle to advance reform. Our general objective is toimprove and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, andmodernizeournationalgovernancesystemandcapacity.

To concentrate on advancing reform, we founded the Central LeadingGroup forComprehensivelyContinuing theReformwithme as the head.Thegroup is designed tomakeoverall planning and coordination formajor issues,andshareoutthetaskstobeimplemented.Nowthatwehaveaplan,itismostimportanttoimplementit.

ItisnoeasyjobtoadvancereforminChina,whichhasapopulationofover1.3billion.Havingbeenpushedahead formore than30years,China’s reformhas enteredadeep-water zone. It canbe said that the easypart of the jobhasbeendonetothesatisfactionofall.Whatisleftaretoughbonesthatarehardtochew.Thisrequiresustoactboldlyandprogresssteadily.Toactboldlymeanstoadvancereformdespitedifficultiesandbeeagertotakeonchallenges,chewtoughbones,andwadethroughdangerousshoals.Toprogresssteadilymeanstostay on course and proceed in safety, and, more importantly, make no fatalmistakes.

IhavefullconfidenceintheprospectsforChina’sdevelopment.Why?Theunderlying reason is that after long-term explorationwe have found a correctdevelopmentpathsuitedtoChina’sactualconditions.Aslongaswerelycloselyon the 1.3 billion Chinese people and firmly stay on our own path we willovercome all difficulties and obstacles, make new achievements, and finallyreachourgoal.

TheCPCexercisesstatepowerforthepeople.Thepeople’saspirationforabetterlifeisourgoal.Toputitbriefly,Iwillgovernbyservingthepeopleandfulfillingallmyresponsibilities.

Brilyov:YouhavebeenthepresidentofChinaforalmostayear.Howdoyoufeelastheleaderofsuchabigcountry?Whathobbiesdoyouhave?Whatareyourfavoritesports?

Xi:Chinacoversalandof9.6millionsqkmandhas56ethnicgroupsandapopulationofover1.3billion.China’s socialandeconomicdevelopment leveland its people’s living standards are not high. It is not easy to govern such acountry,soImustascendaheighttoenjoyadistantviewwhileplantingmyfeetonsolidground.IworkedindifferentregionsinChinaforalongtime,soIamfully aware that thedifferencesaregreatbetween thecountry’s east andwest,between the central and local governments, between different localities and

betweendifferentlevelsoflocalgovernments.Therefore,asaChineseleader,Imust take all factors into consideration based on a correct understanding ofChina’sconditions,maintainanoverallbalance,andconcentrateonprioritiestopromotetheoverallsituation.Ialternatemyattentionbetweenmajorandminorissues,and,toputitfiguratively,itislikeplayingthepianowithalltenfingers.

Since thepeoplehaveputme in thepositionof headof state, Imust putthemaboveeverythingelse,bearinmindmyresponsibilitiesthatareasweightyas Mount Tai, always worry about the people’s security and well-being, andwork conscientiously day and night; share the same feelingswith the people,share both good and bad timeswith them, andwork in concerted effortswiththem.

Speaking of hobbies, I like reading, watching movies, traveling andstrolling.Asyouknow,IalmosthavenoprivatetimeinthepositionIamin.Asong titled, “Where Did the Time Go” became popular in China during thisSpringFestival.Forme,thequestioniswheremyprivatetimegoes.Ispendallof it onmywork.Now, theonly thing I havemanaged tokeepas ahobby isreading,whichhasbecomemywayoflife.Readinginvigoratesmymind,givesme inspiration and cultivates my moral force. I have read many works byRussian writers, including Ivan Krylov, Alexander Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol,Mikhail Lermontov, Ivan Turgenev, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Nikolay Nekrasov,NikolayChernyshevsky,LeoTolstoy,AntonChekhovandMikhailSholokhov.Irememberclearlymanyoftheirexcellentchaptersandstories.

Speakingofsports,Ilikeswimmingandmountaineering.Ilearnedtoswimat theageoffourorfive. Ialso likefootball,volleyball,basketball, tennisandmartial arts. Among snow and ice sports, I like to watch ice hockey, speedskating,figureskatingandfreestyleskiing.Icehockeyismyfavorite.Itrequiresnotonlyindividualstrengthandskillbutalsoteamworkandcollaboration.Itisindeedagoodsport.

Notes

[1]SergeiBrilyovisahostoftheRussiaTelevision.

ImproveGovernanceCapacityThroughtheSocialistSystemwithChineseCharacteristics*

February17,2014

*Mainpointsofthespeechataprovincial-levelofficials’seminaronstudyingandimplementingthedecisionsoftheThirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommitteeoncontinuingreform.

Tokeepupwiththeoverallprogressinthenationalmodernizationprocess,wemustimprovetheCPC’scapabilityforscientific,democraticandlaw-basedgovernance, and enhance the efficiency of government departments.Wemustimprove the general public’s ability to manage state, social, economic andcultural affairs in accordancewith the law. In thisway,Party, state and socialaffairswillbeadministeredinaccordancewithrules,standardsandprocedures,and we will become better able to govern the country through the socialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristics.

TheThirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommitteepointedoutthattheoverallgoalofcontinuingthereformtoadeeperlevelistodevelopthesocialist system with Chinese characteristics, and modernize our nationalgovernance system and capacity. This is a prerequisite for adhering to anddeveloping socialism with Chinese characteristics and for realizing socialistmodernization.

Since the introduction of the reform and opening-up policy some threedecades ago, our Party has begun to ponder the issue of national governancesystem froma newperspective, and come to the conclusion that the issues ofleadership and organizational systems are fundamental, comprehensive, stableandpermanentones.

Today,wearetaskedwithanimportanthistoricmission,thatistomakeoursocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristicsmorematureandbetterestablished,andprovideasetofmorecomplete,morestableandmoreeffectivesystemsforthedevelopmentofthePartyandthenation,thewell-beingofthepeople,socialharmonyandstability,andtheenduringprosperityandstabilityofthecountry.

This is a grand project. It entails carrying out all-round and systematicreform, and integrating reform in various fields to promote the overallmodernizationofournationalgovernancesystemandcapacity.

Acountry’sgovernancesystemandcapacityarethemajorbarometersofitssystemandthatsystem’sgoverningefficiency.Thetwoarecomplementary.Ourgovernancesystemandcapacityaregoodoverall andhaveuniqueadvantages.Moreover,theysuitournationalconditionsanddevelopmentneeds.

Nevertheless,ournationalgovernancesystemandcapacitystillhavemuchroom for improvement, and we should exert greater efforts to enhance ournational governance capacity. Our governance system will become moreefficientaslongaswefocusonimprovingtheParty’sgovernancecapacitywhileraising the moral and political standards, scientific and cultural levels, andprofessionalabilitiesofofficialsatalllevelsandadministratorsofallareas,andas long as we make Party and government agencies, enterprises, publicinstitutions,andsocialorganizationsmoreefficient.

We must understand that the overall goal of continuing the reform to adeeperlevelconsistsoftwoaspects,thatis,toimproveanddevelopthesocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,and tomodernizeournationalgovernancesystemandcapacity.Toacceleratethemodernizationofthenationalgovernancesystem and capacity, we must follow the socialist path with Chinesecharacteristics.

Thekindofgovernancesystembestsuitedforacountryisdeterminedbythat country’s historical heritage and cultural traditions, and its level of socialand economic development, and it is ultimately decided by that country’speople. Our current national governance system has been developed andgradually improved over a long period of time on the basis of our historiedheritage,culturaltraditions,andsocialandeconomicdevelopment.

Ournationalgovernancesystemneedstobeimproved,butweshouldhaveour own opinion onwhat improvements are necessary. TheChinese nation isopen-minded. Over centuries, we have been continuously drawing on others’strengths and shaping the character of our own nation. Without unwaveringconfidence in our system we cannot have the courage to further reform, andwithoutcontinuousreformourconfidenceinthesystemcannotpossiblybefull

andlong-lasting.

Continuing our reform to a deeper level involves improving our socialistsystemwithChinese characteristics.Whenwe say boosting our confidence inthe system,wedonotmean tobe complacent. Instead,we should continue toeradicatedrawbacksinthesystem,andmakeitmorematureandmoreenduring.

To modernize our national governance system and capacity, we shouldfoster and promote the core socialist values and the relevant system,[1] andacceleratethebuildingofavaluesystemthatfullyreflectsthecharacteristicsofChina,theChinesenationandthetimes.Tosafeguardourvaluesystemandcorevalues,wemustletcultureplayitsduerole.

A nation’s culture is a unique feature that distinguishes that nation fromothers. We should delve deeper into and better elucidate China’s excellenttraditionalculture,andmakegreatereffortstocreativelytransformanddeveloptraditionalChinesevirtues,promotingacultural spirit that transcends timeandnationalboundaries,andhaseternalattractionandcontemporaryvalue.

WeshouldalsopresenttotheworldChina’scontemporarycreativeculturalproductsthatcarrybothourexcellenttraditionalcultureandcontemporaryspirit,andthatarebasedinChinaandorientedtowardstheoutsideworld.

As long as the Chinese people pursue lofty virtues generation aftergenerationournationwillbeforeverfilledwithhope.

Producing a good document is only the first step in the long march ofthousands of miles. The key is to implement the document. We shouldmeticulously and strenuously study and promote the guiding principles of theThird Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, and gain a solidunderstandingofcontinuedreform.Whilestudyingthedocument,weshouldnotstop at the surface, quote it out of context, copy it mechanically or apply itblindly.We should straighten out the relationship between the general policyarrangementandaparticularpolicy,betweenapolicychainandalink,betweentop-levelpolicydesignandpolicyinterfacesatdifferent levels,betweenpolicyconsistencyanddiversity,andbetweenlong-andshort-termpolicies.Wecannotreplacethewholewithanypart,norcanwecompromiseprinciplesforthesakeofflexibility,orviceversa.

While implementing thedocumentweshouldavoidempty talk,hesitationor seekingquick success, and instant benefits.We should implement itwith averystrongsenseofurgencyandresponsibility.

Reform is a gradual process.We shouldmake bold breakthroughs whileadvancingstepbystep,soastoensuretherealizationofthereformgoals.

Continuing all-round reform to a deeper level is aimed at serving theoverall, basic and long-term interestsof the country.We shouldavoidpickingreform areas according to personal preferences, and should get rid of reform-hinderingmindsets.WemustfirmlycarryoutreformthatbenefitsthePartyandthepeople,andcontributestoprosperityandlong-termstability.Doingthiswillenableustofulfillourhistoricmissionandourresponsibilitiestothepeople,thecountryandthenation.

Notes

[1]Thesystemof thecoresocialistvalueswas introduced in the“Resolutionsof theCPCCentralCommitteeonMajorIssuesRegardingtheBuildingofaHarmoniousSocialistSociety,”whichwasadoptedattheSixthPlenarySessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommitteeinOctober2006.Thesystemincludestheguiding thoughts ofMarxism, the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the nationalspiritcenteringonpatriotismandthespiritofthetimeshighlightedbyreformandinnovation,aswellasthesocialistmaximsofeighthonorsandeightdisgraces.

EconomicDevelopment

EconomicGrowthMustBeGenuineandNotInflated*

November30,2012

*Main points of the speech at a symposium with non-Party members held by the CPC CentralCommittee.

Sincethebeginningofthisyear,Chinahasbeenconfrontedwithacomplexinternational economic situation, as well as the demanding tasks of reform,developmentandstability.By takinga scientificapproach todevelopment,wehave focused on transforming our economic growth model. Following thegeneralguidelineofmakingsteadyprogress,wehaveactedpromptlytoimprovemacrocontrolandplacedmoreemphasisonsustainabledevelopment.Sofar,wehave seen positive results in many areas, including steady economic growth,adjustmentoftheeconomicstructure,reformtoadeeperlevel,andimprovementofthepeople’swell-being.

Althoughwe have a generally positive analysis ofChina’s economic andsocialdevelopment,wemustnotunderestimate therisksandchallengesfacingus now and in the near future. We must be aware that the pace of worldeconomic growth will continue to be slow, the problem between sluggishdemand and over-production capacity continues to grow, and domesticcompanies are troubled by rising costs and weaknesses in their capacity toinnovate. The conflicts between the environment, natural resources andeconomicgrowtharebecomingmoreserious.

Every coin has two sides. We must see both the advantages anddisadvantages in the international and domestic situations, make fullpreparationsforadversity,andstrivetogetthebestpossibleresults.

Next year will be the first full year to see the implementation of thedecisionsmadebytheParty’s18thNationalCongress.Itisveryimportanttodoa good job of our social and economic development. We should focus onimprovingthequalityandefficiencyofeconomicgrowth,makesteadyprogress,encourage innovation, lay a solid foundation for future development, press

forward with reform and opening up, and realize sustainable and healthyeconomicdevelopmenttogetherwithsocialstabilityandharmony.

First, wemust maintain reasonable economic growth by continuing withour proactive fiscal and prudent monetary policies, and increase the naturalvitalityandmotiveforcethatdriveeconomicgrowth.Wemustpursuerealratherthan inflatedeconomicgrowth. Inotherwords,wewantefficient,high-qualityandsustainablegrowth.

Second,wemustconsolidatethepositionofagricultureasthefoundationoftheeconomy,increasesupportforagriculture,improveourpoliciesthatbenefitfarmers and bring prosperity to them, accelerate modernized operation ofagriculture, and ensure the supply of grain and other important agriculturalproducts.

Third, we must make substantial progress in economic restructuring,expand domestic demand while stabilizing external demand, intensify ourindustrial restructuring and upgrading, and promote well-planned and healthyurbanization.

Fourth,wemustcarryoutreformtoimprovethesocialistmarketeconomy,have a good top-level design, carry out timely and targeted reformmeasures,combinesteadyprogressinoverallreformwithbreakthroughsinspecificareas,experimentboldly,andpursuesubstantialresults.

Fifth,wemust improve the people’s standard of living,with a particularfocusonlow-incomegroups,providesubsidiestopoorstudentsincollegesanduniversities, keep the employment market steady while doing all we can toexpand it, and improve the urban and rural social security system. We willencourage the people to achieve prosperity through hard work, therebycombining theaimof thePartyand thegovernment’sworkwith thegoals thatordinarypeoplestrivefor.

OpenWidertotheOutsideWorld*

April8,2013

*MainpointsofthespeechatadiscussionofrepresentativesofChineseandforeignentrepreneursduringtheBoaoForumforAsiaAnnualConference2013[1].

The prospects for China’s economic development are bright. China willmakegreatercontributionstotheworldasitpushesforwardreformandopeningup,acceleratesthetransformationofthegrowthmodel,implementstheopening-uppolicy,andprovidesabettereconomicenvironmentandfavorableconditionsforforeignenterprises.

Entrepreneurs, who are also the main participants of this forum, are animportantforceincreatingjobsandwealthandinpromotingdevelopmentandcooperation.YourdecisionswillhaveamajorimpactontheAsianeconomyaswellas thewiderworld. Iwould like to take thisopportunity to listen toyourviewsandexchangeideaswithyou.

Theworld economy is still in a phase of instability and uncertainty, andrecovery will be a lengthy process of advances and setbacks. In contrast,economicgrowthinAsiaisrelativelyrobust.Inthiscontext,China’seconomicprospectshavebecomeanissueofuniversalinterest.Iwouldliketosharewithyoumyviewsonthistopic.

Chinahasmaintainedsoundoveralleconomicdevelopment.Itsgrowthwillcontinue in the foreseeable future as industrialization, informationization,urbanizationandagriculturalmodernizationgreatlyexpandthedomesticmarket.The basics of our social productive forces remain solid, our advantages inproductive factors are obvious, and ourmanagement and control systems andmechanismscontinuetoimprove.

Atthe18thCPCNationalCongresswesettheTwoCentenaryGoalsasourobjectives,andcommittedourselvestotheChineseDreamoftherejuvenationofthe Chinese nation. We will continue to inject new energy into the Chinese

economyaswestrive to realize theseobjectivesand theChineseDream.Asaresultofourendeavors,wecanbeveryoptimisticthattheChineseeconomywillmaintainarelativelyhighgrowthrate.Chinawillshiftitsdevelopmentfocustoimproving the quality and efficiency of growth, and make every effort topromoteagreen,circular,andlow-carboneconomy.

TheChinesemarketoperatesfairly.EverycompanyregisteredinChinaisan important component of the country’s economy. Our commitment to thesocialistmarketeconomywillremainresolute.Wewillcontinuetoenhancetherule of law and actively improve our investment environment so that allenterprises can enjoy equal access to the factors of production, marketcompetitionandlegalprotection,andtheChinesemarketcanbecomefairerandevenmoreattractive.Ourpoliciesofutilizingforeigninvestmentandprotectingthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofforeignenterprisesinaccordancewithlawwillnotchange.

Chinawillnevercloseitsdoortotheoutsideworld.Overthepasttenyearsit has fulfilled its promises to the WTO by creating a more open andstandardized business environment. We will open up new areas and enabledeeperaccess.Oureconomywillremainopentoforeigninvestors,andwehopethatothercountrieswillextendthesameaccesstoChineseinvestors.Wefirmlyoppose protectionism in any form, and we are willing and ready to solveeconomic and trade differenceswith other countries through consultation.Weactivelypromote the establishmentof amultilateral trade systemcharacterizedbybalancedandmutuallybeneficialdevelopment.

China’sdomesticdevelopmentbenefitstherestoftheworld,andfirstofallits neighbors. In 2012 almost 16 million Chinese people traveled to ourneighboringcountries ineastandsoutheastAsia.Chinahasmadeasubstantialcontribution to Asia’s economic development. In the next five years China’simportswillreachUS$10trillion-worthanditsoutboundinvestmentisexpectedtogrowrapidly.Chinaismakinggreateffortstoincreaseitsconnectionswithitsneighbors,totheadvantageofboththeregionalandtheworldeconomy.

Chinaremainscommittedtoreformandopeningup,andwewill improvetherelevantpolicies.Wewillcontinuetoimprovethecapacityandqualityofourservices, and provide a better environment for foreign entrepreneurs to investandlaunchventuresinChina.Wehopethatforeignenterpriseswillseizethese

opportunitiestoachievefurtherdevelopment.

Notes

[1]TheBoaoForumforAsia(BFA)isanon-governmentalandnon-profitinternationalorganizationwith a fixed conference date and a fixed address. It was founded in Boao, Hainan Province, China, onFebruary27,2001.Withequality,mutualbenefitandcooperationasitsthemes,theBFAbasesitselfinAsiaand aims to expand economic exchanges, coordination and cooperation among Asian countries whileenhancingdialogueandeconomictiesbetweenAsiaandtherestoftheworld.

The“InvisibleHand”andthe“VisibleHand”*

May26,2014

*Mainpointsofthespeechatthe15thgroupstudysessionofthePoliticalBureauofthe18thCPCCentralCommitteewhichXipresidedover.

We should let the market play the decisive role in allocating resources,while allowing the government to better perform its functions. This is atheoretical and practical issue of great importance. A correct and preciseunderstandingofthisissueisveryimportanttofurtherthereformandpromotethesoundandorderlydevelopmentofthesocialistmarketeconomy.Weshouldmake good use of the roles of both themarket, the “invisible” hand, and thegovernment, the “visible” hand. The market and the government shouldcomplement and coordinate with each other to promote sustained and soundsocialandeconomicdevelopment.

TheThirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommitteepointedoutthat economic structural reform is the focus of continuing the reformcomprehensively.Theunderlying issue is how to strike abalancebetween thefunctionsofthegovernmentandtheroleofthemarket,andletthemarketplaythedecisive role in allocating resources and thegovernmentbetterperform itsfunctions.

Theproposaltoletthemarketplaythedecisiveroleinallocatingresourcesis a breakthrough in our Party’s understanding of the laws governing thedevelopment of socialism with Chinese characteristics as well as a newachievement in the sinicization of Marxism. It symbolizes that the socialistmarketeconomyhasenteredanewstage.

To let the market play the decisive role in allocating resources and thegovernmentbetterperformitsfunctionswemusthaveagoodunderstandingofthe relationship between the role of the market and that of the government,whichrepresentsacoreissueinoureconomicstructuralreform.

TheThirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommitteechangedthemarket’sroleinallocatingresourcesfrom“basic”to“decisive.”Althoughonlyone word was altered, the market’s role was redefined. “Decisive role” is acontinuationandextensionof“basicrole.”

Lettingthemarketplaythedecisiveroleinallocatingresourcesandlettingthe government better perform its functions are not contradictory. It does notmeanthatthemarketcanreplacethegovernment’sfunctions,norviceversa.

Actuallythisisaneffort tokeepoureconomicreformtargetedatexistingproblems. Formore than two decades our socialistmarket economy has beendeveloping, yet there are still quite a number of problems and drawbacks thatinhibit the vitality of market entities and prevent the laws of the market andvaluefromfullyplayingtheirroles.

If theseproblemsarenotsolvedproperly itwillbedifficult toestablishawell-developed socialist market economy, further transform the developmentmodelandadjusttheeconomicstructure.

We should remain committed to the reform to establish and improve thesocialistmarketeconomyandbringthereformtoadeeperandwiderlevel.Weshouldreducethegovernment’sdirectinvolvementinresourceallocationanditsdirect interference in micro-economic activities.We should step up efforts todevelop a uniform market system characterized by openness and orderlycompetition, and set fair, open and transparent market rules. The governmentshould refrain fromgetting involved in theeconomicactivities that themarketcan regulate effectively, and let the market do what the government is notsupposed to do, so that the market can play its role of maximizing theeffectiveness and efficiency of resource allocation, and enterprises andindividualscanhavemoreroomtodeveloptheeconomyandcreatewealthwithvigorandvitality.

Scientific macro control and effective governance are the intrinsicrequirementsforgivingfullplaytothestrengthofthesocialistmarketeconomy.Toensurethatthegovernmentbetterperformsitsfunctions,weshouldtransformgovernmentfunctions,furtherthereformoftheadministrativesystem,usenewadministrative methods, improve the macro-control system and enhance themonitoring of market activities. We should strengthen and improve public

services, andpromote social fairness, justice and stability, aswell as commonprosperity.

Governments at all levels should exercise administration strictly inaccordancewith the law, and conscientiously fulfill their responsibilities. Thegovernment should manage well all matters that fall within its purview, andappropriatelydelegatepowersthatshouldbedelegated.Thegovernmentshouldmakeresoluteeffortstoavoidoversteppingitsboundsorfailingtoplayitsduerole.

Weshoulduphold theParty’s leadershipand let thePartyplay its roleastheleadershipcoreinexercisingoverallleadershipandcoordinatingallefforts.Thisisanimportantfeatureofoursocialistmarketeconomy.Overthelastthreedecades since the introduction of the reform and opening-up policy, we havemademarked achievements in our social and economic development, and thepeople’s living standards have improved noticeably. These successes areattributable to the fact thatwe have firmly upheld the Party’s leadership, andgiven fullplay to the rolesofPartyorganizationsat all levelsandofallPartymembers. InChina, theParty’sstrong leadership is thebasicguaranteefor thegovernmenttoplayitsduerole.

While comprehensively continuing the reform, we should uphold anddevelopour political advantages, anduse them toguide andpush forward thereform.Weshouldmotivateallthepeopletomakeconstanteffortsforabettersocialistmarketeconomy.

Inthenewsituationtoday,officialsatalllevels,especiallyleadingofficials,shouldcontinue to learn throughpractice,andputwhat theyhave learned intopractice,studynewproblemsanddrawonnewexperiences.Theyshouldlearnto correctly use both the “invisible hand” and the “visible hand,” and becomeexpertsinbalancingtherelationshipbetweenthegovernmentandthemarket.

TransitiontoInnovation-drivenGrowth*

June9,2014

* Part of the speech at the 17th General Assembly of theMembers of the Chinese Academy ofSciencesandthe12thGeneralAssemblyoftheMembersoftheChineseAcademyofEngineering.

Currently,allPartymembersandpeopleofallethnicgroupsarestrivingforthecompletionofthebuildingofamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsandtherealizationoftheChineseDream.The18thCPCNationalCongressputforward an important plan for the implementation of an innovation-drivenstrategy,andemphasized that scientificand technological innovation ispivotalto improvingsocialproductivityandthecomprehensivenationalstrength,so itmust beput in a core position in our overall national development.This is animportant strategy made by the CPC Central Committee, following a generalanalysisofthedomesticandinternationalsituations,andoftheoverallpictureofourdevelopment.

The 21st century heralds a new round of scientific, technological andindustrial revolution. Global scientific and technological innovation hasexhibitednewtrendsandfeatures.Cross-disciplinaryintegrationisaccelerating,new disciplines continue to emerge, and scientific frontiers keep spreading.Significantbreakthroughsarebeingmadeor expected inbasic scientific fieldssuchas thestructureofmatter, theevolutionof theuniverse, theoriginof lifeand the nature of consciousness. Widespread diffusion of information,biological,new-materialandalternative-energytechnologieshasbroughtaboutagreen,intelligentandubiquitoustechnologicalrevolution.

The boundaries between research into basic and applied sciences,technological development and industrialization in the traditional sense arebecoming increasingly blurred. The chain of scientific and technologicalinnovation has become more flexible, technology upgrading and conversionhavebecomequicker,andindustryupgradingcontinuestospeedup.

Scientific and technological innovation is constantly transcending

geological, organizational and technological limitations. It intensifies thecompetition between innovation systems and makes innovative strategiccompetition more important in the competition for comprehensive nationalstrength.Scientificandtechnologicalinnovations,likeafulcrumwhichissaidtobeable to lever theearth, alwayscreatemiracles.Thishasbeenproved in thedevelopmentofcontemporaryscienceandtechnology.

In face of the new trends of scientific and technological innovation, theworld’smajor countries are seeking tomake new scientific and technologicalbreakthroughs and gain competitive edges in future economic as well asscientificandtechnologicaldevelopment.Wecannotaffordtolagbehindinthisimportantrace.Wemustcatchupandthentrytosurpassothers.

Since the introduction of the reform and opening-up policy some threedecadesago,Chinahasmaderemarkableachievementsinsocialandeconomicdevelopment.ItseconomyhasleapttoNo.2intheworld,andmanyofitsmajoreconomicindicesrankhighontheworld’slist.

Neverthelesswemustbeclearthatoureconomy,thoughlargeinsize,isnotstrong.Itsgrowth,thoughfast,isnotofhighquality.Theextensivedevelopmentmodel featured by economic growth mainly driven by factor inputs such asnaturalresourcesisnotsustainable.

Now, the total population of well-off countries in the world is about 1billion,whileChinahasmore than1.3billionpeople. Ifwe are all tobecomemodernized, the well-off population must more than double. If we are toconsume asmuch energy in production anddaily lives as the presentwell-offpeopledo,alltheexistingresourcesintheworldwouldbefarfromenoughforus! The old path seems to be a dead end.Where is the new road? It lies inscientific and technological innovation, and in the accelerated transition fromfactor-drivenandinvestment-drivengrowthtoinnovation-drivengrowth.

A few days ago, I read an article which argued that the Third IndustrialRevolutionwouldbeaRobotRevolution. Itasserted that robotswouldchangethepatternof theglobalmanufacturing industry,andChinawouldbecome theworld’slargestrobotmarket.TheInternationalFederationofRoboticspredictedthattheRobotRevolutionwouldcreateamarketvalueoftrillionsofUSdollars.

Hardware and software for producing robots are becoming increasinglymature,theproductioncostkeepsdroppingandthefunctionsrobotscanperformaremorediversifiedthankstotheintegrationbetweenrobottechnologyandthenew generation of information technology, such as big data, cloud computingandthemobileInternet,andtherapiddevelopmentof3Dprintingandartificialintelligence. Military unmanned aerial vehicles, self-driving cars and home-servicerobotshavebeenputintoapplication.Someartificiallyintelligentrobotshaveprettysturdyself-thinkingandlearningability.

Robotsaredubbed“pearlsonthecrownofthemanufacturingindustry.”Acountry’s achievement in robotics research, development, manufacturing andapplicationisanimportantyardstickwithwhichtomeasureitslevelofscientificand technological innovation and high-end manufacturing. Major robot-producing companies and countries have stepped up their efforts to gainadvantagesintermsoftechnologyandmarkets.

I couldn’t helpwondering: Chinawill be the largest robotmarket in theworld,yetcanitstechnologyandmanufacturingcapabilitysustainitthroughthecompetition? We should make better robots and seize bigger market shares.Therearemany suchnew technologies andnew fields.Weshould sizeup thesituation, take the overall picture into account, and make plans as soon aspossibleandimplementthemsolidly.

To carry out the innovation-driven strategy, the basic thing for us is toenhance our independent innovation ability, and themost urgent thing in thisregard is to remove institutionalbarrierssoas tounleash to thegreatestextentthe huge potential of science and technology as the primary productive force.Most importantly, we should unswervingly follow an independent innovationpath featuring Chinese characteristics, stick to the guiding principles ofindependent innovation, leap-frogging development in key sectors, anddevelopment supported by science and technology and oriented towards thefuture,andspeedupthepaceofbuildinganinnovativecountry.

Years of painstaking efforts have resulted in great progress for China inscienceandtechnology,andChinahasenteredtheadvancedranksintheworldin some important fields. In certain fields, it has become a “forerunner” or“parallelrunner”insteadofa“follower.”Chinahasenteredavitalperiod,whennew industrialization, application of information technology, urbanization and

agricultural modernization are forging ahead simultaneously, in parallel orinteractively. This has created ample space and an unprecedentedly strongmomentumforindependentinnovation.

IhaverepeatedlysaidthatthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenationcanin no way be realized easily. In fact, the stronger we become, the greaterresistance andpressurewewill encounter.That’swhywe say that timing andresolution are vital, as historical opportunities are often ephemeral. Now wehaveanimportanthistoricalopportunitytopromotescientificandtechnologicalinnovation.Wemustnotmissit,butseizeittightly.

Weareblessedwithasolidmaterialfoundationlaidoverthe30-plusyearsof reform and opening up, and the fruits of persistent innovation, which arefavorablefortheinnovation-drivenstrategy.Hence,weshouldtaketheinitiativeand adopt a proactive strategy. As to scientific and technological policies ofgreat strategicvalue toour country andnation,we shouldmakeupourmindsand act without any hesitation. Otherwise, we will let slip the historicalopportunity,andmayevenhavetopayahigherprice.

InMarch2013 I talked about scientific and technological innovation at agroup discussion with scientists during the First Session of the 12th NationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference.Generallyspeaking, the foundation of our scientific and technological innovation is notsolid enough; our independent innovation ability, especially in the area oforiginal creativity, is not strong. We still have to depend on others for coretechnologyinkeyfields.Onlybyholdingkeytechnologyinourownhandscanwe really take the initiative in competition and development, and ensure oureconomicsecurity,nationalsecurityandsecurityinotherareas.

We cannot always decorate our tomorrows with others’ yesterdays. Wecannotalwaysrelyonothers’scientificandtechnologicalachievementsforourown progress. Moreover, we cannot always trail behind others. We have nochoicebuttoinnovateindependently.

Factsprovethatitisself-sufficiencythathasenabledtheChinesenationtostandamongtheworld’sindependentnations,andindependentinnovationistheonlypathtothesummitofscienceandtechnology.Withthisunderstanding,weshouldwastenotimeinmakingadifference.Wecannotkeepontalkingyearin

andyearoutbutdonothingaboutmakingadrasticchange.

Of course,wedon’tmean tomake independent innovationbehind closeddoorsorallbyourselves.Weshallnever rejectgoodexperiences fromothers,from any part of the world.We should engage in international scientific andtechnologicalexchangesandcooperationmoreproactively,andmakegooduseofbothdomesticandinternationalresources.

Science and technology are global and time-sensitive, sowemust have aglobal vision when we move forward. Currently, important scientific andtechnologicalbreakthroughsandtheiracceleratedapplicationarehighlylikelytoreshape the global economic pattern, and change the nature of industry andeconomiccompetition.

Intraditionalinternationalplaygrounds,therulesaresetbyothers,andweplay games by the established rules. Seizing the important opportunitiesmadeavailable by the new scientific, technological and industrial revolution meansthatwe should be part of the games, and yetwe can play amajor role in theconstruction of the playgrounds, even at the beginning, so that we can makerulesfornewgames.Wewillnothaveachanceifwearenotcapableenoughtobepart,indeedamajorpart,oftheconstructionteam.Opportunitiesarealwaysfor thosewho are fully prepared, and for thosewho are independent-minded,aspiringandpersevering.Wecannotmoveforwardbyleapsandboundsunlesswedosowithinnovation.

Geo-scientistLiSiguang[1]said,“Scienceexistsbecauseofnewdiscoveriesmadebyit.Itwoulddiewithoutnewdiscoveries.”[2]FrenchwriterVictorHugosaid, “Things created are insignificant when compared with things to becreated.”[3] The direction of our scientific and technological development isinnovation,innovationandmoreinnovation.Weshouldattachgreatimportanceto breakthroughs in basic theories, step up the construction of scientificinfrastructure, continue to push aheadwith basic, systematic and cutting-edgeresearch and development, and provide more resources for independentinnovation. We should actively integrate and make good use of globalinnovation resources. In response to our current and future needs, we shouldselectivelyparticipateintheconstructionanduseoftheworld’smajorscientificappliances,andresearchanddevelopmentbasesandcenters.

Weshouldseizestrategicopportunitiesinkeyscientificandtechnologicalrealms, select strategically important segments and priority areas relevant tooverall and long-term development, and promote collaborated innovation andopen innovation through effective and rational resource allocation.We shouldbuildanefficientandstrongsupplysystemofkeygenerictechnology,workhardtomakegreatbreakthroughsinkeytechnologyandholdkeytechnologyinourownhands.

“Apersonwithsharpearscanhearsoundsotherscannot,andapersonwithkeen vision can see things others cannot.”[4] There is no end to scientific andtechnologicalinnovation.Scientificandtechnologicalcompetitionislikeshort-track speed skating.Whenwe speed up, sowill others. Thosewho can skatefasterandmaintainahighspeedlongerwillwinthetitle.XunZi[5]asserted,“Ifagallantsteedleapsonlyonce,itcancoveradistanceofnomorethantensteps;if an inferior horse travels for ten days, it can go a long way because ofperseverance. If a sculptor stops chipping halfway, he cannot even cut deadwood,butifhekeepschipping,hecanengravemetalandstone.”[6]

Ourscientistsandengineersshouldbravelyshoulder theirresponsibilities,overtake others, and find the right direction, towhich they should stick.Theyshould have the courage and confidence to blaze new trails, overcomedifficultiesandseekexcellence,andaudaciouslymakeworld-leadingscientificandtechnologicalachievements.

The implementation of an innovation-driven development strategy is asystematicproject.Scientificand technologicalachievementscangenerate realvalueandpayoffonlyiftheymeettheneedsofthecountry,thepeopleandthemarket, and only after they have gone through the stages of research,developmentandapplication.

I havebeenwondering about the reasonwhyour science and technologygraduallylaggedbehindfromthelateMing(1368-1644)andearlyQing(1644-1911)dynasties.StudiesshowthatQingEmperorKangxi[7]wasveryinterestedinWesternscienceandtechnology.HeinvitedWesternmissionariestogivehimlectures on astronomy,mathematics, geography, zoology, anatomy,music andevenphilosophy.More than100bookson astronomywere introduced tohim.Whendidhe study these subjects, and forhow long?Hecontinuously studied

themfortwoyearsandfivemonthssometimebetween1670and1682.

Hebeganhis studyquite early, and learnedquite a lot.Theproblemwasthat,atthattime,althoughsomepeoplewereinterestedinWesternlearningandlearnedquitealotofit, theydidnotapplywhattheyhadlearnedtosocialandeconomicdevelopment.Rather,theysimplytalkedabouttheknowledge.

In 1708 theQinggovernment asked some foreignmissionaries to drawamapofChina.IttookthemtenyearstocompleteTheMapofImperialChina–thefirstofitskindat thattime.However, thisimportantworkwasconfinedtothe imperial storehouse as a top-secret document, away from the public eye.Therefore,ithadnoimpactonsocialoreconomicdevelopment.ButtheWesternmissionarieswhohaddrawnthemaptookthedatabacktotheWestandhaditpublished.Hence,forquitealongtimetheWestknewChina’sgeographybetterthantheChinesepeopledid.

What canwe learn from this story? Itmeans that science and technologymust be combined with social development. No matter how much one haslearned, it cannot possibly have any impact on society if the knowledge ismerelyputasideasanovelty,refinedinterest,clevertrickordoubtfulcraft.

For years, our scientific and technological achievements could not besmoothly converted to productivity. Why? Because there were institutionalbottlenecks in the scientific and technological innovation chain and looseconnectionsbetweenthevariouslinksintheinnovationandconversionprocess.It is like a relay race:The second baton carrier is not there or has no idea ofwheretoheadwhenthefirstarrives.

Tosolvethisproblem,wemustfurtherscientificandtechnologicalsystemreform, changemindsets and remove institutional barriers hindering scientificand technological innovation, properly handle the relationship betweengovernmentandmarket,andbetterintegratescienceandtechnologywithsocialandeconomicdevelopment.Wemustopenachannelthroughwhichscienceandtechnologycanboost industrial,economicandnationaldevelopment.Wemustspur innovationwith reform,accelerate theconstructionand improvementofanationalinnovationsystem,andletthewellwaterofinnovationgushoutfully.

If we compare scientific and technological innovation to a new engine

drivingourdevelopment,reformisanindispensibleignitionsystemwithwhichto start the engine. We should take more effective measures to improve theignitionsystem,andletthenewenginerunatfullspeed.

Whilecarryingoutthereformofthescientificandtechnologicalsystemweshouldprepareourselvestosolvedifficultproblems,andimplementtherelevantdecisions made at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC CentralCommittee.Weshouldputscientificandtechnologicalinnovationinthecenterof our overall national development, speed up the preparations for theinnovation-drivendevelopmentstrategy,anddrawroadmapsandtimetablesforimportanttasksinthisregard.

Thereformofthescientificandtechnologicalsystemshouldbecarriedoutatthesametimeassocialandeconomicreform.Weshouldreformtheplanningandresourceallocationmechanismforthenationalscientificandtechnologicalinnovation strategy, improve the performance evaluation system and incentivepolicies for officials, further cooperation between industries, universities andresearch institutes, and solve key problems obstructing the conversion ofscientificandtechnologicalachievementsassoonaspossible.

Weshouldvigorouslyimprovecoordinationinscientificandtechnologicalinnovationsoastoavoidfragmentationandisolation,aswellasoverlappingandrepetitionincampaignslaunchedbydepartmentsinvariousfields.Weshouldsetup a national innovation systemwithinwhich experts in all fields can interactandcollaboratetoachievehighefficiency.

We should improve the infrastructure of scientific and technologicalinnovation,buildandimprovethenationalscientificandtechnologicalreportingsystem,andmakeinnovationsinthesurveysystem,andnationalscientificandtechnological management information system as soon as possible, so as tomaximize resource sharing.Weshoulddeploy the innovationsetuparound theindustrial setup as well as the capital setup around the innovation setup.Weshould focus on national strategic goals and pool resources to tackle keyscientificandtechnologicalproblemspertainingtothenationaleconomyandthepeople’slivelihood.

Weshouldmovefastertoimprovethebasicresearchsystem,withthefocuson cutting-edge basic research, key common technology, and high-tech for

publicwelfareandthatofstrategicimportance.Weshoulddoubleoureffortsincompleting important national scientific projects, and race to the front ofinternationalscientificresearch.Whilecenteringonscientificandtechnologicalinnovation, we should also accelerate innovation in product, brand, industrialstructure and business model. We should carry out the innovation-drivenstrategythroughoutthemodernizationprocess.

While furthering the reform of scientific and technological systems, weshouldpayattentiontoamagicwandvitaltooursuccess–oursocialistsystem.We have mademany noticeable achievements in science and technology thisway. This practice must not be given up! We should let the market play adecisiveroleinallocatingresourcesandthegovernmentplayitsrolebetter.Weshould step up planning and coordination as well as collaborative innovation.We should pool our efforts to accomplish big tasks, and focus on important,cutting-edgeandbasicresearch.

“To accomplish extraordinary feats, we must wait for extraordinarypersons.”[8]Competent personnel are themost crucial factor for scientific andtechnological innovation. Respecting them has long been a fine Chinesetradition. As described in The Book of Songs[9], King Wen of the ZhouDynasty[10] respected competent people, who hence flocked to him, so hiscountrybecamestrongandprosperous.Theyarethemostimportantfactorsforacountry’s long-term development. We need them for our great nationalrejuvenation.Themoretalented,thebetter;themoreknowledgeable,thebetter.

Chinaisacountryrichinmanpowerandwisdom.Thewisdomofour1.3billion people is our most precious possession. Knowledge is power, andcompetentpersonnelshapethefuture.Ifwewanttogettotheforefrontofglobalscientificandtechnologicalinnovationwemustdiscover,nurtureandretainsuchpeople throughout the whole process of innovation. We must train a largenumberofhigh-caliber,creativescientistsandengineers.

Weareproudofhavingthegreatestnumberofscientistsandengineersinthe world. Nonetheless, we face a serious structural deficiency of innovativescientists and engineers, particularly world-class and other leading and high-caliberones.Theeducationandtrainingthatourengineershavereceivedsofararenotgearedtowardsproductionandinnovation.

“Ifyouwantoneyearofprosperity,thengrowgrain;ifyouwanttenyearsofprosperity,thengrowtrees;ifyouwantonehundredyearsofprosperity,thenyou grow people.”[11] We should make human resource development a toppriority for scientific and technological innovation. We should improve themechanism for training, recruiting and using competent personnel.We shouldworkhardtofosteracontingentofworld-classscientistsandengineersandotherleadingandhigh-caliberones,aswellashigh-levelinnovationteams.Weshouldfocusontrainingyounginnovativescientistsandengineersforthefrontlines.

We should perfect our competence-nurturing mechanism according topersonneldevelopmentlaws.“Weshouldrespectatree’snature,andletitgrowfreely.”[12]Weshouldnotseekquicksuccessandinstantbenefits,ortrytohelpyoungshootsgrowbydraggingthemup.Weshouldencouragebothcompetitionand cooperation, and promote a rational and orderly flow of competentpersonnel.Weshouldattractoutstandingexpertsandscholarsfromoverseasforour scientific and technological innovation. We should create a socialenvironment that encourages innovation and values success while toleratingwell-intentionedfailure.Weshouldimprovethecompetent-personnelevaluationsystemandcreateamplespaceforsuchpeopletogivefullplaytotheirtalents.

Thefuturebelongstotheyoung.Innovativeyoungpeoplearethesourceofourcreativityandthebesthopeforourscientificandtechnologicaldevelopment.“I beg OldMan Heaven to bestir himself, and send down talented people ofmorekindsthanone.”[13]Academiciansshouldnotonlybepioneersinscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,butalsoguidesforyoungpeople.Ihopethattheywill shoulder their responsibility in nurturing young scientists and engineers,instruct them throughwords and actions, and continuously discover, train andrecommendcompetentpersonnel,so that innovativepeoplecanstandoutfromthe crowd. Young scientists and engineers should be dedicated to science,develop innovative thinking, tap innovative potential and enhance innovativeability. They should continue to push ahead while learning from previousgenerations.

Notes

[1] Li Siguang (1889-1971)was a famous Chinese geologist and one of the founders of China’sgeomechanics.

[2]LiSiguang:“WhatHaveGeologistsDoneintheScientificFrontline?”,TheCompleteWorksofLiSiguang,Vol.8,Chineseed.,HubeiPeople’sPublishingHouse,1996,p.243.

[3]VictorHugo:OnWilliamShakespeare.

[4]SimaQian:RecordsoftheHistorian(ShiJi).SimaQian(c.145or135-?BC)wasahistorianandwriter in the Western Han Dynasty. The book, China’s first biographical-style historical and literarymasterpiece,coversmorethan3,000yearsfromthelegendaryYellowEmperortoEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty.

[5] Xun Zi (c. 325-238 BC) was a philosopher, thinker and educator of the lateWarring StatesPeriod. He believed that man could conquer nature, and that human nature was evil. His bookXunZisummarizesanddevelopsthephilosophicalthoughtsofConfucianism,TaoismandMohisminthepre-QinDynastyperiod.

[6]XunZi:XunZi.

[7]EmperorKangxi(1654-1722)ruledtheQingempirefrom1661to1722.

[8]BanGu:TheBookoftheHanDynasty(HanShu),alsoknownasTheBookoftheWesternHanDynasty(QianHanShu).ThiswasthefirstchronologicaldynastichistoryofChina.BanGuwasahistorianintheEasternHanDynasty(25-220).

[9]TheBookofSongs(ShiJing)wastheearliestcollectionofpoemsinChina.Itcontains305poemscollected over some 500 years from the earlyWestern Zhou Dynasty (c. 11th century-771 BC) to themiddleoftheSpringandAutumnPeriod(770-476BC).

[10]KingWen of Zhou (dates unknown), also known as Ji Chang,was the founder of the ZhouDynasty.

[11]GuanZi:GuanZi.GuanZi(c.720-645BC),alsoknownasGuanZhong,wasareform-mindedofficialoftheStateofQiduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.

[12] Liu Zongyuan: Tree Planter Hunchback Guo. Liu Zongyuan (773-819) was a writer andphilosopherintheTangDynasty(618-907).

[13]GongZizhen:MiscellaneousPoemsof1839(JiHaiZaShi).GongZizhen(1792-1841)wasathinker,historianandpoetintheQingDynasty(1644-1911).

RevolutionizeEnergyProductionandConsumption*

June13,2014

*Main points of the speech at the sixthmeeting of theCentral LeadingGroup on Financial andEconomicAffairs.

Energy security is an issue of general and strategic significance in theeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofacountry. It iscrucial todrivingnationaldevelopmentandprosperity,improvingstandardsofliving,andensuringlastingsocialpeaceandstability.Inthefaceofchangesinenergydemandandsupplyandnewdevelopmentsintheinternationalenergylandscape,Chinamustensurenational energy security by increasing energy production and creating arevolutioninconsumption.Thisisalong-termstrategy,butitmustbesupportedbykeytasksandmajorstepsthatrequireimmediateaction.

Afteryearsofdevelopment,Chinahasbecometheworld’s largestenergyproducer and consumer, with an energy supply structure that includes coal,electricity, petroleum, natural gas, new energy, and renewable energy.Remarkableimprovementshavebeenmadeintechnologyandequipment,andintheefficiencyofbothdomesticand industrial energyuse.AlthoughChinahasachieved great success in energy development, it still faces a range ofchallenges, including huge pressure on the demand side, a number of supplylimitations, serious environmental damage caused by energy production andconsumption,andoutdatedtechnology.Wemustdevelopastrategicoverviewofnational development and security to assess the situation, and then define asoundenergyblueprintforthefuture.

First, we must revolutionize energy consumption, and rein in irrationalenergyuse.Weneedtoimposestrictcontrolsonoverallenergyuse,effectivelyimplement a policy inwhich energy conservation is the top priority, and saveenergy across the board in all spheres of economic and social activity. Weshouldalsoadjustthestructureoftheenergyindustry,makeenergyconservationa priority in urbanization, and encourage an attitude to consumptioncharacterized by diligence and thrift. We must build an energy-conserving

society.

Second,wemustrevolutionizeenergysupply.Toensureenergysecuritywemustsetupasupplysystemreliantondiversifiedenergysources,promote theclean and efficient use of coal, and develop non-coal energy sources, therebycreatinganenergysupplysystemdrivenbycoal,petroleum,naturalgas,nuclearenergy,newenergyandrenewableenergy.Atthesametime,weshouldupgradeourtransmissionanddistributionnetwork,andbuildmorestoragefacilities.

Third,wemust revolutionize energy technology, and upgrade the relatedindustrialstructure.Weshouldencourageinnovationintechnology,inindustry,and inbusinessmodels,andpursuegreenand low-carbonenergydevelopmentsuited toournationalconditionsandadapted topositive international trends inthe energy technology revolution.Wewill combine such innovationwith newand high technology in other fields, and transformour energy technology andrelated industries into a new powerhouse to drive the overall industrialupgradingofourcountry.

Fourth, we must revolutionize the energy market. We will proceed withreform, restore energy’s status as a commodity, build a system of workablecompetition, and put in place amechanism inwhich energyprices are largelydrivenbythemarket.Inaddition,wewillchangethewaythat thegovernmentsupervises theenergy industry,andestablishand improve the legal frameworkforenergydevelopment.

Fifth,wemustenhanceinternationalcooperationinallsectors,andensurethat opening up supports energy security. While relying mainly on domesticenergysources,wewillstrengtheninternationalcooperationinallsectorsrelatedtoenergyproductionandconsumption,andmakeeffectiveuseofresourcesfromothercountries.

We need to study the 13th Five-year Plan for energy development, andwork out a strategy to revolutionize energy production and consumption by2030.Wewillmovefasterinrevisingenergyefficiencystandards.Alloutdatedregulationsmust be revised, updated on a regular basis and implemented.Wewillcontinue tobuild largecoal-fueledelectricitygeneratingpowerbaseseachwithacapacityof tenmillionkw.Wewill tightenthecriteriaforcoal-burningpower stations, upgrading all those that do notmeet energy conservation and

emission reduction standardswithin a specified time, and continue to developlong-distance, high-capacity power transmission technology. New nuclearprojects on the coast will be launched as soon as possible, and they will besubjecttotheworld’shighestsafetystandards.

Inaddition,Chinawillencourageenergycooperationthroughthe“OneBeltandOneRoad,”[1]andexpandoilandgascooperationwithcountriesinCentralAsia, the Middle East, the Americas and Africa. We will also intensify oureffortsinenergyexplorationandextraction,andbuildmoreoilandgaspipelinesand storage facilities. We will improve our emergency response, enhancecapacity building, improve systems providing energy statistics, and launchinitiatives to create, revise and abrogate laws and regulations in the energysector.

Notes

[1]“OneBeltandOneRoad”refertotheSilkRoadEconomicBeltandthe21st-centuryMaritimeSilkRoad.

RuleofLaw

Commemoratethe30thAnniversaryofthePromulgationandImplementationoftheCurrentConstitution*

December4,2012

*SpeechattheMeetingofthePeoplefromAllWalksofLifeinBeijingtoCommemoratethe30thAnniversaryofthePromulgationandImplementationoftheCurrentConstitution.

Comradesandfriends:

On December 4, 1982 the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People’sCongress(NPC)adoptedtheConstitutionofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.Ithas been 30 years since the Constitution was promulgated and implemented.Today, we are gathered here to solemnly commemorate this event of greathistorical and practical significance in order to ensure the comprehensive andeffectiveimplementationoftheConstitutionandcarryouttheguidelinesofthe18thCPCNationalCongress.

History is always inspiring.Lookingbackon theprogressof theChineseconstitutionalsystem,wearedeeplyawarethatitiscloselyconnectedwiththearduous struggle and splendid achievements of the Party and the people, andwiththetrailwehaveblazedandthevaluableexperiencewehavegained.

ThecurrentConstitutioncanbetracedbacktotheCommonProgramoftheChinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), which waspromulgated in 1949 to serve as the provisional Constitution, and theConstitutionof thePeople’sRepublicofChinaadoptedat theFirstSessionofthe First NPC in 1954. These documents affirmed the heroic struggle of theChinese people against domestic and foreign enemies and their striving fornational independence and people’s freedom and happiness over the previous100yearsinmodernChina,andaffirmedthehistoryinwhichtheCPCledtheChinesepeopleinwinningvictoryintheNewDemocraticRevolution[1]andinacquiringstatepower.

In1978 theCPCconvened theThirdPlenarySessionof the11thCentral

Committee, which was of great historical significance, ushering in a newhistoricalperiodofreformandopeningup.Developingsocialistdemocracyandimproving the socialist legal system became the unalterable basic principle oftheParty and the state. Itwas at thismeeting thatDengXiaopingpointedoutprofoundly: “To ensure people’s democracy we must strengthen our legalsystem. Democracy has to be institutionalized and written into law, so as tomake sure that institutions and laws do not change whenever the leadershipchanges,orwhenever the leaderschange theirviewsorshift the focusof theirattention.”[2]Inaccordancewiththeguidelines,principlesandpoliciessetforthat the Third Plenary Session, we reviewed China’s positive and negativeexperience in building socialism, drew the hard lessons from the ten-yearCulturalRevolution[3] (1966-1976), learnedfromthegainsandlossesofworldsocialism,andadapted to thenew requirementsof reformandopeningupandsocialist modernization, and the new demands of socialist democracy and thelegal system in China, whereby we promulgated the current Constitution.However, the Constitution must adjust to new circumstances, draw on newexperiencesandaffirmnewachievements,soastomaintainever-lastingvitality.In 1988, 1993, 1999 and 2004, respectively, the NPC made necessary andimportantamendments to theConstitution, soas toensure that itkeptupwiththetimeswhilemaintainingitsconsistencyandauthority.

As the fundamental law of the state, the Constitution verifies thedevelopments concerning the path, theories and system of socialism withChinese characteristics, demonstrates the common will and fundamentalinterestsoftheChinesepeopleofallethnicgroups,andhasbecomethesupremeexpressionofthecentralwork,basicprinciples,majorguidelinesandimportantpoliciesofthePartyandthestateinthenationallegalsystem.

Overthepast30yearstheConstitution,relyingonitssupremelegalstatusandpowerfullegalforce,hasconvincinglyensuredthattheChinesepeoplearethe masters of the country, vigorously promoted reform and opening up andsocialistmodernization,advancedthebuildingofalaw-basedsocialistcountry,facilitated thecauseofhumanrights,safeguardednationalreunification,ethnicunity and social stability, and exerted a profound influence on the political,economic,culturalandsociallifeofChina.

TheConstitutionhas fullyprovedover thepast30years that it is agood

Constitution that suits China’s national conditions and reality, and therequirementsofthetimes;thatit isacogentConstitutionthatdemonstratesthecommonwill of the people, safeguards their right to democracy, and protectstheir fundamental interests; that it is a vigorous Constitution that promotesnationaldevelopmentandprogress,guaranteesahappylifefor thepeople,andensuresthattheChinesenationachievesitsgreatrejuvenation;andthatitisthefundamentallegalguaranteeenablingourcountryandpeopletopassthroughalldifficulties, risks and tests and to forge ahead along the socialist path withChinesecharacteristics.

From the implementation of the Constitution over the past 60-plus yearssince the founding of the People’s Republic in 1949, we can see that theConstitutioniscloselyboundupwiththefutureofthecountryandthedestinyofthe people. Safeguarding the authority of the Constitution is safeguarding theauthorityofthecommonwillofthePartyandthepeople.UpholdingthedignityoftheConstitutionisupholdingthedignityofthecommonwillofthePartyandthe people. Ensuring the implementation of the Constitution is ensuring thepeople’s fundamental interests. As long as we respect and implement theConstitutionthepeoplewillbeabletobemastersofthecountry,andthecauseofthePartyandthestatewillbeabletoprogresssmoothly.IftheConstitutionisdisregarded, weakened or even sabotaged, the people’s rights and freedomscannot be guaranteed, and the cause of the Party and the state will suffer.Therefore,preciousinspirationsfromlong-termpracticemustbecherished.Weshould be more active in taking the initiative in abiding by the principlesprescribed by the Constitution, carrying forward its essence and fulfilling thedutiesitprescribes.

While fully affirming our achievements,we should also be aware of ourshortcomings: The oversight mechanisms and pertinent systems to ensure theimplementationof theConstitutionarenotyetcomplete; lawsarenotproperlyobservedorstrictlyenforced,andlawbreakersarenotprosecutedbysomelocalregions and government agencies; problems concerning the people’s directinterestsremainprominentinlawenforcementandjurisdiction;abuseofpower,malfeasanceandderelictionofdutybygovernmentemployees,andlawbreakingby law-enforcement personnel for personal gain have seriously damaged theauthorityofthenationallegalsystem;andawarenessoftheneedtoobservetheConstitutionamongcitizensandsomeofficialsneedstobefurtherenhanced.We

mustpaycloseattentiontoandearnestlysolvetheseproblems.

Comradesandfriends,

The18thCPCNationalCongressstressed:TheruleoflawisafundamentalprinciplebywhichthePartyleadsthepeopleinrunningthecountry;theruleoflaw is the basic way to run the country; we should give greater scope to theimportant role the rule of law plays in the country’s governance and socialmanagement;andweshouldpromotelaw-basedgovernanceofthecountryinanall-roundway,andacceleratethebuildingofasocialistcountrybasedontheruleof law. To achieve this objective, we must comprehensively implement theConstitution.

Comprehensively implementing the Constitution is the primary task andgroundwork forbuildinga law-based socialist country.TheConstitution is thefundamentallawofthestateandthegeneralprogramformanagingstateaffairs;enjoying supreme legal status, legal authority and legal validity, it isfundamental and consistent, and is of overall and long-term importance. Thepeople of all ethnic groups, all government agencies, the armed forces, allpolitical parties and public organizations, and all enterprises and publicinstitutions in the countrymust take the Constitution as the basic standard ofconduct and regard it as a duty to uphold the dignity of the Constitution andensure its implementation. No organization or individual is privileged to actbeyond theConstitutionor the law.Allacts inviolationof theConstitutionorthelawmustbeinvestigated.

ThelifeoftheConstitutionisinitsimplementation,andsoisitsauthority.Wemust persistently ensure the implementation of theConstitution, and raisethecomprehensiveimplementationoftheConstitutiontoanewlevel.

First, we should uphold the correct political direction, and keep to thesocialistpathofmakingpoliticalprogresswithChinesecharacteristics.Sincethereform and opening-up policywas introduced in 1978 our Party, rallying andleadingthepeople,hasmademajorprogressindevelopingsocialistdemocracy,and successfully opened up and kept to the socialist path of making politicaladvance with Chinese characteristics, thus charting the correct course forachieving themost-extensive-possible people’s democracy in China. The corethought,underlyingcomponentandbasic requirementof thispoliticalpathare

all affirmed in theConstitution, their theoretical essencebeing closely related,integrated andmutually reinforcing.Wemust uphold, implement and developthesystemsandprinciplessetforthintheConstitution,namely,thebasicsystemandbasic tasksof thestate, thecore leadershipandtheoreticalguidanceof thestate, the state systemwhich is a socialist state under the people’s democraticdictatorship ledby theworkingclassandbasedon theallianceofworkersandfarmers, the system of people’s congresses as the system of government, thesystemofmultipartycooperationandpoliticalconsultationundertheleadershipoftheCPC,thesystemofregionalethnicautonomy,thesystemofcommunity-level self-governance, the patriotic united front, the socialist legal system, theprinciple of democratic centralism, and the principle of respecting andsafeguardinghumanrights.

Thekey tokeeping to thesocialistpathofmakingpoliticalprogresswithChinesecharacteristicsis toensuretheunityoftheleadershipoftheParty, thepositionofthepeopleasmastersofthecountryandlaw-basedgovernance,soasto guarantee the fundamental position of the people, to reach the goal ofenhancingthevitalityofthePartyandthecountryandkeepingthepeoplefullymotivated, to expand socialist democracy and to promote socialist politicalprogress.WemustupholdtheideaprescribedintheConstitutionthatallpowerofthestatebelongstothepeople;extensivelymobilizeandorganizethepeopletoexercisestatepowerthroughpeople’scongressesatalllevels,andtomanagestate and social affairs and economic and cultural programs by variousmeansand invarious forms; and ensure that thepeople jointlyparticipate innationaldevelopment,sharethebenefitsofprogress,accomplishthecommoncause,andbecomethemastersofthecountry,ofsocietyandofthemselves.Adheringtotheprincipleofdemocraticcentralism,thesystemofstatepowerandthestandardsof actionsdefined in theConstitution,we should exercise statepower throughthe people’s congresses, ensure that decision-making power, executive powerandoversightpowerfunctionindependentlybutarecoordinatedwitheachother,ensurethatgovernmentagenciesexercisetheirpowerandperformtheirdutiesinaccordancewithstatutorymandatesandprocedures,andensurethatgovernmentagenciesorganizeall undertakingsconcertedlyandeffectively.Abidingby thesystems and principles established by the Constitution, we should correctlyhandle therelationshipbetweenthecentralandlocalgovernments,betweenallethnicgroupsandbetweenthe interestsofallparties,andmobilizeallpositiveefforts to consolidate the political situation and make it more democratic,

unified, stable and harmonious. We should adapt ourselves to the needs ofexpanding people’s democracy and promoting social and economicdevelopment,proactivelyandsteadilyadvancepoliticalreforms,makepeople’sdemocracymoreextensive,adequateandcomplete,givefullplaytothestrengthof our socialist political system, and constantly push forward the self-improvementanddevelopmentofthesocialistpoliticalsystem.

Second,weshouldimplementtheruleoflawasthebasicstrategy,

and accelerate the building of a law-based socialist country. TheConstitutionestablishesthefundamentalprincipleofoursocialistlegalsystem,explicitlystipulatesthatthePeople’sRepublicofChinapracticestheruleoflawand builds a law-based socialist country, and the state upholds the uniformityand dignity of the socialist legal system.To implement the rule of law as thebasic strategy, and accelerate the building of a law-based socialist countryweshouldmake laws throughproperprocedures,enforce themstrictly,administerjusticeimpartially,andensurethateveryoneabidesbythelaw.

We must take the Constitution as the supreme legal norm, continue toimproveour socialist systemof lawswithChinese characteristics underpinnedbytheConstitution,bringallstateundertakingsandworkontothetrackofthelegalsystem,ensurethattherearelawstoabideby,thatlawsareobservedandstrictlyenforced,andthat lawbreakersareprosecuted,safeguardsocialfairnessandjustice,andmakestateandsociallifemoreinstitutionalizedandlaw-based.TheNPC and its Standing Committeemust enhance legislation in key fields,expandthechannelsforthepeople’sorderlyparticipationinlegislation,promotetheimplementationoftheConstitutionthroughwell-establishedlaws,andensuretheimplementationofthesystemsandprinciplesestablishedbytheConstitution.The State Council and local people’s congresses along with their standingcommitteeswithlegislativepowermustformulateandamendadministrativeandlocal regulations inaccordancewithcurrent laws, soas toensure theeffectiveimplementationof theConstitutionand laws.State administrative, judicial andprocuratorial bodies at all levels must exercise government administration inaccordancewith the law, administer justice impartially, accelerate thebuildingoflaw-basedgovernment,andconstantlyincreasejudicialcredibility.TheStateCouncil and local people’s governments at all levels are the executive andadministrativebodiesofstatepower,andbearthemajorresponsibilityofstrictlyimplementingtheConstitutionandlaws,andsomustpromoteprocedure-based

government conduct and conscientiously ensure strict, impartial and civilizedlaw enforcement.We should continue the reformof the judicial structure to adeeper level,andensure the independentand impartialexerciseof judicialandprocuratorialpowerspursuanttolaw.TheNPCanditsStandingCommitteeandrelated state oversight bodies should fulfill their oversight duties, enhanceoversight and inspection for the implementation of theConstitution and laws,improveoversightmechanismsandprocedures,andresolutelycorrectbreachesof theConstitution and laws. Local people’s congresses at all levels and theirstandingcommitteesmustexercisetheirpowersinaccordancewiththelaw,andmake sure that the Constitution and laws are observed and enforced in theirrespectiveadministrativeregions.

Third,wemustmaintainthepeople’sdominantpositioninthecountry,andensure that all citizens enjoy their rights and perform their duties. ThefundamentalrightsanddutiesofcitizensarethecoreoftheConstitution,whichinturnservesasthefundamentalguaranteeforeverycitizentoenjoyhisrightsand perform his duties. The underpinning of the Constitution is the people’sheartfeltsupport,and thepowerof theConstitution lies in thepeople’ssincerefaith.Onlybyensuringthatallcitizensareequalbefore thelaw,byrespectingand protecting human rights and by ensuring that the people enjoy extensiverightsandfreedomsasprescribedby law,can theConstitution takeroot in thepeople’sminds,canitbewellreceivedbythepeople,andcanallthepeopletaketheinitiativeinimplementingtheConstitution.

Wemustensurethatallcitizensenjoyextensiverightsinaccordancewiththelaw,thattheirrightofthepersonandpropertyandbasicpoliticalrightsareinviolable,andthattheireconomic,culturalandsocialrightsareexercised.Wemust safeguard the fundamental interests of the overwhelmingmajority of thepeople, and fulfill their aspirations for and pursuit of a better life.We shouldaddresspublicdemands impartiallyandinaccordancewith the law,enable thepeopletofeelthatjusticeisservedineverycasebeforethecourts,anderadicateelementsthathurttheirsentimentsordamagetheirinterests.Weshouldenhancepublicity and education about the Constitutionwidely in society, improve theawarenessof theneedtoabidebytheConstitutionandlegalsystemamongallthepeople,especiallyamongofficialsatall levelsandgovernmentemployees,carry forward the socialist rule of law, cultivate a law-based socialist culture,make the Constitution known to every household, and create a good social

atmosphere of studying, observing and applying the law. We should makeunremittingeffortstofirmlyestablishtheauthorityoftheConstitutionandlaws,getthepeopletofullytrustthelaw,consciouslyapplythelawandbeawarethattheConstitution isnotonly thecodeofconduct thatallcitizensmustabidebybutalsoa legalweapon tosafeguard their rightsand interests.Weshould takeeducationabouttheConstitutionasamajorelementofPartyofficials’training,ensure that officials at all levels and government employees master the basicknowledge of theConstitution, and cultivate the consciousness to be loyal to,abidebyandupholdtheConstitution.Lawiswrittenmorality,whilemoralityisconsciouslaw.Weshouldintegratetheruleoflawwithrulebyvirtue,paymoreattention to the rule of virtue in citizens’ conduct, and encourage citizens toprotect their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law whileconscientiouslyfulfilling theirdutiesprescribedby law,whichmeansenjoyingrightswhileperformingduties.

Fourth,weshouldupholdtheParty’s leadership,andlaygreateremphasison improving theway it exercises leadership and governance. In essence, therule of law is rule by the Constitution; the key to law-based governance isConstitution-based governance. In the new circumstances, to perform its dutyproperlyinstategovernanceandnationalrejuvenation,ourPartyshouldexercisestrictdiscipline,andgovernthecountryinaccordancewiththeConstitution.Asit leads thepeople informulatingandimplementing theConstitutionand laws,thePartymustactwithinthelimitsprescribedbytheConstitutionandlaws,andensurethatitexercisesleadershipinlegislation,guaranteeslawenforcementandtakestheleadinobservingthelaw.

WemustensurethatthePartyplaysitsproperroleastheleadershipcoreinexercisingoverallleadershipandcoordinatingtheeffortsofall,upholdstheruleoflawasthefundamentalstrategyandadministrationinaccordancewiththelawasthebasicway,turnstheParty’sviewsintothewillofthestatethroughlegalprocedures, trains candidates recommended by Party organizations to becomeleaders of agencies of state power, exercises the Party’s leadership over thecountry and society through the agencies of state power, and supports theagenciesofstatepoweralongwiththeadministrative,judicialandprocuratorialbodiestocarryouttheirworkseparatelyyetconcertedlyinaccordancewiththeConstitutionandlaws.Partyorganizationsandofficialsatalllevelsshouldsetanexample in promoting the rule of law, constantly improve their law-based

governancecapacityandlevel,andpersistentlypushaheadinstitutionalizedandlaw-based management of state affairs. Officials at all levels should upgradetheirability inboth thinkingandactiontofurther thereformtoadeeper level,promotedevelopment,resolveproblemsandmaintainstability,formalaw-basedapproach to administering affairs, dealingwith difficulties, handling problemsandresolvingconflicts,andadvanceallundertakingsalongthepathoftheruleoflaw.Weshouldimprovethemechanismforconductingchecksandoversightontheexerciseofpower,throughlinkingpowerwithresponsibility,supervisingthe exercise of power, enforcing accountability for dereliction of duty, andprosecuting breaches of the law, so that the power granted by the people canalwaysbeexercisedintheirinterests.

Comradesandfriends,

The whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups must rally closelyaround the Party Central Committee, uphold socialism with Chinesecharacteristics, follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the importantthought of the Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development,promote the ruleof lawand law-basedgovernanceandadministration,buildalaw-basedcountry,governmentandsociety,andconscientiouslyimplementtheguidingprinciplesof the18thCPCNationalCongress inall theirworkfor thegoalsofbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsandusheringinanewstageofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.

Notes

[1] The New Democratic Revolution (1919-1949) is a bourgeois democratic revolution againstimperialism and feudal dictatorship under the leadership of the proletariat. It did not aim at founding arepublicruledbythebourgeoisie,butapeople’srepublicledbytheproletariat,basedontheworker-peasantalliance,andruledbyalltherevolutionaryclasses.Spanningthreedecadesfrom1919,whentheMay4thMovementbegan,to1949,whenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded,therevolutionwagedbytheCPCagainstimperialism,feudalismandbureaucrat-capitalismisdubbedtheNewDemocraticRevolution.

[2]DengXiaoping:“EmancipatetheMind,SeekTruthfromFactsandUniteasOneinLookingtotheFuture,”SelectedWorksofDengXiaoping,Vol.II,Eng.ed.,ForeignLanguagesPress,Beijing,1994,p.156.

[3]TheGreatCulturalRevolution,orCulturalRevolutionforshort,referstothepoliticalmovementwronglylaunchedbyMaoZedongthatlastedfromMay1966toOctober1976andwasparticipatedinbythe general public. Manipulated by Lin Biao and the counter-revolutionary group represented by JiangQing,itcausedgravedisasterstotheCPC,thecountryandthepeopleofallethnicgroups.

DevelopaLaw-basedCountry,GovernmentandSociety*

February23,2013

*MainpointsofthespeechatthefourthgroupstudysessionofthePoliticalBureauofthe18thCPCCentralCommitteewhichXipresidedover.

Oureffortstocompletethebuildingofamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinall respects presuppose a higher demand for the rule of law. We shouldcomprehensively implement the guiding principles of the 18th CPC NationalCongress, and follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the importantthoughtoftheThreeRepresentsandtheScientificOutlookonDevelopment.Weshould take a well-designed approach to legislation, enforce the law strictly,administer justice impartially,andensure thateveryoneabidesby the law.Weshould exercise governance and administration in accordance with the law,develop a law-based country, government and society simultaneously, andtherebybringtheruleoflawtoanewstage.

A system of socialist laws with Chinese characteristics, with theConstitution to thefore,hasbeenformedinChina,sooverallwehave laws toabidebyinallaspectsofstateandsociallife.Thisisagreatachievement.Thelaws, based on practice, should develop as the situation changes. We willimprove legislationplans, concentrateonpriorities, attach equal importance tomaking new laws and revising and repealing existing ones, make legislationmore appropriate and democratic, and make laws more targeted, timely andsystematic. We should improve the working mechanism and procedures oflegislation, expand the scale of orderly public participation, and give fullconsideration to the opinions of all parties involved, so as to make the lawsproperlyreflecttheneedsofeconomicandsocialdevelopment,bettercoordinateinterests,andgivefullplaytotheleadingandmotivationalroleoflegislation.

WeshouldstrengthentheenforcementoftheConstitutionandthelaw,anduphold the unity, dignity and authority of the socialist legal system, so thatpeopleneitherwant,norareable,nordaretobreakthelaw.Wewillmakesurethat laws are abided by and strictly enforced, and lawbreakers are prosecuted.

Administrative bodies are important in implementing laws and regulations, sotheyshouldtaketheleadinenforcinglawsandsafeguardingpublicinterests,thepeople’s rights and public order. Law executors should be faithful to the law.Leadingbodiesandofficialsatalllevelsshouldbecomebetterabletothinkandactbasedon law,andwork to reachconsensusonreform,promoteprocedure-based development, resolve conflicts, and safeguard social harmony inaccordancewiththelaw.Wewillstrengthentheoversightoflawenforcement,makesure that there isno illegal interference in lawenforcement,andpreventand overcome regional and departmental protectionism. We will fightcorruption, andmake sure that thosewho have power take responsibility, theexerciseofpowerissubjecttooversightandlawbreakersareprosecuted.

We will make every effort to ensure that the people feel that justice isserved in every court case. Bearing this in mind, all judicial bodies shouldimprovetheirwork,focusingonresolvingthedeep-seatedproblemsthataffectjudicialjusticeandconstrainourjudicialcapacity.Weshouldensurejusticeforthepeopleandimproveourjudicialworkingpractices.Weshouldprovidegoodservices to helppeople overcomebarriers to justice, particularly by increasinglegal aid for people in difficulties to safeguard their legitimate rights. Judicialworkersneedtomaintainclose tieswith thepeople,carryoutprocedure-basedjudicial activities, increase judicial transparency, and respond to the people’sconcern and expectations for judicial justice and transparency.Wewill ensurethat judicial and procuratorial bodies exercise their power independently andimpartiallyinaccordancewiththelaw.

AllorganizationsandindividualsshouldactwithinthescopeprescribedbytheConstitutionandthe law.Allcitizens,socialorganizationsandgovernmentagencies should act and exercise their rights and powers, and fulfill theirobligationsanddutiesinaccordancewiththeConstitutionandthelaw.Wewillmakesurethatthelawsarewellreceivedbythepeople,fostersocialistruleoflaw throughout society, encourage all thepeople toobserve the lawand solvetheirproblemsbythelaw,andformafavorableenvironmentinwhichitisheldto be honorable to observe the law. We will combine education in the legalsystemwithlaw-basedgovernance,andpromotesocialadministrationundertherule of law.We should integrate the rule of lawwith rule by virtue and legalenforcement with ethical progress, encourage both regulation by laws and byself-discipline,andensurethattheruleoflawandrulebyvirtuecomplementand

reinforceeachother.

TheCPCistherulingpartyinChina.TheParty’slaw-basedgovernanceisofgreatsignificanceforensuring theruleof law.Wemustensure theunityoftheParty’s leadership, thepositionof thepeopleasmastersof thecountryandlaw-basedgovernance,andfollowtheParty’sleadershipintheentireprocessofrulingthecountrybylaw.Partyorganizationsatalllevelsshouldactwithinthescopeprescribedby theConstitutionand the law.Officialsatall levels shouldperformtheirdutiesinaccordancewiththelawandtaketheleadinabidingbythe law. Organization departments of the Party at all levels should make theperformance of officials in accordancewith the law an important criterion fortheirassessment.

PromoteSocialFairnessandJustice,EnsureaHappyLifeforthePeople*

January7,2014

*Main points of the speech at a central conference on judicial, procuratorial and public securitywork.

Weshouldmakesafeguardingsocialstabilityourbasictask,promotesocialfairnessandjusticeascorevalues,andensureahappylifeforthepeopleasourfundamental target. We should enforce the law strictly, administer justiceimpartially, further promote reform, strengthen and improve judicial,procuratorial and public securitywork, and safeguard the vital interests of thepeople.Insodoing,wewillensuretherealizationoftheTwoCentenaryGoalsandtheChineseDreamofthenation’sgreatrenewal.

Judicial,procuratorial andpublic securitydepartments should takeaclearstand in upholding the leadership of the Party. This means upholding thepeople’s status as the masters of the country and implementing law-basedgovernance, the Party’s basic strategy of leading the people in governing thecountry.WeshouldunswervinglyadheretotheParty’sleadershipoverjudicial,procuratorial and public security work, and at the same time strengthen andimproveitsleadership.

WeshouldcorrectlybalancetheParty’spoliciesandthestate’slaws.Bothreflectthefundamentalwillofthepeople,andsharethesamenature.ThePartyleads the people in enacting and enforcing the Constitution and laws. Itguaranteestheenforcementofthelawsenactedunderitsleadershipandtakestheleadinobservingthem.Judicial,procuratorialandpublicsecurityofficersshouldconscientiously safeguard the authority of the Party’s policies and the state’slaws, and make sure that both are executed properly. We should properlybalance the need to uphold the Party’s leadership and the need for judicial,procuratorial and public security organs to exercise their power independentlyandimpartially inaccordancewiththelaw.Partyorganizationsandofficialsatall levels should support theseorgans in taking responsibility independently in

accordance with the Constitution and laws, and carrying out their work in aconcerted and coordinated way. Commissions for judicial, procuratorial andpublic security affairs under theParty committees should have clearly definedfunctions. They should apply the rule of law to their leadership over judicial,procuratorial andpublic securitywork andplay a key role inmodernizing thegovernancesystemandcapacityofthestate.

It is a basic task for judicial, procuratorial and public security organs tomaintainsocialstability.Weshouldkeepacarefulbalancebetweenmaintainingsocialstabilityandsafeguardingthepeople’slegitimaterightsandinterests.Weshould address the people’s proper and lawful demands on matters affectingtheir interests, and improve the institutions that are important for safeguardingtheir vital interests. We should assert the authority of the law in solvingconflicts,sothatpeopleareconvincedthattheirrightsandinterestsareprotectedimpartially and effectively. In addition,we should identify a balance betweenenlivening development and maintaining public order. We need to deal withsocial conflicts systematically and comprehensively at the source and inaccordancewiththelaw,aswellastomobilizethewholeofsocietytosafeguardsocialstability.

Judicial,procuratorialandpublicsecurityworkisaimedatachievingsocialfairnessandjusticeascorevalues.Inasense,promotingfairnessandjusticeisthelifebloodofthiswork,andjudicial,procuratorialandpublicsecurityorgansare the last line indefenseofsocial justiceandfairness.Judicial,procuratorialandpublic securityofficers shoulduse the scales of fairness and the swordofjustice to guarantee a fair and just society with concrete actions, and ensureaccess to fairness and justice for every individual. We should focus onaddressing seriousviolationsofpeople’s rights and interests.Weshouldneverturndownpeoplewhoaskusforhelp,neverrefusetoaccepttheircasesbecausethey cannot pay, never abuse power to violate people’s legitimate rights andinterests,orviolatethelawtocreateinjusticesandwronglydecidedcases.

It is thefundamentalpurposeof judicial,procuratorialandpublicsecuritywork to ensure that the people lead a happy life. Judicial, procuratorial andpublicsecurityorgansandofficersshouldaddressthepeople’sproblemsthewaythey do their own, andwork on the people’s small problems theway they dotheir own big problems.We will work for the satisfaction of the people andcorrectanyofourpracticestheyarenothappyabout.Wewillprovideeffective

legal protection for the people’s happy life. We should strengthen thecomprehensive maintenance of public order, and resolutely reverse the risingincidenceofseriouscrimestoprotectthepeople’slivesandproperty.

To accomplish their noble mission entrusted by the Party and people,judicial, procuratorial and public security organsmust enforce the law strictlyand administer justice impartially. Justice breeds trust, and honesty fosterscredibility.Weshouldupholdourprofessionalconscienceandenforce the lawfor thegoodof thepeople.We shouldguide judicial, procuratorial andpublicsecurityofficerstoactwithintheboundsoftheirprofessionalcodeofconduct,never toleratewhat thepeopledetest, act quickly if thepeople so require, andstrictlyadministerjusticewithawe-inspiringintegrity.Weshouldbelieveinandimplement the rule of law, acquire a good knowledge and profoundunderstandingofthelaw,andabidebyanddefendthelaw.Weshouldholdourposition firm, uphold righteousness, and respect only facts and the law in lawenforcement.

Impartial law enforcement should be guaranteed by institutions.We willapply institutions to every aspect of law enforcement as a “wall” wired with“high-tensionelectricityline.”Violatorswillbesubjecttotheseverestpossiblepenalties,orbeprosecutedforcriminalliabilityifthecircumstancesconstituteacrime. Open trials promote justice, and transparency ensures impartiality.Weshouldtaketheinitiativeinmakingtrialsopenandinvitingoversighttorendermanipulationandjudicialcorruptionimpossible.

Officialsatalllevelsshouldtaketheleadinactinginaccordancewiththelaw, and make sure that they do not do anything that violates the law. Theyshouldnotexercisepower that isnotallowedfor themby lawor,evenworse,override the law by fiat or bend the law. We should establish a soundregistration, filing and reporting mechanism, as well as an accountabilitymechanismforofficials’interventioninjudicialaffairsinviolationofstatutoryprocedures.

On the whole, our judicial, procuratorial and public security officers aregood.They are loyal to theParty, serve our people, are able to takeon toughchallenges,andbravedeath.Theyarehighlycompetentfunctionaries thePartyand the people can absolutely trust. Party committees and governments at alllevels should implement preferential policies and measures for these officers,

and help themwith their practical problems.We should build a contingent ofjudicial, procuratorial and public security officers who have firm politicalbeliefs, strong professional expertise, a good sense of responsibility anddiscipline,andgoodmoralcharacter,arefirmintheirfaith,enforcethelawforthepeople,arenotafraidtotakeonresponsibilities,andareuprightandhonest.

It isessential forour judicial,procuratorialandpublicsecurityofficers tohavefirmidealsandconvictions.Weshouldgivetopprioritytoeducationinthisregardfortheseofficers.WeshouldmakesurethattheyupholdsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,faithfullyfollowtheordersoftheParty,andremaintruetotheirmission.WeshouldseetoitthattheyputtheParty’scause,thepeople’sinterests and the Constitution and laws above everything else, and remainpoliticallyloyaltotheParty,nation,peopleandlaw.

Judicial, procuratorial and public security officers should fully shouldertheirresponsibilitytofightcrimesinsteadofturningablindeyetothem.Whenfacingdangerous,urgentorintractabletasks,theyshouldgoalloutandcompletethem without hesitation. We should strengthen education in discipline andimprovethemechanismthatmaintainsdiscipline,anduseirondisciplinetotraina strong contingent of judicial, procuratorial and public security officers.Weshouldimprovetheirprofessionalexpertisetomakesurethattheycompletetheirtasks.We shouldwipe out corruption in the judicial, procuratorial and publicsecurityfieldswiththestrongestwillandthemostresoluteactions,andremovethebadapplesfromthem.

Judicial reform is amajor part of our political reforms, andgreatly helpsmodernize the state’s governance system and capacity. We should providestronger leadership and better coordination, and focus on real results in theprocessofbuildingajust,efficientandauthoritativesocialistjudicialsysteminordertobetterupholdtheParty’sleadership,givefullplaytothespecialfeaturesofChina’sjudicialsystem,andpromotesocialfairnessandjustice.

MeetingChineseandforeignjournalistsattheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijingonNovember15,2012,soonafterhewaselectedgeneralsecretaryoftheCPCCentralCommitteeattheFirstPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommittee,alongwithothernewly-electedmembersoftheStandingCommitteeofthePoliticalBureau:LiKeqiang(3rdfromright),ZhangDejiang(3rdfromleft),YuZhengsheng(2ndfromright),LiuYunshan(2ndfromleft),WangQishan(1stfromright)andZhangGaoli(1stfromleft).

ShakinghandswithHuJintao,hispredecessor,whenmeetingwithspecially-inviteddeputiesandnon-votingdeputiestothe18thCPCNationalCongress,attheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijing,November15,2012.

Visiting“TheRoadtoRejuvenation”exhibitionattheNationalMuseumofChina,alongwithotherleaders,namelyLiKeqiang,ZhangDejiang,YuZhengsheng,LiuYunshan,WangQishanandZhangGaoli,November29,2012,whenheforthefirsttimeputforwardtheideaoftheChineseDreamofgreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.

TalkingwiththosewhohadparticipatedintheconstructionoftheShenzhenSpecialEconomicZoneinLianhuashanParkofShenzhen,duringhisinspectiontourofShenzhen,December8,2012,whenheemphasizedthecontinuationofreformandopeningupinthenewconditions.

TalkingwithasalespersonaboutthepriceandsupplyofvegetablesatWuquanVegetableMarket,LanzhouinGansuProvince,February4,2013,shortlybeforetheSpringFestival.

Givingakeynotespeechattheclosingceremonyofthe12thNationalPeople’sCongress,March17,2013.HewaselectedpresidentofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaattheFirstSessionoftheCongressthreedaysearlier.

PuttingonabamboohatgiventohimbylocalLiethnicpeopleatLandeRoseCulturalParkonYalongBay,duringaninspectiontourofHainanProvince,April9,2013.

GreetingastronautsNieHaisheng,ZhangXiaoguangandWangYapingpriortothelaunchingoftheShenzhou10mannedspacecraftattheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchingCenterinGansuProvince,June11,2013.

VisitingYangluoContainerHarborinWuhan,duringhisinspectionofreformandeconomicdevelopmentinHubeiProvince,July21,2013.

ReviewingthemarineguardofhonoronTheLiaoning,China’sfirstaircraftcarrier,August28,2013.

ChattingwithfarmersofShibadongVillage,HuayuanCounty,XiangxiTujiaandMiaoAutonomousPrefecture,duringaninspectionofHunanProvince,November3,2013.

Holdingthehandof83-year-oldWangKechang,awarveteran,whenvisitingZhucunVillage,LinshuCounty,anoldrevolutionarybaseareainShandongProvince,November25,2013.

WithasoldieronapatrolalongtheborderinArxanareaoftheInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion,January26,2014.Thelocaltemperaturewasbelow-30°C.

AwardingabannerofhonortotheFalconTaskForce,duringhisinspectionoftheSpecialPoliceAcademyoftheChinesePeople’sArmedPoliceForce,April9,2014.

TalkingwithfarmersofAyagemanganVillage,ShufuCounty,XinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion,April28,2014.

CheckingthegrowthofwheatinZhangshiTownship,WeishiCounty,onaninspectiontourinHenanProvince,May9,2014.

CulturallyAdvancedChina

EnhancePublicityandTheoreticalWork*

August19,2013

*Mainpointsofthespeechatanationalmeetingonpublicityandtheoreticalwork.

Ourpublicityandtheoreticalworkmusthelpusaccomplishthecentraltaskof economic development and serve the overall interests of the country.Therefore,wemustbearthebigpictureinmindandkeepinlinewiththetrends.We should map out plans with focus on priorities and carry them out inaccordancewiththesituation.

EconomicdevelopmentistheParty’scentraltask,andideologicalprogressisoneofitstoppriorities.

SincetheconvocationoftheThirdPlenarySessionofthe11thCPCCentralCommittee in1978 thePartyhasmadeeconomicdevelopment itscentral task,devoting itself to accelerating the economy and improving the people’s lives.This central task will not and should not change as long as the domestic orinternationalsituationdoesnotchangedramatically.ItisabasicrequirementforthePartytoadheretoitsbasiclinefor100yearsandtosolvealltheproblemsofcontemporaryChina.

Moreover, to enhance the cause of Chinese socialism we must promotematerial, cultural and ethical progress, strengthen the nation materially,culturally and ethically, and improve thematerial, cultural and ethical livesofthepeopleofallethnicgroups.

Our publicity and theoretical work aims to consolidate Marxism as theguidingideologyinChina,andcementthesharedideologicalbasisofthewholePartyandthepeople.BothPartymembersandofficialsmustholdafirmbeliefinMarxismandcommunism,makeunremittingandpragmaticeffortstorealizethe Party’s basic program at the present stage, take every step needed forprogressandpassthebatondutifullytooursuccessors.

Officials,especiallyhigh-rankingones,shouldmasterthebasictheoriesofMarxismastheirspecialskillanddiligentlystudyMarxism-LeninismandMaoZedongThought,andespeciallyDengXiaopingTheory, the important thoughtoftheThreeRepresentsandtheScientificOutlookonDevelopment.

Marxismmustbea requiredcourse inPartyschools,executive leadershipacademies,academiesofsocialsciences,institutesofhigherlearningandgroupsfor theoretical studies. These places should serve as the centers for studying,researchinganddisseminatingMarxism.

Newand young officials in particular shouldwork hard to studyMarxisttheory, learn toobserveandsolveproblemsfromtheMarxist stand,viewpointandmethod,andbecomefirmintheiridealsandconvictions.

More efforts should bemade to enhance the awareness of socialismwithChinesecharacteristicsamongthepeopleofallethnicgroups,soastoinspirethepeopletostriveforChinesesocialism.

Weshouldintensifytherecognitionofthecoresocialistvalues,fosterandpractice thesevalues, improvecivicmorality,andcultivate thesocial trendsofrecognizinghonoranddisgrace,practicingintegrity,encouragingdedicationandpromotingharmony.

Partyspiritandtheideaofservingthepeoplehavelongbeeninterrelated.Preserving Party spirit means keeping a correct political direction, taking acommittedpoliticalstandanddisseminatingtheParty’stheories,lines,principlesandpolicies,inadditiontothemajorworkplansoftheCPCCentralCommitteeand itsmajoranalysesand judgmentson thecountry’s situation. It alsomeansmaintaining a high degree of unity with the Party Central Committee andupholdingitsauthority.Alldepartments,institutionsandallPartymembersandofficialsspecializinginpublicityandtheoreticalworkmustpreservetheirPartyspiritwithoutfail.

Serving the people means putting the people first and making realizing,safeguarding and developing the fundamental interests of the overwhelmingmajority of the people our starting point and goal.Ourwork should focus onserving the people.We should serve the people while educating and guidingthem,satisfytheirdemandswhileupgradingtheirpersonalquality,disseminate

and reportmore on their great endeavors and vigorous lives, rolemodels andtheirmovingstories.Thisway,wecanenrichthepeopleculturallyandethically,enhancetheirmoralstrength,andmeettheirculturalandintellectualdemands.

Animportantplatformforpublicityandtheoreticalworkisthestressingofunity,stabilityandencouragement,andputting thefocusonpositivepublicity.We are new to a battle with many new historic features. We are facingunprecedented challenges and difficulties. Therefore, we must continue toenhanceandintensify theunderlying trendof thought inourcountry,advocatethe themes of the times, popularize positive energy, and encourage thewholecountrytostriveasoneforprogress.

Thekeytosuccessliesinraisingthequalityandlevelofourpublicityandtheoreticalwork.Weshouldhavethepropertiming,tempoandefficiency,makethisworkmoreattractiveandinfluential,informthepeopleaboutwhattheylovetohear, read andwatch, and let positivepublicityplay its role in encouragingandinspiringthepeople.

When it comes tomajor issues, including those of political principle,wemust taketheinitiative inhelpingofficialsandthepeopledrawalinebetweenrightandwrongandacquireaclearunderstandinginthisregard.

Overtheyears,ourPartyhasaccumulatedabundantexperienceinpublicityand theoretical work. Hard-earned and extremely precious, this experienceserves as major guidance for our future work, and should be thoroughlyreviewed and carried forwardon a long-termbasis, and continuously enrichedanddeveloped.

As an old Chinese saying goes, “A wise man changes his way ascircumstances change; a knowledgeable person alters his means as timesevolve.”[1] As for publicity and theoretical work today, we should pay closeattentiontoinnovationinthefieldsofideas,methodologiesandgrassrootswork,andmoveforwardwithnewideastotackledifficulties,withemphasisonworkin local communities. We should step up cultural reforms, push forward thecultureindustry,andbuildChinaintoacountrywithastrongsocialistculture.

Atthis timewhenChinaisopeningitsdoorwidertotheoutsideworld, ithas become an important task for those engaged in publicity and theoretical

work to help guide the people to a better understanding of present-dayChinawhile learning about the rest of the world more comprehensively andobjectively.

To explain and publicize the special characteristics ofmodernChina,weneed to make it clear that 1) because different countries and nations havedifferent historical traditions, cultural accomplishments and basic conditions,their development paths are different; 2) Chinese culture encompasses thedeepestculturalandethicalpursuitsoftheChinesenation,nourishingthepeoplefor generations; 3) fine traditional Chinese culture is a great strength of theChinesenationanditsmostprofoundculturalsoftpower;4)rootedinChineseculture, socialismwithChinese characteristics represents theChinese people’saspirations,suitsthetimesandfacilitatesthedevelopmentofthecountry,andisbasedona longhistoryand solid reality.The time-honoredChineseculture iscapableofaddingglorytoittodayandinthedaystocome.

ItisinevitableforChina,acountrywithauniqueculture,historyandbasicconditions, to choose a development path featuring its own characteristics.AsfortraditionalChinesecultureandforeignthings,weshouldmakethepastservethe present and foreign things serve China; discard the dross and select theessential; eliminate the false and retain the true, and adopt traditionalChinesecultureandforeignthingsafterathoroughscientificreviewofboth.

We should intensify our publicity of and report on the changes anddevelopmentsworldwide,and thenew thoughts, ideasanddiscoveries inothercountries,soastohelpdrawontheachievementsofothercivilizations.

We should enhance our foreign-oriented publicity work through tryingmethods with new concepts, domains and expressions that are understood bybothChina and the rest of theworld, telling the true storyof our country andmakingourvoiceheard.

The departments concerned with publicity and theoretical work have anextremely important task to shoulder.They shouldplay theirpartwell and trytheir best. They should improve their work starting from their leaders andleadingbodies.Therefore,thoseleadersshouldintensifytheirstudyandpracticeinordertobecomerealexperts.

SuccessfulpublicityandtheoreticalworkrequiresjointeffortsbythewholeParty. Party committees at all levels should take political and leadingresponsibilities.They should redouble their efforts to study and addressmajorissues, and to coordinate and guide major strategic campaigns. They shouldsteadily upgrade their leadership skills. With a grand publicity blueprint, weshouldmobilize asmany departments as possible in allwalks of life and linkpublicity and theoretical work more closely to administrative, industrial andsocialgovernanceinallareas.

Notes

[1]HuanKuan:OnSaltandIron(YanTieLun),an importantworkfor thestudyof thehistoryofeconomicsandthoughtduringtheWesternHanDynasty(206BC-AD25).Theauthor(datesunknown)wasacourtministerofthatdynasty.

StrongEthicalSupportfortheRealizationoftheChineseDream*

September26,2013

*Main points of the speechwhenmeeting the fourth group of nominees andwinners of nationalethicalmodelawards.

Paragonsofmoralityareimportantbannersforbuildingpublicethics.Weneed to carry out campaigns to publicize such paragons of morality and letpeople learn fromthem, foster the true, thegoodand thebeautiful,andspreadpositive energy.We should inspire the people to esteem virtue, perform gooddeedsandemulatevirtuouspeople.Moreover,weshouldencouragethewholeofsocietytocultivatemoralitybypracticingvirtueandtoexertapositiveinfluencethroughethicalbehavior.Inthisway,wewillmarshalstrongspiritualandethicalsupportforrealizingtheChineseDreamofnationalrenewal.

Inner strength is infinite, as is moral strength. Chinese civilization has alonghistorystretchingbacktoantiquity;itgavebirthtothepreciouscharacteroftheChinesenationandcultivatedtheChinesepeople’spursuitofnoblevalues.The pursuit of constant self-improvement and embracing the world throughvirtue have been the stimuli behind the Chinese nation’s ceaseless self-regeneration,andtodaythispursuitisstillapowerfulmotivationforustocarryoutreformandopeningup,andforsocialistmodernization.

Tomeettherequirementsofthecentralauthorities,localgovernmentsanddepartments have long worked hard to promote public morality, advocatedtraditional Chinese virtues and fostered the new trends of the times.Consequently, ethicalmodelshaveemerged in largenumbers.National ethicalmodelsareoutstandingrepresentativesofthesepeople.Someofyouhaveheartsofgoldandarealways ready tohelpothers; someactbravely fora just causewithoutconsideringpersonalsafety;somearehonestandtrustworthy,andkeepto the right way; somework diligently at their posts dedicating their lives toserving the public; and some treat the elderly and their relatives with filialrespect.Withnoblecharacters,youhavewarmedandtouchedtheheartsofourpeople,andhavesetgoodexamplesforthewholeofsociety.

Agreateracallsforagreatspirit,andaworthycausedemandsrolemodelsto take the lead. Now the people of China are working hard for the ChineseDream. In linewith the requirement tocultivateandpractice thecore socialistvalues raised at the Party’s 18th National Congress, we should pay closeattention toadvocatingsocialistmorals, intensifyeducation inpublicmorality,professionalethics,familyvirtuesandindividualintegrity,promotebasicmoralstandardssuchaspatriotism,dedicationtowork,integrityandfriendliness,andcultivate social trends of recognizing honor and disgrace, practicing integrity,encouragingdedicationandpromotingharmony.

NowI’dliketointroduceGongQuanzhen,anationalethicalmodel.SheisthewidowofGeneralGanZuchang,aveteranRedArmyofficer fromJiangxiProvince and a founding general of the People’s Republic. In 1957 Ganvoluntarilyresignedhisposttobeafarmer,andGongQuanzhenreturnedwithhimtothecountrysideinJiangxi.Halfacenturylater,Gongstillmaintainsthespiritofhardworkandplainliving.Forthis,shewaselectedanationalethicalmodel, and is present at thismeeting. I feel gratified andwant to expressmygreatestrespectstoher.Wemustcarryforwardthespiritofhardworkandplainlivinggenerationaftergeneration.

EnhanceChina’sCulturalSoftPower*

December30,2013


ThestrengtheningofourculturalsoftpowerisdecisiveforChinatoreachtheTwoCentenaryGoalsandrealizetheChineseDreamofrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.

Weshouldcarry forwardadvanced socialist culture, further the reformoftheculturalsystem,developandenrichsocialistculture,inspirethewholenationtoengageinculturalcreation,beefupthegrowthofculturalenterprises,enrichthepeople’scultural life, ignite their inspiration, strengthenourculturalpowerand competitiveness, and reach the goal of building China into a socialistculturalpower.

Tostrengthenourculturalsoftpower,weshouldreinforcethecornerstoneofournationalculturalsoftpower.Weshouldadheretoadevelopmentpathofsocialist culture featuring Chinese characteristics, intensify the study of andeducationinthecoresocialistvaluesystem,carryforwardthenationalspiritandthespiritofthetimes,encouragepeopletohavetheiridealsandbeliefs,establishprosperous cultural undertakings, and speed up the growth of culturalenterprises.

Toreinforcethefoundationfordomesticculturalprogress,oneofthemajortasksistoenhanceideologicalandmoraleducation,andbuildupsocialmoralityby starting with every individual. We should carry forward and foster thetraditionalmoralitylongcultivatedanddevelopedbyourancestors.

UndertheguidanceofMarxistandsocialistethics,weshouldmakethepastserve thepresent andput forthnew ideason thebasisof eliminating the falseandretainingthetrueforthecreativetransformationandprogressoftraditionalChineseethics,soastoleadthepeopleonthewaytoyearningforandaspiring

tolife-longlearning,respectingandobeyingmoralstandards,sothateveryoneofthe1.3billionChinesecitizenscanbepartofateamtodisseminateChinesemoralityandculture.

Tostrengthenourculturalsoftpower,weshoulddisseminatethevaluesofmodernChina.ModernChinesevaluesarealsothoseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics, representing advanced Chinese culture. China has blazed asuccessful socialist path featuringChinese characteristics.Facts prove that ourpath and system, theoretical and social, are successful.More work should bedone to refine and explain our ideas, and extend the platform for overseaspublicity,soastomakeourcultureknownthroughinternationalcommunicationanddissemination.

WeshouldrelatetheChineseDreamtomodernChinesevaluesduringourdissemination and explanation. The Chinese Dream is a dream cherished andaspired toby theChinesepeopleandnation,adreamofbuildingChina intoawell-off society in an all-round way and rejuvenating the Chinese nation, adreamforeveryonetomakehisowndreamcometrue,adreamthat thewholenation strives for, and a dream to show the world China’s commitment tomakingagreatercontributiontothepeaceanddevelopmentofmankind.

To strengthen our cultural soft power, we should showcase the uniquecharmofChineseculture.

Duringits5,000-yearhistory,theChinesenationhascreatedabrilliantandprofoundculture.WeshoulddisseminatethemostfundamentalChineseculturein a popularway to attractmore people to participate in it,matchingmoderncultureandsociety.Weshouldpopularizeourculturalspiritacrosscountriesaswellasacrosstimeandspace,withcontemporaryvaluesandtheeternalcharmof Chinese culture. We should tell the rest of the world about the newachievementsofmodernChineseculture,whichfeaturebothexcellenttraditionandmodernspirit,bothnationalandinternational.

Tothisend,effortsshouldbemadetosortouttraditionalculturalresourcesandbringbacktoliferelicssleepinginclosedpalaces,legaciesofthevastlandof China and records in ancient books. We should convince the people withreasonandmorality, improvecultural communicationwithothercountriesandintensifyoursystemofculturalandeducationalexchanges,blazenewtrails,and

usevariousmeans,suchasmassmedia,groupdisseminationand interpersonalcommunication.

Tobuildabeautiful imageofourcountry,weshoulddisplay theChinesecivilizationofalonghistoryandunityofdiversifiedethnicgroupswithvaryingcultures; an Oriental power with honest and capable political administrations,developedeconomy,thrivingculture,stablesociety,unifiedpeopleandsplendidlandscapes; a responsible great power that is committed to peacefuldevelopment, common growth, international fairness and justice, andcontributions tomankind; and a socialist power opening its doorwider to theoutsideworld,fullofhope,vigorandvitality.

Tostrengthenourculturalsoftpower,weshouldintensifyourinternationalrightofspeech,enhanceourcapabilityofinternationalcommunicationandspareno efforts in establishing a system for international speech to tell, in the rightway,thetruestoryofourcountryandmakeourvoicesheardthroughgivingfullplay to theemergingmediaandenhancingourcreativity, influenceandpublictrust.

We should disseminate the glorious history and excellent culture of theChinese nation and people. We should also enhance education in patriotism,collectivismandsocialismwiththehelpofallpossiblemeans,suchasclassroomteaching, theoretical research, historical study, films and television programs,andliteraryworks,andhelpourpeoplebuildupandpersistinacorrectconceptof history, national viewpoint, state outlook and cultural perspective, so as tofortifythewilloftheChinesepeople,whoshouldbeprouderofbeingChinese.

CultivateandDisseminatetheCoreSocialistValues*

February24,2014


Wemust take cultivating anddisseminating the core socialist values as afundamental project for integrating the people’s mindset and reinforcing oursocial foundations. We should inherit and carry forward the fine traditionalChinesecultureandvirtues,disseminatethecoresocialistvaluesandeducatethepeopleextensively,guideandencouragethepeopletoactaccordingtothem,torespectandfollowmoralstandards,topursueloftymoralideals,andtoreinforcetheideologicalandmoralfoundationofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.

Core values, a fundamental factor for the texture and orientation of aculture, are the soul of cultural soft power and a key to building a nation’scultural soft power. In essence, cultural soft power depends on the vitality,cohesion and appeal of the core values of a nation.Therefore, cultivating anddisseminatingthecorevaluesandeffectivelyintegratingthepeople’smindsetisan important means of ensuring that the social system operates in a normalmanner and that the social order is effectively maintained. It is also a majoraspectofanation’sgoverningsystemandcapacity.

Factsprovethattosuccessfullybuildasetofcorevalueswithstrongappealisconnectedwithacountry’ssocialharmonyandstability,aswellas its long-termpeaceandorder.

To cultivate and disseminate the core socialist values we must taketraditional Chinese culture as the base. All concrete core values are deeplyrooted. So, to renounce such values is tantamount to severing our culturallifeline.Theextensive,profoundandoutstanding traditionalChineseculture isthefoundationforustostandfirmuponintheglobalminglingandclashingofcultures.

The long-developed Chinese culture embraces our deepest intellectualpursuits.ItisaniconoftheuniqueChinesenation,andhasensuredthelineage,developmentandgrowthof theChinesenation.TraditionalChinesevirtuesarethe essence of Chinese culture, and embody rich ethical andmoral resources.Only by etching these values in our minds can we forge ahead, and only bycarrying forward what our ancestors have left us can we learn to be morecreative.

Withregardtovalues,perceptionsandethicshandeddownforgenerations,we should make the past serve the present, discard the dross and keep theessential,eliminatethefalseandretainthetrue,andputforthnewideas.Thatistosay,weshould treatand inherit themwithacriticalapproach,andcultivateandeducatethepeoplewiththeChineseculturallegacy.

We need to explain clearly the historical origin, evolution and basictendency of the outstanding traditional Chinese culture and its uniqueness,perceptions and distinctive features, so as to enhance confidence in Chinesecultureandvalues.

We should work hard to absorb the philosophical and moral essence oftraditional Chinese culture, foster and disseminate our national character withpatriotism at the core and at the call of the times, highlighted by reform andinnovation, and identify and explicate their essential features of benevolence,people-orientation,integrity,righteousness,concordanceandcommonground.

We should properly handle the relationship between inheritance andinnovation,with the focus on transforming and developing the fine traditionalChinesecultureinacreativeway.

Weshouldmakethecorevaluesthepeople’spursuitandconsciousactionsthrough education, publicity, cultural edification, habitual development andinstitutionalguarantee.

Afineexamplehasboundlesspower.AllPartymembersandofficialsmusttake the lead instudyingandspreading thecoresocialistvalues, influenceandencourage other people to follow their exemplary behavior and noblepersonalities.

We should spread the socialist values among children and students,ensuringtheirinclusionintextbooksandlecturessoastoleteveryonebeawareofthem.

Likespringdrizzlefallingwithoutasound,weshoulddisseminatethecoresocialistvaluesinagentleandlivelywaybymakinguseofallkindsofculturalforms.Weshouldinformthepeoplebymeansoffineliteraryworksandartisticimageswhatisthetrue,thegoodandthebeautiful,whatisthefalse,theevilandthe ugly, and what should be praised and encouraged, and what should beopposedandrepudiated.

The core socialist values can hardly be effective unless they are put intopractice, foronly thenmay thepeopleunderstandandobserve them.Whatweadvocatemustbeinlinewithwhatthepeopleneedintheirdailylifeinamannerasdetailedandpractical aspossible.Wemustuphold thecore socialistvalueswhen strengthening rules and regulations in all sectors, formulating codes ofconductforstudentsandothercitizensinbothurbanandruralareassoastoturnthe core socialist values into basic guidelines for the people’s daily life andwork.

Weshouldcreatesomeformsofceremoniesandconductvariousmemorialand celebration events to disseminate mainstream values and enhance thepeople’ssenseofidentityandofbelonging.

Efforts should bemade to integrate the requirements of the core socialistvaluesintovariousactivitiesconcerningintellectualandculturalprogress,soasto attract more people to participate in such activities, upgrade their moraloutlookandfostercivicvirtuesinsocietyforfamilyhappiness,extendingcaretoothers and contributing more to society. We should make use of everyopportunitytomakethishappen,anytimeandanywhere.

Weshouldgivefullplaytoourpoliciesconcerningtheeconomy,politics,culture and society to better serve the cultivation of the core socialist values.Laws and regulations should act as a driving force for the spread of the corevalues. Moreover, all social administrative agencies should make it theirresponsibility to advocate the core socialist values and reflect them in theirroutine work so that all activities conforming with the core values areencouragedandthoserunningcountertothecorevaluesarerebuffed.

YoungPeopleShouldPracticetheCoreSocialistValues*

May4,2014

*SpeechattheseminarwithteachersandstudentsofPekingUniversity.

Dearstudents,teachersandfriends,

Today,aswecelebrateChina’sYouthDay[1]I’mgladtobeherewithyou,honoringthe95thanniversaryoftheMay4thMovement[2].Firstofall,I’dliketoextend,onbehalfofthePartyCentralCommittee,myfestivalgreetingstotheteachers,staffandstudentsatPekingUniversityandyoungpeopleofallethnicgroupsacrossthecountry.Also,Iwanttoexpressmydeepestrespectstothosewhoworkinthefieldsofeducationandyouthworkthroughoutthecountry!

Justnow,ZhuShanlu[3] briefeduson theuniversity’swork, and studentsandyoungteachersalsosharedtheirideaswithus.Iwasgreatlyinspired.Thisismyfifthvisit toPekingUniversitysinceIstartedtoserveonthePartyCentralCommittee, andeach time I amhere I find somethingnew that impressesme.MyfeelingssoarwheneverIwalkonthiscampusfullofvigorandvitality,andIcan’thelpbutsigh:Thecurrentgenerationofcollegestudents is justadorable,trustworthyandreliable,andyouareboundtohaveabrightfuture.

The May 4th Movement gave birth to the May 4th spirit of patriotism,progress,democracyandscience,kickingofftheNewDemocraticRevolutioninChina, promoting the dissemination ofMarxism in the country and laying thegroundworkforthefoundingoftheCPC.

Since the May 4th Movement, under the leadership of the Party,generationsofhighlymotivatedyoungmenandwomenhavewritten inspiringchaptersinthestrugglestosavethecountryandrejuvenatetheChinesenation,withthemotto“Devotingmyyouthtocreatingafamilyofyouth,acountryofyouth,anationofyouth,amankindofyouth,aplanetofyouthandauniverseofyouth.”[4]

PekingUniversitywasthebaseoftheNewCultureMovement[5]aswellasa cradleof theMay4thMovement,witnessing thisgloriousperiod inmodernhistory. For a long time, teachers and students here have shared a commondestiny with the country and the people, and advanced with the times andsociety, making remarkable contributions to our country’s revolution,constructionandreforminallrespects.

The Two Centenary Goals were put forward at the 18th CPC NationalCongress.AsIhavesaidbefore,wehaveneverbeensocloseasnowtoreachingthegoalofthegreatrenewaloftheChinesenation,andwearemoreconfidentandmorecapablethaneveroffulfilingthisgoal.

Nevertheless,“Athingisyettobedoneuntilitisdone,”[6]asanoldsayinggoes.Thecloserweapproachthegoalthemoreweshouldredoubleourefforts.We can afford no slackening. More importantly, we should encourage moreyoungpeopletojointhegreatcauseofmakingthedreamcometrue.

The river of time flows nonstop day and night, and things change as theseasonschange.Everygenerationofyoungpeopleisofferedtheopportunitiesoftheerafordrawingapictureoflifeandcreatinghistory.Youngpeople,themostsensitive weatherglass of an era, are entrusted with the responsibilities of thetimesandsharethegloryoftheirdays.

Today,weareheretohonortheMay4thMovement.ThebestwayforustohavetheMay4thspiritdisplaywidelyis tojointheteamofbuilders,pioneersanddedicators, and togetherwith thepeople of all ethnic groups shoulder ourhistoricresponsibilitieswithfirmbeliefs,highmorality,awealthofknowledgeandcompetentskills.

Studentsandteachers,

University is a place not just for academic studies but for seeking truth.Today, I’d like to take thisopportunity to sharewithyoumy insights into thecoresocialistvalues.

IwasinspiredbythespiritoftheMay4thMovement,whichembodiesthevaluestheChinesepeopleandnationhavepursuedinmodernhistory.Today,weshouldstilladheretoandcarryoutthesecorevalues,highlightedbypatriotism,

progress,democracyandscience.Youngpeople,aswellaseveryoneelseinthecountry,shouldupholdandcarryoutthesecorevalues.

Looking at human history and social development,we find that themostlasting and profound power for a nation and country is the core valuesacknowledgedbyall.Corevaluescarry thespiritualaspirationofanationandcountry,andrepresentthestandardforjudgingrightandwrong.

Anancientproverbgoes,“Theway togreat learning is tomanifestbrightvirtueandtotreat thepeopleasone’sownfamily, therebyarrivingatsupremegoodness.”[7]Corevaluesareinfactindividualvirtues,aswellaspublic,socialandnationalvirtues.Acountrycannotprosperwithoutvirtues,norcananyonesucceedwithoutvirtues.Withoutsharedcorevalues,anationandcountrywillbeatalosstoknowwhatisrightandwhatiswrong,anditspeoplewillhavenocodeofconducttofollow,theresultbeingthatthenationandcountrycanneverprogress.Ithascommonlyoccurredinourhistory,andstillhappensacrosstheglobe.

Chinaisabigcountrywith1.3billionpeopleand56ethnicgroups.Uponthe recognition of the valueswith the “greatest common denominator” by thepeopleofallethnicgroups,theyworkwithoneheartandonemindtostriveinunity. This concerns our nation’s future and destiny, as well as our people’shappinessandwellbeing.

Every era has its spirit, and likewise its values. In ancient China ourancestors developed core values highlighted by “propriety, righteousness,honestyandasenseofshame–thefouranchorsofourmoralfoundation,andaquestion of life and death for the country.”[8] This was our ancestors’understandingoftheircorevalues.

Whatarethecorevaluesforourpeopleandcountrytoday?Thisisbothatheoreticalandapracticalquestion.Weshouldeventuallyagreeuponthisaftersortingoutopinionsandunderstandingsfromallwalksoflife.Thecoresocialistvaluesthatweshouldcultivateandpracticeareprosperity,democracy,civility,harmony, freedom, equality, justice, the rule of law, patriotism, dedication,integrityandfriendship.

The values of prosperity, democracy, civility and harmony are for the

country; thoseof freedom,equality, justiceand theruleof lawfor thesociety;and those of patriotism, dedication, integrity and friendship for citizens. Theyexplainwhat sortof countryand societyweare striving for, andwhatkindofcitizenswearecultivating.

Since ancient times the Chinese people have developed their countrythroughstudyingthenatureofthingstoacquireknowledge,correctingthoughtswith sincerity, cultivating the moral self, managing the family, governing thestateandsafeguardingpeaceunderHeaven.Asweseeittoday,theprinciplesof“studyingthenatureofthings,correctingthoughtswithsincerityandcultivatingthemoralself”areforindividuals;theprincipleof“managingthefamily”isforthe society; and those of “governing the state and safeguarding peace underHeaven”areforthecountry.

What we put forward for the core socialist values is a combination ofrequirementsforthecountry,societyandcitizens,whichrepresentthenatureofsocialism,carryforwardthefinetraditionalChineseculture,drawonthebestofworldcivilizationandreflectthespiritofthetimes.

Prosperity, democracy, civility, harmony, freedom, equality, justice, therule of law, patriotism, dedication, integrity and friendship are all ideas thatinherit the essence of the outstanding traditional Chinese culture, embody theideals and faith formed by modern Chinese people through unremitting andpainstakingefforts,andreflectthewishesandvisionofeveryChinesecitizen.

We should foster the core socialist values throughout society.ThepeopleshouldjoinhandsandworkpersistentlytomakeChinaricherandstronger,moredemocratic, more harmonious andmore beautiful, so that our country can beconfidentenoughtostandproudlyamongallothernations.

SincetheOpiumWarofthe1840stheChinesepeoplehavelongcherisheda dream of realizing a great national rejuvenation and building China into astrong,democratic andharmoniousmodern socialist country– thehighest andmostfundamentalinterestsofthenation.Andthat’swhatour1.3billionpeoplearestrivingfor.

Chinausedtobeaworldeconomicpower.However,itmisseditschanceinthewakeoftheIndustrialRevolutionandtheconsequentdramaticchanges,and

thuswasleftbehindandsufferedhumiliationunderforeigninvasion.ThingsgotworseespeciallyaftertheOpiumWar,whenthenationwasplaguedbypovertyandweakness,allowingotherstotrampleuponandmanipulateus.Wemustnotletthistragichistoryrepeatitself.

Theconstructionofastrong,democraticandharmoniousmodernsocialistcountryisourgoalandresponsibility–forthenation,forourforefathersandforour futuregenerations.Therefore,weshouldmaintainourwillpower, intensifyourfaith,andwalkunswervinglyalongtheroadtowardsourdestination.

Chinahasstoodup.Itwillneveragaintoleratebeingbulliedbyanynation.Yetitwillneverfollowinthefootstepsofthebigpowers,whichseekhegemonyoncetheygrowstrong.Ourcountryisfollowingapathofpeacefuldevelopment.

Why are we so confident? Because we have developed and becomestronger. China has won worldwide respect with its century-long efforts. Itsprestigekeepsrising,anditsinfluencekeepsexpanding.Today’sChinaformsasharpcontrasttoChinainthe19thcenturywhenthecountrywashumiliated,itssovereigntywasinfringedupon,anditspeoplewerebulliedbyforeigners.

Chinese civilization has formed a unique value system over severalmillennia.Thebrilliant traditionalChinese culture is the essence of the nationandhasdeep roots in theChinesepeople’smentality, influencing theirwayofthinkingandbehaviorunconsciously.

Today, we advocate and carry forward the core socialist values throughabsorbingtherichnourishmentofChineseculture,soastoinvigorateitsvitalityandbroadenitsinfluence.

Hereare somequotations fromancientclassics that I’d like to sharewithyoutoday:

“Thepeoplearethefoundationofastate,”[9]

“TheharmonyofNatureandman,”[10]

“Harmonywithoutuniformity,”[11]

“AsHeaven changes throughmovement, a gentlemanmakes unremittingeffortstoperfecthimself,”[12]

“WhentheGreatWayprevailed,apublicspiritruledallunderHeaven,”[13]

“Everyoneisresponsibleforhiscountry’sriseorfall,”[14]

“Governthecountrywithvirtueandeducatethepeoplewithculture,”

“Agentlemanhasagoodknowledgeofrighteousness,”[15]

“Agentlemanisbroad-minded,”[16]

“Agentlemantakesmoralityashisbedrock,”[17]

“Betrueinwordandresoluteindeed,”[18]

“Ifamandoesnotkeephisword,whatishegoodfor?”[19]

“Amanofhighmoralqualitywillneverfeellonely,”[20]

“Thebenevolentmanlovesothers,”[21]

“Dothingsforthegoodofothers,”[22]

“Don’tdountootherswhatyoudon’twantotherstodountoyou,”[23]

“Careforeachotherandhelponeanother,”[24]

“Respect others’ elders as one respects one’s own, and care for others’childrenasonecaresforone’sown,”[25]

“Helpthepoorandassistthoseindifficulty,”

“Carelessaboutquantityandmoreaboutquality.”[26]

These thoughts and ideas all displayed and still demonstrate distinctivenational features, andhave the indeliblevaluesof the times.Wehaveupdatedthem in keeping abreast of the times, while carrying them forward in an

unbrokenline.

As Chinese, we should always keep our own unique inner-world spirit,uphold values that we practice every daywithout noticing. The core socialistvaluesweadvocatetodayrepresenttheinheritanceandupgradingofoutstandingtraditionalChineseculture.

Valuesappearanddevelopintheprocessofhumanbeingsgettingtoknowandshapenatureandsociety.Corevaluesvaryindifferentnationsandcountriesduetodifferentnaturalconditionsandcoursesofdevelopment.Thecorevaluesofanationandcountryarecloselyrelatedtoitshistoryandculture,aswellastowhatitspeoplearestrivingforandtothepresentissuesitneedstoresolve.

There are no two leaves exactly alike on earth.A nation, or people of acountry,must knowwho they are,where they came from andwhere they areheading.Keepongoingwhenyouhavemadeyourchoice.

OnDecember26lastyear,Isaidatthemeetingcommemoratingthe120thbirthdayofMaoZedong:

Boasting a vast land of 9.6million sq km, a rich cultural heritage and astrong bond among the 1.3 billionChinese people,we are resolved to go ourownway.We have a big stage to display our advantages on, a long and richhistory to draw benefit from, and a powerful impetus to push us ahead. WeChinesepeople–everysingleoneofus–shoulddrawconfidencefromthis.

We shouldmodestly learn from the best of other civilizations, but neverforget our own origin.Wemust not blindly copy the developmentmodels ofothercountriesnoraccepttheirdictation.

WhatImeanhereisthatweshouldenhanceourconfidenceinthepathwehave chosen, in the theories we have devised and in the system we haveestablishedtoreachourgoalofdevelopmentandmaketheChineseDreamcometrue.“Inthefaceofallblows,notbendinglow,itstillstandsfast.Whetherfromeast,west,southornorth thewinddothblast.”[27]Ourconfidenceissupportedbyourcorevalues.

WhyamI talkingabout thecore socialistvalueswithyouyoungpeople?

Becauseyourvalueorientationwilldecidethevaluesofthewholeofsocietyintheyearstocome.Besides,youngpeopleareatthetimeoflifewhentheyformandestablishtheirvalues.Itisthereforeveryimportanttooffersomeguidance.Thatremindsmeofsomethingthathappensinourdailylife.Whenwebuttonupourcoat,wemayinadvertentlyputthefirstbuttoninthewrongbuttonhole,andthatwillresultinalltheotherbuttonsbeingputinthewrongholes.That’swhywesaythatyoungpeopleshould“buttonright”intheearlydaysoftheirlife.“Adeep well is dug starting with a shallow pit.”[28] Every young person shouldlearn about the core socialist values starting right now, take themas his basicrulesanddisseminatethemthroughoutsociety.

Whenyoungpeopleadoptthecoresocialistvaluestheyshouldemphasizethefollowingpoints:

First,workdiligentlytoacquiretrueknowledge.Knowledgeisanimportantcornerstone for the cultivation of the core values. The great philosophers ofancient Greece believed that knowledge was a virtue. Our ancestors alsoasserted, “Onecannot enhanceone’s ability andwisdom ifonedoesnotworkhard;neithercanonesucceedwithoutambition.”[29]

A person enjoys only once the youthful days at college, so you shouldcherishthem.Toacquireknowledge,onehastostudydiligently,intensivelyandpersistently.LuXun[30]oncesaid,“WhosaidI’magenius?Ispentallmytimeworkingwhenothersweresippingcoffee.”[31]Incollegedays,“Youngwewere,schoolmates, at life’s full flowering.”[32] One can totally throw oneself intoseekingknowledgewithoutanydistractions,learningfromteachers,exchangingviewswith classmates and rummaging through piles of books. So there is noreasonnottostudyhard.Workhard,acquiremoreknowledgeandturnwhatyouhave learned into your own views and ideas. I hope that you will not onlyconcentrateonbookknowledgebutalsocareaboutthepeople,thecountryandtheworld,andassumeyourresponsibilityforsociety.

Second,cultivatemoralityandvirtue,andpayattentiontotheminpractice.“Virtue is the root.”[33] Mr Cai Yuanpei[34] believed, “He who is strongphysically and talented but has no virtuewill end up on the side of vice.”[35]Virtuesarefundamentalforbothindividualsandsociety.Whatismostimportantistocultivatemorality.Thisexplainswhyweselectthosewhoarebothtalented

andmorallycultivatedforourwork,withmoralityaspriority.Onecanbeplacedin the right position only if one recognizes virtue, follows social ethics andrestrictspersonaldesires.

Whentalkingaboutcultivatingmorality,oneneedstohavehighambitionsaswellaspragmaticplans.Todevoteoneselftoone’scountryandserveone’speople, this is the great virtuewithwhich one is able to accomplish the greatcause. In themeantime,oneneeds tostart todosmall thingswellandbeself-disciplined even in smallmatters. “Learning from fine things thatmay appearand correcting anymistakes thatmay occur,”[36] one needs to cultivate publicandpersonalvirtues,learntowork,tobethrifty,tobegrateful,tohelpothers,tobemodest,tobetolerant,toexamineoneselfandtoexerciseself-restraint.

Third, learn to tell right fromwrong andmake correct decisions.As ourancestors believed, “Reading without thinking makes one muddled; thinkingwithoutreadingmakesoneflighty.”[37]Knowingwhatisrightorwrong,whatisthecorrectdirectionandwhatistheproperwaytofollow,oneisboundtoreaptherewardofone’swork.

Facing a complex and fast-changing world, an information era with thesurgeofvariousschoolsofthought,amultifacetedsocietyofgenuineandfalseideas,andthepressureassociatedwithone’sacademicpursuit,relationshipsandemployment,youmayfeelsomewhatconfused,hesitantorfrustrated.Thisisanormalexperienceeverybodywillgothrough.Thekeyistolearntothinkaboutand analyze situations before making decisions in order to arrive at correctdecisions. You should be sturdy, confident and self-reliant. Youmust form acorrectworldoutlook,viewoflifeandvalues,thenyouwillsee–crystal-clear–the true nature of society and have a better understanding of your life’sexperience,andbeabletotellwhatisrightandwhatiswrong,whatisprimaryandwhatissecondary,whatistrueandwhatisfalse,whatisgoodandwhatisevil, and what is beautiful and what is ugly before making judgments anddecisions.AsaTangversegoes,“Goldglittersonlyaftercountlesswashingsandsievings.”[38]

Fourth,behonestandsincere;dosolidworkandbeanuprightperson.Thecorrectwayneeds tobepursued inpractice,whilemorality requiresnoemptytalk.Oneshouldbemorepragmatic.Knowledgeandactionshouldgohand in

hand,andthecorevaluesshouldbeturnedintomoralpursuitsaswellasadrivetomakepeopleengage inconsciousaction.TheBookofRites[39] says,“Learnextensively, inquire earnestly, think profoundly, discriminate clearly andpracticesincerely.”[40]

Somepeoplebelievethat“sagesaremediocrepeoplewhoworkhard,whilemediocrepeoplearesageswhorefusetoworkhard.”Withmoreopportunities,youngpeople shouldmake their steps steady, laya solid foundationandmakeunremittingefforts. It isnogood for studyor runningabusiness ifoneworksintermittently, or chops and changes. “Difficult things are done starting fromeasyones;agreatundertakingbeginswithminorwork.”[41]

Nomatterwhatyouopttodo,successalwaysfavorshardworkers.Youngpeopleshouldtakeadifficultenvironmentasachallengeortest.“Littlestrokesfellgreatoaks.”Successawaitsthosewhoworkdoggedlyandunyieldingly,andthosewhoareneverdauntedbyrepeatedsetbacks.

The cultivation of the core values can’t be done overnight. It requireseffortsfromtheeasytothedifficult,fromclose-uptofarawayuntilitbecomesafaithandideathatwefollowconscientiously.Whenthingsaresmooth,youmaybeconfident;whentherearefrustrations,youmayhavedoubtsandwaver.Inallcircumstances we should always uphold the core socialist values which havebeenformedanddevelopedhereinourcountry,makecontributionstothegreatcauseinthemoderneraandfulfillourlifetimeexpectations.

Studentsandteachers,

ThePartyCentralCommitteehasdecidedtobuildworld-classcollegesanduniversities – a strategic policy that we should follow without hesitation. Tomakethemworld-class,theymustfeatureChinesecharacteristics.Itwon’tdotocopyothersmechanically,becausewealwaysbelievethat“themorenationalthemoreinternational.”

In thisworld there isonlyoneHarvardUniversity,UniversityofOxford,Stanford University,Massachusetts Institute of Technology and University ofCambridge;likewise,thereisonlyonePekingUniversity,TsinghuaUniversity,Zhejiang University, Fudan University and Nanjing University in China. Weshould draw on the world’s best experience in running institutions of higher

learning,followtherulesofeducation,andestablishmoreexcellentcollegesanduniversitiesonChinesesoil.

Lu Xun asserted, “Peking University is always innovative and plays apioneering role in reformingmovements, leadingChina along an upward pathtowardsabetterfuture.”[42]

Thedecisiononadvancingthereforminanall-roundwaywasmadeattheThird Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, defining thedemandsforthefurtherreformofhighereducationinChina.Whatwemustdonowistoturnthisblueprintintoreality.

Institutions of higher learning should take the lead in educational reformthroughout the country, centeringon the fundamental tasks of buildingvirtuesand morality, and moving faster in establishing an educational system andmechanism that is full of vigor andvitality, efficient,moreopen and favoringeducational development in a scientificway. I do hope thatPekingUniversitycan realize its long-cherisheddreamas soon as possible of advancing into theranks of world-class universities through painstaking efforts, reform andinnovation.

Teachers are entrusted with the noblest mission in this world. Mr MeiYiqi[43]opinedthatthekeytothesuccessofauniversityliesinhavingalotofhighlyaccomplishedgurusratherthanimposingbuildings.[44]Whathemeantby“highly-accomplishedgurus,”asIseeit,arepeoplemostknowledgeableintheiracademic fields and who are also virtuous. Always bearing in mind theirresponsibilities, teachers should be ready to serve as human ladders, inspiringthesoulsofthestudentswhomtheyareteachingwiththehelpoftheirpersonalcharismaandscholarlyattainments.

Partycommitteesandgovernmentsatalllevelsshouldpaycloserattentionto colleges and universities, show more concern for the students and erect aplatformforthemtodreamuponandmaketheirdreamscometrue.Weshouldaccelerate the reform in an all-round way, create a fair and just socialenvironment, promote social mobility and inspire the vigor and creativity ofyoung people. We should improve the system of employment and businessstartups so as to assist graduates at the beginning of their life-long careers.Leadingofficialsatall levelsshouldkeepincommunicationwith thestudents,

makefriendswiththemandlistentowhattheyhavetosay.

Today,themajorityofcollegestudentsarearoundtheageof20;andtheywill be under the age of 30 by 2020, when we complete the building of amoderately prosperous society in all respects. Theywill be around 60 by themid-21stcentury,whenwebasicallyrealizeourcountry’smodernization.Thatisto say, youwill participate in the causeof reaching theTwoCentenaryGoalsalongwithmyriadsofotheryoungpeople.

Ibelievethatlifeismeaninglessforanyonewithoutfaith,withoutdreams,without concerted endeavors and without contributions. I hope that you cancreate your own wonderful life while making the Chinese Dream come truesinceyouhaveneverbeengivenaplatformasspaciousasthisoraspromisingasthis.

I believe that young Chinese people today are more than capable ofundertakingthehistoricmissionentrustedtothembythePartyandthepeople,andwillgoontowriteabrilliantchapterworthyofourtimesintheireffortstotakeadvantageoftheiryouthfulvigor,explorelifeandcontributetosociety!

Notes

[1]Theyear1939sawthenominationofChina’sYouthDayonMay4thbytheNorthwesternYouthAssociationofNationalSalvationintheShaanxi-Gansu-NingxiaBorderRegiontocarryforwardandfosterthegloriousrevolutionarytraditionoftheChineseyoungpeoplesincetheMay4thMovementin1919.InDecember1949 theGovernmentAdministrationCouncil– thepredecessorofChina’sStateCouncil–oftheCentralPeople’sGovernmentofficiallynameditChina’sYouthDay.

[2]TheMay4thMovement,whichstartedinBeijingonMay4,1919,wasapatrioticmovementofthe Chinese people against imperialism and feudalism. Soon after the end of World War I, victoriousnations, including Britain, the United States, France, Japan, and Italy held the Paris Peace Conference,awardingGermany’srightsinShandongProvincetoJapan.Chinawasoneofthevictoriousnations,buttheChineseBeiyang (Warlord)Governmentwasabout to sign the treaty.On theafternoonofMay4,1919,over3,000studentsofPekingUniversityandotherschoolsprotestedagainstthetreatyandthecompromiseoftheBeiyangGovernment,provokingaquickresponsethroughoutthecountry.ByJune3themovementturned out to be a patriotic movement against imperialism and feudalism, with participants from theworking class, urban petite-bourgeoisie and national bourgeoisie. It also sparked off the New CultureMovementagainstfeudalChineseculture.BolsteredbythefoundingofthejournalYouth (laterknownasNewYouth)in1915,theNewCultureMovementcalledforMrScienceandMrDemocracybyreplacingoldmoral standards and old literature with the new. The May 4th Movement marked the end of the OldDemocraticRevolutionandthestartoftheNewDemocraticRevolutioninChina,therebyopeningabrand-newchapterofrevolutioninChinesehistory.

[3]ZhuShanlu,bornin1953,servesasPartysecretaryofthePekingUniversityCommittee.

[4]LiDazhao:Youth.LiDazhao(1889-1927)wasapioneerinacquiringanddisseminatingMarxismandoneofthefoundersoftheCPC.

[5]Seenote2onthispage.

[6]Seenote2,p.60.

[7]TheGreatLearning(DaXue).

[8]GuanZi.

[9]TheBookofHistory(ShangShu).

[10]AnancientChinesephilosophicalviewpoint,fromtheIdeaofGod’sWilloftheWesternZhouDynasty(1046-771BC),whichbelievedthatHeavenandManwerecloselyrelated.

[11]TheAnalectsofConfucius(LunYu).

[12]TheBookofChanges(ZhouYi),alsoknownastheIChing,oneoftheConfucianclassics.Thebookwasused as awork for the divinationof natural and social changes through the calculationof theEightTrigramsrepresentingHeaven,Earth,Thunder,Wind,Water,Fire,MountainandLake,believingthatthe interactions of the yin and yang give birth to everything in the universe and advocating simple yetdialecticalviewpoints,suchas“Changesderivefromthemutualaccelerationofthehardandsoft.”

[13]TheBookofRites(LiJi).

[14]GuYanwu:RecordsofDailyKnowledge(RiZhiLu).GuYanwu(1613-1682)wasathinkerandhistorianinthelateMing(1368-1644)andearlyQing(1644-1911)dynasties.


[16]Ibid.

[17]Ibid.

[18]Ibid.

[19]Ibid.

[20]Ibid.

[21]TheMencius(MengZi),oneoftheConfucianclassicscompiledbyMenciusandhisdisciples.ThebookisacollectionofanecdotesandconversationsoftheConfucianthinkerandphilosopherMenciusduringtheWarringStatesPeriod(475-221BC).Itisoneofthe“FourClassicsofConfucianism,”theotherthreebeingTheGreatLearning,TheDoctrineoftheMeanandTheAnalectsofConfucius.

[22]Ibid.


[24]TheMencius(MengZi).

[25]Ibid.

[26]Seenote4,p.111.

[27]Seenote2,p.26.

[28]LiuZhou:LiuZi.LiuZhou(514-565)wasamanoflettersoftheStateofNorthernQiduringtheNorthernandSouthernDynasties(386-589).

[29]ZhugeLiang:Advice toMy Son. Zhuge Liang (181-234), also known asKongMing,was alegendaryprimeministerandstatesmanoftheShuKingdomduringtheThreeKingdomsPeriod(220-280).

[30] Lu Xun (1881-1936), also known as Zhou Zhangshou and Zhou Shuren, was a litterateur,thinkerandrevolutionaryaswellasoneofthefoundersofmodernChineseliterature.

[31]“PostscriptsofSelectedWorksofLuXun,”SelectedWorksofLuXun,Vol.20,Chineseed.,People’sLiteraturePublishingHouse,Beijing,1972,p.663.

[32]MaoZedong: “Changsha,”MaoZedongPoems, Eng. ed., ForeignLanguages Press, Beijing,1998,p.5.

[33]TheGreatLearning(DaXue).

[34]CaiYuanpei(1868-1940)wasademocraticrevolutionary,educatorandscientist.HeservedaspresidentofPekingUniversityfrom1916to1927.

[35]CaiYuanpei:“Speechat thePatrioticGirlsSchool,”CompleteWorksofCaiYuanpei,Vol.3,Chineseed.,ZhonghuaBookCompany,Beijing,1984,p.8.

[36]TheBookofChanges(ZhouYi).


[38]LiuYuxi:NinePoems(JiuShou).LiuYuxi(772-842)wasamanoflettersandphilosopheroftheTangDynasty(618-907).

[39]TheBookofRites(LiJi),oneoftheConfucianclassics,isanimportantworkforthestudyofancientChina’ssocialforms,lawsandregulations,andtraditionalConfuciancanon,coveringtherealmsofsociety,politics,moralprinciples,philosophyandreligion.

[40]TheDoctrineoftheMean(ZhongYong),oneoftheConfucianclassics,usedtobeapartofTheBookofRites.PublishedasanindependentbookduringtheSongDynasty(960-1279),itbecameoneofthe“FourClassicsofConfucianism,”theotherthreebeingTheGreatLearning,TheAnalectsofConfuciusandTheMencius.

[41]LaoZi orDaoDe Jing. This is an important philosophicalwork from ancientChina,whichproposed the thoughtof the“Tao”andadvocated the ideasof“governingbydoingnothing”and“goingalongwithNature.”

[42] LuXun: “PekingUniversity inMyEyes,”CompleteWorks of Lu Xun, Vol. 3, Chinese ed.,People’sLiteraturePublishingHouse,Beijing,1972,p.155.

[43]MeiYiqi(1889-1962)servedasthepresidentofTsinghuaUniversityfrom1931to1948.

[44]ThisisanideaforrunningschoolsinitiatedbyMeiYiqiinhisinauguralspeechonacceptingthepresidencyofTsinghuaUniversityonDecember2,1931.

FosterandPracticeCoreSocialistValuesfromChildhood*

May30,2014

*SpeechatadiscussionheldattheMinzuPrimarySchoolofHaidianDistrictinBeijing.

Dearstudents,teachersandfriends,

Good morning! We’re happy to be here today to attend your YoungPioneers[1]eventandinitiationceremonyfornewYoungPioneers.InternationalChildren’sDay is just around the corner.Here Iwish you and children of allethnicgroupsinChinaahappyfestival!

Attachinggreatimportancetomoralcultivation,MinzuPrimarySchoolofHaidianDistrict has organizedmany activities and achieved good results. JustnowIlistenedtosomethought-provokingspeechesfromyoustudents,teachersandparents.Youalltalkedabouttheneedtostrengthenmoraleducationandtoguidechildrentofosterandpracticecoresocialistvaluesfromchildhood.Thisisgreat!Ihavethesameidea.AndIwanttodiscussthisissuewithyou.

Theculturalprogressofanationandthedevelopmentofacountryrequirecontinuous efforts of generations and various driving forces. Among theseforces, core values are the deepest and most everlasting. The Chinese nationboasts a long history and splendid culture of over 5,000 years, and ourcivilization has developed in an unbroken line from ancient tomodern times.Howcouldournationsurviveanddevelopoverthislongcourseofhistory?Oneimportantreasonisthatournationhasamoralpursuitandethosthathavebeencarriedon forgenerations.ThewrittenChinesecharacterswenowusearenotbasically different from the oracle bone inscriptions of the ShangDynasty (c.1600-1046BC),andthebrilliantinsightsofLaoZi[2],Confucius[3],Mencius[4],ZhuangZi[5],andotherancientsageshavebeenpasseddowntous today.Ourcivilizationhasdevelopedforseveralthousandyearswithoutinterruption.Thisisauniqueachievementinworldhistory.

Today,ournationissettomakefurtherprogress.Wemusttakestockofthe

current conditions and carry on our national spirit and culture, especially ourtraditionalvirtues.

The core socialist values we now uphold are prosperity, democracy,civility, harmony, freedom, equality, justice, the rule of law, patriotism,dedication, integrity and friendship. These values embody the thoughts of theancient sages, the aspirations of public-spirited people, the ideals of therevolutionary martyrs and the expectations of ordinary people. All Chinesepeopleshouldactconscientiouslytofosterandpracticethesevalues.

I have stressed this issue on several occasions. In February this year, thePolitical Bureau of the Party Central Committee held a special group studysessiononthetopic.Imadeaspeech,inwhichIraisedtherequirementsforthewholeofsociety in this regard. Ialso talkedabout this issuewhenvisiting thestudentsofPekingUniversityonYouthDay,May4,andwhenmeetingleadingofficialsinShanghaiafewdaysago.Today,Iwanttotalkaboutittoyoupupils.Because in order for an idea to be established and developed on a long-termbasis,wemuststartbytellingourchildrenaboutit.

ChildrenarethefutureofourcountryandthehopeoftheChinesenation.As Liang Qichao said in his “Young China”[6]: “If the youth are wise, thecountrywillbewise.Iftheyouthprosper,thecountrywillprosper.Iftheyoutharestrong,thecountrywillbestrong.…Iftheyouthprogress,thecountrywillprogress.”Thenew replacing theold is an irresistible law; and the futurewillalways be created by today’s children. Last year, on International Children’sDay, I said that every adult grew up from childhood. The realization of ourdreamisreliantonus,and,moreimportantly,onyou.Childrenaresensitiveandareready toacceptallbeautiful things.“Sinceantiquity, it is fromadolescentsthat heroes emerge.” To create a better future for our nation we need toencourageourchildrentosetgreatgoalsandshapetheircharacters,andensureasoundenvironmentfortheirgrowth.

How should children foster and practice the core socialist values? Theyshoulddosoinadifferentwayfromadults,awaywhichconformstotheiragesand traits. Here I want to raise four points: remembering the requirements,followingrolemodels,startingfromchildhoodandacceptinghelp.

First, remembering the requirementsmeans that childrenneed to learnby

heartthecoresocialistvalues,andalwayskeepthesevaluesinmind.Youpupilsarestillstudyingatschoolanddon’thavemuchsocialexperience;soyoumaynot thoroughly understand themeanings of these values.But youwill acquiremore knowledge and experience as you grow up, and thus gain a betterunderstandingof them,as longasyoubear theminmind. In thisprocess,youneedtothinkabouttherequirementsandacquireabetterunderstandinginyourstudies and life. Through the ages,most peoplewith great achievements havebeenstrictwiththemselvessincechildhood.

Second, following role models means that children need to learn fromheroes and advanced figures, and to cultivate good characters through study.Therearemanyyoungheroesinourhistoryandintherevolution,constructionandreformdriveofourpeopleundertheleadershipoftheParty.Youmayhaveheard some of their names from films such as Red Children, Zhang Ga theSoldierBoy,TheFeatheredLetter,LittleHeroSoldierandYoungHeroicSistersof theMongolianGrassland.Nowwe havemore exemplary children. I knowthat some students in your school have won the title of “the most beautifulchildren.”Besides,therearemanyotherrolemodelsfromallprofessionswhoseexamples we should follow. For example, astronauts, Olympic champions,scientists, model workers, young volunteers, and many other people who arereadytohelpothersortotakeonajustcause,andwhoarehonest,trustworthy,filial, or dedicated to their work. The power of role models is infinite. Youshouldtakethemasexamplesinpursuingvirtues.Confuciussaid,“Whenweseemenofvirtue,weshouldthinkofequalingthem;whenweseemenofacontrarycharacter,weshouldexamineourselves.”[7]

Third, starting from childhood means that children need to start withthemselves,andmakeeverypossibleefforttocultivategoodmorality.“Ayoungidler,anoldbeggar.”[8]And“a journeyofone thousandmilesbeginswith thefirststep.”Everyone’slifeconsistsofsmallmatters.Startingwithsmallvirtues,youcannurturegreatvirtues.Beingyoung,youmaynotbeabletodoasmanythingsforoursocietyasadultsdo.Butyoucanstartfromminorthings.Youcanaskyourselfeveryday:DoIlovemycountry?DoIlovemyschool?DoIstudyhard?DoIcareaboutmyclassmates?DoIrespectmyteachers?DoIhonormyparents?Do I conform to socialmorality?Do I admiregoodpeople andgooddeeds?DoI feelangryatbadpeopleandbad things?Themoreyou think, themoreyouwillurgeyourselftoact;themoreyouact,themorevirtuesyouwill

acquire. I heard that some students like to compete with each other in food,clothesorparents’jobs,andsomeeventakeprideinhavingcarstotakethemtoschoolandthenbackhome.Suchcompetitionmakesthemstrayfromthecorrectpath.Youshouldneverviewitheachotherinthesematters.“Ahardlifebreedsgreattalents,whereasaneasylifeisnotthewaytocultivategreatmen.”“Workhardwhen young, and youwill have a future; time flies, and you should notslackenyourefforts.”[9]However,youcancompetewitheachotherastowhoismoreambitious,whoworksharder,who lovesworkmore,who lovesphysicaltrainingmoreorwhoismorecaring.

Fourth,acceptinghelpmeansthatchildrenneedtoacceptbothsuggestionsand criticisms, and grow up in a good environment where you correct yourmistakes and make yourself a better person. No one is flawless. We makeprogress by overcoming shortcomings and correctingmistakes. As the sayinggoes,“Ajadeuncutwillnotbeausefulvessel;amanwithoutlearningwillnotknowtheway.”[10]Atyourage,youchildrenareestablishingaworldview,anoutlookonlifeandvalues,andyouneedhelp.Don’tcomplainthatparentstalktoomuch,thatteachersaretoostrict,orthatclassmatesareoverreaching.Thinkaboutwhethertheyareright,oriftheyaredoingsoforyourgood.Iftheyare,you should accept their admonitions. You may not do well in all aspects. Itdoesn’tmatter.Aslongasyouseewhereyouhavefallendownandarewillingtoimprove,youaremakingprogress.Sometimesyoumaynotknowwhereyouare going wrong, but your parents, teachers and classmates may point it out.Thenyouarealsomakingprogressifyoucorrectwhatyouhavedonewrong.Ofcourse, good medicine tastes bitter, and good advice is harsh to the ear. Weshouldbestrictwithourselves,andmakeahabitofmodestlyacceptingcriticismand help.A bright future awaits you, as long as you take a correct path fromchildhood,practicewhatyoulearnanddoyourbest.

Families, schools, organizationsof theYoungPioneersofChina, andoursocietyasawholeshouldalltaketheresponsibilityofpromotingcoresocialistvaluesamongchildren.

The family is the first classroom, andaparent is the child’s first teacher.Parents should always set a good example for their children, and guide themwith correct actions, ideas and methods. Parents should teach children toappreciatethetrue,thegoodandthebeautiful,andtokeepawayfromthefalse,

thebadandtheuglyineverydaylife.Parentsshouldobservechildrencloselyforanychangeinideaoraction,andeducateandguidethemwhenneeded.

Schools should attach greater importance to moral education, and workhard to enhance the school spirit and teachers’ professional ethics. Teachersshould take into consideration children’s personalities and traits, and patientlyimpart knowledge and cultivate virtues. Schools should ensure that theiractivitiesaregoodforthestudents’physicalandmentalhealth,andwillexertafavorable influence on their characters. Schools should also ensure that allstudentsreceivesincerecareandhelp,makingtheseedsofcoresocialistvaluestakerootandgrowintheirhearts.

The Chinese Young Pioneers need to launch educational campaigns andactivitiestobetterservestudentsinfosteringandpracticingcoresocialistvalues,andunite, educate andguide children through these activities.Meanwhile, oursociety needs to understand, respect, care about and offer help to children,provideafavorableenvironmentforthem,andopposeandpreventviolationsoftheirrightsanddamagetotheirphysicalormentalhealth.

Thewavesbehinddriveon thosebefore, and theyoungergenerationwillexcelthepreviousone.Ibelievethatchildrenofthisgenerationwillhavegreatgoals and beautiful dreams, love study, work and our country, andconscientiously foster and practice core socialist values from childhood. Ibelieveyouhavemadeyourselves ready to realize theChineseDream,guidedbyyourflagofthestarandtorch[11].

Notes

[1]TheYoungPioneersofChinaisanationalorganizationforchildrenrunbytheCommunistYouthLeague,anorganizationofyoungadults, that isundertheCPC.ItwasnamedtheYouthandChildrenofChinaMovementwhen itwas foundedonOctober 13, 1949by theCommunistYouthLeague, andwasgivenitspresentnameonAugust21,1953.

[2]LaoZi(datesunknown),alsoknownasLiDanandLiEr,wasaphilosopherandthefounderofphilosophicalTaoismintheSpringandAutumnPeriod(770-476BC).Hisideasinclude:“TheTaofollowsNature,”“existenceandnon-existencegivebirthtoeachother,”and“governancebydoingnothing.”ItwassaidthathewroteLaoZiorDaoDeJing.

[3]Confucius (551-479BC), alsoknownasKongQiuandZhongni,was aphilosopher, educator,statesmanandthefounderofConfucianisminlateSpringandAutumnPeriod(770-476BC).Hecreatedaschool of thought with benevolence (ren) as the core. He devoted himself to education and compiled

numerousancientclassics.HismainideasanddoctrineswererecordedinTheAnalectsofConfucius.FromtheHanDynasty (206BC-AD220),Confucianismbecame themainstreamof traditionalChinesecultureforover2,000years,andConfuciuswasrespectedasasagebyChina’sfeudalrulers.

[4]Mencius(c.372-289BC),alsoknownasMengKeandZiyu,wasaphilosopherandeducatorinmid-WarringStatesPeriod(475-221BC).Hebelievedthat“manisanintegralpartofNature,”putforthatheorythatmanisborngood,andsummarizedmoralrulesasfourvirtues:benevolence,justice,proprietyandwisdom.HecarriedforwardanddevelopedtheideaofbenevolenceandtheruleofvirtuepropoundedbyConfucius,andraisedanewideathat“thepeoplearemoreimportantthantheruler.”HewasthemostfamousConfucianafterConfucius,orsecondarysage.HewroteTheMencius(MengZi).

[5] Zhuang Zi (369-286 BC) was a Taoist philosopher of theWarring States Period. He carriedforwardLaoZi’sthought,andbelievedthatTaoismwasthehighestprincipleoftheworld.Hisphilosophyembodiesthegoalthat“Heaven,EarthandIwereproducedtogether,andallthingsandIareone.”

[6]“YoungChina”wasanessaywrittenbyLiangQichao(1873-1929),a thinkerandscholar,andoneoftheleadersoftheHundredDays’Reform(or1898Reform)inlateQingDynasty.


[8]SelectedYuefuBallads(YueFuShiXuan),Chineseed.,People’sLiteraturePress,Beijing,1954,p.16.

[9]DuXunhe:ForNephewsatSchool.DuXunhe(846-904)wasapoetoftheTangDynasty(618-907).

[10]Three-characterClassic(SanZiJing),atextbookforelementaryeducationinancientChina.ItwassaidtohavebeenwrittenbyWangYinglin(1223-1296)orOuShizi(1234-1324)intheSongDynasty(960-1279),andwassupplemented in theMing(1368-1644)andQing(1644-1911)dynasties.Written intripletsofcharactersforeasymemorization,thebookfocusesonmoraleducation.

[11]The flagof theYoungPioneersofChina is composedof a five-pointed star and a torch, theformersymbolizingtheleadershipoftheCPCandthelattersymbolizingbrightness.

SocialUndertakings

EliminatePovertyandAccelerateDevelopmentinImpoverishedAreas*

December29and30,2012

*Main points of the speechduring an inspection of poverty-alleviation anddevelopmentwork inFupingCounty,HebeiProvince.

Itistheessentialrequirementofsocialismtoeradicatepoverty,improvethepeople’s livelihood and achieve common prosperity. We should pay closeattention to people in straitened circumstances, and extend care to them withrespectandlove.Weshoulddoourbesttosolvetheirproblemsandkeeptheirneedsandsufferingsinmind,andbringthesolicitudeandconcernofthePartyandthegovernmenttothepeopleintheimpoverishedareas.

Theold revolutionarybase areas and thepeople theremadeanenormouscontribution to the victory of the Chinese revolution, which will never beforgottenby thePartyand thepeople.Since the reformandopening-uppolicywas introduced over 30 years ago, the people’s overall living conditions havebeen substantially improved. However, China is still in the primary stage ofsocialism, so the number of people living in poverty is still quite large.Withregard to completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in allrespects, the hardest and most arduous tasks lie in the rural areas and thepoverty-stricken regions in particular. We cannot say we have realized amoderatelyprosperoussocietyiftheruralareas,especiallythebackwardpartsofthecountryside,areleftbehind.Thecentralleadershiphasalwaysattachedgreatimportance to development-oriented poverty alleviation. Party committees andgovernments at all levels should strengthen their sense of responsibility andmission in development-oriented poverty alleviation. To free them fromdestitutionsothattheycanliveabetterlifeassoonaspossible,wemustworkdiligentlyandeffectivelytomapoutplans,allocatefunds,settargets,workoutdetailedmeasures,andcarryoutevaluationsinthisrespect.

As we often say, “With confidence, even barren clay can be turned intogold.”Partycommitteesandgovernmentsatalllevelsshouldmakeitapriority

tohelppeopleindifficulties,especiallythoseintheoldrevolutionarybaseareasandpoverty-strickenareas,tobreakawayfrompovertyandachieveprosperity.To this end, we will make full use of local advantages, improve plans, andprovide specific and targeted guidance.When formulating policies concerningpovertyalleviation,moreconsiderationsshouldbegiventotheoldrevolutionarybases and the impoverished areas. At the same time, we should bolster ourconfidence, find the correct method, and make strenuous efforts to facilitatedevelopment in those areas. Leading officials at all levels should keep peopleliving in deprivation in mind, help them in good time and work for themdiligently.

Theruralareaslongfordevelopmentandthefarmersdemandabetterlife.ThekeytotheirprosperitylieswiththePartycommitteesat theprimarylevel.Youlocalofficialsworkintheforefront,facepoorconditions,andtoilallyearround.It’snoteasyforyou.Iwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetoyouall.WeshouldworktogetherwithonehearttoputtheParty’spoliciesintofullpractice,andmakeeveryefforttoensureabetterlifeforourfellow-countrymenintheruralareas.

BetterandFairerEducationforthe1.3BillionChinesePeople*

September25,2013

* Main points of the video message for the first anniversary of the UN Global Education FirstInitiative.

Education is the foundationofnationaldevelopment in the long run. It isthefundamentalwayformankindtopassoncultureandknowledge,raisenewgenerationsandcreateabetterlife.

China will continue to support this initiative led by the UN. With 260millionstudentsand15millionteachers,thetaskforChinatodevelopeducationisanarduousone.Chinawillresolutelyimplementthestrategyofreinvigoratingthe country through science and education, and will always give priority toeducation. China will increase its investment in education, promote universaland life-long education, and build itself into a society in which people enjoylearning.Moreover,thecountrywillworkhardtoensurethateverychildhastheopportunity togo to school, andenable its1.3billionpeople to enjoyabetterandfairereducation,sothattheycanacquiretheabilitytodevelopthemselves,contribute to society and help others. In addition, China will strengtheneducationalexchangeswithothercountries,open itseducational fieldwider tothe outside world, and actively support the development of education indeveloping countries. We are determined to work with peoples of all othercountriestowardsabrighterfuture.

AcceleratetheDevelopmentofHousingSecurityandSupply*

October29,2013

*MainpointsofthespeechatthetenthgroupstudysessionofthePoliticalBureauofthe18thCPCCentralCommitteewhichXipresidedover.

Accelerating housing supply is important for meeting the people’s basicneed for housing and ensuring that all of themhave access to housing. It is arequirement for social fairnessand justiceaswellasan importantmeasure forthepeopletosharethefruitsofreformanddevelopment.Partycommitteesandgovernmentsatalllevelsshouldexercisebetterleadershiptoensurethatalltherelevant objectives, tasks, policies andmeasures are implemented, and regardhousingsecurityandsupplyasaprojectofgoodgovernancethatcanstandthetestofpractice,timeandthepeople’sexpectations.

Housingisanissuerelatednotonlytothepeople’slivelihoodbutalsothedevelopment of our country. It concerns the people’s immediate interests,determines whether they can live and work in contentment, and affects thecountry’soverall economicandsocialdevelopment,aswell as socialharmonyandstability.ThePartyandgovernmenthavealwaysattachedgreatimportancetothehousingissue.Thankstoprotractedefforts,greatachievementshavebeenmade in China’s housing industry. However, we must realize that we cannotsolveourhousingproblemsovernightasthereisstillalargenumberofpeoplehaving difficulty getting decent housing, a general inadequate supply of basichousing, and an inappropriate andunbalanced allocationof housing resources.Manypeople lack theirowndwelling,sowemustbemoreresolvedandmakegreatereffortstoaddressalltheproblemsstandinginthewayofhousingsupply.

Inthematterofhousingsecurityandsupply,wemustproperlyhandletherelationship between public services provided by the government and servicesprovidedbythemarket,betweentheeconomicandsocialfunctionsofhousingsupply, between needs and possibilities, and between the need to providehousingsecurityandtheneedtoavoidtotalwelfaredependence.Wemustcarryoutmarket-oriented reforms in order to fully enliven themarket andmeet the

multilevel needs for housing. However, there are always people who havehousing difficulties due to labor skill mismatch, being out of a job or lowincome,sothegovernmentmuststepintoprovidethemwithbasichousing.

AsconditionsstandinChina,weingeneralshouldbuildahousingsupplysystemforthegovernmenttoprovidebasichousingsecurityandforthemarketto satisfy multilevel housing demands. We should review and sum up ourexperience in housing reform and development, learn from other countries insolving their housing problems, study the rules of housing supply, emphasizetop-level design, and speed up the establishment of a uniform, standardized,matureandstablehousingsupplysystem.Whilemakingeveryefforttoincreasethehousingsupply,wemustalsodoourbesttosatisfythepeople’sdemandsforbetterhousing,establishasoundsystemofhousingstandardssothathousesareeconomical,affordable,eco-friendly,energy-conservingandsafe,andadvocateahousingconsumptionmodefittingChina’sconditions.

Accordingtothe12thFive-yearPlan[1](2011-2015),thenumberofbasic-needhousingunitsbuiltandhousesinrun-downareasrebuiltwillbe36million,andby2015thebasic-needhousingcoveragewillhitaround20percent.Thisisa commitment made by the government to the people, and we should dowhateverwecantofulfillthispromise.Weshouldfocusonthedevelopmentofpublic-rental housing, build low-rent housingmore quickly, and accelerate therebuildingofhouses inall the run-downareas. Incarryingout thisproject,wemustdoourbest according toourabilities, andendeavor tomeet thepeople’sbasicneedforhousing.Aresidenceishometoafamily,soitsqualityandsafetyareessential.Wemustimprovetheplanning,accompanyingfacilitiesanddesignofhousingtomeetthebasicneed.

We should improve supporting policies for housing, give full play to thesupportive, guiding and leading roles of such policies, and maximize theenthusiasmandinitiativeofallsectors.Weshouldimprovethelandpolicy,givepriority to ensuring that land is used to enhance the people’s well-being,introducealandsupplyplaninascientificway,increaseresidentiallandsupply,and give priority to allocating land for constructing basic-need housing. Weshould improve our fiscal policy and use more public funds to build suchhousing.We should adopt policies andmeasures to encourage enterprises andother institutions to build and manage public-rental housing. We should also

actively explore systems andmechanisms fornon-profit organizations tobuildandmanagebasic-needhousing,sothatallsidesinvolvedcanjoinforcesinthisendeavor.

Building basic-need housing is a great endeavor that benefits both thecountryandthepeople,buttoaccomplishthistaskandensurethatthoseinneedgethousingwemuststrengthenmanagement,andestablishproceduresforentry,use and exit of such housing, so as to ensure that people have fair access topublicresources.Wemustmakesurethatbasic-needhousingisfairlyallocated,andthatthepeoplewhoareentitledtoitgetit.Wemuststopillegalacquisitionof basic-need housing, and block institutional loopholes in this regard. Thosewho acquire basic-need housing illegallymust be punished according to lawsandregulations.

Notes

[1] The 12th Five-year Plan refers to the 12th Five-year Plan for National Economic and SocialDevelopmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(2011-2015).

AlwaysPutPeople’sLivesFirst*

November24,2013

*Mainpoints of the speech in theHuangdaoEconomic andTechnologicalDevelopmentZoneofQingdaowhenassessingthereliefeffortfollowinganoilpipelineleakexplosion.

This accidenthas soundedanalarm forusoncemore.Wemustmaintainconstant vigilance against workplace accidents, pay close attention to thisproblem,andguaranteewithout failworkplacesafety,otherwiseaccidentswillcause irreversible damage to the country and the people.Wemust establish asoundworkplacesafetyresponsibilitysystem,highlight thekeyresponsibilitiesof enterprises, enhanceworkplace safety inspections, apply lessons learned toanalogoussituations,andstrengthenworkplacesafety.

This heart-rending accident has caused grave loss of lives and severedamage toproperty.Now, through the jointeffortsof therelevantdepartmentsunder the State Council, Shandong provincial committee of the CPC andShandongprovincialpeople’sgovernment,QingdaomunicipalcommitteeoftheCPC and Qingdao municipal people’s government, we have achievedpreliminary results. Next, we should direct all our attention to treating theinjured,makingproperarrangementsforthefuneralsofthedeceased,consolingtheirfamilies,andseeingtobringingthepeople’slifebacktonormal.Weshouldconduct a prompt investigation into the accident and hold those involvedaccountableinaccordancewiththelaw.

Partycommittees,governmentsandleadingofficialsatalllevelsshouldbekeenlyawareof the importanceofsafety issues,andalwaysputpeople’s livesfirst.All regions,governmentdepartments,andenterprisesshouldberelentlessin applying the highest standards of workplace safety, stringently superviseworkplacesafetywhenpursuinginvestmentandimplementingprojects,increasethe weighting of workplace safety in performance indicators, and follow theapproach of “one vote againstmeaning veto”[1] for ensuringworkplace safetyandguardingagainsttheriskofmajorwork-relatedaccidents.

Theresponsibilityofensuringworkplacesafetyisparamount.Toreinforcethe workplace safety responsibility system, senior Party and governmentofficials shouldbepersonally involved.Wemustmakesure that responsibilityfor workplace safety is assigned to relevant government departments andofficials. Officials in charge of industrial sectors and officials responsible forbusinessesmustensureworkplacesafety.Weshouldstrengthensupervisionandinspection concerning workplace safety, strictly implement the assessment,rewardandpunishmentsystem,andconstantlypromoteworkplacesafety.

Everyenterprisemustfulfillitsprincipalresponsibilityforworkplacesafetywith absolute dedication, and guarantee funding, training, basic managementmeasures,andemergencyrescueprovisionstoensureworkplacesafety.Central-government-ownedenterprises should take the leadand set agoodexample inthisregard.Governmentsatalllevelsshouldperformtheirdueresponsibilitiesinplaceswithin their jurisdiction, and exercise strict supervision overworkplacesafetyinfullaccordancewithlawsandregulations.

Toensureworkplacesafety,weshouldforestallanypossiblework-relatedrisk. We should continue with large-scale workplace safety inspections thatcoverallworkplaces,defuseallriskswithzerotolerance,strictlyenforcelawsand regulations, and ensure substantial results. In conducting inspections weshould neither give prior written or verbal notice, nor listen to second-handreports,noracceptescortorreception.Instead,weshouldgodirectlytothefrontline and conduct confidential investigations, especially in terms of concealedrisks like underground oil pipelines. We should intensify our efforts inaddressing potential safety risks, establishing an inspection accountabilitysystemforworkplacesafetyinwhichwhoeverconductstheinspectionmusttakefull responsibility by signing his name on the inspection report, making noaccommodations, leaving no place unchecked, or merely going throughformalities.Wemustaimatactualresults.

Weshouldseetoitthatwhenanaccidentoccursinonefactory,everyotherfactorylearnsthehardlesson;whenapotentialriskisidentifiedinonelocality,thewholecountrygoesonthealert.Allregionsandindustriesshouldlearntheirlesson fromworkplace accidents, enhanceworkplace safety accountability andoversight,andtakepreventivemeasuresagainstanywork-relatedaccident.

Winterhasalreadycome.Attheturnoftheyear,thereisagreaterriskof

accidents. I hope that you all enhance your awareness of your weightyresponsibility to the Party and the people, remain vigilant against potentialaccidents,conscientiousandmeticulousinensuringworkplacesafety,resoluteinpreventingmajor and serious accidents, and steadfast in improvingworkplacesafetyacrossthewholecountry.

[1]Adecisioncannotbepassedatameetingifoneattendeecastsavoteagainstnomatterhowmanyvotesareinfavor.–Tr.

BuildChinaintoaCyberpower*

February27,2014

*MainpointsofthespeechatthefirstmeetingoftheCentralLeadingGroupforCyberspaceAffairs.

Cyber securityand information technologyapplicationaremajor strategicissuesconcerningthesecurityanddevelopmentofthecountry,andtheworkandlife of the people. We should, based on both the international and domesticsituations,makeoverallplans,coordinateallrelatedparties,promoteinnovativedevelopment,andworkhardtobuildChinaintoacyberpower.

In theworld today the ITrevolution ismaking rapidadvances,exertingaprofoundinfluenceonpolitics,economy,culture,societyandthemilitaryinallcountries. ITapplicationandeconomicglobalization stimulate eachother.TheInternet has already been integrated into all aspects of social life worldwide,evengoingsofarastochangethemodeofproductionandwayoflife.Chinaisgoingalongwithandbeingprofoundlyinfluencedbythistrend.ChinahasmaderemarkableachievementsinthedevelopmentoftheInternetandITapplication.NumeroushouseholdsinChinanowhaveaccesstotheInternet,andChinaranksfirstinthenumberofnetizensintheworld.However,weshouldalsobeawarethat China lags behind in cyber innovation; the gaps in Internet use betweenregionsandbetweenurbanandruralareaswithinChinaarestillwide,andthereisaprofoundgapinpercapitabandwidthbetweenChinaandtheadvancedlevelof the world. All in all, the bottlenecks constricting China’s Internetdevelopmentarestillprominent.

Cyber security and IT application are closely interconnected with manyother fields in any country.We should be fully aware ofwherewe stand andwhatweshoulddo.Wemustunderstandthat it isvitalforustoactrightnow.Wemustmakeplansaccordinglyandcarry themoutas theconditionspermit.Cyber security and IT application are as important toChina aswings are to abird.Wemust,therefore,makecoordinatedplansforboth,andimplementthemin a unified way. To promote cyber security and IT application, we shouldbalance security and development, and ensure that the two proceed in tandem

andstimulateeachothertosecurelong-termdevelopment.

It is a long-term task to ensure that online public opinion is healthy andsound. We should innovate and improve online publicity, and use Internetcommunication rules to advocate things wholesome and positive, anddisseminateandput intopractice thecoresocialistvalues.Weshouldproperlyhandle timing, extent and efficiency so as tomakeour cyberspacewholesomeandclean.

Onlineinformationknowsnonationalboundaries.Theflowofinformationassiststhatoftechnology,capitalandtalent.Informationresourceshavebecomeimportantfactorsofproductionandsocialwealth.Theamountofinformationacountry possesses has become a major indicator of its soft power andcompetitiveness.Thedevelopment levelofacountry’s ITand informationandcommunicationstechnologyindustrydecidesthelevelofitsITapplication.Weshouldenhancetheinnovationofcoretechnologyandimprovecoretechnologyinfrastructure,andbecomebetterabletocollect,process,disseminateandutilizeinformation and ensure information security, in order to better benefit thepeople’swell-being.

Without ensuring cyber security, we cannot safeguard national security;without promoting IT application, we cannot realize modernization. To buildChina into a cyberpower,we should have exclusive and powerful informationtechnologies,richandcomprehensiveinformationservicesandathrivingcyberculture. We should have a good information infrastructure and a stronginformation economy. We should have high-caliber cyber security and ITapplication professionals. In addition, we should carry out bilateral andmultilateral Internet exchanges and cooperation with other countries. ThestrategyforbuildingChinaintoacyberpowershouldbecarriedoutatthesametime as we work to accomplish the Two Centenary Goals. We should keepmaking progress in making the Internet infrastructure basically universal,improving our innovation capacity, developing the information economy, andensuringcybersecurity.

We should formulate comprehensive research and development strategiesfor information and cyber technology, andmake great efforts to turn researchfindings into practical applications.We should promulgate policies to supportthe development of enterprises, and encourage them to make technological

innovationsandbecomethemaindevelopersoftheITindustry.

We should lose no time in formulating plans for improving the laws andregulationsonmanagingInternetinformationandprotectingthekeyinformationinfrastructure.We should supervise cyberspace in accordancewith the law tosafeguardourcitizens’legitimaterightsandinterests.

TobuildChinaintoacyberpowerweshouldpoolallourresourcesoftalentand train them to become a powerful force with political integrity, top-flightexpertiseandfineconduct.“Itiseasytomustera1,000-manarmy,buthardtofindacapablegeneral.”[1]Weshouldtraingloballyrenownedscientists,leadingInternetsci-techfigures,outstandingengineersandhigh-levelinnovationteams.

The Central Leading Group for Cyberspace Affairs should providecentralizedleadership,coordinatemajorissuesconcerningcybersecurityandITapplication in all fields, formulate and implement development strategies,overall planning andmajor policies on cyber security and IT application, andenhancesecurityguaranteesinthisregard.

Notes

[1]MaZhiyuan:Autumn inHanPalace (HanGongQiu).Ma Zhiyuan (c. 1250- c. 1324)was aplaywrightintheYuanDynasty(1279-1368).

AHolisticViewofNationalSecurity*

April15,2014

*MainpointsofthespeechatthefirstmeetingoftheNationalSecurityCommission.

We need to acquire an accurate understanding of new developments andtrendsofthesituationofnationalsecurity,adheretoaholisticviewanddevelopnationalsecuritywithChinesecharacteristics.

In running the Party and the country, one of our basic principles is toremainkeenlyalerttopotentialdangersandonguardagainstadversityintimesofpeace.To secure its leadership role andunite the country inupholding anddeveloping socialism with Chinese characteristics, our Party should makenationalsecurityitstoppriority.

TheThirdPlenarySessionoftheParty’s18thNationalCongressdecidedtoestablish the National Security Commission (NSC). This is a pressingrequirementformodernizingthenationalgovernancesystemandenhancingourgovernance capacity, and for achieving long-term political stability. This willprovide a strongguarantee for building amoderately prosperous society in allrespects,andforfulfillingtheChineseDreamoftherejuvenationoftheChinesenation. The aim of the establishment of the Council is to better handle newdevelopments and new tasks in the realm of national security, and build anational security systemwhich is centralized, integrated, highly efficient, andauthoritative,soastoimproveleadershipovertheworkofnationalsecurity.

At present, the national security issues facingChina encompass farmoresubjects,extendoveragreaterrangeandcovera longer timescale thanatanytime in the country’s history. Internally and externally, the factors at play aremorecomplexthaneverbefore.Therefore,wemustmaintainaholisticviewofnational security, take the people’s security as our ultimate goal, achievepolitical security as our fundamental task, regard economic security as ourfoundation,withmilitary,culturalandpublicsecurityasmeansofguarantee,andpromoteinternationalsecuritysoastoestablishanationalsecuritysystemwith

Chinesecharacteristics.

To implementaholisticviewofnational security,weshouldattachequalimportance to internal and external security – promoting development, reformandstabilityandbuildingChinaintoasafecountrydomestically,whileseekingpeace, cooperation and mutual benefits and building a harmonious worldinternationally. Homeland security and the people’s security are equallyimportant.Wemust follow the principle of people first, insist that everythingdonefornationalsecurityisforthesakeofthepeople,shouldrelyonthepeople,and gain the support of the people. We must pay close attention to bothtraditionalandnon-traditionalsecurity,andbuildanationalsecuritysystemthatintegrates such elements as political, homeland, military, economic, cultural,social, science and technology, information, ecological, resource and nuclearsecurity.Weshouldpaycloseattention tobothdevelopmentandsecurity.Theformer is the foundation of the latterwhile the latter is a precondition for theformer.Awealthycountrymaybuildastrongarmy,andastrongarmyisabletosafeguardthecountry.Whilepayingcloseattentiontoourownsecurity,wemustalsopayattentiontothecommonsecurityoftheworld,andcontributeourefforttoturningtheworldintoasecureplaceforallnations.Weshouldurgeallpartiestoworkhardforthegoalsofmutualbenefitandcommonsecurity.

TheNSCshouldabidebytheprinciplesofcentralizedleadership,scientificplanning,exercisingpowerinbothcentralizedandseparatedways,coordinatedactions,andhighperformanceandefficiency.Itshouldfocusitsefforts,followthe key guidelines, and vigorously implement the overall strategy of China’snationalsecurity.

SafeguardNationalSecurityandSocialStability*

April25,2014


At a time when we are confronted with new situations and challenges,successfully safeguarding national security and social stability is particularlyimportant for furthering the reform, achieving the Two Centenary Goals andrealizing the Chinese Dream of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Allregions and government agencies should perform their functions and duties,assumetheirresponsibilities,fullycooperatewitheachother,andworktogethertomaintainnationalsecurityandsocialstability.

Sincethereformandopening-uppolicywasadoptedin1978ourPartyhaspaidcloseattentiontocorrectlybalancingreform,developmentandstability,andmadesafeguardingnationalsecurityandsocialstabilityabasictaskofthePartyand the central government. We have maintained overall social stability inChina, thereby providing a favorable environment for reform, opening up andsocialistmodernization.“Oneshouldbemindfulofpossibledangerintimesofpeace,downfallintimesofsurvival,andchaosintimesofstability.”[1]

However, we should be aware that in our efforts to safeguard nationalsecurityandsocialstabilityinthesenewcircumstancesweareconfrontedwithincreasing threats and challenges. And, more importantly, these threats andchallengesareinterlockedandcanbemutuallyactivated.Wemustremainclear-minded, stay true to our principles, effectively avert, manage and respond torisks toournationalsecurity,and takeup,copewithandresolvechallenges tooursocialstability.

All regions and government agencies should implement China’s holisticview of national security, and acquire an accurate understanding of the newcharacteristics and trends of our national security. We should attach equalimportancetoexternalandinternalsecurity,homelandsecurityandthepeople’s

security, traditionalandnon-traditionalsecurity,developmentandsecurity,ourownsecurityandthecommonsecurityoftheworld,andcarryouttothefullallour work related to national security. We should promote national securityeducation among all the Chinese people and enhance their awareness in thisregard.

Counteringterrorismhasadirectbearingonnationalsecurity,thepeople’simmediate interests, and reform, development and stability. The battle againstterrorismsafeguardsnationalunity,socialstabilityandthepeople’swell-being.Wemusttakedecisivemeasuresindeterringterrorismandkeepupthepressureto thwart terrorism.We shouldwork out a sound anti-terrorismwork pattern,improveouranti-terrorismworksystemandbuildupouranti-terrorismstrength.We should enlist both professional forces and the public in the fight againstterrorism,getthegeneralpublictocarryoutdifferentformsofactivitiesagainstterrorism,buildanimpregnableanti-terrorismnetwork,andensurethatterroristsarehunteddownlikerats.Weshouldalsoletpatrioticreligiouspersonagesplayarole,enhancepositiveguidanceforreligiousbelievers,meetthelatter’snormalreligiousneeds,andeffectivelyresisttheinfiltrationofreligiousextremism.

Terrorismdeniesbasichumanrights,tramplesonhumanitarianjusticeandchallengesthesharednormsofhumancivilization.Itisnotanissueofethnicity,noranissueofreligion.Terroristsarethecommonenemyofpeopleofallethnicgroups.Weshouldfirmlytrustandrelyontheofficialsandthegeneralpublicofall ethnic groups, and unitewith them in safeguarding ethnic unity and socialstability.

We should increase our efforts to combat separatist activities in the newcircumstances,promoteethnicunity,ensurethatallethnicgroupsworktogetherforcommonprosperityanddevelopment,enhancepublicityforandeducationinethnic unity, consolidate the theoretical foundation of ethnic unity, andmaximizeour efforts to unitewith thepeopleof all ethnicgroups.We shouldenhancethebuildingofcommunity-levelPartyorganizationsandgovernments,andcarryouteducationalworkthoroughlyandmeticulouslyamongthepeople.We should acquire a correct understanding of the Party’s policies regardingethnic and religious affairs, promptly and properly resolve all conflicts anddisputes undermining ethnic unity, and contain and crack down on separatist,infiltrationand sabotageactivitiesbydomesticor foreignhostile forceson thepretextofethnicissues.

To safeguard national security we must maintain social harmony andstability, prevent and resolve social conflicts, and improve our institutions,mechanisms,policies andpractical endeavors tomake thishappen.Weshouldmake China’s developmentmore comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable,work harder to ensure and improve the people’swell-being, and tackle socialconflicts at the source.We shouldmakepromoting social fairness, justice andthepeople’swell-beingourultimategoal,andincreaseoureffortsinbalancingthe interests of all sectors, so that all the people can increasingly share in thefruits of development in a fairerway.We should implement and improve theinstitutionsandmechanismsforprotectingthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofthepeople,andthemechanismforassessingpotentialrisks,soastoreduceandprevent conflicts of interest. We should comprehensively promote law-basedgovernance, and better safeguard the people’s lawful rights and interests.Weshould encourage all the people to resolve all social conflicts through legalprocedures andby legalmeans, and ensure that people do things according tolaw, examine the law provisions in case of conflict, and use laws to solveproblemsandconflicts.

Notes

[1]TheBookofChanges(ZhouYi).

EcologicalProgress

ABetterEnvironmentforaBeautifulChina*

April2,2013

*Mainpointsofthespeechatavoluntarytree-plantingactivityinBeijing.

Weneedtostrengthenpublicityandeducationandcarryoutnewactivitiestogetmorepeopletoplanttrees.Wewillprotectforestsinaccordancewiththelaw,persistentlycarryout thiscampaignandmake itmoreeffective.Thiswillcreate a better environment for completing the building of a moderatelyprosperous society in all respects and realizing theChineseDreamofnationalrejuvenation.

Our tree-planting campaignwas launchedmore than 30 years ago. It hasboostedtherecoveryanddevelopmentofChina’sforestresources,andincreasedpublic awareness of the importance of tree planting and environmentalprotection. However, we must recognize the fact that China is still anecologicallyvulnerablecountrywithascarcityof forest resources,and facesalong-termandarduousmissionofafforestationandecologicalimprovement.

Forestsarethemainstayandanimportantresourceforthelandecosystem.They are also an important ecological safeguard for the survival anddevelopmentofmankind.It ishardtoimaginewhatwouldhappentotheearthand human beings without forests. Our Party raised a requirement to build abeautiful China at its 18th National Congress. The whole of society shouldenhance its ecological awareness and strengthen environmental protection inaccordance with this requirement, so as to build China into a country with agoodenvironment.

UsherinaNewEraofEcologicalProgress*

May24,2013

*MainpointsofthespeechatthesixthgroupstudysessionofthePoliticalBureauofthe18thCPCCentralCommitteewhichXipresidedover.

Our efforts for ecological conservation and environmental protectionwillbenefit futuregenerations.Wemustbeaware that it isapressinganddifficulttasktoprotecttheenvironmentandcontrolpollution,andthatitisimportantandnecessary to advance ecological progress.Wemust take a responsible attitudetowards our people and future generations, be resolute in controllingenvironmentalpollution,strivetousherinaneweraofecologicalprogressandimprovetheenvironmentforourpeopletoliveandworkin.

Ecologicalprogressisofvitalimportancetothefutureofthenationandthewell-being of its people. The 18th National Congress of the CPC listedecologicalprogressalongwitheconomic,political,culturalandsocialprogressasthefivegoalsintheoverallplanforthecauseofChinesesocialism,vowingtopromoteecologicalprogress tobuildabeautifulChinaandachieve lastingandsustainabledevelopmentoftheChinesenation.

Topromoteecologicalprogress,wemustcomprehensively implement theguiding principles of the Party’s 18th National Congress, and take DengXiaoping Theory, the important thought of the Three Represents and theScientificOutlook onDevelopment as our guide.Wemust raise awareness ofthe need to respect, protect, and accommodate ourselves to nature, follow thebasic state policy of resource conservation and environmental protection, andgive high priority to conserving resources, protecting the environment andpromoting its natural restoration. We must dedicate ourselves to raising ourecological awareness, enhancing relevant systems, safeguarding ecologicalsecurity, and improving the environment.Wemust preserve our geographicalspaceand streamlineour industrial structure,ourmodeofproduction, andourwayoflifeintheinterestofresourceconservationandenvironmentalprotection.

We must strike a balance between economic growth and environmentalprotection, and bear in mind that protecting the environment equates toprotecting productivity and that improving the environment also equates todeveloping productivity. We will be more conscientious in promoting green,circular, and low-carbon development. We will never again seek economicgrowthatthecostoftheenvironment.

Itisthroughlandusethatecologicalprogresscanbeadvanced.Maintaininga balance between population, resources and the environment, and promotingeconomic,socialandecologicalefficiency,wewilldetermineanoverallplanfordevelopingourland,andallotspacetoproduction,todailylife,andtoecologicaldevelopment as appropriate, in order to leave more space for nature’s self-restoration. We will accelerate the work of functional zoning, follow thefunctionaldefinitionsofdifferentareaswheredevelopmentmustbeoptimized,prioritized, restricted, or forbidden, and delimit and strictly enforce ecologicalred lines. We will work out appropriate plans for urbanization, agriculturaldevelopment and ecological security to safeguard national and regionalecologicalsecurity,andimproveservicesforecologicalconservation.Wemustfullyunderstandtheimportanceofenforcingecologicalredlines.Anyviolationsregardingenvironmentalprotectionwillbepunished.

Resource conservation is a fundamental way to protect the environment.Wewillconserveresourcesandusethemefficiently,bringaboutafundamentalchange in the way resources are utilized, increase conservation efforts in allrespects, and drastically reduce the consumption of energy, water and landresourcesperunit ofGDP.Wewill vigorouslydevelopa circular economy toreducewasteandresourceconsumption,re-useresources,andrecyclewaste intheprocessofproduction,distributionandconsumption.

Wewill launchmajor projects to restore the ecosystem, and increase ourcapacityforproducingeco-friendlyproducts.Asoundecologicalenvironmentisthebasic foundation for the sustainable development of humanity and society.The public are greatly concerned about the environment. So we should placeemphasis on serious environmental problems that pose health hazards to thepeople,andtakeaholisticapproachtointensifyingthepreventionandcontrolofwater,airandsoilpollution,withthefocusonwaterpollutioninkeyriverbasinsandregions,andonairpollutioninkeyindustrialsectorsandareas.

Wemusthave the strictestpossible institutionsand legislation inplace inordertoguaranteeecologicalprogress.Todothis,weshouldfirstofallimprovetheevaluationnormsforeconomicandsocialdevelopment to includeresourceconsumption, environmental damage, ecological benefits and other indicatorsthatcanbeused toassessecological improvement,anduse them todirectandshapeourecologicalwork.Wewillestablishanaccountabilitysystem,andcallto account officialswhose ill-judged decisions have caused serious ecologicaldamage.

Wewillincreasepublicityandeducationontheneedtopromoteecologicalprogress, raisepublic awarenessof theneed to conserve resources andprotecttheenvironment,andfosterasocialatmosphereofcherishingourenvironment.

LeavetoOurFutureGenerationsBlueSkies,GreenFieldsandCleanWater*

July18,2013

*LetterofcongratulationstotheEcoForumAnnualGlobalConferenceGuiyang2013.

Onbehalfof theChinesegovernmentandpeople,andinmyownname,Iwould like toextendcongratulationson theopeningof theEcoForumAnnualGlobalConferenceGuiyang2013, and awarmwelcome toheadsof state andgovernment,UnitedNationsofficials,experts,scholars,businessleadersandallotherdistinguishedguestsatthisconference.

“BuildingEcoCivilization:GreenTransformationandTransition–GreenIndustry, Green Urbanization and Green Consumption-led SustainableDevelopment” is the themeof thisconference. It reflects theshared interestofthe international community inpromotingecologicalprogress. I amconvincedthat the achievementsmade by the participants at this conferencewillmake ausefulcontributiontoprotectingtheglobalenvironment.

UsheringinaneweraofecologicalprogressandbuildingabeautifulChinais an important element of theChineseDream.Chinawill respect and protectnature,andaccommodateitselftonature’sneeds.Itwillremaincommittedtothebasicstatepolicyofconservingresourcesandprotectingtheenvironment.Itwillpromote green, circular and low-carbon development, and promote ecologicalprogressineveryaspectofitsefforttoachieveeconomic,political,culturalandsocialprogress.Chinawillalsodeveloparesource-efficientandenvironmentallyfriendlygeographicallayout,industrialstructure,modeofproductionandwayoflife, and leave to our future generations aworking and living environment ofblueskies,greenfieldsandcleanwater.

Protectingtheenvironment,addressingclimatechangeandsecuringenergyandresourcesisacommonchallengeforthewholeworld.Chinawillcontinuetoassume its due international obligations, carry out in-depth exchanges andcooperationwithallothercountriesinpromotingecologicalprogress,andwork

with them to promote the sharing of best practices, and make the earth anenvironmentallysoundhomeland.

Iwishtheconferenceeverysuccess.

XiJinping

PresidentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina

NationalDefense

BuildupOurNationalDefenseandArmedForces*

November16,2012

*MainpointsofthespeechatanenlargedmeetingoftheCentralMilitaryCommission.

The leading body of the Central Military Commission and the seniorofficersinthearmyshouldermajorhistoricalresponsibilitiesinbuildingupournational defense and armed forces.Wemust remain clear-headed, cherish theachievementsofpastgenerations,drawuponthepreciousexperienceswehaveaccumulated,andvaluetheprogressthatisalreadybeingmade.Wemustservethe Party and the people whole-heartedly and further strengthen our nationaldefenseandarmedforces.

Studyingandapplying theguidingprinciplesof theParty’s18thNationalCongressmustbeournumberonepoliticaltask,andwemustdoitwell.Inlinewith therequirementsof thePartyCentralCommitteeand theCentralMilitaryCommission, a campaign should be launched promptly in the armed forces tostudy and apply these principles. We should continue to study the ScientificOutlook onDevelopment, and use it to guide ourwork.We should study theParty’sguidingthoughtsconcerningthebuildingofnationaldefenseandarmedforces,takingtheScientificOutlookonDevelopmentastheguidingprincipleinthis respect, and fully understand the features and laws of the building ofnational defense and armed forces in the new environment. We shouldsummarize the valuable experience gained byChairmanHu Jintao in buildingournationaldefenseandarmedforces,maintaintheprincipleshedeveloped,andcontinuetoimplementhispoliciesandstrategicdecisions.

WemustupholdtheParty’sleadershipofthearmedforces.Thisiscentralto the nature and mission of the armed forces, the future of socialism, theenduring stability of the Party, and the lasting peace of our country. It isfundamentaltotheexistenceanddevelopmentofthearmedforces.Inoureffortstostrengthenourarmedforceswemusttreattheoreticalandpoliticaleducationasourfirstpriority,sothattheParty’sleadershipofthemwilltakefirmrootinthemindsofourofficersandsoldiers,and thewholearmedforceswill follow

withouthesitationthecommandsofthePartyCentralCommitteeandtheCentralMilitaryCommissionatalltimesandunderallconditions.WemuststrengthentheleadershipofthePartyoverthearmedforcesintheaspectsoftheoreticalandpolitical education, and political and organizational affairs. We will applypolitical convictions as a measure when reviewing and appointing officers toensure thatourweaponry isalways in thehandsof thosewhoare reliableandloyal to the Party. We must strictly enforce discipline on those who commiterrorsinpoliticalororganizationalaffairs,safeguardtheauthorityoftheCentralCommittee and the Central Military Commission, and ensure the smoothimplementationoftheirmilitaryorders.

Wemustbeabletofulfillacompleterangeofmilitarytasks.Thewholeofthe armed forcesmust have an in-depthunderstandingof the important role ithasinthebroadpictureofChina’snationalsecurityanddevelopmentstrategies.It must put national sovereignty and security before any other consideration.Being “action ready” must be its major task, and it must comprehensivelyenhanceitsdeterrenceandcombatcapacityintheinformationage.Thewholeofthearmedforcesmustattachstrategicimportancetomilitarytraining,andkeepraisingits“realcombat”capacity.

Inlinewiththeprincipleofcomprehensivedevelopmentwemustcontinueto modernize and standardize our forces, and strengthen their revolutionaryspirit. We will take a holistic approach to all work related to political andmilitary matters, logistics and equipment, in order to upgrade the overallcapacityofourforces.Inanewenvironment,wemustpromoteinnovationanddevelopment of our military strategy, use our strategy to guide our tasks instrengtheningour forces, andbaseourpoliciesonamilitary strategyofactivedefense.

We will thoroughly apply the Party’s guidelines on the development ofnationaldefenseandthearmedforces,promotesuchdevelopmentinascientificmanner,andstrivetomakerealprogressintransformingthemodeofincreasingcombat effectiveness. We will press forward with the transformation of ourmilitary affairs and build a system of modern military forces with Chinesecharacteristics.

Wemust carryon theglorious traditionsof ourmilitary.These traditionshavebeendevelopedundertheleadershipofMaoZedong,DengXiaoping,Jiang

Zemin and Hu Jintao, and we will continue to apply them as we strive tomodernizeournationaldefenseandarmedforces.Wewilleducateourofficersandsoldiers to intensify theirability to respond toadversityandcrisis, so thattheircommitmentwillremainfirm,theirworkdetermined,theirmoralehighandtheir discipline unwavering. Our officers and soldiers will maintain anindomitablerevolutionaryspiritandbedauntlessincombat.Wewillmakeeveryeffort to combat corruption and promote integrity in the armed forces. Seniorofficersmust take a clear-cut stand against corruption, and set an example inabidingbythecodeofhonestconduct.

With the firm leadership of the Party Central Committee and CentralMilitary Commission, with the strong support of the people, and with theconcerted efforts of all our armed forces, we will succeed in our determinedcampaigntoforgeanever-strongernationaldefenseandarmedforces.

BuildStrongNationalDefenseandPowerfulMilitaryForces*

December8and10,2012

*MainpointsofthespeechduringhisinspectionvisittotheGuangzhouMilitaryCommand.

China’s military forces must unite in upholding socialism with Chinesecharacteristics, and take Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of theThreeRepresents, and theScientificOutlookonDevelopmentas theirguidingprinciples.TheParty’s18thNationalCongressproduceda seriesofguidelinesanddefinedasetofstrategicmeasuresonnationaldefenseandthedevelopmentof China’s military forces. These must be thoroughly and rigorouslyimplemented.China’smilitarymust never lose sight of the fact that followingtheParty’s command is its coreduty, to fight andwin is its fundamental role,andtorunthearmystrictlyandinaccordancewiththelawiskeytoachievingtheseaims.Wemustbuildamodernandstandardizedmilitarydedicatedtoourrevolutionarygoals.

Inoureffortstostrengthenourarmedforceswemusttreattheoreticalandpoliticaleducationasourfirstpriority,andensurethatourworkisalwaysdoneinaccordancewiththerightpoliticalprinciples.WewilleducateourofficersandsoldiersinthetheoriesofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandfostertheircorevaluesascontemporaryrevolutionaryservicepersonnel[1].Wewillensurethat they follow the Party’s commands, fulfill theirmissionswithout fail, andmaintain thegreat traditionsofourarmedforces.Toreinforce their theoreticalandpoliticaleducation,ourforces’firstresponsibilityisandwillremainthetaskof studying, disseminating, and applying the guiding principles of the 18thNationalCongress.Wemustintegratestudywithpractice,andimplementtheseguidingprinciplesinouractions.

Wewillenhanceourcombatreadinessthroughfull-scalecombatsimulationexercises,andreinforcethebeliefthatassoldiersourmissionistofight,andasofficers our mission is to lead our men to victory.Wemust train our troopsstrictlyandprovide rigidcriteria for realcombat,modernizeourarmedforces,

and enhance their capacity to fulfill diverse military tasks. The armed forcesmust be capable ofwinning regional engagements in the information age.Wemustfollowtothelettersuchmilitarypracticesasstrictlyobservingdiscipline,executingeveryorder,andactinginunison.Therankandfilemustbethefocusofourwork.

AchievingthegreatrenewaloftheChinesenationhasbecomethedreamoftheChinesepeople inmodern times.Thisgreatdreamwehave is tomakeourcountry strong. To the military, the dream is to make our forces strong. Toachievetheseaimswemuststrivebothtoenrichthecountryandbuildastrongnational defense and powerfulmilitary.The armed forcesmust never falter inupholdingtheParty’sabsoluteleadership,andallservicepersonsmustbewell-disciplined,soastoensurethatthearmedforcesaresecureandstable.

The heroic armed forces of the people will carry on its great traditions,buildonpastmerits,soastoforgeaheadtofulfillthehistoricalresponsibilitiestheyshoulder.

Notes

[1]Thecorevaluesofthearmedforcesare:loyaltytotheParty,loveforthepeople,devotiontothecountry,dedicationtothemission,andrespectforhonor.

BuildPeople’sArmedForcesThatFollowtheParty’sCommands,AreAbletoWinBattlesandHaveFineConduct*

March11,2013

*Main points of the speech at the plenary meeting of the People’s Liberation Army delegationduringtheFirstSessionofthe12thNationalPeople’sCongress.

Ourarmedforcesmustthoroughlyimplementtheguidingprinciplesofthe18th CPC National Congress, uphold socialism with Chinese characteristics,follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of theThreeRepresentsand theScientificOutlookonDevelopment.Wemust firmlyfollow the Party’s goal ofmilitary development under the new circumstancesand, build revolutionary, modernized and standardized people’s armed forcesthatfaithfullyfollowtheParty’scommands,areabletowinbattlesandhavefineconduct.

Building such forces is theParty’sgoal fordeveloping themilitaryunderthe new circumstances. It is essential for the military to follow the Party’scommands,whichdetermines thepoliticalorientationofmilitarydevelopment.It is vital for themilitary to be capable of fighting towin,which is the basicfunctionofthemilitaryaswellasthefundamentalobjectiveofitsdevelopment.Tohavefineconductensuresthatthemilitarydemonstratesitsnature,aspirationand character.Our armed forcesmust understand this goal, bear it inmind intheir efforts to promote military development, reform and preparedness, andbringnationaldefenseandmilitarydevelopmenttoanewlevel.

WemustensuretheabsoluteleadershipofthePartyoverthemilitarythatfollowsthecommandsofthePartyandservesthepeople.Itmustbeloyal,pureandreliable,andallitsactionsmustbeunderthecommandofthePartyCentralCommitteeandtheCentralMilitaryCommission.Wemustfocusonthekeytaskofbuildingstrongmilitaryforceswhichareabletofighttowin,makesurethatsoldiersarecapableoffighting,officersofcommanding,andtroopswelltrained.We must uphold combat capacity as the sole and fundamental standard formilitary development. We should promote our military development and

preparednesstomeettheneedsofwar,beingreadytofightatalltimesandinallconditions.Havingafineworkstyleistheuniquefeatureandpoliticaladvantageofourmilitary.Wemuststepupeffortstoimproveourworkstyle,ensuregoodconductineveryaspectofmilitarydevelopmentandmanagement,stayrealistic,pragmaticand results-oriented,and reinforce thebasicprincipleof running themilitarystrictlyandinaccordancewiththelaw.Indoingthis,wewillmaintainourlong-establishedimageasthearmedforcesofthepeople.

We should coordinate the development of our economy and defensecapabilities,andcombineeffortstomakethecountryprosperousandthemilitarystrong. We should further the great integration of military and civiliandevelopment, and work to achieve in-depth integration of the use ofinfrastructure and other key facilities based on demands and led by thegovernment.Atthesametime,weshouldmanagethemilitarybudgetwellanduseitproperlybyworkinghard,practicingeconomy,andopposingextravaganceandwaste,soastoputthefundstotheirbestuse.Weshouldcarryonthefinetradition of themilitary supporting the government and cherishing the peoplewhilethegovernmentandthepeoplerespectthetroopsandprovidepreferentialtreatmenttotheirfamilies.Weshouldensurethat themilitaryandlocalpeopleworktogethertopromotematerialadvance,andculturalandethicalprogress,aswell as social harmony.To show concern for and support the development ofnationaldefenseandthemilitary,Partycommitteesandgovernmentsatalllevelsshouldenhanceeducationinnationaldefenseknowledgeandpopularawarenessso that the whole of society will have common understandings and jointinitiativesincaringfor,loving,developingandsafeguardingnationaldefense.

“OneCountry,TwoSystems”

HongKong,MacaoandtheChineseMainlandAreCloselyLinkedbyDestiny*

December20,2012,March18,2013andDecember18,2013

* Main points of talks with Leung Chun-ying, chief executive of the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrativeRegion, andFernandoChuiSaiOn,chiefexecutiveof theMacaoSpecialAdministrativeRegion.

I

Since the new government of the Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion (HKSAR) took office, Mr Leung Chun-ying and his team, bothenterprising and pragmatic, have made many achievements. The centralgovernment affirms their efforts and will continue to support the HKSARgovernmentinitsadministrationinaccordancewiththelaw.

People are concerned whether the policies and principles of the centralgovernmenttowardsHongKongandMacaowillchangeaftertheelectionofthenewcentralleadership.Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoreiteratethatthecentralgovernmentwillcontinuetoimplementthepolicyof“onecountry, twosystems”[1]andhandlethingsinstrictconformitywiththeBasicLaw;therewillbe no change in our resolve to support the chief executive and the HKSARgovernment in their administration in accordance with the law and theperformance of their duties; nor will there be any change in our policy ofsupporting the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions indevelopingtheireconomies,improvingtheirpeople’swell-being,andpromotingdemocracyandharmony.The fundamentalpolicies andprinciplesonhandlingHongKong andMacao affairs expounded at the 18thCPCNationalCongressare in line with the policies and principles the central government has longadopted for the two regions. The key lies in a comprehensive and accurateunderstandingandimplementationofthe“onecountry,twosystems”principle,andrespectforandmaintenanceoftheauthorityoftheBasicLaw.

China’sdevelopmentisgood,andsplendidprospectshavebeenunfolding

beforeus, featuring thecompletionof thebuildingofamoderatelyprosperoussociety in all respects and the achievement of the rejuvenation of theChinesenation.AsIhavesaid,achievingtherejuvenationoftheChinesenationhasbeenthe greatest dream of theChinese people since the advent ofmodern times. IbelievethatpeopleinHongKongalsoholdthisdreamdearly.IalsobelievethatHongKongpeople,whohave adeep senseof national respect andpride,willsurelymaketheircontributionalongwiththepeopleoftherestofthecountrytoachievingtherejuvenationoftheChinesenation.

(MainpointsofthetalkwithLeungChun-ying,chiefexecutiveoftheHKSAR,December20,2012)

II

Todayisthe13thanniversaryofMacao’sreturntothemotherland.FirstofallIwishtoconveythroughMrFernandoChuiSaiOnmycordialgreetingstoand best wishes forMacao’s people. The general situation inMacao is good.Fernando Chui Sai On, the government of theMacao Special AdministrativeRegion (MSAR) and people of allwalks of life inMacao have beenworkingtogethertomaintaintheprosperity,stabilityanddevelopmentofMacao,andthecentralgovernmentaffirms theeffortsmadebyFernandoChuiSaiOnand theMSARgovernment.

Thecentralgovernmentwill, asalways, implement the“onecountry, twosystems”principle,thepolicyof“MacaopeoplegoverningMacao”withahighdegree of autonomy and the Basic Law of the MSAR, support the chiefexecutiveandtheMSARgovernmentintheiradministrationinaccordancewiththe law and the performance of their duties, and support the MSAR indeveloping its economy, improving its people’s well-being, and promotingdemocracyandharmony.WearefullyconfidentofthefutureofourcountryandtheChinesenation,andwefirmlybelievethatprogresswillbemadeinallsocialundertakingsinMacao.

(MainpointsofthetalkwithFernandoChuiSaiOn,chiefexecutiveoftheMSAR,December20,2012)

III

HongKong,MacaoandtheChinesemainlandarecloselylinkedbydestiny.TorealizetheChineseDream–therejuvenationoftheChinesenation–HongKong,MacaoandtheChinesemainlandmustpoolandshareourstrength,andseekcommondevelopment.Moreover,thepeopleofHongKong,MacaoandtheChinesemainlandmusthelpeachothertomakeprogress.

Leung Chun-ying has put forward the administrative idea of “seekingchangewhilepreserving stability,”whichhasbeenacceptedby the citizensofHongKong.Now the key question lies in its implementation. It is not only aresponsibilityofthechiefexecutiveandtheHKSARgovernment,butamissionrelyingon the jointeffortsofpeopleofallwalksof life inHongKong.Wheneverybodyaddswoodtothefire,theflamesrisehigh.WehopethatpeopleofallwalksoflifeinHongKongwillunitecloselytosupportthechiefexecutiveandtheHKSARgovernmentinadministrationinaccordancewiththelawandjointlycreateabrighterfutureforHongKong.

Macao is experiencing a relatively good time in its history, but its futuredevelopment faces challenges too. We hope that the MSAR government andpeople of all walks of life will be keenly aware of potential problems, takeadvantage of favorable timing and conditions, and study and solve majorproblemsthatmayhinderMacao’sprogress,soastolayasolidfoundationforthefuturedevelopmentofMacao.

(MainpointsofthetalkwithLeungChun-ying,chiefexecutiveoftheHKSAR,andFernandoChuiSaiOn,chiefexecutiveoftheMSAR,March18,

2013)

IV

Implementing the administrative principles of “seeking change whilepreserving stability” and “people’s well-being first,” you and the HKSARgovernmenthavefocusedontheresolutionofmajorproblemsineconomicandsocial development, and achieved initial results. The central government fullyaffirmsyourefforts.

The Third Plenary Session of the 18thCPCCentral Committeemade anoverallplanondrivingreformtoadeeperlevel,whichisamajorstrategicplanconcerningChina’s development.According to the plan, themainlandwill let

themarketplayadecisiveroleinresourceallocationandgivebetterplaytothegovernment’s functions, which will be conducive to the expansion of themainland’sopenness toandcooperationwithHongKong,MacaoandTaiwan,furtherexchangesandcooperationbetween themainlandandHongKong,andmoreopportunitiesandscopeforHongKong’sdevelopment.

The central government has been consistent and clear-cut in its stancetowards universal suffrage when it comes to electing the Hong Kong chiefexecutivein2017.WehopethatpeopleofallwalksoflifeinHongKongwillbuild a consensus through down-to-earth consultations in accordancewith theBasicLawanddecisionsoftheStandingCommitteeoftheNPC,andlayagoodfoundationfortheuniversalsuffragefortheelectionofthechiefexecutive.

(MainpointsofthetalkwithLeungChun-ying,chiefexecutiveofHKSAR,December18,2013)

V

Macaoismaintainingagooddevelopmenttrend,itseconomyisonasteadyrise,itssocietyisharmoniousandstable,anditspeopleliveandworkinpeaceandcontentment.Thecentralgovernment fully affirms the effortsyouand theMSAR government have made. At present, Macao should think of potentialproblemsintimesofpeaceandmakealong-termplan.ThisrequirestheMSARgovernmentandpeopleofallwalksoflifeinMacaotomakecontinuouseffortstofindouthowtoremainbothpragmaticandinnovativeonthebasisofMacao’srapid economic development over the past few years, how to solve problemsemerging in the process of development, how to explore ways for theappropriatelydiversifieddevelopmentofMacaoandhowtorealizesustainableprogressforit.

The Third Plenary Session of the 18thCPCCentral Committeemade anoverallplanondrivingreformtoadeeperlevel,whichisamajorstrategicplanconcerningChina’sdevelopment.Robust positive energyhasbeengathered inall sectors across China to comprehensively advance reform further, and thepeopleofallethnicgroupsinthecountryareworkingdiligentlyinunityfortherealization of the Two Centenary Goals and the Chinese Dream of therejuvenationoftheChinesenation.ThedestinyofMacaoiscloselylinkedwiththat of the mainland, and Macao will advance in tandem and make progress

togetherwiththemainlandintheirdevelopment.

(MainpointsofthetalkwithFernandoChuiSaiOn,chiefexecutiveoftheMSAR,December18,2013)

Notes

[1] “One country, two systems” is a scientific concept put forward by the CPC and the ChinesegovernmentforrealizingChina’sreunificationandsolvingtheTaiwan,HongKongandMacaoissues.Theframeworkof the concept is:Under the premise of national reunification, themainlandkeeps practicingsocialism,whileTaiwan,HongKongandMacaoretaintheiroriginalcapitalistsystemandwaysoflifeforalong timewhile enjoying a high degree of autonomy.China resumed sovereignty overHongKong andMacaoin1997and1999,respectively,inaccordancewiththisconcept.

CreateaBetterFuturefortheChineseNationHandinHand*

April8andOctober6,2013

*MainpointsoftalkswithVincentSiew,honorarychairmanoftheCross-StraitsCommonMarketFoundationofTaiwan,andhisdelegation.

I

TheChinesemainlandisstronginitsresolutionandclearinitspoliciesandprinciplesforpeacefuldevelopmentonbothsidesoftheTaiwanStraits.WewillmaintainthecontinuityofourfundamentalstrategytowardsTaiwan,continuetoimplement effective policies, and keepmoving our relations forward so as tobringbenefitstothepeopleonbothsides.TheChinesepeopleonbothsidesoftheTaiwanStraitsshouldstrengthensolidarityandcooperation,andjointlyworktowardsrealizingtheChineseDream,agreatrenewaloftheChinesenation.

Comprehensive,directandtwo-waylinks,namelythe“threedirectlinks”[1]have been realized between the mainland and Taiwan. The signing andimplementation of theEconomicCooperationFrameworkAgreement (ECFA),in particular, initiated a new stage for developing cross-Straits economicrelations.“Thosewhoareclearaboutthetrendofthetimeswillstandinthevan,and those who can take advantage of the trend of the times are bound tosucceed.”FortheChinesepeopleonbothsidesoftheStraits,itisimportanttobeawareofandseizetheopportunitieshistoryhasaffordedus,followthetrendofthetimes,workhandinhandtopromotepeacefulcross-Straitsrelations,andbringaboutabetterfuturefortheChinesenation.

First,we hope that cross-Straits economic cooperation can be boosted bythepeopleonbothsidesoftheStraitsthroughtheconceptof“onefamily.”Allofus,whetherfromthemainlandorTaiwan,aremembersoftheChinesenation,andbotheconomiesarethatoftheChinesenation.Givingmoreconsiderationtothe needs and interests of our Taiwan compatriots, we will offer the sametreatment to Taiwan enterprises as to mainland enterprises in the fields ofinvestment and economic cooperation sooner rather than later, and provide

greaterscopeforenhancingcross-Straitseconomiccooperation.

Second,we hope that both sideswill further pursue high-level economicdialoguesandcoordination,andraiseoureconomiccooperationtoanewlevel.It is essential to give better play to the role of the Economic CooperationCommittee(ECC)withintheECFA,enhancecommunicationonoursituations,policies and development plans, and strengthen foresight and coordination ineconomic cooperation. We must speed up the expansion of industrialcooperation, increase two-way investment, deepen cooperation in financialservicesandexplorenewwaysofcooperation.

Third,wehopethatbothsidescanacceleratethenegotiationofsubsequentagreementsfollowingthesigningoftheECFA,andimproveourrulesinrespectofeconomiccooperation.ThemainlandandTaiwanshouldsignaservicetradeagreement as soon as possible, and strive to complete consultations on suchtopics as cargo trade and dispute settlements by the end of the year. The twosides can discuss appropriate and workable measures to realize commoneconomic growth and link the processes of regional economic cooperation ofbothsides,whichwillinvigoratecross-Straitseconomiccooperation.

Fourth,wehopethatpeopleonbothsidesoftheTaiwanStraitswilljointlywork towards achieving the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Everyachievement made by the mainland or Taiwan can make all Chinese peopleproud. Our joint efforts for promoting peaceful cross-Straits relations arecontributionstowardsachievingthegreatrenewaloftheChinesenation.Wewillsurelyovercomealldifficultiesandremoveallbarriersonthewayaswemoveahead, and make new progress in the peaceful development of cross-StraitsrelationsaslongaswealwayskeeptheinterestsoftheentireChinesenationinmind.

(April8,2013)

II

Both sides of the Straits should keep to the correct path of peacefuldevelopmentofcross-Straitsrelations,advocatetheideathatweareonefamily,strengthenexchangesandcooperation,andtogetherpromotetherejuvenationoftheChinesenation.

We must cherish historic opportunities and maintain the positivemomentum of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations. The people onbothsidesoftheStraitslongforgreaterprogressintheirrelations,sobothsidesshould comply with the aspirations of the people, seize the opportunities andmakenewachievementsinsuchrelations.

We must increase political trust between the mainland and Taiwan, andreinforcethecommonpoliticalfoundationofthetwosides,whicharecriticalformaintainingthepeacefuldevelopmentofcross-Straitsrelations.Soonerorlaterwewill have to resolve the political disputes that have long existed in cross-Straits relations rather than leave them to later generations. We have statedseveraltimesthatwewouldliketoholdconsultationsonanequalfootingwithTaiwan on cross-Straits political issueswithin the framework of “oneChina,”and make fair and reasonable arrangements. The heads of responsibledepartments from both sides can meet and exchange views on mattersconcerningcross-Straitsrelations.

BotheconomiesarepartsoftheoveralleconomyoftheChinesenation.IntheneweraoftheAsiaPacificeconomicdevelopment,thetwosidescanbettermeetchallengesthroughenhancedcooperation.Wemustimprovethesystemsofcross-Straits economic cooperation while attaching more importance topromotingindustrialcooperation.

(October6,2013)

Notes

[1]The“threedirect links”aredirect links inpostalmatters, transportationand tradebetween theChinesemainlandandTaiwan.

HandleCross-StraitsRelationsintheOverallInterestsoftheChineseNation*

June13,2013

*MainpointsofthetalkwithWuPo-hsiung,honorarychairmanoftheKuomintangofChina,andhisdelegation.

Overthepastfiveyears,thankstotheconcertedeffortsofthetwoparties,twosidesandpeople frombothsidesof theTaiwanStraits,wehaveopenedaright path andmade important progress in the peaceful development of cross-Straitsrelations.Underthenewcircumstances,theCPCCentralCommitteewillcontinuetofollowitsestablishedpoliciesandcommititselftoconsolidatingandpushingforwardthetrendofpeacefuldevelopmentofcross-Straitsrelationsandbringingbenefits to thepeopleand theChinesenationasawhole. Ihopebothparties and both sides will continue to enhance mutual trust, maintainconstructiveinteractionandsteadilypromotethecomprehensivedevelopmentofcross-Straits relations, strengthen the foundations for peaceful development,unitewithallthepeopleonthetwosidesoftheStraitsandworkcollaborativelytowardsthegreatrenewaloftheChinesenation.

Atpresent,cross-Straitsrelationsareatanewstartingpoint,andweareallfacingimportantopportunities.Weshouldcarefullysumupourexperience,haveaclearunderstandingofthechangingsituationandmakeresponsesaccordingly,resolutely follow the path of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations,consolidate and further develop our political, economic, cultural and socialfoundations,andbringaboutfreshachievementsincross-Straitsrelations.

First,wemustfirmlyhandlecross-StraitsrelationsintheoverallinterestsoftheChinesenation.Wearecommittedtosafeguardingthefundamentalinterestsof the Chinese nation and the common interests of all sons and daughters ofChina, including ourTaiwan compatriots. In addressing the general picture ofcross-Straits relations in the overall interests of the Chinese nation, the mostimportantandmostfundamentalthingtodoistomaintainChina’ssovereigntyand territorial integrity. Although the mainland and Taiwan are yet to be

reunited,theybelongtooneandsameChina,whichisanindivisiblewhole.TheKuomintangandtheCPChaveeveryreasontoupholdtheone-Chinastanceandwork together tomaintain the one-China framework. I hope both partieswill,displaying a responsible attitude for history and the people, put the overallinterestsoftheChinesenationaboveallelse,keepinmindtheoverallpictureofthe peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and move those relationssteadilyforwardintherightdirection.

Second, we must handle cross-Straits relations on the basis of a clearunderstandingof the trendofhistory.Thegreat renewalof theChinesenationhasneverbeencloserthankstothetirelesseffortsofallthesonsanddaughtersofChina.WeshouldviewfromthehighgroundthegreattrendofhistorywithchangingtimesandtheriseoftheChinesenation,andrealizethatthepeacefuldevelopment of cross-Straits relations has become part and parcel of China’sgreat renewal.We should break away from outdated perceptions, and identifythis renewal as the common goal. This has become a prevailing trend ofdevelopmentincross-Straitsrelations.Weshoulddetermineourownroadmapforcontinuedprogressinaccordancewiththis.Bothpartiesshouldtakenationalrenewaland thepeople’swell-beingas theirboundenduty,promoteunityandcooperation among compatriots as belonging to the same family, pool thewisdomandstrengthoftheChinesepeopleonbothsidesoftheStraits,andworktohealthehistoricaltraumathroughworkingtogethertowardsnationalrenewal,thuswritingashiningpageinChina’sjourneytowardsprosperity.

Third,wemuststrengthenmutual trustandconstructive interactions,seekcommongroundwhilereservingdifferences,anddevoteourselvestopragmaticprogress.Thekey to increasingmutual trust lies inreachingaclearercommonunderstanding of an identical stance on the principal issue of upholding andconsolidating the one-China framework. Constructive interactions meanenhanced communication, consultations on an equal basis,meeting each otherhalfway,mutual release of goodwill, efforts to cherish the hard-won peacefuldevelopmentofcross-Straitsrelations,andthesolvingofoutstandingproblemsin a fair and reasonable way. Seeking common ground while reservingdifferences demands that both sides give full play to their political wisdom,reachandexpandaconsensusforenhancingcross-Straitsrelations,andproperlyhandle and control their differences in the spirit of sharing and mutualassistance,aspassengersinthesameboat.Pragmaticprogressrequiresthatthe

two sides adopt a down-to-earth approach, proceed from reality and go forsteadyand incrementalprogress,nevershrinkingfromdifficulties,neverbeingthrown off balance by interruptions, and being on guard against retrogression.As cross-Straits relations have entered a new phase of consolidation anddeepening, it isall themorenecessaryfor the twosides tokeepapositiveandenterprisingspirit,andtofaceandovercomedifficultiesontheroadtoprogresswithgreatercourageanddetermination.Ihopethetwosideswillworktogethertomake even greater achievements in cross-Straits relations, while expandingsteadilythescopeofpeacefuldevelopmentofsuchrelations.

Fourth,wemustfirmlypromotethecomprehensivedevelopmentofcross-Straits relations.Above all,wemustwork hard to keep cross-Straits relationsstable.Forcesandactivities for“Taiwan independence”remaina real threat tothepeaceoftheTaiwanStraits.Itisthereforeincumbentuponustoopposeandcontain any rhetoric or move for “Taiwan independence” without anycompromise.OnthebasisofoverallstabilityintheStraits,therecanbeabroadscope for cross-Straits exchanges and cooperation in various fields. The twosides should take more positive steps to stimulate their economic, scientific,technological, cultural and educational cooperation, provide greater policysupport,andofferstillmoreconvenientfacilities,soastoexpandthescopeandtexture of cooperation, and thereby generate even greater benefits. We mustendeavortoenhancethewell-beingofthepeopleonbothsidesoftheStraits.Allof them are entitled to the fruits of the peaceful development of cross-Straitsrelations.Weshouldhelpthem,whileworkingtoexpandtheircommoninterestsand promoting Chinese culture, cultivate a deeper sense of cross-Straitscommunityofcommondestiny,strengthentheirnationalprideandreaffirmtheircommoncommitmenttoChina’srejuvenation.

TogetherFulfilltheChineseDreamofNationalRejuvenation*

February18,2014

*SpeechdeliveredwhenreceivingLienChan,honorarychairmanoftheKuomintangofChina,andhisdelegation.

DistinguishedHonoraryChairmanLienChanandMadameLien,

DearfriendsfromallwalksoflifeinTaiwan,

Goodafternoon!Iamdelighted tomeetChairmanLienandotherfriends,oldandnew,rightaftertheSpringFestival.YouarethefirstTaiwaneseguestsIhavemetsincethebeginningof thisyear, theYearof theHorse.Firstofall, Iwould like to extendmywarmwelcome to you. Iwish you all a happyNewYearandeverysuccess!

ChairmanLienandIhavemetseveral times,andweareoldfriendsnow.He has deep feelings for our motherland, and has long been an advocate ofcross-Straits relations and has done a great deal for the rejuvenation of theChinesenation.Igreatlyappreciatehisdedication.

A whole year’s work depends on a good start in the spring. Last year,ChairmanLienandotherfriendsalsopaidusavisitatthebeginningofspring,setting a favorable course for the development of cross-Straits relations in theyear.Progressinourrelationshiphasbeenofgreatbenefittothepeopleofbothsides,aswellasofferingfurtherpotentialfordevelopment.Thisyear,wehopethatbothsidescanworktogetheronthebasisthatweareonefamily,seizeeveryopportunity that presents itself, and make a concerted effort to make furtherprogress in thepeacefuldevelopmentof cross-Straits relations andbringmorebenefitstothepeopleonbothsidesoftheTaiwanStraits.

Thankyou,ChairmanLien,forthegoodpointsyouhavejustraisedonthesubject of cross-Straits relations, which are very enlightening tome. You arerepresentativesofallcirclesinTaiwan;andIwouldliketohaveaheart-to-heart

talkwithyou.

Duetohistoryandpresentcircumstances,therearemanythornyproblemsforthemomentbetweenourtwosides,butthiswillpass,forwearebothdoingour best to solve them, and to ensure that they do not adversely affect ourrelationship,ourcooperation,orourexchanges.Meanwhile,thepeopleonbothsides of the Straits are one family with shared blood, culture, bonds, andaspirations, allofwhich serveasan important force forpromotingourmutualunderstandingandcommonprogress.

First,weareonefamily,andnoonecanevercuttheveinsthatconnectus.Iamimpressedbyourcompatriots inTaiwanfor theirworshipof theancestors,their love for the homeland, and their honesty, frankness, diligence and hardwork.Theclosenessbetweenusisrootedinourblood,ourhistoryandculture.WeallbelievethatChineseonbothsidesoftheTaiwanStraitsaremembersofoneChinesenation,andweall inheritandpassonChineseculture.Duringthe50yearswhenTaiwanwasoccupiedby the Japaneseaggressors,[1] our fellowTaiwanese maintained a strong sense of national consciousness and deepfeelingsforChineseculture,regardingthemselvesfirstandforemostasmembersoftheChinesenation.Suchconsciousnessandfeelingsareinherentandnatural,andcanneverbeerased.

LookingbackonthehistoryofTaiwanandthatofcross-Straitsrelations,Ihave come to a clear understanding that no matter what trials and hardshipsTaiwanhasexperienced,andnomatterwhatvicissitudescross-Straitsrelationshavebeenthrough,theheartsofthepeopleonbothsidesoftheStraitsremaininaccordwitheachother,and thepeopleonbothsidesalwaysshowconcern forand help each other. It is a simple truth that blood is thicker than water. AllTaiwaneseareourkinsmen,includingthedescendantsofthosewhocrossedthedangerous“BlackDitch”[2]hundredsofyearsagotoseekanewlifeinTaiwan,and those whomigrated to Taiwan a few decades ago.We share origins andancestors, andwe are one close family. To strengthen these ties has been ourcommonaspiration,andnoforceonearthcanseverthebondbetweenus.

Second,peopleonbothsidesoftheStraitssharethesamedestiny,andthereis no knot that cannot be unraveled. Despite the Straits that separate usgeographically, we share the same destiny. A great Chinese nation will be ablessingforallChinese,whileaweakanddividedonewillbedisastrous.After

experiencing so many twists and turns in modern times, we all have a deepunderstandingofthis.

A hundred and twenty years ago China was a weak country, and theJapanese aggressors took advantage of this to occupy Taiwan. This was atraumaticexperience forallChinesepeopleonbothsidesof theStraits. In thebitteryearswhenTaiwanwasunderJapaneseoccupation,countlessTaiwanesecompatriotsshedtheirblood,andmanylaiddowntheirlives,provingtheywereinseparablemembers of the extended family of the Chinese nation. Formorethansixdecadesnow,althoughthetwosideshaveyettobereunited,webelongtoonecountryandthesamenation–afactthathasneverchanged,norwilleverchangeinthefuture.ThebloodoftheChinesenationflowsineveryoneofus,andoursisforeverthesouloftheChinesenation.

Due to their historical suffering and the distinct social environment inwhichtheyhavelived,thepeopleofTaiwanhavetheirownmindset.Theybearparticularhistoricalscars,theyareeagertobemastersoftheirowndestiny,theycherishtheirestablishedsocialsystemsandwayoflife,andtheywishtoliveastableandhappy life.Puttingourselves in theirplace,wecanfullyunderstandtheirfeelings.

We identify with our compatriots in Taiwan in terms of their historicaltrauma,foritisasharedtraumaofallsonsanddaughtersoftheChinesenation.Withtheadventofthenewera,ithasbecomeacommongoalcherishedbyeachone of us on both sides of the Straits to become a dignified Chinese and ahelmsmanofhisowndestiny.

Family affectionheals trauma, and sincerity leads to realistic solutions toproblems.We have no lack of patience, and have confidence aplenty. Familyaffection cannot only heal wounds, relieve pain, and unlock hearts, but helpachievemutualaffinity.Werespectthesocialsystemandthewayoflifechosenby the people of Taiwan, and would also like them to be first in sharing theopportunities brought by themainland’s development.None of us can chooseourhistory,butwecanallseizethemomentandcreateabetterfuture.

Third, the people on both sides of the Straits should join our efforts inpromotingpeacefulcross-Straitsrelations.Overthepastfiveyearsormore,wehavetogetherchosenthepathofpeacefuldevelopmentincross-Straitsrelations.

Asa resultwehavebrokennewground, to thebenefitofall concerned.Factshaveprovedthatthisistherightpath,leadingtopeace,commondevelopment,national rejuvenation and mutual benefit. The two sides should eliminate allobstacles, and advance along this path firmly, step by step, and with fullconfidence.

Thecurrentpeacefuldevelopmentofcross-Straitsrelationsisbeneficialtobothsides,andnoonewantstoreversesuchafavorabletrend.Forthisreason,the twosidesmustconsolidateandhold fast toourcommonfoundationof the“1992Consensus”[3]andouroppositionto“Taiwanindependence,”andbefullyaware of the importance of maintaining the one-China framework. Such afoundation is the anchor for cross-Straits relations.Onlywhenourvessel is atanchorwillwebeable to“sit tighton the fishingboatdespite the risingwindandsurgingwaves.”Aslongasasolidfoundationismaintained, theprospectsfor cross-Straits relations will continue to grow brighter. If the foundation isjeopardized, the relations will go back to turbulence and instability. Onlyrecently,aconsensuswas reachedatameetingof theheadsofdepartments incharge of cross-Straits affairs from both sides which is conducive to the all-rounddevelopmentofcross-Straitsrelations.

As far as any significant political differences between the mainland andTaiwanareconcerned,wearewilling toconductconsultationswith thepeopleof Taiwan, based on equality within the one-China framework, and come toreasonable arrangements. We are ready to communicate with the people ofTaiwanonanyandeverysubject.Noteveryproblemhasanidealsolution,butwhere there iscommunication, there ishope,and,asasayinggoes,“Faithcanmovemountains.”IbelievethatthepeopleofChinaonbothsidesoftheStraitshavethewisdomtofindtherightapproachtotheproblemsbetweenus.

“Wheneverybodyaddswood to the fire, the flames risehigh.”We invitemore of our compatriots in Taiwan to work together with us. Let us make aconcerted effort,work out effectivemethods, and pool all of ourwisdom andstrength so as to consolidate and expand the peaceful development of cross-Straitsrelations,transformthisgoalintoanirresistiblehistorictrend,andbringthe benefits to the general public in Taiwan, and in particular to those at thegrassroots.Wewillwelcome people fromTaiwan and treat them equally andwithout discrimination, regardless of whatever stance they might previously

havetaken,toboostthepeacefuldevelopmentofcross-Straitsrelations.

Fourth,thepeopleofthetwosidesshouldworkhandinhandtowardstheChineseDream, the rejuvenation of theChinese nation. Thesewere the long-cherished wishes of Dr Sun Yat-sen[4]: to achieve the rejuvenation of theChinesenation, to realize thegreatnessandprosperityofChina, and toensurethe happiness of theChinese people.These have also been the long-cherishedwishes of all CPC members and all the Chinese people since the advent ofmoderntimes.TheChineseDreamisavividexpressionofthiswish.

Just as Chairman Lien has said, the Chinese Dream is closely related toTaiwan’sfuture.ItisadreamsharedbybothsidesoftheStraitsthatcanonlyberealizedthroughjointeffort.Asasayinggoes,“Ifbrothersareofthesamemind,their edge can cut through metal.”[5] The people of both sides of the Straits,regardless of their parties, social strata, religions, or localities, should supporteachotherinachievingnationalrejuvenationandtheChineseDreamasquicklyaspossible.

We treat thepeopleofTaiwan inall sincerity,andweareopen toadvicefromallsides.Wewilldoourbesttodealproperlywithanymatterconcerningthewell-beingofourcompatriotsinTaiwan,thepeacefuldevelopmentofcross-Straitsrelations,andtheoverallinterestsoftheChinesenation.WewilldoourbesttoensurethatthepeopleofTaiwanbenefitfromthepeacefuldevelopmentofcross-Straitsrelations,andtoensurethatallChinesepeopleliveabetterlife.

Enjoyyourstayhere!Thankyou!

Notes

[1] In 1895,Chinawas defeated in the Sino-JapaneseWar, andwas forced to sign the Treaty ofShimonoseki,cedingtoJapanTaiwanandthePenghuIslands,whichwerereturnedtoChinaafterJapan’sunconditionalsurrenderin1945attheendofWorldWarII.

[2]ThisreferstotheTaiwanStraits.EarlyimmigrantstoTaiwanfromthemainlandofChinamostlychosetocrosstheStraitsviathePenghuwaterarea,whereseacurrentswereswiftandshipwrecksfrequent.Sincetheseawaterlookeddark,andthejourneywasperilous,theimmigrantscalledthisareathe“BlackDitch.”

[3]The“1992Consensus”referstoanoralagreementreachedataNovember1992meetingbetweentheAssociation forRelationsAcross theTaiwanStraits (ARATS)basedon themainlandand theStraits

Exchange Foundation (SEF) based in Taiwan. The meeting discussed how to express the one-Chinaprinciple in negotiations on general affairs, and agreed that both sides would follow the one-Chinaprinciple,eachwithitsrespectiveinterpretation.

[4]SunYat-sen(1866-1925),alsoknownasSunWenandSunZhongshan,wasreveredasagreatnationalhero,apatriot,andaforerunneroftheChinesedemocraticrevolution,andputforwardthepoliticalphilosophy known as the “Three Principles of the People” – nationalism, democracy and the people’slivelihood.HewasthefirsttocallfortherevivaloftheChinesenation,andunderhisleadership,theruleofabsolutemonarchythathadlastedforthousandsofyearsinChinawasfinallyendedbytheRevolutionof1911.Later,withthehelpoftheCPC,theCommunistPartyoftheSovietUnionandVladimirLenin,SunYat-senreorganizedtheKuomintang,adoptedthe“NewThreePrinciplesofthePeople”–whichconsistedof “alliancewith the Soviets, alliancewith the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers andworkers”–establishedcooperationbetweentheKuomintangandtheCommunists,andadvancedtheanti-imperialistandanti-feudaldemocraticrevolutioninChina.

[5]TheBookofChanges(ZhouYi),alsoknownasIChing.

TakeontheTaskofExpandingCross-StraitsRelationsandAchievingNationalRejuvenation*

May7,2014

*MainpointsofthetalkwithJamesSoongChu-yu,chairmanofTaiwan’sPeopleFirstParty,andhisdelegation.

Thepeacefuldevelopmentofcross-Straitsrelationsisachoicemadebythepeople on both sides of the Taiwan Straits in accordance with the historicaltrend.As longaswestick to the idea thatweareone family,putourselves ineach other’s shoes and treat one another with all sincerity, there are no hardfeelingswhichcannotberemovedandnodifficultieswhichcannotbeovercomebetweenus.

Theoverallsituationofthepeacefuldevelopmentofcross-Straitsrelationsisstableandcanstandthetestofanystorm.Ingeneral,ourrelationshavebeenimprovingoverthedecades,whichisareflectionofthetrendofhistory,despitetheoccasionalupsanddowns.Peacefuldevelopmentis thecommonaspirationofthepeopleonbothsidesoftheStraits,anditbringsbenefitstobothsides.Wewill not change our policies or measures for promoting peaceful cross-Straitsrelations,abandonthepragmaticmeasuresofpromotingcross-Straitsexchanges,cooperationandmutuallybeneficialresults,dampenourenthusiasmforunitingwithourTaiwancompatriotsinmakingprogress,orwaverinouroppositiontoany scheme of “Taiwan independence.” We sincerely hope that our Taiwancompatriots can enjoy a peaceful and happy life in a stable society withsustainableeconomicgrowthandimprovedwell-being.

Developingpeacefulcross-Straitsrelationsisalong-termandarduoustaskthat calls for deepermutual trust between the two sides.Mutual trust leads tosolutions to many difficult problems. We must create the conditions forexpandingcontactsinvariousfieldsamongpeoplefromallwalksoflifeonbothsides of the Straits, increase face-to-face and heart-to-heart communication,enhancemutualunderstandingandclosethepsychologicalgapbetweenthetwosides.

Theprospectsforpeacefuldevelopmentofcross-Straitsrelationsarebroadandpromising,andcontinuouseffortsneedtobemadetoexpandthem.Bringingthe comprehensive reform to a higher level and opening wider to the outsideworldby themainlandwill give a strongmomentumand favorable conditionsfor cross-Straits economic cooperation. Economic integration is conducive tomutual benefits, so it should not be disturbed at any time or in anycircumstances.Wewill try togainan in-depthknowledgeof the realneedsofordinary, especially grassroots,Taiwanpeople, and take positive and effectivemeasurestotakecareofdisadvantagedgroups,sothatmoreTaiwancompatriotscanbenefitfromcross-Straitseconomicexchangesandcooperation.

The younger generation is entrusted with the future of cross-Straitsrelations.Wemustworkoutmoremeasuresandcreatemoreopportunities forthemsothattheycanhavemorecontactsandcommunication,perceivethetrendofpeacefuldevelopmentofcross-Straitsrelationsandthatofthegreatrenewalof the Chinese nation, so as to enable them to assume the responsibilities ofexpandingcross-Straitsrelationsandachievingtherejuvenationof theChinesenationinthefuture.

Wehopethat thePeopleFirstPartywilladhere to the“oneChina”stand,continue its opposition to any scheme of “Taiwan independence,” firmlymaintaintheoverallsituationofpeacefuldevelopmentofcross-Straitsrelations,and promote the overall interests of the Chinese nation together with peoplefromallwalksoflifeinTaiwan.

PeacefulDevelopment

StrengthentheFoundationforPursuingPeacefulDevelopment*

January28,2013

*MainpointsofthespeechatthethirdgroupstudysessionofthePoliticalBureauofthe18thCPCCentralCommitteewhichXipresidedover.

Topursuepeacefuldevelopmentinkeepingwiththedevelopmenttrendofthe times andChina’s fundamental interests is a strategic choicemade by ourParty.Weshould,under theguidanceofDengXiaopingTheory, theimportantthought of the Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development,enhance our strategic thinking and confidence, and better balance China’soverall domestic and international interests. We should pursue mutuallybeneficial development featuring openness and cooperation, developChina bysecuringapeacefulinternationalenvironmentand,atthesametime,upholdandpromote world peace through our own development.We should continuouslyimproveChina’soverallnational strength,make sure that thepeople share thebenefits of peaceful development, and consolidate the material and socialfoundationsforpursuingpeacefuldevelopment.

TheChinesenationlovespeace.ToabolishwarandachievepeacehasbeenthemostpressingandprofoundaspirationoftheChinesepeoplesincetheadventof modern times. Pursuing peaceful development is what the fine traditionalChineseculturecallsfor,anditisanaturalchoicemadebytheChinesepeoplewho have suffered so much in modern times. With the agonizing sufferingsinflictedbywaretchedinourmemory,weChinesecherishpeaceandstability.Whatweabhoristurbulence,whatwewantisstabilityandwhatwehopetoseeisworldpeace.

Our pursuit of peaceful development was not an easy-going process.Rather, thispursuitwasmadepossible thanks to theCPC’sarduousquest andendeavors since the founding of the PRC in 1949 and, in particular, to theintroduction of the reform and opening-up initiative in 1978. Our Party hasalwaysupheldpeaceandneverwaveredinthiscommitment.Overtheyears,wehave put forward and adhered to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence,

andadoptedandfollowedanindependentforeignpolicyofpeace.Andwehavemadeasolemnpledgetothewholeworldthatwewillneverseekhegemonyorcommitanyactofexpansion,andthatChinaisandwillremainastaunchforceforupholdingworldpeace.Weremaintruetothesecommitmentsandweremainfirminhonoringthem.

The CPC put forward at its 18th National Congress the Two CentenaryGoals.WehavealsoputforwardthegoalofachievingtheChineseDream–therejuvenationof theChinesenation.To realize thesegoals,weneedapeacefulinternationalenvironment.NeitherChinanor therestof theworldcandevelopwithoutpeace,norcantheyenjoylastingpeacewithoutdevelopment.Wemustseize the opportunity and run our own affairswell so as tomake our countrystrongerandmoreprosperous,andourpeopleleadabetterlife.Thiswillenableustopursuepeacefuldevelopmentbyrelyingonourgrowingstrength.

“The tide of history is mighty. Those who follow it will prosper, whilethosewhoresistitwillperish.”Lookingbackonhistory,wecanseethatthosewholaunchedaggressionorsoughtexpansionbyforceallendedinfailure.Thisis a law of history. A prosperous and stable world provides China withopportunities,andChina’sdevelopmentalsooffersanopportunityfortheworldasawhole.WhetherwewillsucceedinourpursuitofpeacefuldevelopmenttoalargeextenthingesonwhetherwecanturnopportunitiesintherestoftheworldintoChina’sopportunitiesandChina’sopportunitiesintothosefortherestoftheworld so thatChina and other countries can engage in sound interactions andmake mutually beneficial progress. We must act in keeping with China’snational conditions and stick to our own path. At the same time, we shouldacquire a global vision. In this way, we can both promote China’s domesticdevelopmentandopenthecountrywidertotheoutsideworldandadvancebothChina’sdevelopmentand thedevelopmentof theworldasawhole,aswellastheinterestsofboththeChinesepeopleandotherpeoples.Inthisway,wecancontinuously expand mutually beneficial cooperation with other countries, beactivelyinvolvedininternationalaffairs,addressglobalchallengestogetherwithothercountries,andcontributeoursharetoglobaldevelopment.

While pursuing peaceful development, we will never sacrifice ourlegitimate rights and interests or China’s core interests. No foreign countryshould expect China to trade off its core interests or swallow bitter fruit thatundermines China’s sovereignty, security or development interests. China is

pursuingpeacefuldevelopment,andsoareothercountries.Thisisthesurewayfor all the countries in the world to seek common development and peacefulcoexistence. We should let the world learn more about China’s strategy ofpursuing peaceful development and let the international community viewChina’s development for what it is and treat it accordingly. China will neverseekdevelopmentattheexpenseofanyothercountry’sinterests,norwillitshiftits problems onto others. We will actively pursue peaceful and commondevelopment, uphold the multilateral trading system and participate in globaleconomicgovernance.

WorkTogetherforMutuallyBeneficialCooperation*

*centet*June19,2013andMay19,2014

*MainpointsoftalkswithBanKi-moon,secretary-generaloftheUN.

I

Aswell as itsmany importantmissions, theUnitedNations (UN) carriesthe expectations of the peoples of all countries. The world is undergoingdramatic and complex changes, and it requires the joint efforts of all UNmemberstatestoaddressglobalissuesandchallenges.TheUNshouldgraspthethemeofpeaceanddevelopment,upholdfairnessandjustice,andspeakandactjustly.The timeof thezero-summentality ispast, soweshouldwork togetherformutuallybeneficialcooperationinstead.TheUNshouldcontributetothis.

China has set forth theTwoCentenaryGoals as a grand blueprint for itsfuturedevelopment.ChinaneedstheUNandtheUNneedsChina.ChinavaluestheUNandwillsupportit.

China’spermanentmembershipoftheUNSecurityCouncilentailsnotonlypowerbutalsoresponsibilitythatitisreadytoshoulder.ChinawillcontinuetoworkforthepeacefulresolutionofinternationaldisputesandsupporttheUNinachievingitsMillenniumDevelopmentGoals.Chinaiswillingtoworkwithallparties inaddressingclimatechangeandotherproblems,andtodowhatever itcanforworldpeaceandhumanprogress.

(June19,2013)

II

Theyear2015willmarkthe70thanniversaryofvictoryintheWorldAnti-Fascist War (1941-1945) and the victory of the Chinese People’s War ofResistance Against Japanese Aggression[1] (1937-1945). It will also mark the70thanniversaryofthefoundingoftheUN.Theworldcommunityshouldavail

itselfofthisimportantopportunitytoreiterateitscommitmenttomultilateralism,safeguard the principles set forth in the UN Charter and commit itself tostrengtheningtheroleoftheUN.

The world community should make concerted efforts to promote worldpeaceanddevelopment.

First, seekingpoliticalsolutions is therightpath toaddress theseeminglyendless sequence of international flashpoints. “Just when you press the gourdinto the water, there floats the gourd ladle.”[2] These issues must be tackledproperly and reasonably. Exerting pressure won’t work, and external militaryintervention will make things worse. Both the UN and the rest of theinternationalcommunityshouldadheretopoliticalsolutionstoallconflicts.

Second, the world community should adhere to the goal of commondevelopment.TheUNshouldplayitspoliticalandcoordinatingrole,andexploititsmoraladvantage.Itshouldformulateitspost-2015DevelopmentAgendawithpovertyalleviationatitscoretoachievesustainablegrowth.ChinawisheseverysuccessfortheUNClimateSummitinSeptember.

Third,theUNshouldplayaleadingroleininternationalaffairs.Regardingthefightagainstterrorism,theUNshouldplayabiggerrolebypromotingclear-cutcriteriaofrightandwrongsoastoadvancethefightagainstterrorismofallforms. It should also serve as the main channel in protecting cyber security,advocaterules,sovereigntyandtransparencyinthisregard,respecttheconcernsof different countries over information safety, and achieve commonmanagement.ChinawillcontinuetofirmlysupporttheUN.

(May19,2014)

Notes

[1]AtraditionalChinesesayingthatmeans“tacklingoneproblemonlytofindanotheremerging.”–Tr.

[2]TheWarofResistanceAgainstJapaneseAggressionreferstoawarofnationalliberationagainstJapanese invasion from July 1937 to September 1945. Itwas an important part ofWorldWar II.Afterarduous and prolonged battles, the Chinese people finally defeated the Japanese aggressors with greatsacrifice.ThewarwasthefirstcompletevictoryachievedbytheChinesepeopleagainstforeignaggression

sincetheadventofmoderntimes.ItwasalsoagreatcontributiontothevictoryoftheWorldAnti-FascistWar.

FollowaSensible,CoordinatedandBalancedApproachtoNuclearSecurity*

March24,2014

*SpeechattheNuclearSecuritySummitinTheHague,theNetherlands.

YourExcellencyPrimeMinisterMarkRutte,

Dearcolleagues,

Today,wearemeetinghereatTheHague foran importantdiscussiononwaystoenhancenuclearsecurity.Firstofall,Iwishtoexpressheartfeltthanksto PrimeMinister Rutte and the Dutch government for the active efforts andconsideratearrangementstheyhavemadeforthissummit.

During the 20th century, the discovery of the atom and the subsequentdevelopmentandutilizationofnuclearenergygavenewimpetustotheprogressofhumanityandgreatlyenhancedourabilitytounderstandandshapetheworld.Yet thedevelopmentofnuclearenergyhas itsassociated risksandchallenges.To make better use of nuclear energy and achieve greater progress, mankindmust be able to respond to various nuclear security challenges and ensure thesafetyofnuclearmaterialsandfacilities.

Dearcolleagues,

Enhancing nuclear security is a never-ending process. As long as wecontinue to tap nuclear energy, we must maintain our efforts in enhancingnuclear security. FromWashingtonDC in 2010 to Seoul in 2012 and to TheHaguetoday,theNuclearSecuritySummit(NSS)hasthegreatresponsibilityofbuilding international consensus in this regard and deepening nuclear securityefforts.Wemusttakeasensible,coordinatedandbalancedapproachtonuclearsecurityandkeepitonthetrackofsoundandsustainabledevelopment.

First, we should place equal emphasis on development and security, and

developnuclearenergyonthepremiseofsecurity.Thepeacefuluseofnuclearenergy is important for ensuring energy security and tackling climate change.LikePrometheuswhogavefiretohumanity,thepeacefuluseofnuclearenergyhas sparked a flame of hope and opened up a bright future formankind. Butwithouteffectivesafeguardsfornuclearsafetyandwithoutanadequateresponseto the potential security risks of nuclearmaterials and facilities, such a brightfuture will be overshadowed by dark clouds or even by nuclear disaster.Therefore, we must strictly abide by the principle of making safety the toppriority if we are to keep the flame of hope for nuclear energy developmentburning.

We must follow the approach of enhancing security for the sake ofdevelopment andpromotingdevelopmentbyupholding security, andbring thegoals of development and security in alignment with each other. We mustconvince the governments and nuclear power companies of all countries thatdevelopingnuclearenergyattheexpenseofsecuritycanneitherbesustainablenorbringrealdevelopment.Onlybyadoptingcrediblestepsandsafeguardscanwekeeprisksundereffectivecontrolanddevelopnuclearenergyinasustainableway.

Second, we should place equal emphasis on rights and obligations, andpushforwardtheinternationalnuclearsecurityprocessonthebasisofrespectingthe rights and interests of all countries.Nothing can be accomplishedwithoutnorms and standards. All countries should earnestly fulfill their obligationsunder international legal instruments relating to nuclear security, fullyimplement the relevant UN Security Council resolutions, consolidate andstrengthentheexistinglegalframeworkgoverningnuclearsecurity,andprovideinstitutionalsupportanduniversallyacceptedguidelinesforinternationaleffortsto enhance nuclear security. China hopes that more countries will considerratifyingtheConventiononthePhysicalProtectionofNuclearMaterialanditsamendment, and the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts ofNuclearTerrorism.

Countries differ in national conditions and in the status of their nuclearpowerdevelopment,andthenuclearsecuritychallengestheyfacealsovaryfromone to another.As the saying goes, you need different keys to open differentlocks.While stressing the importance of countries honoring their internationalobligations,weshouldrespect theirright toadoptnuclearsecuritypoliciesand

measuresbestsuitedtotheirspecificconditionsaswellastheirrighttoprotectsensitive nuclear security information.We should adopt a fair and pragmaticattitude,andadvance the internationalnuclearsecurityprocess inanactiveyetprudentmanner.

Third, we should place equal emphasis on independent and collaborativeefforts, and seek universal nuclear security through mutually beneficialcooperation. Nuclear security is first and foremost a national goal, and theprimary responsibility must be borne by national governments. They mustunderstand and fulfill their responsibilities, develop a stronger awareness ofnuclear security, foster a nuclear security culture, strengthen institutions, andenhancetechnologicalcapacity.Thisistheresponsiblethingtodonotonlyfortheirownsakebutalsoforthegoodoftheworldasawhole.

Nuclearsecurityisalsoaglobalendeavor.Theamountofwaterabarrelcanhold is determined by its shortest stave. The loss of nuclear material in onecountrycanbeathreattothewholeworld.Aconcerted,globaleffortisthereforerequired to achieve universal nuclear security.Wemust bringmore countriesinto the international nuclear security process and try to turn it into a globalundertaking, so that all will contribute to and benefit from it. We shouldstrengthen exchanges to learn from each other and share experiences, andimprove coordination between the relevant multilateral mechanisms andinitiatives.Althoughthestartinglinemaybedifferentfordifferentcountries,weshouldmakesurethatnoonefallsbehindinthiscommonendeavor.

Fourth, we should place equal emphasis on treating symptoms andaddressingcauses,andadvancethenuclearsecurityendeavorinallrespectswiththe goal of removing the associated risks at the root. The issue of nuclearsecurityhasmanydimensions,fromexercisingsoundandeffectivemanagementtodevelopingadvancedandsecurenuclearenergy technologiesand todealingwithnuclearterrorismandnuclearproliferation.Toeliminatethepotentialrisksof nuclear security and nuclear proliferation in a direct and effectiveway,wemustimproverelevantpoliciesandmeasures,developmodern,low-risknuclearenergytechnologies,maintainbalancedsupplyanddemandofnuclearmaterials,strengthennon-proliferationeffortsandexportcontrol,andstepupinternationalcooperationagainstnuclearterrorism.

Butmoreimportantly,wemusttackletherootcauses.Weneedtofostera

peaceful and stable international environment, encourage harmonious andfriendly relations between countries, and conduct exchanges among differentcivilizations in anamicable andopen-mindedmanner.This is theonlyway totackle the root causes of nuclear terrorism and nuclear proliferation, and toachievelastingsecurityanddevelopmentofnuclearenergy.

Dearcolleagues,

Chinagives toppriority tonuclear security in thepeacefuluseofnuclearenergy, and manages nuclear materials and facilities according to the higheststandards.Chinahasmaintainedagoodrecordofnuclearsecurityinthepast50yearsandmore.

According to Dutch philosopher Erasmus, prevention is better than cure.Thehorrificnuclearaccidentsofthepastfewyearshaverungthealarmbellforall of us, and we must do whatever we can to prevent a recurrence of pasttragedies.

As a precautionary step, China has tightened nuclear security measuresacross the board.We havemade great efforts to improve our technology andemergency response, andconductedcomprehensive securitychecksonnuclearfacilitiesacrossthecountrytomakesurethatallnuclearmaterialsandfacilitiesare placed under effective safeguards. We have adopted and implemented amedium-andlong-termprogramonnuclearsecurityandimprovedtherelevantlegalframework,andweareintheprocessofdraftingnationalregulationswitha view to putting our nuclear security endeavors on an institutional and legalfooting.

China is activelypromoting international cooperationonnuclear security,beginning with the Center of Excellence on Nuclear Security, a joint projectbetweenChinaand theUnitedStates.Constructionof theCenter iswellunderway. It will contribute to technical exchanges and cooperation on nuclearsecurity in the region and beyond. China has also launched a number ofcooperationprojectswithRussiaandKazakhstantocombatillicittraffickingofnuclearmaterials.Chinasupportstheeffortstoreducetoaminimumtheuseofhighly-enriched uranium (HEU) when economically and technologicallyfeasible, and is helpingGhana convert anHEU-fueled research reactor to oneusing low-enrichment uranium within the IAEA framework. China has also

madecontributionstotheIAEANuclearSecurityFund,andhelpedenhancethenuclear security capability of Asia Pacific countries through hosting trainingsessionsandavarietyofotherways.

Dearcolleagues,

Wherelightinchesforward,darknessretreats.Themorewedotoenhancenuclear security, the feweropportunitieswewilloffer to terrorists.Toachievelastingnuclearsecurity,Chinawillcontinueitseffortsinthefollowingareas:

First, China will stay firmly committed to strengthening its own nuclearsecurity capability.We will continue to enhance the government’s regulatorycapacity,increaseinvestmentsinrelevanttechnologicaldevelopmentandhumanresources,andfosteranddevelopanuclearsecurityculture.

Second, China will stay firmly committed to building an internationalnuclear security system. We will work with other countries to build aninternationalnuclear security systemfeaturing fairnessandmutuallybeneficialcooperation, and encourage countries to share the fruits of thepeaceful useofnuclearenergy.

Third, China will stay firmly committed to supporting internationalcooperationonnuclearsecurity.Westandreadytosharetechnology,experience,resources and platforms to promote regional and international nuclear securitycooperation.Chinasupports the IAEA’s leading roleandencourages it tohelpdevelopingcountriesbuildtheirnuclearsecuritycapacity.Chinawillcontinuetotakeanactivepartinnuclearsecurityactivities,andinvitetheIAEAtoconductanInternationalPhysicalProtectionAdvisoryService.

Fourth,Chinawillstayfirmlycommittedtoupholdingregionalandglobalpeace and stability. We will continue to pursue peaceful development andmutually beneficial cooperation, handle differences and disputes throughequality-based dialogue and friendly consultations, and work with all othercountries to remove the root causes of nuclear terrorism and nuclearproliferation.

Dearcolleagues,

To strengthen nuclear security is our shared commitment and commonresponsibility.Letuswork togetherso that thepeopleof thewholeworldwillhavemoreconfidenceinlastingnuclearsecurityandthebenefitsnuclearenergybringsthem.

Thankyou!

ExchangesandMutualLearningMakeCivilizationsRicherandMoreColorful*

March27,2014

*PartofthespeechattheUNESCOHeadquarters.

Civilizations become richer and more colorful through exchanges andmutuallearning,whichformanimportantdriverforhumanprogressandglobalpeaceanddevelopment.

To promote exchanges andmutual learning among civilizationswemustadopt a correct approach with some important principles. They, in my view,containthefollowing:

First, civilizations come in different colors, and such diversity hasmadeexchangesandmutuallearningamongcivilizationsrelevantandvaluable.Justasthe sunlight has seven colors, our world is a place of dazzling colors. Acivilization is the collective memory of a country or a nation. Throughouthistory,mankindhascreatedanddevelopedmanycolorfulcivilizations,fromtheearliestdaysofprimitivehuntingtotheperiodofagriculture,andfromboomingindustrial revolution to the information society. Together, they present amagnificentgeneticmapoftheexcitingmarchofhumancivilizations.

“Asingle flowerdoesnotmakespring,whileonehundredflowers in fullblossombringspringtothegarden.”Iftherewereonlyonekindofflowerintheworld,peoplewouldfinditboringnomatterhowbeautifulitwas.BeitChinesecivilization or other civilizations in the world, they are all fruits of humanprogress.

I have visited the LouvreMuseum in France and the PalaceMuseum inChina,bothofwhichhousemillionsofarttreasures.Theyareattractivebecausetheypresenttherichnessofdiversecivilizations.Exchangesandmutuallearningamongcivilizationsmustnotbebuiltontheexclusivepraiseorbelittlingofoneparticular civilization. As early as over 2,000 years ago, the Chinese people

came to recognize that “it is natural for things to be different.”[1] Greaterexchangesandmutuallearningamongcivilizationscanfurtherenrichthecolorsofvariouscivilizationsand thecultural lifeofpeopleandopenupstillgreateralternativesinthefuture.

Second,civilizationsareequal,andsuchequalityhasmadeexchangesandmutual learningamongcivilizationspossible.Allhumancivilizationsareequalin value, and they all have their respective strengths and weaknesses. Nocivilization is perfect on the planet. Nor is it devoid of merit. No singlecivilizationcanbejudgedsuperiortoanother.

Ihavevisitedmanyplacesintheworld.Whatinterestedmemostduringthetripswas to learn about differing civilizations across the five continents,whatmakesthemdifferentandunique,howtheirpeoplethinkabouttheworldandlifeandwhat theyholddear. IhavevisitedChichenItza,awindowon theancientMaya civilization, and the Central Asian city of Samarkand, an icon of theancient Islamic civilization. It ismy keenly felt conviction that an attitude ofequality and modesty is required if one wants to truly understand variouscivilizations.Takingacondescendingattitudetowardsacivilizationcannothelpanyonetoappreciateitsessence,andmayriskantagonizingit.Bothhistoryandrealityshowthatprideandprejudicearethebiggestobstaclestoexchangesandmutuallearningamongcivilizations.

Third, civilizations are inclusive, and such inclusiveness has givenexchanges and mutual learning among civilizations the impetus to moveforward. The ocean is vast because it refuses no rivers. All civilizations arecrystallizationsofmankind’sdiligenceandwisdom.Everycivilizationisunique.Copyingothercivilizationsblindlyormechanicallyislikecuttingone’stoestofit one’s shoes – impossible and highly detrimental. All achievements ofcivilizationsdeserveourrespectandmustbecherished.

Historyprovesthatonlybyinteractingwithandlearningfromotherscanacivilization enjoy full vitality. If all civilizations are inclusive, the so-called“clash of civilizations” can be avoided and the harmony of civilizations willbecomereality;asaChinesesayinggoes,“Radishorcabbage,eachtohisowndelight.”

Having gone through over 5,000 years of vicissitudes, the Chinese

civilizationhasalwayskepttoitsoriginalroot.Asanicon,itcontainsthemostprofound pursuits of the Chinese nation and provides it with abundantnourishmentforexistenceanddevelopment.DerivingfromChinesesoil, ithascome to its present form through constant exchanges with and learning fromothercivilizations.

In the 2nd century BC, China started the Silk Road[2] leading to theWestern Regions. In 138 BC and 119 BC, Envoy Zhang Qian[3] of the HanDynasty (206 BC-AD 220) made two trips to those regions, disseminatingChinese culture and bringing into China grapes, alfalfa, pomegranates, flax,sesameandotherproducts.

DuringtheWesternHanDynasty(206BC-AD25),China’smerchantfleetssailedasfarasIndiaandSriLankawhere they tradedChina’ssilkforcoloredglaze,pearlsandotherproducts.

TheTangDynasty(618-907)sawdynamicinteractionsbetweenChinaandother countries. Historical records reveal that China exchanged envoys withmorethan70countries,andChang’an,thecapitalofTang,bustledwithenvoys,merchants and students from other countries. Exchanges of such amagnitudehelped spread Chinese culture to the rest of the world and introduce otherculturesandproductstoChina.

Duringtheearly15thcentury,ZhengHe[4],afamousnavigatoroftheMingDynasty (1368-1644), made seven expeditions to the Western Seas, reachingmanySoutheastAsiancountriesandevenKenyaontheeasterncoastofAfrica,leavingbehindmanystoriesoffriendlyexchangesbetweenChinaandcountriesalongtheroute.

During the lateMing and earlyQing (1644-1911) dynasties, theChinesepeoplebegantoaccessmodernscienceandtechnologythroughtheintroductionof European knowledge in the realms of astronomy, medicine, mathematics,geometryandgeography,whichhelpedbroadenthehorizonofChinesepeople.Thereafter, exchanges and mutual learning between Chinese civilization andother civilizations became more frequent. Naturally, there were conflicts,frictions,bewildermentanddenial,butthemoredominantfeaturesoftheperiodwerelearning,digestion,integrationandinnovation.

Buddhism originated in ancient India.After it was brought to China, thereligion went through an extended period of integrated development with theindigenous Confucianism and Taoism, and finally became Buddhism withChinese features, thus greatly impacting the religious beliefs, philosophy,literature,art,etiquetteandcustomsofChina.XuanZang[5],aneminentmonkoftheTangDynasty,whoendureduntoldsufferingsashewentonapilgrimagetoancient India forBuddhistscriptures,gavefullexpression to thedeterminationandfortitudeof theChinesepeopletolearnfromothercultures.Iamsureyouhaveheardof theChinesemythological classicalnovelJourney to theWest[6]basedonhisstories.

The Chinese people enriched Buddhism and developed some specialBuddhist thoughts in the light of Chinese culture, and helped it spread fromChinatoJapan,Korea,SoutheastAsiaandbeyond.

Over the last 2,000 years religions such as Buddhism, Islam andChristianity have been introduced into China, nurturing the country’s music,painting and literature. China’s freehand oil painting, for instance, is aninnovativecombinationofitsowntraditionalpaintingandWesternoilpainting,and the works by Xu Beihong[7] and other master painters have been widelyacclaimed.China’sFourGreat Inventions–papermaking,gunpowder,printingand the compass, brought drastic changes to the whole world, including theEuropeanRenaissance. Its philosophy, literature,medicine, silk, porcelain andteahavebeensharedbytheWestandbecomepartofitspeople’slife.ThebookTravelsofMarcoPoloprovokedwidespreadinterestinChina.

I think some of you might be familiar with the terracotta warriors andhorses[8] of the Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC), one of the eight wonders in theworld.Afterhisvisittothesite,PresidentChiracofFranceremarkedthatavisittoEgyptwouldnotbecompletewithoutseeingthepyramids,andthatavisittoChinawouldnotbecompletewithoutseeingtheterracottawarriorsandhorses.

In 1987 this national treasure was listed as one of UNESCO’s WorldCultural Heritage Sites.Many Chinese legacies are ranked asWorld CulturalHeritageSites,andWorldIntangibleCulturalHeritageSitesandarelistedontheMemoryoftheWorldRegister.Here,I’dliketoexpressmyheartfeltthankstoUNESCOfor itscontribution to thepreservationanddisseminationofChinese

civilization.

Today,weliveinaworldwithdifferentcultures,ethnicgroups,skincolors,religionsandsocialsystems,andallpeopleontheplanethavebecomemembersofanintimatecommunitywithashareddestiny.

TheChinesepeoplehavelongcometoappreciatetheconceptof“harmonywithout uniformity.”[9] ZuoqiuMing[10], a Chinese historian who lived 2,500yearsago,recordedafewlinesbyYanZi[11],primeministeroftheStateofQiduring theSpringandAutumnPeriod (770-476BC) inZuo’sChronicles (ZuoZhuan)[12]:“Harmonyislikecookingthicksoup.Youneedwater,fire,vinegar,meatsauce,saltandplumtogowiththefishormeat.Itisthesamewithmusic.Only by combining the texture, length, rhythm, mood, tone, pitch and styleadequatelyandexecuting themproperlycanyouproduceanexcellentmelody.Whocantoleratesoupwithnothingbutwaterinit?Whocantoleratethesametoneplayedagainandagainwithoneinstrument?”

Ontheplanet, therearemorethan200countriesandregionsinhabitedbyover2,500ethnicgroupswithamultitudeofreligions.Canweimagineaworldwith only one lifestyle, one language, one kind of music and one style ofcostume?

VictorHugooncesaidthattherewasaprospectgreaterthanthesea–thesky;therewasaprospectgreaterthanthesky–thehumansoul.Indeed,weneedamindthatisbroaderthantheskyasweapproachdifferentcivilizations,whichserve aswater,moistening everything silently.We should encourage differentcivilizationstorespecteachotherandliveinharmony,soastoturnexchangesand mutual learning between civilizations into a bridge promoting friendshipbetweenpeoplesaroundtheworld,anenginedrivinghumansociety,andabondcementing world peace. We should draw wisdom and nourishment and seekspiritual support and psychological consolation from various civilizations, andworktogethertofacedownthechallengesaroundtheglobe.

In1987,20exquisitepiecesofcoloredglazewerebroughttolightfromanunderground tomb of Famen Temple in Shaanxi, China. They proved to beByzantine and Islamic relics brought to China during the Tang Dynasty.Marveling at these exotic relics, I was struck by the thought that we shouldappreciate their cultural significance rather than simply admiring their

exquisiteness, and bring their inherent spirit to life instead of merelyappreciatingtheartisticpresentationoflifeinthepast.

Notes


[2] The Silk Road was a trade thoroughfare on land connecting ancient China with South Asia,WesternAsia,EuropeandNorthAfricathroughCentralAsia.ThenamederivesfromthebustlingtradeinsilkandsilkproductsfromChinatothewesternregions.

[3] Zhang Qian (?-114 BC) was a minister of theWestern Han Dynasty. He was dispatched byEmperorWudi as an envoy to thewestern regions (a historical name specified in theHanDynasty thatreferredtotheregionswestofYumenandYangguanpasses)in138BCand119BC,respectively,toseekalliancesamonglocalethnicgroupstofightagainsttheXiongnu,anaggressivetribe.Histravels,asfarasCentralAsia today, tightened the tiesbetween thecentralplainsand thewestern regionsandcontributedremarkablytotheopeningoftheancientSilkRoad.

[4]ZhengHe(1371-1433)wasanavigatoroftheMingDynasty.Hebeganhisserviceattheimperialcourt in the early Ming Dynasty and was later promoted to be the Grand Director (Taijian) of theDirectorate ofPalaceServants.He eventually served as chief envoyduringhis sevengrand seavoyagesbetween 1405 and 1433 when he traveled to more than 30 countries and regions in Asia and Africa,includingSoutheastAsiancountries,theIndianOceanandtheRedSea,aswellastheEastCoastofAfricaandMecca – the sacred place for Islamic pilgrimages (ZhengHewas aMuslim.).His expeditionsweredubbedTreasureVoyages,whichgreatlyboostedtheeconomicandculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandotherAsianandAfricancountries.

[5] Xuan Zang (600 or 602-664), also known as Tang Seng, was an eminent monk of the TangDynasty, translator of Buddhist scriptures, and co-founder of the Vijnaptimatrata (Consciousness-only)School. He requested to takeBuddhist orders at the age of 13, afterwhich time he learned frommanymasterswho confused himwith different ideas, causing him a dream of journey to India – thewesternregions.Hisdreamcame true in629 (or627)whenheheaded to India for the studyofBuddhist sutras.AfterhisreturntoChang’an,capitaloftheTangDynasty,XuanZangcommittedhimselftotranslating75Buddhistscripturesin1,335volumesandwritingabook,GreatTangRecordsontheWesternRegions(DaTangXiYuJi).

[6]JourneytotheWest(XiYouJi)isamythicalnovelattributedtoWuCheng’en(c.1500-c.1582),anovelistoftheMingDynasty.ItrecountsthelegendarypilgrimageoftheTangDynastymonkTangSeng(Xuan Zang), who traveled to the western regions (India) to obtain sacred texts (sutras) with his threedisciples,SunWukong(MonkeyKing),ZhuBajie(PigoftheEightProhibitions),andShaWujing(FriarSand),andreturnedaftermanytrialsandmuchsufferingsubduingdemonsandmonsters.ItisdubbedoneofthefourgreatclassicalnovelsofChineseliterature,theotherthreebeingThreeKingdoms,OutlawsoftheMarshandADreamofRedMansions.

[7]XuBeihong(1895-1953)wasamasterpainterandfineartseducator.

[8]TerracottawarriorsandhorsesoftheQinDynasty(221-207BC)werearchaeologicaldiscoveriesfromthemausoleumofEmperorYingzheng(259-210BC),ortheFirstEmperorofQin–thefirsttounifyfeudalChina.TheywerelistedasoneofUNESCO’sWorldCulturalHeritageSitesin1987.

[9]Seenote11,p.197.

[10]ZuoqiuMing(556-451BC)wasahistorian in theStateofLuduring theSpringandAutumnPeriod.

[11]YanZi(?-500BC),alsoknownasYanYing,wasaprimeministeroftheStateofQiduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.

[12]Zuo’sChronicles(ZuoZhuan),alsoknownasZuo’sCommentariesontheSpringandAutumnAnnals, is believed to have beenwritten by ZuoqiuMing.Acclaimed as one of the Chinese Confucianclassics, it isoneofthethree“commentaries”ontheSpringandAutumnAnnals,alongwithGongyang’sCommentary on the Spring and AutumnAnnals (Gong Yang Zhuan) andGuliang’s Commentary on theSpringandAutumnAnnals(GuLiangZhuan).

China’sCommitmenttoPeacefulDevelopment*

March28,2014

*PartofthespeechattheKörberFoundation,Berlin,Germany.

Mutual understanding is the foundation of state-to-state relations.Deepermutualunderstandingwillcementandbroadenthefoundationofourexchangesandcooperation.

Thanks toover30yearsof rapidgrowth through reformandopeningup,China’sGDPnowrankssecondintheworld.AsChinacontinuestogrow,somepeoplestart toworry.Some takeadarkviewofChinaandassume that itwillinevitably become a threat as it develops further. They even portrayChina asbeingtheterrifyingMephistowhowillsomedaysuckthesouloftheworld.Suchabsurditycouldn’tbemoreridiculous,yetsomepeople,regrettably,nevertireofpreachingit.Thisshowsthatprejudiceisindeedhardtoovercome.

A review of human history shows that what keeps people apart are notmountains, rivers or oceans, but lack of mutual understanding. As GottfriedWilhelm Leibniz once observed, only the sharing of our talentswill light thelampofwisdom.

Let me take this opportunity to share with you China’s reform anddevelopment,focusingonitscommitmenttopeacefuldevelopment.Ihopethiswillhelpyourunderstandingofourcountry.

Long ago, China made the solemn declaration to the world that it iscommitted to pursuing peaceful development. It has developed itself byupholding world peace and maintained world peace through development.Pursuing peaceful development is China’s response to international concernaboutthedirectionitistaking.Moreover,itdemonstratestheChinesepeople’sconfidence in and commitment to achieving its development goals. SuchconfidenceandcommitmentisrootedintherichheritageofChinesecivilization,in our understanding of conditions for achieving its goals, and in our keen

appreciationofthegeneraltrendofglobaldevelopment.

TheChinesenationisapeace-lovingnation.Andthemostprofoundpursuitofanationhas itsorigin in thenationalcharacter formed throughgenerations.TheChinesenation,with5,000yearsofcivilization,hasalwayscherishedpeace.The pursuit of peace, amity and harmony is an integral part of the Chinesecharacter which runs deep in the blood of the Chinese people. This can beevidencedbyaxiomsfromancientChinasuchas:“Awarlikestate,howeverbigitmaybe,willeventuallyperish”[1];“peaceisofparamountimportance”;“seekharmonywithoutuniformity”[2];“replaceweaponsofwarwithgiftsofjadeandsilk”; “bring prosperity to the nation and security to the people”; “fosterfriendshipwithneighbors”;and“achieveuniversalpeace.”Theseaxiomshavebeen passed down from generation to generation. China was long one of themost powerful countries in theworld. Yet it never engaged in colonialism oraggression. The pursuit of peaceful development represents the peace-lovingculturaltraditionoftheChinesenationoverthepastcenturies,atraditionthatwehaveinheritedandcarriedforward.

Chinahas set the followinggoals for its future development:By2020, itwilldoubleits2010GDPandpercapitaincomeofurbanandruralresidentsandrealize a moderately prosperous society in all respects; and by the mid-21stcentury, it will have turned itself into amodern socialist country, prosperous,strong,democratic,culturallyadvancedandharmonious.Werefertothisgoalasthe Chinese Dream of the great renewal of the Chinese nation. We willaccelerateChina’soverall prosperity and raise thehappiness index for our 1.3billionChinesepeopleaslongasweareontherightpath.Yet,itwillnotbeeasytomakethishappenforeveryindividual.Considerthedifferencebetweeneightpeoplesharingonemealand80oreven800peoplesharingthesamemeal.Nomatterhowbig themeal is, the individualsharediffersdramatically fordinersdifferent in number.We are keenly aware that Chinawill remain theworld’slargest developing country for a long time and that to improve life for its 1.3billionpeoplecallsforstrenuousefforts.TwothingswillenableChinatofocusondevelopment:aharmoniousandstabledomesticenvironmentandapeacefulandstableinternationalenvironment.

History is the best teacher. It faithfully records the journey that everycountryhasgonethroughandoffersguidanceforitsfuturedevelopment.Inthe

100yearsfromtheOpiumWarin1840tothefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicin 1949, China was ravaged by wars, turmoil and foreign aggression. To theaverage Chinese, it was a period of ordeal too bitter to recall. The war ofaggressionagainstChinawagedbyJapanesemilitarismalone inflictedover35millionChinesemilitaryandciviliancasualties.Theseatrocitiesremainfreshinour memory. We Chinese have long held the belief expressed in the maxim“Don’t do unto others what you don’t want others to do unto you.”[3] Chinaneedspeaceasmuchashumanbeingsneedairandplantsneedsunshine.OnlybypursuingpeacefuldevelopmentandworkingtogetherwithallothercountriestoupholdworldpeacecanChinarealizeitsgoalandmakegreatercontributionstotheworldasawhole.

DrSunYat-sen, thepioneerofChina’sdemocratic revolution,had this tosay:“Thetrendoftheworldissurgingforward.Thosewhofollowthetrendwillprosper, whilst those who go against it will perish.” History shows that acountry,foritsprosperity,mustrecognizeandfollowtheunderlyingtrendofthechangingworld.Otherwise,itwillbeabandonedbyhistory.Whatisthetrendoftoday’sworld?Theanswerisunequivocal.Itisthetrendofpeace,development,cooperation andmutually beneficial progress.China does not subscribe to theoutdated logic that a country will invariably seek hegemony when it growsstrong.Arecolonialismandhegemonismviabletoday?Absolutelynot.Theycaninevitablyleadtoadeadend,andthosewhosticktothisbeatentrackwillonlyhitastonewall.Peacefuldevelopmentistheonlyalternative.ThatiswhyChinaiscommittedtopeacefuldevelopment.

Facts speak louder than words. Over the past few decades China hasconsistentlyfollowedanindependentforeignpolicyofpeaceandmadeitcrystalclear that China’s foreign policy is aimed at maintaining world peace andpromotingcommondevelopment.Chinahasstatedonnumerousoccasionsthatitopposeshegemonismandpowerpoliticsinallforms,doesnotinterfereintheinternalaffairsofothercountries,andwillneverseekhegemonyorexpansion.ThisisourguidingprincipleforChina’spoliticalsystem,andforeachstepwetake. Moreover, China will firmly uphold its sovereignty, security anddevelopment interests. No country should expect China to swallow any bitterfruitthatunderminesitssovereignty,securityordevelopmentinterests.

In short, China’s pursuit of peaceful development is not an act of

expediency,stilllessdiplomaticrhetoric.Rather,itistheconclusiondrawnfromanobjectiveassessmentofChina’shistory, itspresentandfuture.Itshowcasesconfidence in thinking and readiness for practice. As peaceful developmentbenefits bothChina and theworld as awhole,we cannot think of any reasonwhyweshouldnotpursuethisapproachthathasprovensoeffective.

Notes

[1]TheMethodsofSima(SiMaFa),alsoknownasTheMarshal’sArtofWar,isanancientChinesebookontheartofwarandwasusedasabasictextbookformarshalarttrainingduringtheSongDynasty(960-1279).

[2]Seenote11,p.197.

[3]Seenote23,p.198.

NewModelofMajor-countryRelations

FollowtheTrendoftheTimesandPromoteGlobalPeaceandDevelopment*

March23,2013

*SpeechattheMoscowStateInstituteofInternationalRelations,Moscow,Russia.

DistinguishedMrAnatolyVasilyevichTorkunov,Rectorof theMoscowStateInstituteofInternationalRelations,

The Honorable Olga Golodets, Deputy Prime Minister of the RussianFederation,

Dearfacultymembersandstudents,

I am very pleased to come to the beautiful Moscow State Institute ofInternationalRelations todayandmeet somany facultymembers and studentshere.

The Moscow State Institute of International Relations is a prestigiousschool of world renown, boasting an outstanding faculty and distinguishedalumni.Iwishtoexpressmywarmcongratulationsontheremarkablesuccessesyouhaveachievedinvariousfields.

RussiaisafriendlyneighbortoChina.MycurrentvisittoRussiaisthefirstleg of my first overseas trip since becoming China’s president. It is also mysecond visit to your beautiful and richly endowed country in three years.Yesterday,IhadfruitfultalkswithPresidentPutin,andtogetherweattendedthelaunchoftheTourismYearofChinainRussia.

Themonth ofMarchmarks the return of spring, a season of sowing andgreatrenewal.AsapopularChinesesayinggoes,“hewhohopesforagoodyearstarts planning in spring.” China and Russia, having taken advantage of thisseasontoploughandhoenotonlyforourbilateralrelationsbutalsoforpeaceanddevelopmentintheworld,willsurelyreapabumperharvesttothebenefitof

ourtwopeoplesandthoseofothercountries.


TheInstituteofInternationalRelations,asaninstitutionofhigherlearningspecialized in the study of international issues, pays close attention to theinternational landscape and can appreciate especially keenly the enormouschangestheworldhasgonethroughoverthepastdecades.Indeed,weliveinatimeofkaleidoscopicchangesthatmaketheworldconstantlydifferent.

It is a world where peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefithave become the trend of the times. The old colonial system has long sincedisintegrated, and confrontations between blocs as during the ColdWar havelonggone.Nocountryorgroupofcountriescandominateworldaffairssingle-handedly.

It is a world where emerging markets and developing countries in largenumbershaveembarkedonthetrackoffastdevelopment.Billionsofpeoplearemovingtowardsmodernizationatanacceleratingpace.Multiplegrowthengineshave emerged in regions across the world. And the international balance ofpowercontinuestoevolveinadirectionfavorableforpeaceanddevelopment.

Itisaworldwherecountriesarelinkedwithanddependentononeanotheratalevelneverseenbefore.Mankind,bylivinginthesameglobalvillageinthesame era where history and reality meet, has increasingly emerged as acommunityofcommondestiny inwhicheveryonehas inhimselfa littlebitofothers.

And it is aworldwheremankind is besetwith numerous difficulties andchallenges. They range from the continued underlying impact of theinternationalfinancialcrisis,anapparentupsurgeofallkindsofprotectionism,incessant regional flashpoints, rising hegemonism, power politics and neo-interventionism,toawebofconventionalandnon-conventionalsecuritythreats,suchasthearmsrace,terrorismandcybersecurity.Upholdingworldpeaceandpromotingcommondevelopmentremainalonganduphillbattle.

Wehopethattheworldwillbecomeabetterplace.Wehaveeveryreasonto believe that it will. At the same time,we are soberly aware thatwhile the

future is bright, the path leading to it can be tortuous. Chernyshevsky oncewrote, “The path of history is not paved likeNevsky Prospekt; it runs acrossfields,eitherdustyormuddy,andcutsacrossswampsorforestthickets.”Yetasshownbyhumanity’s progress, history alwaysmoves forward according to itsownlawsdespitetwistsandturns,andnoforcecanholdbackitsrollingwheels.

The tide of the world is surging forward. Those who submit to it willprosper and those who resist it will perish. Keeping up with the times, onecannotliveinthe21stcenturywhilethinkingintheoldfashion,lingeringintheageofcolonialexpansionorwiththezero-summentalityoftheColdWar.

In the face of the profoundly changed international landscape and theobjectiveneedfor theworldtorally together likepassengers in thesameboat,allcountriesshouldjoinhandsinbuildinganewmodelofinternationalrelationsfeaturingcooperationandmutualbenefit,andallpeoplesshouldworktogethertosafeguardworldpeaceandpromotecommondevelopment.

We stand for the sharing of dignity by all countries and peoples in theworld. All countries, irrespective of size, strength and wealth, are equal. Therightof thepeople to independentlychoose theirdevelopmentpaths shouldberespected, interference in the internal affairs of other countries opposed, andinternationalfairnessandjusticemaintained.Onlytheweareroftheshoesknowsiftheyfitornot.Onlythepeoplecanbesttellifthedevelopmentpaththeyhavechosenfortheircountrysuitsornot.

Westandforthesharingofthefruitsofdevelopmentbyallcountriesandpeoples. Every country, while pursuing its own development, should activelyfacilitatethecommondevelopmentofallcountries.Therecannotbesustainabledevelopment in the world when some countries are getting richer and richerwhile others languish in prolonged poverty and backwardness. Onlywhen allcountries achieve common development can there be better worldwidedevelopment.Suchpracticesasbeggar-my-neighbor,shiftingcrisesontoothersand feathering one’s nest at the expense of others are both immoral andunsustainable.

Westandforthesharingofsecuritybyallcountriesandpeoples.Countriesshouldmakeconcertedeffortstoproperlyaddresstheissuesandchallengestheyface.Aschallengesoftentakeonglobaldimensions, thereisall themoreneed

forcountriestotakethemoncooperatively,turningpressureintomotivationandcrises into opportunities. Confronted with complex threats to internationalsecurity,fightingaloneorfightingwithablindfaithintheuseofforcewillnotgetoneanywhere.Theonlysolutionliesincooperative,collectiveandcommonsecurity.

Asthetrendsofworldmultipolarityandeconomicglobalizationgrowandthose of upholding cultural diversity and applying information technology insocial life continue to make progress, mankind has never been better blessedwith opportunities for taking strides towards peace and development. Andmutuallybeneficialcooperationprovidestheonlypracticalwaytoachievesuchagoal.

The destiny of the worldmust be left in the hands of the peoples of allcountries.Matters that fall within the sovereign rights of a country should bemanagedonlybythegovernmentandpeopleofthatcountry.Andaffairsoftheworld should be addressed by the governments and peoples of all countriesthrough consultation. Herein lies the democratic principle for the handling ofinternationalaffairswhichshouldbeuniversallyobserved.


LastNovember,theCPCheldits18thNationalCongress.Accordingtotheblueprintitmappedoutforthecountry’sdevelopmentinthenearfuture,Chinawill double its 2010 GDP and per capita income for both urban and ruralresidentsby2020,completethebuildingofamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectswhenthePartycelebratesitscentenaryin2021,andturnitselfintoamodern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturallyadvanced and harmoniouswhen the PRCmarks its centenary in 2049.At thesame time,wearesoberlyaware that,asa largedevelopingcountrywithover1.3billionpeople,Chinawillencounterstillgreaterandmoretestingchallengesontheroadtoprogress,whichcallsforcontinuousandstrenuouseffortsonourpartifthegoalsasidentifiedaretobereached.

ThegreatrenewaloftheChinesenationhasbecomethegrandestdreamofthe Chinese people in modern times. We call it the Chinese Dream, withprosperityforthecountry,renewalforthenationandhappinessforthepeopleasits fundamental elements.Chinahasalwaysbeenapeace-lovingnation.But it

was subjected to a century of untold sufferings as a result of repeated foreignaggressionanddomesticturmoil.Weknowtoowellthevalueofpeace,andtheneed to build the country and improve the people’s well-being in a peacefulenvironment. China is committed to the path of peaceful development,dedicating itself to open, cooperative and mutually beneficial development,whilecallingonallcountriestofollowthispath.Chinaalwayspursuesadefensepolicy that is defensive in nature, not engaging in any arms racenor posing amilitarythreattoanycountry.Bygrowingstrongerthroughdevelopment,Chinawillbringmoreopportunities, rather than threats, to the restof theworld.TheChinese Dreamwhich we cherish will not only serve the Chinese people butbenefitpeoplethroughouttheworld.

Itishearteningtoseethat,eachastheother’slargestneighbor,ChinaandRussiaenjoyahighcomplementarityindevelopmentstrategy.Russiahassetthegoalofreachingorapproachingthelevelofthedevelopedcountriesby2020intermsofpercapitaGDPandisacceleratingitsadvanceinmaterialdevelopment.Wesincerelywishyousuccess inachievingyourgoalsas soonaspossible.AstrongandprosperousRussiaisintheinterestsofChina,andconducivetopeaceandstabilityintheAsiaPacificandtheworldatlarge.

The relationship betweenChina andRussia is one of themost importantbilateralrelationshipsintheworld.Itisalsothebestrelationshipbetweenmajorcountries.Astrongandhigh-performancerelationship like thisnotonlyservesthe interestsofour twocountriesbut alsoprovides an important safeguard formaintaining the international strategicbalanceaswellaspeaceandstability intheworld.Withourconsistenteffortsoverthepast20yearsandmore,wehaveestablished a comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination, and arelationship that fully accommodates each other’s interests and concerns, anddelivers tangible benefits to the two peoples. We have resolved historicalboundaryissuesonceandforallandsignedtheTreatyofGood-neighborlinessand Friendly Cooperation Between the People’s Republic of China and theRussianFederation, thus layingasolid foundation for the long-termgrowthofChina-Russiarelations.

Atpresent,bothChinaandRussiaareatacrucialstageofnationalrenewal,as their relationshaveenteredanewperiodcharacterizedbyprovisionofvitalmutual development opportunities and serving as primary mutual cooperationpartners. To ensure continued growth of China-Russia relations, we need to

workstillharderinthefollowingareas:

First, stay firmly committed to building a forward-looking relationship.ThatChinaandRussiashouldliveineverlastingamityandneverbeenemiesisthe shared aspiration of the two peoples.We need to stand tall and look far,workingonourbilateralrelationswithaholisticapproach.PresidentPutinoncesaid,“RussianeedsaprosperousandstableChina,andChinaneedsastrongandsuccessfulRussia.”Icouldnotagreemore.Byachievingcommondevelopment,wewill give ever broader space to our comprehensive strategic partnership ofcoordination and provide positive energy to the international order and globalsystems in theirmovement towards greater fairness and rationality.China andRussiawill foreverbegoodneighbors,good friends andgoodpartners, takingconcrete actions to firmly support each other on respective core interests, onrespectivedevelopmentandrenewal,onfollowingthedevelopmentpathssuitedtoournationalconditionsandonsuccessinouraffairsandendeavors.

Second, stay firmly committed to cultivating a cooperative andmutuallybeneficial relationship. China and Russia differ in realities and nationalconditions. By engaging in close cooperation and drawing on each other’sstrengthstomakeupforrespectiveshortcomings,wecanshowtotheworldthatoneplusonecanbegreaterthantwo.Lastyear,ourtwo-waytradereachedUS$88.2 billion-worth and there were 3.3 million visits exchanged between ourpeoples.Thesefiguresgivefullexpressiontotheenormouspotentialandbroadprospects of China-Russia relations. Bilateral cooperation in energy hasadvanced steadily. The China-Russia oil and gas pipelines have long sincereplaced the “Ten ThousandLi TeaRoute”[1] of the 17th century as the new“arteries of the century” connecting the two countries. Right now, we arelookingactivelytobridgethedevelopmentstrategiesofourrespectivecountriesandregionsinanefforttocreatestillmoreconverginginterestsandgrowthareasinbilateralcooperation.Wewillexpandthescopeofbilateralcooperationfromthe energy and resources sector to investment, infrastructure, hi-tech, financeandotherareas,andfromtradeingoodstojointR&Dandjointproductionsoastoelevatetheresult-orientedcooperationbetweenthetwocountries.

Third,stayfirmlycommittedtocementingthefriendshipbetweenthetwopeoples.Amitybetweenpeoplesholdsthekeytorelationsbetweencountries.Itisthepeople’sdeepfriendshipthatdrivesstate-to-staterelationsforward.Here,I

want to share a couple of stories about the mutual support and mutual helpbetween our peoples. During the War of Resistance Against JapaneseAggression,CaptainGregoryKurishenko of the air force of the SovietUnioncametoChinaandfoughtsidebysidewiththeChinesepeople.Heoncesaid,“IfeeltheChinesepeople’ssufferingsasifIwerefeelingthesufferingsofmyownmotherland.” He died heroically on Chinese soil. The Chinese people neverforgetthishero.AnordinaryChinesemotherandhersonhavekeptvigilathistombformorethanhalfacentury.In2004,Chinainvitedsomeofthechildrentraumatized in theBeslanschoolhostage incident[2] toChina for rehabilitationtreatment. The children received meticulous care. The head doctor from theRussian side said to the Chinese side, “Your doctors have given our childrensuchgreathelp,andtheywillalwaysrememberyou.”WhenWenchuanwashitby a devastating earthquake in 2008[3] Russia raced against time to extend ahelpinghand,and invited thechildren fromdisasterareas toRussia’sFarEastfor rehabilitation. Three years ago, I saw with my own eyes at the OceanChildren’sCenterinVladivostokthelovingcareRussianteachersshoweredonourchildren.AsweChineseoftensay, loveknowsnoborders.TheseChinesechildren have learned for themselves the love, friendship and kindness of theRussianpeople.Therearemanymore touchingstories like these,and togethertheykeepthetreeofourfriendshipnourished,strongandevergreen.

RussiaandChinaeachhasatime-honoredhistoryandsplendidculture,andcultural exchanges between us play an irreplaceable role in advancing thefriendship between the two peoples. Ancient Chinese philosophers such asConfuciusandLaoZiarewellknowninRussiawhileRussiancultureleftadeepmarkontheoldergenerationsofChineserevolutionaries.EvenpeopleofmyagehavereadmanyRussianclassicmasterpieces.Inmyyouth,Ireadtheworksofsuch Russian literary giants as Pushkin, Lermontov, Turgenev, Dostoyevsky,TolstoyandChekhov,andsavoredthepowerfulcharmofRussianliterature.Itisno wonder that cultural exchanges between China and Russia enjoy fertileground.

Theyoutharethefutureofacountryandthefutureoftheworld.Theyalsohold in their hands the future of China-Russia friendship.During this visit ofmine,PresidentPutinandIjointlyannouncedthatChinaandRussiawouldhosttheYearofYouthFriendshipandExchangesin2014and2015,respectively.Onthe Chinese side, we will invite a delegation of Russian university students,

including students of theMoscowState Institute of InternationalRelations, toChina. I see in you someof the best and brightest of the younggeneration inRussia.Ihopethatmoreandmoreyoungpeoplefrombothcountrieswill takeover thebatonofChina-Russia friendshipby actively involving themselves inthecauseoffriendship.


AsaRussianproverbgoes,“Bigshipssail far.”Wealsohave linesofanancientpoemwhichread,“Forgingaheadlikeagiganticshipbreakingthroughstrongwindsandheavywaves,I’llsetmytoweringsail tocrosstheseawhichraves.”[4] I am convinced that with the joint efforts of the governments andpeoples of our two countries, China-Russia relations will continue to pressahead,overcomingdifficulties,bringinggreaterbenefitstothetwopeoples,andmakingever-greatercontributionstoglobalpeaceanddevelopment.

Thankyou.

Notes

[1]The“TenThousandLiTeaRoute”wasateatraderoutestretching13,000kmthroughmorethan200 cities. Opened by Shanxi businessmen from the lateMing Dynasty (1368-1644) to the early QingDynasty(1644-1911),itstartedfromMeicunVillageatthefootoftheWuyiMountaininFujianProvinceinSoutheastChina,reachedKyakhtainRussiaandfromtheretoSt.Petersburg.Itwasanimportantrouteforinternationaltrade,enjoyingequalfamewiththeSilkRoad.

[2] It refers to a terrorist attack at SchoolNumberOne in the town ofBeslan,NorthOssetia (anautonomous republic in the North Caucasus region) of the Russian Federation on September 1, 2004,resultinginmorethan300deaths.

[3]Theearthquake,registering8.0ontheRichterscale,occurredat14:28:04ChinaStandardTimeonMay12,2008inWenchuanCounty,SichuanProvince.Theepicenter(06:08:01UTC)waslocated38°southwestofand11kmawayfromYingxiuTown.AsofSeptember25,2008,officialfiguresstatedthat69,227wereconfirmeddead,374,643injuredand17,923missing.Thedirecteconomiclossinthehardest-hitareasreachedRMB845.1billion.

[4]Seenote3,p.39.

BuildaNewModelofMajor-countryRelationshipBetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates*

June7,2013

*MainpointsofthespeechwhenmeetingthepresswithUSPresidentBarackObama.

PresidentObamaandIhavejusthadourfirstmeeting.Wehadacandidandin-depthexchangeofviewsonourrespectivedomesticandforeignpolicies,onbuilding a new model of major-country relationship between China and theUnitedStates,andonmajorinternationalandregionalissuesofmutualconcern.Wehavereachedaconsensusonmanyimportantissues.

I toldPresidentObamaexplicitly thatChinawillunswervinglyfollowthepathofpeacefuldevelopment,furtheritsreformandopeningup,strivetorealizetheChineseDreamof the rejuvenationof theChinesenation,andpromote thenoblecauseofpeaceanddevelopmentofmankind.

The Chinese Dream is about making our country prosperous and strong,revitalizing thenationandbringingahappy life to itspeople. It is adreamofpeace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit. It has many things incommonwithallthebeautifuldreams,includingtheAmericanDream,ofpeopleallovertheworld.

PresidentObamaandIbothmaintainthatChinaandtheUSshouldandcanbuild a new model of relationship different from the historical clashes andconfrontations betweenmajor powers, given the rapid economic globalizationandtheneedforallcountriesintheworldtoworktogether.Webothagreedtomake joint efforts tobuild anewmodel ofmajor-country relationship, respecteachother,cooperateandseekmutualinterests,andbringbenefitstoourpeopleand the people of the world at large. The world community also expects acontinuously improved and expanded China-US relationship. Good China-UScooperationwillserveasananchorforglobalstabilityandaboosterforworldpeace.

Thetwosidesagreedtoenhancedialoguesandcommunicationatalllevels,andconstantlyincreasemutualtrustandunderstanding.PresidentObamaandIwillkeepinclosetouchwitheachotherthroughexchangesofvisits,meetings,telephone conversations and letters. I have extended an invitation to PresidentObamatovisitChinaatasuitabletimeforanewroundofmeetingsandrealizean exchange of visits as soon as possible. The two sides will act in closecoordination to make sure that the new round of China-US strategic andeconomic dialogues, and high-level consultations on cultural and people-to-people exchanges will achieve positive results. The Chinese defense ministerandforeignministerwillvisittheUSoninvitation.

Thetwosidesalsoagreedtoenhancecooperationinawiderangeofareassuch as economy, trade, energy, environment, and culture and humanities, aswell as cooperation among different regions, so as to expand the converginginterestsbetween the twocountries in anall-roundway.Wewill improveanddevelopbilateralmilitaryrelations,andbuildanewmodelofChina-USmilitaryrelationship. We will strengthen coordination concerning macro-economicpolicies, expandcooperation in theprocessofoureconomicdevelopment, andpromote robust, sustainableandbalancedeconomicgrowth in theAsiaPacificregionandtheworldatlarge.

Wherethereisawillthereisaway.Iamconfidentaboutthenewmodelofmajor-countryrelationshipbetweenChinaandtheUS.First,bothsideshavethepoliticalwilltobuildsucharelationship.Second,bilateralcooperationbetweenthetwocountriesoverthepastmorethan40yearshaslaidasolidfoundationforour future cooperation. Third, the two sides have established more than 90mechanisms for high-level dialogues on strategy, economy, culture andhumanities,which serve as guaranteemechanisms for the building of the newmodel of major-country relationship. Fourth, sister provinces and states, andsistercitiestotalingmorethan220pairshavebeenestablishedbetweenthetwosides; nearly 190,000Chinese students are studying in theUS andmore than20,000USstudentsarestudyinginChina–agoodpublicopinionfoundationforthe building of the newmodel of relationship. Fifth, there is broad scope forfuturebilateralcooperation.

Thebuildingofanewmodelofmajor-countryrelationshipbetweenChinaand the US is unprecedented, but it will be faithfully carried out by the twosides.ChinaandtheUSshouldworktogethertopushforwardthenewmodelof

major-country relationship by increasing dialogues, promoting mutual trust,expandingcooperationandcontrollingdisputes.

BoththeChineseandAmericannationsaregreatnations,andbothpeoplesare great peoples. I believe that, with determination, confidence, patience andwisdom,thetwosideswillaccomplishourgoalsaslongaswekeeptheoverallsituation in mind while starting with the daily routine and making constantprogress.

Chinahasbeenavictimofcomputerhackerattacks.Asadefenderofcybersecurity,ChinahasthesameconcernsastheUSinthisfield.ThetwosideshavedecidedthroughconsultationstoestablishacybersecurityworkingteamwithintheframeworkofChina-USstrategicandsecuritydialogues,andtostarttoworkon the issue as soon as possible. The two sides should eschew mistrust andengageincooperationsoastomakecybersecurityanewbrightspotinChina-UScooperation.

BuildaBridgeofFriendshipandCooperationAcrosstheEurasianContinent*

April1,2014

*PartofthespeechattheCollegeofEuropeinBruges,Belgium.

ChinaandEuropemayseemfarapartgeographically,butwearelivinginthesameeraandonthesameearth.Ifeelthatweareasclosetoeachotherasneighbors.BothChinaandEuropeareinacrucialstageofdevelopment,andarefacing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. I hope to work with ourEuropean friends to build a bridge of friendship and cooperation across theEurasian continent. For that we actually need to build four bridges – for thepeace, growth, reform and progress of civilization – so that the China-EUcomprehensive strategic partnership will take on even greater globalsignificance.

–Weneedtobuildabridgeofpeaceandstability, linkingthe twostrongforcesofChinaandtheEU.Together,ChinaandtheEUmakeuponetenthofthe total area of the earth, and represent one fourth of theworld’s population.TogetherweholdthreepermanentseatsontheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncil.We all need peace,multilateralism and dialogue, instead ofwar, unilateralismand confrontation. We need to enhance communication and coordination onglobal issues, and play a key role in safeguarding world peace and stability.Culture can spread, and so can peaceful development. China stands ready toworkwiththeEUtoletthesunlightofpeacedriveawaytheshadowofwar,andthebonfireofprosperitywarmuptheglobaleconomyinthecoldearlyspring,and enable all mankind to embark on the path of peaceful development andmutuallybeneficialcooperation.

–Weneed tobuildabridgeofgrowthandprosperity linking the twobigmarkets of China and Europe. China and the EU are the twomost importanteconomies in theworld, accounting for one third of the global economy.Wemust uphold open markets, speed up negotiations on investment agreements,

proactivelyexplorethepossibilityofafreetradearea,andstrivetoachievetheambitious goal of bringing bilateral trade toUS$1 trillion-worth by 2020.Weshould also look to combine China-EU cooperation with the initiative ofdevelopingtheSilkRoadEconomicBelt,soas to integrate themarketofAsiaand Europe, energize the people, businesses, capital and technologies of AsiaandEurope,andmakeChinaandtheEUthetwinenginesforglobaleconomicgrowth.

–We need to build a bridge of reform and progress, linking the reformprocessinChinaandtheEU.BothChinaandtheEUarepursuingreformsthatareunprecedentedinhumanhistory,andbotharesailingunchartedwaters.Weshould enhance dialogue and cooperation on macro economy, public policy,regional development, rural development, social welfare and other fields.Weneed to respect each other’s paths of reform, draw upon each other’s reformexperience, and promoteworld development and progress through our reformefforts.

–WeneedtobuildabridgeofcommonculturalprosperitylinkingthetwomajorcivilizationsofChinaandEurope.Chinarepresents inanimportantwayEasterncivilization,whileEuropeisthebirthplaceofWesterncivilization.TheChinesepeoplearefondoftea,andBelgianslovebeer.Tome,themoderateteadrinkerandpassionatebeerloverrepresenttwowaysofunderstandinglifeandknowingtheworld,andI find themequallyrewarding.Whengoodfriendsgettogether,theymaywanttodrinktotheirhearts’contenttoshowtheirfriendship.Theymay also choose to sit down quietly and drink teawhile chatting abouttheirlives.InChinawevalueouridealof“harmonywithoutuniformity.”[1]Andhere in theEUpeople stress theneed tobe“united indiversity.”Letusworktogetherforallflowersofhumancivilizationtoblossomtogether.

Inthefaceofallchangesintheinternationallandscape,Chinahasalwayssupported European integration and a bigger role in international affairs for aunited,stableandprosperousEU.ChinawillsoonreleaseitssecondEUpolicypaper to reiterate thegreat importance itplaceson theEUandon its relationswith the EU. Last year, China and the EU jointly formulated the StrategicAgenda2020forChina-EUCooperation,settingoutahostofambitiousgoalsinnearly a hundred fields. The two sides should work in concert to turn theblueprintintorealityatanearlydate,andstriveforgreaterprogressinChina-EU

relationsinthecomingdecade.

Notes

[1]Seenote11,p.197.

NeighborhoodDiplomacy

WorkTogethertoBuildtheSilkRoadEconomicBelt*

September7,2013

*PartofthespeechatNazarbayevUniversity,Astana,Kazakhstan.

More than2,100years agoduring theHanDynasty (206BC-AD220), aChineseenvoynamedZhangQianwastwicesenttoCentralAsiaonmissionsofpeaceandfriendship.HisjourneysopenedthedoortofriendlycontactsbetweenChina andCentralAsian countries, and started the SilkRoad linking theEastandWest,AsiaandEurope.

Shaanxi,myhomeprovince,isrightatthestartingpointoftheancientSilkRoad.Today,asIstandhereandlookbackathistory,Iseemtohearthecamelbellsechoinginthemountainsandseethewispsofsmokerisingfromthedesert,andthisgivesmeaspeciallygoodfeeling.

Kazakhstan, located on the ancient Silk Road, has made an importantcontributiontotheexchangesbetweentheEasternandWesterncivilizationsandtheinteractionsandcooperationbetweenvariousnationsandcultures.Thislandhasbornewitnesstoasteadystreamofenvoys,caravans,travelers,scholarsandartisans traveling between the East and theWest. The exchanges and mutuallearningthusmadepossiblepromotedtheprogressofhumancivilization.

The ancient city ofAlmaty is also on the ancient Silk Road. InAlmaty,thereisaXianXinghai[1]Boulevard,whichgotitsnamefromatruestory.Afterthe outbreak of the Great Patriotic War in 1941, Xian, a renowned Chinesecomposer,foundhiswaytoAlmaty.Bythen,hewasworndownbypovertyandillnessandhadnoonetoturnto.Fortunately,theKazakhcomposerBakhitzhanBaykadamovtookcareofXianandprovidedhimwiththecomfortofahome.

ItwasinAlmatythatXiancomposedhisfamousworks:Liberationof theNation, SacredWar andRedAll over theRiver.He alsowrote the symphonyAmangeldy based on the exploits of the Kazakh national hero. These worksservedasarallyingcalltofightFascismandprovedimmenselypopularwiththe

localpeople.

Throughout the millennia, the peoples of various countries along theancientSilkRoadhavewrittenachapteroffriendshipthathasbeenpassedontothisveryday.Morethan2,000yearsofexchangesdemonstratethatonthebasisof unity, mutual trust, equality, inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutuallybeneficial cooperation, countries of different races, beliefs and culturalbackgroundsarefullyabletosharepeaceanddevelopment.ThisisthevaluableinspirationwehavedrawnfromtheancientSilkRoad.

Overthepast20years,therelationsbetweenChinaandEurasiancountrieshavegrownrapidly,andtheancientSilkRoadhasgainednewvitality.Inanewway,itisliftingthemutuallybeneficialcooperationbetweenChinaandEurasiancountriestoafreshheight.

A neighbor is better than a distant relative. China and Central Asiancountries are close and friendly neighbors. China values its friendship andcooperation with these countries, and takes improving these relations as aforeignpolicypriority.

China’s relations with the Central Asian countries now face a goldenopportunityofgrowth.Wehopetoworkwiththesecountriestostrengthentrust,friendshipandcooperation,andpromotecommondevelopmentandprosperitytothebenefittoallourpeoples.

– We should pass on our friendship from generation to generation andremain good neighbors living in harmony. China is committed to peacefuldevelopment and an independent foreign policy of peace. We respect thedevelopmentpathsanddomesticandforeignpoliciespursuedindependentlybythe people of every country.Wewill never interfere in the internal affairs ofCentralAsiancountries.Wedonotseektodominateregionalaffairsorestablishany sphere of influence. We stand ready to enhance consultation andcoordinationwithRussiaandallCentralAsiancountriestosustainharmonyinourregion.

–Weshould firmlysupportand trusteachotherandbesincereandgoodfriends. Rendering each other firm support on major issues concerning coreinterestssuchassovereignty,territorialintegrity,securityandstabilityunderlies

China’sstrategicpartnershipwiththeCentralAsiancountries.WewillreinforcetrustandcooperationwiththeCentralAsiancountriesbilaterallyandwithintheframework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)[2] to combat the“threeforces”ofterrorism,separatismandextremismaswellasdrugtraffickingandorganizedtransnationalcrimes,andthiswillcreateafavorableenvironmentfor promoting economic development and improving the well-being of thepeopleinthisregion.

–Weshouldvigorouslyenhancepracticalcooperationandbegoodpartnersofmutuallybeneficialcooperation.BothChinaandtheCentralAsiancountriesareatacrucialstageofdevelopment,andwefaceunprecedentedopportunitiesandchallenges.Wehaveallsetmedium-tolong-termdevelopmentgoalsbasedon our national conditions. Our strategic goals are the same – to ensuresustainable and stable economic development, build a prosperous and strongnation and achieve national revitalization. Therefore, we need to enhancepractical cooperation across the board, use our good political relations,geographical proximity and economic complementarities to boost sustainablegrowth,andbuildacommunityofsharedinterestsandmutualbenefit.

– We should expand regional cooperation with a more open mind andbroader vision, and achieve joint progress. Global economic integration isaccelerating, and regional cooperation is booming. The Eurasian region has anumber of regional cooperation organizations. Themembers and observers ofthe Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC) and the SCO are from Eurasia,SouthAsia andWestAsia.By intensifying cooperationbetween theSCOandtheEAEC,wewillcreatefurtherspacefordevelopment.

Toforgeclosereconomicties,deepencooperationandexpanddevelopmentspaceintheEurasianregion,weshouldtakeaninnovativeapproachandjointlybuild an economic belt along the Silk Road. Thiswill be a great undertakingbenefitting thepeopleof all countries along the route.To turn this vision intoreality,wemaystart inspecificareasandconnect themover timetocover thewholeregion.

First, we need to step up policy consultation. Countries should have fulldiscussionsondevelopmentstrategiesandpolicies,adoptplansandmeasuresforadvancing regional cooperation through consultation in the spirit of seekingcommon groundwhile setting aside differences, and give the policy and legal

“greenlight”toregionaleconomicintegration.

Second,weneedtoimproveroadconnections.TheSCOisworkingonanagreement on transport facilitation. Its early signing and implementation willopenupamajor transport route connecting thePacific and theBaltic.On thisbasis, we can actively discuss the best way to improve cross-border transportinfrastructureandworktowardsatransportnetworkconnectingEastAsia,WestAsiaandSouthAsiatofacilitateeconomicdevelopmentandtravelintheregion.

Third,weneedtopromoteunimpededtrade.TheenvisagedeconomicbeltalongtheSilkRoadisinhabitedbynearlythreebillionpeopleanditrepresentsthebiggestmarketintheworld,withenormous,unparalleledpotentialfortradeandinvestmentcooperationbetweenthecountriesinvolved.Weshoulddiscussaproperarrangementfortradeandinvestmentfacilitation,removetradebarriers,reduce trade and investment costs, increase the speed and raise the quality ofregionaleconomicflowsandachievemutuallybeneficialprogressintheregion.

Fourth,weneedtoenhancemonetarycirculation.ChinaandRussiaalreadyhave sound cooperation on settling trade in local currencies, and have madegoodprogressandyieldedrichexperienceinthisrespect.Thisgoodpracticecanbe shared with others in the region. If our region can realize local currencyconvertibility and settlement under the current and capital accounts, it willsignificantly lower circulation cost, increase our ability to fend off financialrisks,andmakeourregionmorecompetitiveinternationally.

Fifth,weneed to increaseunderstandingbetweenourpeoples.Friendshipbetween peoples is the key to good relations between states. To pursueproductivecooperationintheabove-mentionedareas,weneedthesupportofourpeoples.Weshouldencouragemorefriendlyexchangesbetweenourpeoplestoenhancemutualunderstandingandtraditionalfriendship,andbuildstrongpublicsupportandasolidsocialfoundationforregionalcooperation.

Notes

[1]XianXinghai(1905-1945)wasaChinesemusician.

[2]TheShanghaiCooperationOrganization (SCO) is apermanent intergovernmental internationalorganization established on June 15, 2001, in Shanghai (China) by six countries – China, Russia,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,TajikistanandUzbekistan.ItsprototypewastheShanghaiFiveMechanism.The

main goals of the SCO are strengthening mutual confidence and good neighborly relations among themembercountries;promotingeffectivecooperationinpolitics,tradeandeconomy,scienceandtechnology,andcultureaswellaseducation,energy,transportation,tourism,environmentalprotectionandotherfields;makingjointeffortstomaintainandensurepeace,securityandstabilityintheregion;andmovingtowardsthe establishment of a new,democratic, just and rational political and economic international order.Theheadsofstatemeetonceeveryyear,andtheheadsofgovernmentmeetatfixedtime,alternativelyineachofthememberstates.

WorkTogethertoBuilda21st-centuryMaritimeSilkRoad*

October3,2013

*PartofthespeechatthePeople’sRepresentativeCouncilofIndonesia.

ChinaandtheASEANcountriesarecloseneighborssharingkinship.ThisyearmarksthetenthanniversaryoftheChina-ASEANstrategicpartnership,andourrelationshipisatanewhistoricalstartingpoint.

China places great importance on Indonesia’s standing and influence inASEAN.Wewish toworkwith Indonesia and the otherASEAN countries toensure that China and ASEAN are good neighbors, good friends and goodpartnerswhoshareprosperityandsecurityandsticktogetherthroughthickandthin.Throughourjointefforts,wecanbuildacloseChina-ASEANcommunityofcommondestinysoastobringmorebenefitstobothChinaandASEANandtothepeopleintheregion.

Toachievethisgoal,weshouldtakethefollowingsteps:

First,build trustandgood-neighborly ties.Trust is thevery foundationofboth interpersonal and state-to-state relations.China is committed to forging arelationship with the ASEAN countries featuring sincerity, friendship, andenhancedmutualpoliticalandstrategictrust.

There is no one-size-fits-all development model in the world or anunchanging development path.Both theChinese people and the people of theASEANcountrieshaveembracedchangeandinnovationwithanopenmind,andsearchedandfound,inapioneeringandenterprisingspirit,developmentpathsinkeepingwith theirspecificnationalconditions thatconformto the trendof thetimes. These efforts have opened up a broad prospect for their economic andsocialdevelopment.

We should each respect the other’s right to independently choose socialsystem and development path as well as the right to explore and pursue new

waysofeconomicandsocialdevelopment,and improve itspeople’s lives.Weshouldhavefullconfidenceineachother’sstrategicchoice,supporteachotheron issuesofmajorconcern,andneverdeviate fromthegeneralgoalofChina-ASEANstrategiccooperation.

China is ready to discusswith theASEAN countries the conclusion of atreaty of good-neighborliness, friendship and cooperation in a joint effort tobuild good-neighborly relations. China will continue to support ASEAN inenhancing its strength,building theASEANcommunity, andplayingacentralroleinregionalcooperation.

Second, work for mutually beneficial cooperation. As a Chinese sayinggoes,“Theintereststobeconsideredshouldbetheinterestsofall.”[1]China isreadytoopenitsdoorwidertotheASEANcountriesonthebasisofequalityandmutual benefit and enable the latter to gain more from China’s development.China isprepared toupgrade theChina-ASEANFreeTradeAreaand increasetwo-waytradetoonetrilliondollar-worthby2020.

China is committed to enhancing its connections with the ASEANcountries. China proposes the establishment of an Asian infrastructureinvestmentbanktosupporttheASEANcountriesandotherdevelopingcountriesinourregiontostrengthenlinksininfrastructuraldevelopment.

Southeast Asia has since ancient times been an important hub along theancientMaritime Silk Road. China will strengthenmaritime cooperation withtheASEANcountries, and theChina-ASEANMaritimeCooperationFund setupbytheChinesegovernmentshouldbeusedtodevelopmaritimepartnershipinajointefforttobuildtheMaritimeSilkRoadofthe21stcentury.ChinaisreadytoexpanditspracticalcooperationwiththeASEANcountriesacrosstheboardto meet each other’s needs and complement each other’s strengths. This willenable us to jointly seize opportunities andmeet challenges in the interest ofcommondevelopmentandprosperity.

Third,standtogetherandassisteachother.ChinaandtheASEANcountriesare intimate partners, and we share the responsibility for regional peace andstability. In the past, the people of China and the ASEAN countries stoodtogetherinthefighttotakeourdestinybackintoourownhands.Inrecentyears,ourpeopleshavestoodsidebysideandforgedstrongsynergyinrespondingto

theAsianfinancialcrisisandtheinternationalfinancialcrisis,andinrespondingtotheIndianOceantsunamiandChina’sWenchuanearthquake.

WeshouldcastawaytheColdWarmentality,championthenewthinkingof comprehensive security, common security and cooperative security, andjointly uphold peace and stability in our region. We should have deepercooperation in disaster prevention and relief, cyber security, combating cross-bordercrimesandjointlawenforcementtocreateamorepeaceful,tranquilandamicablehomeforthepeopleoftheregion.

China is ready toworkwith theASEANcountries to improve theChina-ASEANdefenseministers’meetingmechanism and hold regular dialogues onregionalsecurityissues.

WithregardtodifferencesanddisputesbetweenChinaandsomeSoutheastAsian countries on territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests,peaceful solutions should be sought, and differences and disputes should beproperly handled through equality-based dialogue and friendly consultation intheoverallinterestsofbilateraltiesandregionalstability.

Fourth,enhancemutualunderstandingandfriendship.AsaChinesesayinggoes,“Atalltreegrowsfromasmallseedling;andthebuildingofanine-storytowerstartswith the first shovelofearth.”[2]Toensure that the treeofChina-ASEANfriendshipremainsevergreen,thesoilofsocialsupportforourrelationsshouldbefertile.Lastyearsaw15millionpeopletravelingbetweenChinaandtheASEAN countries, and there are over 1,000 flights between the two sideseachweeknow.Increasedinteractionshavenurturedadeeperbondbetweenusandmadeourpeoplefeelever-closertoeachother.

Weshouldencouragemorefriendlyexchangesbetweentheyoungpeople,thinktanks,parliaments,NGOsandcivilorganizationsof thetwosides,whichwill generate further intellectual support for the growth of China-ASEANrelationsandhelpincreasethemutualunderstandingandfriendshipbetweenourpeoples. China is ready to send more volunteers to the ASEAN countries tosupporttheirdevelopmentinthecultural,educational,healthandmedicalfields.China proposes to designate 2014 as the year of China-ASEAN culturalexchanges.Chinawill provide theASEAN countrieswith 15,000 governmentscholarshipsinthecomingthreetofiveyears.

Fifth,beopenandinclusive.Theseaisvastbecauseitisfedbyallrivers.In the long course of human history, the people of China and the ASEANcountrieshavecreatedsplendidandgreatcivilizationsrenownedthroughouttheworld.Oursisadiversifiedregionwherevariouscivilizationshaveassimilatedand interacted with one another, and this has provided an important culturalfoundationforthepeopleofChinaandtheASEANcountriestogainfromeachother’sexperience.

Weshoulddrawontheexperiencegainedbyotherregionsindevelopment,and welcome countries outside the region to play a constructive role inpromoting development and stability in the region. The outside countries, ontheirpart,shouldrespectthediversityofourregionanddotheirparttofacilitateitsdevelopmentandstability.TheChina-ASEANcommunityofshareddestinyis closely linkedwith theASEANcommunity and theEastAsian community.The two sides need to give full rein to our respective strength to enhancediversity, harmony, inclusiveness and common progress in our region for thebenefitofbothourpeopleandthepeopleoutsidetheregion.

An increasingly cohesive China-ASEAN community of common destinyconforms to the trendof the timesofseekingpeace,development,cooperationandmutualbenefitandmeetsthecommoninterestsofthepeopleofAsiaandtherestoftheworld.Thisgivesitabroadspaceandhugepotentialforgrowth.

Notes

[1]Ascrollhand-writtenbyYuYu-jen(1879-1964),aneducator,scholar,calligrapherandpoliticianaswellasoneofthefoundersoftheKuomintangofChina.ItwasagifttoChiangChing-kuo(1910-1988),formerchairmanoftheKuomintangofChina.

[2]LaoZiorDaoDeJing.

DiplomacywithNeighboringCountriesCharacterizedbyFriendship,Sincerity,ReciprocityandInclusiveness*

October24,2013

*Mainpointsofthespeechataseminarontheworkofneighborhooddiplomacy.

Gooddiplomacywithneighboringcountries isa requirement for realizingthe Two Centenary Goals, and the Chinese Dream of the rejuvenation of theChinese nation. We need to work harder to promote our diplomacy withneighboring countries, strive for a sound regional environment for ourdevelopment, apply our own development for the benefit of neighboringcountries,andachievecommondevelopmentwiththem.

FollowingthefoundingofthePRCin1949,theParty’sfirstgenerationofcollectivecentralleadershipunderComradeMaoZedong,thesecondgenerationunder Comrade Deng Xiaoping, the third generation under Comrade JiangZemin, and the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as generalsecretary,allattachedhighimportancetodiplomacywithneighboringcountries.Theydevelopedimportantstrategicideasandguidingpolicies,createdasoundenvironment, and laid a solid foundation for futurediplomaticwork.After the18th National Congress, committed to ensuring continuity and stability inChina’s foreign policy, the CPC Central Committee defined, planned, andcarriedoutaseriesofmajordiplomaticinitiatives,payingparticularattentiontoneighboring countrieswhich are important to our development and diplomaticstrategy.

Regions around our borders are strategically significant to our country interms of geography, the environment, and relationships. When dealing withneighboring countries and related issues, we need a multi-dimensionalperspective that extends beyond the immediate confines of time and space.Reviewing thesituation,wecansee thatgreatchangeshave takenplace in thegeneralenvironmentandinrelationshipswithourneighbors.Oureconomicandtrade ties with neighboring countries are closer, with unprecedented levels of

exchange between them and us. Current circumstances demand that we keeppacewiththetimesandbeevermoreactiveinblueprintingdiplomaticstrategiesandundertakingdiplomaticworkwithourneighbors.

China and its neighbors are full of vigor and vitality, and show obviousstrengthsindevelopmentandhighpotential.Theregionisstableonthewhole,and most of our neighbors maintain an amicable relationship geared towardsmutualbenefitandcooperationwithChina.Wemustappreciatethesituationtothefull,deviseappropriatestrategies,andplancarefully,toperformbetterinourdiplomaticexchangeswithourneighbors.

China’s diplomacy in this area is driven by and must serve the TwoCentenaryGoalsandournationalrejuvenation.Toachievethesestrategicaims,we must create and cement friendly relations and further mutually beneficialcooperationwithneighboringcountries,maintainandmake thebestuseof thestrategicopportunitieswenowenjoy,andsafeguardChina’s state sovereignty,national security, and development interests. Togetherwemust strive to buildmore amicable political relationships and closer economic ties, to furthersecurity cooperation and to encourage more cultural and people-to-peopleexchangeswithneighboringcountries.

China’s basic policy of diplomacy with neighboring countries is to treatthem as friends and partners, to make them feel secure and to support theirdevelopment. This policy is characterized by friendship, sincerity, reciprocityandinclusiveness.FriendshipisaconsistentprincipleofChina’sdiplomacywithitsneighbors.Inadherencetothisprinciple,weneedtohelpneighborsintimesof crisis, treat themas equals, visit them frequently, and take actions thatwillwinussupportandfriendship.

In response, we hope that neighboring countries will be well inclinedtowardsus,andwehopethatChinawillhaveastrongeraffinitywiththem,andthat our appeal and our influence will grow. We must treat neighbors withsincerityandcultivate themas friendsandpartners.Weshouldcooperatewithour neighbors on the basis of reciprocity, create a closer network of commoninterests, and better integrate China’s interests with theirs, so that they canbenefitfromChina’sdevelopmentandChinacanbenefitandgainsupportfromtheirs.Weshouldadvocateinclusiveness,stressingthatthereisenoughroominthe Asia Pacific region for all countries to develop, and promoting regional

cooperationwithanopenmindandenthusiasm.Wemustembraceandpracticetheseideas,sothattheywillbecomethesharedbeliefsandnormsofconductforthewholeregion.

Ascircumstancesevolve,diplomacywithneighboringcountriesrequiresustoanalyzeanddealwithissuesstrategically,improveourcapabilitiesinplanningandimplementation,andpromoteeveryaspectofthisdiplomacy.Wemustalsodoeverythingpossibletosafeguardpeaceandstabilityintheregion.Thepathofpeacefuldevelopment is theParty’sstrategicchoice, in linewiththetimesandaligned with the fundamental interests of the country. A major aim of thisdiplomacyispeaceandstabilityintheregion.

Wemustmakeeveryefforttoachievemutuallybeneficialreciprocity.Wehavetomakeoverallplansfortheuseofourresourcesintheareasofeconomy,trade, science and technology, and finance. We must take advantage of ourcomparative strengths, accurately identify strategic points of convergence formutually beneficial cooperation with neighbors, and take an active part inregionaleconomiccooperation.Weshouldworkwithourneighborstospeedupconnectionof infrastructurebetweenChinaandourneighboringcountries,andestablishaSilkRoadEconomicBeltandaMaritimeSilkRoadgearedtowardsthe demands of the 21st century. We should accelerate the pace ofimplementation of the strategy of free trade zones with our neighboringcountriesasthebase,expandcooperationintradeandinvestment,andcreateanewpatternofregionaleconomicintegration.

Weneedtofurtheradvanceregionalfinancialcooperation,prepareforandestablish an Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and improve the regionalfinancial securitynetwork.Weshouldopen theborderareasmorequicklyandreinforce reciprocal cooperation between the border areas of China andneighboringcountries.

Wemustmake efforts to promote regional security cooperation,which isneededbybothChinaandourneighboringcountries.Anewoutlookonsecurityis required that features mutual trust and reciprocity, based on equality andcooperation. We must develop a comprehensive security strategy withneighboringcountries,activelyparticipateinregionalandsub-regionalsecurityinitiatives,pushforwardcooperationandenhancemutualtrust.

We must strengthen publicity work, public diplomacy, people-to-peopleandculturalexchangeswithneighboringcountries,andconsolidateandexpandthe social and public basis for the long-termdevelopment of our relationshipswiththem.Diplomaticrelationsrelyonthebondsbetweenpeoples.Weshouldpromote exchanges in all respects, including tourism, science, education andregional cooperation, tomake friends in a broad range of sectors.We shouldclearlypresent ourdomestic and foreignpolicies to theoutsideworld, explainChina inanacceptableway,speakoutandmakeourselvesheard, interpret theChineseDreamfromtheperspectiveofourneighborsandtheiraspirationsforabetterlifeandregionalprosperity,andletasenseofcommondestinytakeroot.

Policiesandstrategiesare the lifelinesof theParty,andofourdiplomaticwork as well. To do good diplomatic work, we must keep our eye on thesituation both at home and abroad. Our domestic focus is to realize the TwoCentenary Goals and the Chinese Dream; our international objectives are tostrive for favorable external conditions for China’s reform, development andstability,tosafeguardstatesovereignty,securityanddevelopmentinterests,andtomaintainworldpeaceandstability,andpromotecommondevelopment.Weshould seek common ground and find converging interests, stick to the soundvalues of justice and benefit, hold to principles thatwe can act upon, cherishfriendship and righteousness, and offer any assistance to developing countriesthat is within our means. For best results we need to promote reform andinnovation in diplomatic work and strengthen the planning of our diplomaticactivities.Toachievegreaterprogressweshouldbuildageneral framework tocoordinate diplomaticwork,weigh every relevant factor, andgive full play toeverydepartmentinvolved.

Diplomatic work with neighboring countries is arduous and demanding.Those charged with this responsibility must have a sense of mission andurgency. They must bear in mind the purpose of this work, improve theircompetence and working practices, devote themselves to the task, be bold inassumingresponsibilitiesandmakinginnovations,andengageinthisworkwithdriveandenthusiasm.

CooperationwithDevelopingCountries

BeTrustworthyFriendsandSincerePartnersForever*

March25,2013

*SpeechattheJuliusNyerereInternationalConventionCenterinDaresSalaam,Tanzania.

YourExcellencyPresidentJakayaMrishoKikwete,

Ladiesandgentlemen,

Dearfriends,

Habari[1]!Habari!Itbothgivesmegreatpleasureandfillsmewithwarmthto meet so many friends here at the Julius Nyerere International ConventionCenter.

ThisismyfirstvisittoAfricaastheChinesepresidentbutmysixthvisittothe African continent. The moment I set foot on this beautiful land, I wasoverwhelmed by the friendship of the Tanzanian people towards the Chinesepeople. The government and people of Tanzania held a special and grandwelcomingceremonyforme.Itshowsnotonlytheimportanceyouaccordtomeandmydelegation,butalsotheprofoundtraditionalfriendshipbetweenthetwocountriesandtwopeoples.

Let me begin by extending, on behalf of the Chinese government andpeopleandinmyownname,warmgreetingsandbestwishestoall thefriendspresent todayandtothebrotherlypeopleofTanzaniaandacrossAfrica.Ialsowish to thankyou,PresidentKikwete,and theTanzaniangovernment foryourwarmhospitality.

Tanzania is a cradle of mankind. The Tanzanian people have a glorioustradition, and you have made a substantial contribution to the victory of theAfricanpeople’sstrugglesforindependenceandtheirfightsagainstapartheid.

Under the leadership of President Kikwete, Tanzania has maintained

politicalstability,madebigstridesindevelopment,andplayedanimportantroleinAfricanandinternationalaffairs.TheChinesepeoplerejoiceatwhatyouhaveachieved and sincerely wish the brotherly people of Tanzania new and stillgreatersuccess.

WhenIvisitAfrica,Iamalwaysstruckbytwothings.Oneisitscontinuousprogress.EachtimeIcometoAfrica,Iamdeeplyimpressedbynewprogressindevelopment,whichismostencouraging.TheotheristhewarmthoftheAfricanpeople. The goodwill of the African people towards the Chinese people is aswarmandunforgettableasthesunshineinAfrica.

AsanAfricansayinggoes,“Ariverrunsdeepbecauseofitssource.”Thefriendly exchanges between China and Africa date back a long time. In the1950s and 60s, the first-generation leaders of the PRC –Mao Zedong, ZhouEnlai[2] and others – and African statesmen of the older generation usheredChina-Africa relations into a new era. Since then, the Chinese and Africanpeoples have supported and cooperated with each other in our respectiveendeavors to fight against colonialism and imperialism andwin independenceand liberation, and in the pursuit of development and national renewal. Afraternalbondofshareddestinyhasbeenforgedbetweenus.

Today,thankstotheconcertedeffortsofbothsides,China-Africarelationsare on a fast track of all-round development. We have set up the Forum onChina-AfricaCooperation[3]andestablishedanewtypeofstrategicpartnership.Our cooperation in various fields has delivered many gains. In 2012, China-Africa trade approachedUS$200 billion-worth.Over 1.5millionmutual visitswere made between the two sides. China’s cumulative direct investment inAfrica topped US$15 billion. This year marks the 50th anniversary of thedispatch ofChinesemedical teams toAfrica. In the past five decades, 18,000Chinesemedicalpersonnelhaveworked inAfrica,providingmedicalcareandtreatmentto250millionlocalpatients.

TheAfricanpeople,ontheirpart,havegivenfullsupportandselflesshelptotheChinesepeople.Whenthe2008BeijingOlympictorchrelaycametoDaresSalaam, theTanzanian peoplewelcomed theOlympic flamewith song anddance,asifcelebratingtheirownfestival.ThisjubilantoccasionisetchedinthememoryoftheChinesepeople.

InthewakeofthedevastatingearthquakeinWenchuan,Africancountriesrushed to China’s assistance. AnAfrican country, with a population of fewerthantwomillionandnotwell-offitself,madeagenerousdonationoftwomillionEuros to the quake area – about one Euro per person! This outpouring ofcompassionwarmedourhearts.

In regional and international affairs, China and Africa have stepped upcoordinationandcollaboration,andsuccessfullyupheldthecommoninterestsofdeveloping countries. Friendship and cooperation between the Chinese andAfricanpeopleshavebecomea symbolofChina-Africa relations andarewellregardedbytheinternationalcommunity.

Our joint endeavors and the fruitful results therefrom over the past fivedecades have laid a solid groundwork and provided valuable experience forfurtheringChina-Africarelations.

–AreviewofthisperiodofhistoryshowsthatChina-Africarelationshavenot grown to this stage overnight, nor are they a gift from some third party.Rather,theyhavebeennurturedandbuilt,stepbystep,byourtwosidesovertheyearsaswemetchallengesandfaceddifficultiestogether.AsaChinesesayinggoes,“Whenwedrinkwaterfromthewell,weshouldnotforgetthosewhodugit.” We will always honor the memory of all those pioneers who devotedthemselves to building China-Africa relations. As we move ahead, we canalwaysdrawstrengthfromhistory.

– A review of this period of history shows that China and Africa havealways shared a common destiny. Similar historical experience, commondevelopment tasks and shared strategic interests have bound us together. Webothviewtheother’sdevelopmentasourownopportunity,andwebothseektopromotemutualdevelopmentandprosperitythroughclosercooperation.

– A review of this period of history shows that the defining features ofChina-Africarelationsaresincerity,friendship,mutualrespect,equality,mutualbenefit and common development.We get alongwell and treat each other asequals.Neithersideseekstoimposeitswillontheother.ChinahasdoneitsbesttohelpAfrica’sdevelopment.YetChinaisalwaysgratefultoAfricancountriesand peoples for their firm support and selfless help over the years.On issuesinvolving the core interests of either side,we have taken a clear position and

givenunequivocalsupporttoeachother.

–AndareviewofthisperiodofhistoryshowsthatifwearetomaintainthestrongvitalityofChina-Africarelations,wemustkeeppacewiththetimesandforgeahead inan innovativeandenterprisingspirit.Over thepast50years,atevery crucial juncture of China-Africa relations, both sides were able toapproach these relations with vision, identify new converging interests andgrowthareasforcooperation,andbringbilateralrelationstonewheights.Suchanenterprisingspiritof“cuttingawaythroughwhenconfrontedbymountainsandbuildingabridgewhenblockedbyariver”iscrucialforsteadilyupgradingChina-Africacooperation.

Ladiesandgentlemen,

China-Africa relations, enjoying a favorable international and domesticenvironmentaswellaspopularsupport,standatanewhistoricalstartingpoint.Africa,acontinentofhopeandpromise,hasbecomeoneofthefastest-growingregionsintheworldandisforgingaheadlikeagallopingAfricanlion.China,onitspart,continuestoenjoyasounddevelopmentmomentum.ThefoundationofChina-Africacooperation ismore solid, andourcooperationmechanismshavebeenfurtherimproved.AdvancingChina-Africacooperationrepresentsthetrendofthetimesandthewillofourpeoples.

This iswhat Iwant to tell you,my dear friends: In this new era,China-Africarelationshavebecomemoreimportantwithincreasingcommoninterests,insteadoflessimportantwithfewercommoninterests.Chinawillintensify,notweaken,itseffortstodeveloprelationswithAfrica.

First,wewillcontinuetotreatourAfricanfriendswithsincerity.Nothingismorevaluablethantruefriends.TheChina-Africatraditionalfriendshipiswhatwe cherish dearly. Unity and cooperationwith African countries have alwaysbeenanimportantfoundationofChina’sforeignpolicy.Thiswillneverchange,even should China grow stronger and enjoy a higher international standing.Chinabelievesinequalityamongallcountries,bigorsmall,strongorweak,richorpoor.Chinaupholds justiceandopposes thepracticeof thebigbullyingthesmall,thestronglordingovertheweak,andtherichoppressingthepoor,justasitopposesinterferenceinothers’internalaffairs.ChinaandAfricawillcontinuetosupporteachotheronissuesinvolvingtheircoreinterestsandmajorconcerns.

China will continue to firmly support Africa’s just position on regional andinternationalaffairs,anduphold thecommoninterestsofdevelopingcountries.Chinawill continue to firmly supportAfrica in its endeavors to independentlyresolveAfricanissues,andmakeagreatercontributiontopeaceandsecurityinAfrica.

Thereisnoone-size-fits-alldevelopmentmodelintheworld.Thediversityofcivilizationsanddevelopmentmodelsshouldberespectedbyall.ChinawillcontinuetofirmlysupportAfricancountriesintheirquestfordevelopmentpathsthat suit their national conditions and increase exchanges of experience ingovernancewithAfricancountries.Thiswillenableustodrawoneachother’stime-honored civilizations and development practices, and better promote thecommondevelopmentandprosperityofChinaandAfrica.

To all Chinese, “harmony in the family leads to success in everything.”Africaisabigfamilyofshareddestiny.Thisyearmarksthe50thanniversaryofthefoundingoftheOrganizationofAfricanUnity–amilestoneintheAfricanpeople’spursuitofgreaterstrengththroughunity.WesincerelyhopethatAfricawillmakebiggerstridesinseekingstrengthfromunityandachievenewsuccessinpeaceanddevelopment,andwewillfirmlysupportAfricainthisendeavor.

China isdedicated todevelopingstrong tieswithAfrica.Wealsohope tosee better relations between other countries and Africa. Africa belongs to theAfricanpeople.InpromotingrelationswithAfrica,allcountriesshouldrespectAfrica’sdignityandindependence.

Second,we seek to deliver real outcomes in conducting cooperationwithAfrica.ChinabothchampionsandappliesmutuallybeneficialcooperationwithAfrica. China views its own development as closely connected with that ofAfricaandtheinterestsoftheChinesepeopleascloselyconnectedwiththoseoftheAfricanpeople.ChinasharesdevelopmentopportunitieswithAfrica.Chinasincerely hopes to see faster development in Africa and a better life for theAfrican people. While pursuing its own development, China has providedsupport and assistance to African friends to the best of our ability. In recentyears, in particular, China has increased assistance to and cooperation withAfrica.WewillhonoreverycommitmentwehavemadetoAfricainbothletterandspirit.

Chinawill continue to expand investment and financing cooperationwithAfrica, followthroughon thecommitmentofprovidingaUS$20billioncreditlinetoAfricafrom2013to2015,implementthepartnershipontransnationalandtrans-regional infrastructural development, enhance mutually beneficialcooperationinagricultureandmanufacturing,andhelpAfricaexploititswealthofresources,andachieveindependentandsustainabledevelopment.

Asthesayinggoes,“Itismorehelpfultoteachpeoplehowtofishthantojust give them fish.” China will actively implement the “African TalentProgram,” train 30,000African professionals in various areas, provide 18,000government scholarships to Africa between 2013 and 2015, and increasetechnologytransferandexperiencesharingwithAfrica.

Asitsowneconomyandstrengthincrease,ChinawillcontinuetoprovidedueassistancetoAfricawithnopoliticalstringsattached.

Third,wewillcontinuetobuildaclosebondoffriendshipwithAfrica.TheChinese and African peoples share a natural feeling of affinity towards eachother. We Chinese believe that “the pleasure of life lies in having bosomfriends.”ThenhowcanChinaandAfricabecomebosomfriends?Ibelievethatin-depthdialogueandconcreteactionarethewaytostrikeachordinourhearts.

OurtwopeoplesformthefoundationandlifelineofChina-Africarelations.Therefore,thegrowthofourrelationsshouldbemorepeople-oriented.Inrecentyears, growingChina-Africa relationshavebroughtourpeoples closer to eachother thaneverbefore.SomeAfricanperformershavebecomepopularstars inChina.Great Life of a Wife, a Chinese TV series about how life unfolds inordinaryChinesefamilies,hasbecomequiteahitinTanzania.

Letme tell you a story about a young Chinese couple.When theywerechildren, they got to know aboutAfrica fromChineseTVprograms and havesincebeencaptivatedby thiscontinent.Later, theygotmarriedanddecided tomakeTanzania theirhoneymoondestination.So,on their firstValentine’sDayafter thewedding, they came here on a visit. Theywere overwhelmed by thehospitality and friendship of the local people and the magnificent savanna ofSerengeti. After the couple returned to China, they posted what they hadexperienced inTanzaniaon theirblog,whichwasvisited tensof thousandsoftimesandreceivedseveralhundredcomments.Thisiswhattheywroteontheir

blog,“Wehave fallenheadoverheels in lovewithAfrica,andourheartswillforeverbewith this fascinating land.”Thisstoryhighlights thenaturalaffinitybetween the Chinese and African peoples. As long as we keep expandingpeople-to-people exchanges, friendship between our peoples will strike deeprootsandflourish.

We will further boost people-to-people and cultural exchanges betweenChina andAfrica so as to enhancemutual understanding and perception, andincrease public support for China-Africa friendship. To promote China-Africarelations is a cause for the future, an undertaking that calls for unremittingeffortsofyoungpeopleinChinaandAfricafromgenerationtogeneration.Bothsides should vigorously promote youth exchanges so that China-Africafriendshipwillbefullofvigorandvitality.

Fourth,wewill resolve problems thatmay occur in our cooperationwithgoodfaith.ChinaandAfricaarebothexperiencingrapiddevelopmentandeachneedstolearnmoreabouttheother.Chinawilldealwithnewdevelopmentsandnewproblemsconfrontingour relationswith sincerity.Weshouldhandle suchproblemsinaspiritofmutualrespectandmutuallybeneficialcooperation.

Iamconvincedthattherewillalwaysbemoreopportunitiesthanchallengesandmoresolutionsthandifficulties.TogetherwiththeAfricancountries,Chinahastakenandwillcontinuetotakeconcretemeasurestoresolveproblemsinoureconomiccooperationandtrade,andwewillmakesurethatAfricagainsmorefrom its cooperation with China. At the same time, we sincerely hope thatAfrican countries will help Chinese enterprises and businessmen in pursuingcooperationinAfrica.

Ladiesandgentlemen,

Since thebirthof thePRCmore than60yearsago,andparticularlysincetheintroductionofthereformandopening-uppolicymorethan30yearsago,theCPC has led theChinese people in opening a path of socialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Chinahasmadehistoricprogress in itsdevelopment,becomingthe second largest economy in the world. China’s comprehensive nationalstrength has grown significantly, and our people’s living standards haveimprovedmarkedly. Itonly tookChina,acountryofover1.3billionpeople,afewdecadestotravelajourneythattookdevelopedcountriesseveralcenturiesto

cover. One can easily imagine how many challenges and difficulties Chinaencounteredintheseyears.

At present, China remains a populous country with a weak economicfoundation and uneven development. Our aggregate GDP is quite large.However,whendividedby1.3billion,China’spercapitaGDP isonlyaroundthe90thplaceintheworld.Some128millionChinesearestilllivingbelowthepovertylinesetbytheUnitedNations.Toprovideadecentlifefortheover1.3billion people, we still have a long way to go, and persistent and strenuousefforts are called for. As China continues to develop, its people will surelyachieve a better life.However, nomatter how strong itmaygrow,ChinawillalwaysseeinAfricaatriedandtestedfriend.

Ladiesandgentlemen,

ChinacannotdevelopinisolationfromtherestoftheworldorAfrica.Ontheir part, both the rest of the world and Africa also need China to seekprosperity and stability.Though there is abroadoceanbetweenus,ChinaandAfricashareastrongempathy.Weareboundnotonlybyprofound traditionalfriendshipandclosely-linkedinterests,butalsobythedreamsweeachhave.

More than 1.3 billion Chinese are working hard to realize the ChineseDreamofgreatnationalrenewal,andmorethanonebillionAfricansarestrivingto realize the African dream of gaining strength through unity and achievingdevelopmentandrejuvenation.WeChineseandAfricansshouldenhanceunity,cooperation,mutualsupportandassistancesoastofulfillourdreams.Weshouldalso work with the international community to realize the global dream ofenduring peace and common prosperity, and make a new and even greatercontributiontothenoblecauseofpeaceanddevelopmentofmankind.

Asantenisana[4]!

Notes

[1]Habari,Swahili,meaning“Hello.”

[2] ZhouEnlai (1898-1976)was aMarxist, Chinese proletarian revolutionary, statesman,militarystrategist and diplomat, as well as one of the major leaders of the Communist Party of China and thePeople’sRepublicofChina,andco-founderoftheChinesePeople’sLiberationArmy.

[3] The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation is a new platform for collective dialogues andcooperation between China and African countries – an effective mechanism to promote South-Southcooperation.TheFirstMinisterialConferencewasheld inOctober2000 inBeijing.TheBeijingSummitand theThirdMinisterialConferencewas held inNovember 2006, also inBeijing, attended byChineseleadersand48headsofstateandgovernmentandrepresentativesfromAfrica.TheBeijingSummitpassedtheDeclarationof theBeijingSummitof theForumonChina-AfricaCooperationandForumonChina-Africa Cooperation – Beijing Action Plan (2007-2009), confirming a new type of strategic partnershipbetweenChinaandAfrica.

[4]Asantenisana,Swahili,meaning“Thankyou.”

ForgeaStrongerPartnershipBetweenChinaandLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean*

June5,2013

*PartofthespeechattheSenateofMexico,MexicoCity,Mexico.

Onceagain,visitingLatinAmerica,avibrantandpromisingcontinent,Iamall themore convinced thatwith its rich natural endowment, this continent isembracing another golden period of development. We believe that a moreprosperous Latin America and the Caribbeanwill benefit both the rest of theworldandChina.

Our relationswith this areahavenowenteredaperiodofopportunity forrapid growth.We should be visionary in approach, keep abreast of the times,build on traditional friendship, enhance exchanges in all areas, and upgradecooperation.Insodoing,wecanforgeastrongerpartnershipofcomprehensivecooperationfeaturingequality,mutualbenefitandcommondevelopment.

Politically,we should treat each other as sincere friends, and continue toshow understanding and support for each other on issues involving the coreinterestsandmajorconcernsofbothsides.

Economically,weshouldseizeopportunitiescreatedbytheshiftofgrowthmodel on both sides, fully tap cooperation potential, create new cooperationmodalities, expand converging interests and foster an enduring, stable andmutuallybeneficialbusinesspartnership.

Culturally, we should enhance inter-civilizational dialogue and culturalexchanges.As aChinese saying goes, “One should value not only one’s ownculture,butalsotheculturesofothers,andthiswillcontributetotheflourishingofallcultures.”[1]Ihopewewilldevelopamutuallyreinforcingandexemplaryrelationshipofharmonybetweendifferentcivilizations.

I hope that we will work together to launch the Forum of China-Latin

America and theCaribbeanCooperation at an early date.We should give fullrein to our respective strengths, build a strong partnership of comprehensivecooperation, and thus contribute more to stability and prosperity in the AsiaPacificregion.

AsaChineseproverbgoes,“Justasdistancetestsahorse’sstrength, timewill show a person’s sincerity.” The growth of China-Latin America and theCaribbeanrelationshasprovedandwillcontinuetoprovethatoursisanopen,inclusive, mutually beneficial and cooperative relationship.We are convincedthat a stronger partnership of comprehensive cooperation will boost thedevelopmentofboth sidesaswell as thepeace, stabilityandprosperityofourrespectiveregionsandtheworldasawhole.

Notes

[1] Fei Xiaotong: Appreciating Others’ Cultures and Human Civilizations, Chinese ed., InnerMongolia People’s Publishing House, Hohhot, 2009, p. 262. Fei Xiaotong (1910-2005) was a Chinesesociologist,anthropologistandsocialactivist.HeservedasvicechairmanoftheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople’sCongressandvicechairmanoftheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference.

PromotetheSilkRoadSpirit,StrengthenChina-ArabCooperation*

June5,2014

* Speech at the opening ceremony of the SixthMinisterial Conference of the China-Arab StatesCooperationForum.

YourExcellencyPrimeMinisterJaber,

Secretary-GeneralElArabyoftheLeagueofArabStates,

Headsofdelegations,

Ladiesandgentlemen,

Dearfriends,

AlSalamaleikum[1]!Goodmorning!Iamveryhappytodaytogettogetherwith our Arab friends and discuss the development of the China-Arab StatesCooperation Forum (CASCF)[2] and China-Arab relations. Let me begin byextending,onbehalfoftheChinesegovernmentandourpeopleandinmyownname, a warm welcome to all the guests, and let me offer my heartycongratulations on the convening of the sixth ministerial conference of theCASCF!

Arabfriendsalwaysfeellikeoldfriendstome.Thisisattributablebothtothewarmand sincere attitudewithwhichwe treat eachother, and to the longhistoryofexchangesbetweentheChineseandArabpeoples.

Lookingbackon thehistoryofexchangesbetween theChineseandArabpeoples, we immediately think of the land Silk Road and the maritime spiceroute.Our ancestors “crossed the desert formonths on endonpost-horses,”[3]

and“sailed theoceansdayandnight,”[4]putting themselvesat theforefrontoffriendlyexchangesbetweendifferentnationsintheancientworld.

GanYing[5],ZhengHe,andIbnBattuta[6]weregoodwillenvoysforChina-Arabexchangeswhomwestillremembertoday.ItwasbywayoftheSilkRoadthatChina’sfourgreatinventions–paper-making,gunpowder,printing,andthecompass–were transmittedvia theArab region toEurope,and itwasalsobyway of the Silk Road that the Arabs’ astronomy, calendrical system, andmedicineswereintroducedtoChina,markinganimportantchapterinthehistoryofexchangesandmutuallearningbetweencivilizations.

ForhundredsofyearsthespiritembodiedbytheSilkRoad,namelypeaceand cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning, and mutualbenefit,haspasseddownthroughthegenerations.TheChineseandArabpeopleshavesupportedeachotherinmaintainingnationaldignityandsafeguardingstatesovereignty,helpedeachotherinexploringdevelopmentandachievingnationalrejuvenation,andlearnedfromeachother inencouragingpeople-to-peopleandculturalexchangesandrevitalizingnationalculture.

We will not forget the promise to support the cause of the Palestinianpeople that China made to the Arab states – with which we had not yetestablished diplomatic relations – at theBandungConference[7] 60 years ago.Norwillweforgetthevotescastover40yearsagoby13Arabstates,togetherwithourAfricanfriends,forthePRCtoregainitsUNseat.Wewillnotforgetthe10,000ChinesedoctorswhoworkedtosavelivesintheArabstates.NorwillweforgetthemostgenerousaidChinareceivedfromourArabbrothersafterthemassiveWenchuanearthquake.

Ladiesandgentlemen,dearfriends,

ThenextdecadewillbeacrucialperiodforthedevelopmentofbothChinaandtheArabstates.Chinahasenteredadecisivephaseinitsdrivetocompletethe building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and thefulfillmentof thisgoal representsacrucialstep towards theChineseDreamofnational rejuvenation. To do so, we have made overall plans for driving ourreform to a deeper level. A key focus of this drive is to develop all-roundinternational cooperation within an open economic system of quality andvitality,andtoexpandourcommoninterestswithvariouscountriesandregionsin pursuit ofmutual benefit. TheMiddle East is in a phase of unprecedentedchange,andtheArabstatesaremakingeffortstoseekreformintheirownway.ThechallengeofachievingnationalrenewalcallsonustocarryforwardtheSilk

Road spirit, bolster development and cooperation, and constantly reinforce astrategic China-Arab relationship of comprehensive cooperation and commondevelopment.

TopromotetheSilkRoadspirit,weneedtoboostmutuallearningbetweencivilizations. There is no such thing as a good or a bad civilization. Rather,differentcivilizationsareenrichedthroughexchange.AsaChinesephilosophersaid, “The matching of different colors leads to greater beauty, and thecombination of different musical instruments creates harmony and peace.”[8]China and the Arab states have always viewed each other with an open andinclusiveattitude,andengaged indialoguesandexchangesrather thanconflictand confrontation. We have set a good example of harmonious coexistencebetweencountrieswithdifferentsocialsystems,beliefs,andcultural traditions.Chinawill never falter in its support for theArab states in safeguarding theirnational cultural traditions, and will oppose all discrimination and prejudiceagainst any ethnic groups and religions.We shouldwork together to advocatetolerancetowardsdifferentcivilizations,andpreventextremistforcesandideasfromcreatingdivisionbetweenus.

TopromotetheSilkRoadspirit,weneedtorespecteachother’schoiceofdevelopmentpath.“Peopledon’tneedtowearthesameshoes;theyshouldfindwhat suit their feet. Governments don’t have to adopt the same model ofgovernance;theyshouldfindwhatbenefitstheirpeople.”[9]Whetherthepathofacountryistherightoneisamattertobedecidedbyitspeople.Justaswedonot expect all flowers to be violets, we cannot demand that countries withdiverse cultural traditions, historical experiences, and contemporary nationalconditions should adopt the same developmentmode. Thatwouldmake for adullworld.TheArab states aremaking their ownefforts to explore their owndevelopmentpaths.Wearewillingtoshareourexperienceofgovernancewithour Arab friends, so that each can draw on the wisdom of the other’s time-honoredcivilizationanddevelopmentmode.

Topromote theSilkRoadspirit,weneed to focusonmutuallybeneficialcooperation.WhatChinapursuesiscommondevelopment,whichmeansweareaiming for a better life for the Chinese people and for the peoples of othercountries. In the next five years, China’s importswill surpassUS$10 trillion-worth, and our outward FDI will surpass US$500 billion. In 2013, China’s

imports from theArab stateswereworthUS$140 billion, accounting for only7%oftheannualUS$2trillioninimportedgoodsthatChinaplansfortheyearsahead; and China’s outward FDI to the Arab states was US$2.2 billion,accounting for only 2.2% of the US$100 billion in annual outward FDI thatChina plans for the years ahead. These facts represent an indicator of greatpotentialandopportunity.Chinaishappytoconnectitsowndevelopmentwiththe development of the Arab states, and to support them in promotingemployment,industrializationandeconomicgrowth.

TopromotetheSilkRoadspirit,weneedtoadvocatedialogueandpeace.ChinafirmlysupportstheMiddleEastpeaceprocessandtheestablishmentofanindependentStateofPalestine,withfullsovereignty,basedonthe1967borders,andwithEast Jerusalemas its capital.Wehope the parties involvedwill takeconcretemeasurestoremoveobstaclestopeacetalksandbreakthestalemateassoonaspossible.China respects the reasonabledemandsof theSyrianpeople,andsupportstheearlyadoptionoftheGenevacommuniquéandtheopeningofaninclusivepoliticaltransition,tobringaboutapoliticalresolutiontotheSyrianissue.ChinaisdeeplyconcernedaboutthehumanitariansituationinSyria,andwillprovideanewbatchofhumanitarianaid toSyrian refugees inJordanandLebanontoalleviate theirplight.Chinasupports theestablishmentofaMiddleEastnuclear-weapon-freezone,andopposesanyattempttochangethepoliticallandscape of theMiddle East. China will play a constructive role in regionalaffairs,speakupforjustice,andworkwiththeArabstatestoencouragedialogueasaway to find thegreatest commondenominatoron issuesof concern toallparties. We will direct a greater level of diplomatic effort to the propersettlementofregionalflashpoints.


The“OneBeltandOneRoad,”namely theSilkRoadEconomicBeltandthe Maritime Silk Road of the 21st Century, represent paths towards mutualbenefitwhichwillbringaboutclosereconomicintegrationamongthecountriesinvolved, promote development of their infrastructure and institutionalinnovation, create new economic and employment growth areas, and enhancetheircapacity toachieveendogenousgrowthand toprotect themselvesagainstrisks.

AsfriendsbroughttogetherbytheSilkRoad,ChinaandtheArabstatesare

naturalpartnersinajointefforttodevelopthe“OneBeltandOneRoad.”

Todevelopthe“OneBeltandOneRoad,”thetwosidesneedtofollowtheprinciples of discussion, joint development, and sharing of benefits.“Discussion” requires that we pool collective wisdom and carry out relevantinitiativesthroughnegotiations,sothat theinterestsandconcernsofbothsidesare balanced, and the wisdom and ideas of both sides are reflected. “Jointdevelopment” requires thatwe give full play to the strengths and potential ofbothsides,sothatacombinationofeffortswillleadtosustainedprogress.Asthesayinggoes, “A tower canbebuilt one stone at a time; apool canbe formedfrom single drops of water.” So we must persist in doing so. “Sharing ofbenefits” requires that both peoples benefit equally from the fruits ofdevelopment,withaviewtojoiningChinaandtheArabstatesevenmorecloselythroughoursharedinterestsanddestiny.

Todevelopthe“OneBeltandOneRoad,”thetwosidesneedtobebothfar-sightedanddown-to-earth.Tobefar-sighted,weneedtoproducetheoptimumtop-level design, identify our orientation and goals, and establish a “1+2+3”cooperationpattern.

“1” refers to cooperation in energy as the core. We will strengthencooperation in thewhole industrial chain of oil and natural gas, safeguard thesecurityofenergytransportcorridors,andestablishmutuallybeneficial,safeandreliablestrategiccooperationinenergybasedonlong-termfriendship.

“2” refers to “twowings” – one being infrastructure and the other beingtrade and investment. We will strengthen cooperation on major developmentprograms and landmark projects for public well-being, and devise relevantinstitutionalmechanisms to facilitatebilateral tradeand investment.Chinawillencourage itsenterprises to importmorenon-oilproducts fromtheArabstatesandoptimize its trade structure, in abid to increase thebilateral tradevolumefrom last year’s US$240 billion-worth toUS$600 billion-worth in the decadeahead. China will also encourage its enterprises to invest in energy,petrochemicals, agriculture, manufacturing, and services in the Arab states,aiming to increase China’s investment in the non-financial sector in theArabstates from last year’s US$10 billion to over US$60 billion in the followingdecade.

“3” refers to using three advanced technologies – nuclear energy, spacesatellitesandnewenergy–asbreakthroughleversinanefforttoraisethelevelof pragmatic China-Arab cooperation. The two sides may discuss theestablishmentof technologytransfercenters, jointlydeveloptrainingcenters intheArabstatesfor thepeacefuluseofnuclearenergy,and launchprogramstointroduceChina’sBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystemtotheArabstates.

To be down-to-earth, we need to aim for quick successes. As an Arabproverbgoes,“Wordsprovedbyactionarethemostpowerful.”Weneedtostepupnegotiationsonprogramsonwhichconsensushasalreadybeenreachedandfor which the foundations have been laid – programs such as the Free TradeArea between China and the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of theGulf, the China-United Arab Emirates Joint Investment Fund, and the Arabstates’ participation in thepreparations for theAsian Infrastructure InvestmentBank.Theseprogramsmustbelaunchedassoonastheconditionsareripe.Thesoonerwehave substantial results to show from thedevelopment of the “OneBeltandOneRoad,” theeasier itwillbe tokeepthevariouspartiesmotivatedandsetexamplesforotherprograms.

The two sides need to rely on and enhance the traditional friendshipbetween China and the Arab states. The fostering of friendship between thepeoplesofthetwosidesrepresentsakeyfoundationandanimportantelementofthe“OneBeltandOneRoad.”Iherebydeclare thatChinaand theArabstateshavedecidedtodesignate2014and2015asYearsofChina-ArabFriendshipandto hold a series of friendly exchange events.We are also willing to enhancecultural exchanges by hosting arts festivals, to encourage more students toengageinsocialexchangeswiththeothersidesuchasstudy,andtostrengthencooperation in tourism, aviation, journalism, and publishing. In the next threeyearsChinawilltrainanother6,000Arabpeopleinvariousskillstobeappliedin theArab states.Wewill shareour experiencesofdevelopment andpovertyalleviation with the Arab states, and introduce those of our advancedtechnologies that are suited to their needs. In the next decade, China willorganize mutual visits and exchanges by 10,000 Chinese and Arab artists,promote and support dedicated cooperation between 200 Chinese and Arabcultural institutions, and invite and support 500 Arab cultural and artisticpersonagestostudyinChina.


The establishment of theCASCFwas a strategic step taken for the long-term development of China-Arab relations. After 10 years, the Forum hasbecomeaneffectivemeansbywhichweareabletoenrichthestrategiccontentof China-Arab relations and promote pragmatic cooperation between the twosides.Ourjointeffortstodevelopthe“OneBeltandOneRoad”representanewopportunityandanewstartingpointforupgradingtheForum.Onlybyseizingthisopportunitywillwebeabletomaintainourcurrentprogresswhileensuringsustainabledevelopmentinthefuture;andonlybystartingfromthisnewpointwill we be able to broaden our prospects and give further impetus todevelopment. In one sentence, the Forum needs to serve as the basis of andsupportforfurtherdevelopmentbetweenthetwosides.

WeshouldtaketheForumasalevertoenhancecommunicationonpolicy.Instead of sidestepping the differences and problems between us, we need totreateachother ina frankandhonestway,communicatewitheachotherwithregard to our respective foreign policies and development strategies, enhancepolitical trust, and facilitate coordination strategies, with a view to providingpolicysupportforourcooperation.

WeshouldtaketheForumasalevertoextendcooperationinapragmaticfashion.Thedevelopmentinitiativesofbothsidesaremutuallycomplementary.We need to promote the sharing of resources on both sides, and talk andcooperate with each other with the greatest possible frankness and sincerity.Insteadoftryingtoachieveheadline-grabbingsuccesses,collectivecooperationshouldaimformeasuresthatlaythefoundationsforlong-termdevelopment.

We should take the Forum as a lever to forge ahead with innovation.Innovationconstitutes the lifebloodof theForum.The twosidesneed toadoptnew ideas, new measures, and new mechanisms in a bid to resolve thedifficulties that we encounter in pragmatic cooperation, and clear practicalbottlenecksandunlockpotentialforcooperationthroughaspiritofreformandinnovation.


TherapiddevelopmentofChina-Arabrelationshascreatedacloselinkinthedestinyof thepeoplesofboth sides. InZhejiangProvincewhere Iused to

work, there is a Jordanian businessman namedMuhamadwho runs a genuineArabian restaurant inYiwuCity,where a lot ofArab business people gather.Through bringing genuineArabian cuisine toYiwu, he has achieved businesssuccessinthisprosperousChinesecity,andhasgoneontomarryaChinesegirlandsettledowninChina.IntegratinghisowngoalswiththeChinesedreamofhappiness, thisyoungArabmanhasbuiltamarvelous life forhimself throughhisperseverance–heembodiesaperfectcombinationoftheChineseDreamandtheArabDream.

BoththeChineseandtheArabnationshavecreatedsplendidcivilizations,and both have experienced setbacks amidst the changing times of modernhistory.Therefore,nationalrejuvenationhasbecomethegoalofbothsides.LetusworkshouldertoshouldertopromotetheSilkRoadspirit,strengthenChina-Arabcooperation,realizetheChineseDreamandArabrevitalization,andstrivefortheloftycauseofpeaceanddevelopmentforhumankind!

Shukran[10]!Thankyou!

Notes

[1]AlSalamaleikum,Arabic,meaning“Hello.”

[2] Consisting of China and the 22member states of the League ofArab States, theChina-ArabStatesCooperationForumwasestablishedonJanuary30,2004,aimingatstrengtheningthedialogueandcooperationbetweenChinaandtheArabstatestopromotepeaceanddevelopment.

[3] FanYe:The Book of EasternHan (HouHan Shu). FanYe (398-445) was a historian of theNorthernandSouthernDynasties.

[4]Records of theManifestation of the Goddess’ Power (Tian Fei Ling Ying Zhi Ji), commonlyknown as the “Inscription byZhengHe,” records the sevenvoyages byZhengHe to thewestern ocean(IndianOcean).Seenote4,p.288.

[5]GanYing(datesunknown)wasanenvoyoftheEasternHanDynasty.BeingsenttotheRomanEmpirein97,GanYingtraveledtoasfarasthePersianGulfbeforereturning.AlthoughhedidnotreachRome,hismissionservedtoenhanceChina’sknowledgeofCentralAsiancountries.

[6]IbnBattuta(1304-1377)wasaMoroccanexplorer.

[7] The Bandung Conferencewas ameeting of India, Indonesia, Burma (Myanmar), Ceylon (SriLanka),Pakistan,China,and23otherAsianandAfricancountries,whichtookplaceduringApril18-24,1955,inBandung,Indonesia.

[8]FengYoulan:“Inscriptionon theMonumentofNationalSouthwesternAssociatedUniversity,”

Complete Works of Sansongtang (San Song Tang Quan Ji), Vol. 14, Chinese ed., Henan People’sPublishing House, Zhengzhou, 2000, p. 154. Feng Youlan (1895-1990) was a Chinese philosopher andhistorianofphilosophy.

[9]WeiYuan:CollectedWorksofWeiYuan(WeiYuanJi).WeiYuan(1794-1857)wasa thinker,Confucianclassicist,historian,andpoetoftheQingDynasty.

[10]Shukran,Arabic,meaning“Thankyou.”

HoldingtalkswithRussianPresidentVladimirPutinintheKremlin,Moscow,Russia,March22,2013.

SpeakingattheJuliusNyerereInternationalConventionCenterinDaresSalaam,Tanzania,March25,2013.

AttendingtheFifthBRICSSummitinDurban,SouthAfrica,March27,2013.

Withstateleadersandheadsofinternationalorganizations,attheBoaoForumforAsiaAnnualConference2013,heldinHainanProvince,April7,2013.

Visitingafarmingfamilywithhiswife,PengLiyuan,duringastatevisittoCostaRica,June3,2013.

MeetingwithUSPresidentBarackObamaatSunnylands,California,USA,June7,2013.

AttendingtheEighthG20SummitinSt.Petersburg,Russia,September6,2013.

Takingpartinthe13thSCOSummitinBishkek,Kyrgyzstan,September13,2013.

Attendingthe21stAPECEconomicLeaders’Meeting,Bali,Indonesia,October8,2013.

Atastatebanquetwithhiswife,PengLiyuan,intheirhonorgivenbyKingWillem-AlexanderoftheNetherlandsattheRoyalPalaceinAmsterdam,March22,2014.

Attheinaugurationceremony,withhiswife,PengLiyuan,oftheCenterforthePromotionofChina-LyonsRelationsandtheMuseumofHistoryofUniversiteFranco-Chinoise,duringhisvisittotheoriginalsiteoftheuniversity,Lyons,France,March26,2014.

HostingawelcomingbanquetonbehalfoftheChinesegovernmentandpeopleattheShanghaiInternationalConferenceCenterforguestsattendingtheFourthSummitoftheConferenceonInteractionandConfidence-buildingMeasuresinAsia,May20,2014.

MultilateralRelations

WorkHandinHandforCommonDevelopment*

March27,2013

*AkeynotespeechattheFifthBRICSLeadersMeeting,Durban,SouthAfrica.

YourExcellencyPresidentJacobZuma,

YourExcellencyPresidentDilmaRousseff,

YourExcellencyPresidentVladimirPutin,

YourExcellencyPrimeMinisterManmohanSingh,

Ladiesandgentlemen,

It gives me great pleasure to come back to South Africa, the RainbowNation,aftermy lastvisitmore than twoyearsago. Iamdeeply impressedbythewarm hospitality of the SouthAfrican people and their strong support forBRICS cooperation. I wish to extend my heartfelt thanks to you, PresidentZuma,and theSouthAfricangovernment for the thoughtful arrangementsyouhavemadeforthemeeting.

AsanoldChinesesayinggoes,“Nothing,notevenmountainsandseas,canseparatepeoplewithcommongoalsandideals.”[1]Thefivecountriesfromfourcontinents are gathering here for the great goal of fostering partnership forcommon development and the noble cause of promoting democracy ininternational relations, and advancing the peace and development ofmankind.To pursue peace, development and mutually beneficial cooperation is ourcommonaspirationandresponsibility.

Weshouldfirmlyupholdinternationalfairnessandjustice,andworldpeaceand stability. The world today is not peaceful; continually facing new globalthreats and challenges. The BRICS countries love and cherish peace, and weshare the aspirationof lastingpeace in theworld, a peaceful and stable social

environmentforallcountriesandadecentlifeforallpeoples.

No matter how international situations may unfold, we should staycommitted to pursuing peaceful development and mutually beneficialcooperation.Whatweneedispeaceandcooperation,notwarandconfrontation.Whilepursuingourown interests,we should also accommodate the legitimateconcernsofothercountries.

No matter how the international setup may evolve, we should staycommittedtotheprinciplesofequality,democracyandinclusiveness.Weshouldrespecttherightofallcountriestoindependentlychoosetheirsocialsystemsanddevelopment paths and the diversity of civilizations.Countries, irrespective oftheir size, strength and level of development, are all equal members of theinternationalcommunity;theinternalaffairsofacountryshouldbehandledbyits own people, and international affairs should be managed by all countriesthroughconsultation.

Nomatterhow the reformof theglobalgovernancesystemmayproceed,we should take an active and constructive part in the process of making theinternational order truly just and equitable, and thus provide institutionalsafeguardsforworldpeaceandstability.

Weshouldvigorouslypromoteaglobaldevelopmentpartnershipandworkforthecommonprosperityofallcountries.Asingletreedoesnotmakeaforest.Inthiseraofcontinuingeconomicglobalization,weBRICScountriesshouldnotjustseekourowndevelopment,butalsoworkforthecommondevelopmentofallcountries.

We should run our own affairs well by expanding our economy andimproving the people’s lives, and create new sources of growth for theworldeconomy. We should encourage all countries to strengthen coordination ofmacro-economic policies, reform the international monetary and financialsystems,promote,liberalize,andfacilitatetradeandinvestment,andbolsterthemomentumofglobaleconomicgrowth.

Weshouldworktogetheronsettingtheinternationaldevelopmentagenda,make full use of the productivity and material resources accumulated bymankind, achieve theUNMillenniumDevelopmentGoals, narrow theNorth-

South gap in development, andmake global developmentmore balanced.Thetheme of today’s meeting, “Partnership for Development, Integration andIndustrialization,”isnotonlythedevelopmentgoaloftheBRICScountries,butalso an important area of cooperation between the BRICS countries and theAfricancountries.

We should forge a strong bond among the BRICS countries throughbuilding this partnership, advance our cooperation in economy and trade,finance, infrastructure,personnel interflowandother fields, andmove towardsthegoalofintegratedmarkets,multi-tieredfinancial,network,land,airandsealinks,andgreaterculturalexchanges.

Weshould jointlysupportAfrica’spursuitofstrongergrowth,acceleratedintegration,andindustrialization,andhelpAfricabecomeanewgrowthpoleintheworldeconomy.

We should reinforce mutually beneficial cooperation and out-comes.Westillhavealongwaytogobeforewecandeliveradecentlifetothethreebillionpeople of our countries and fully meet their aspirations for a better life. Toaccomplishthis task,weshouldrelyfirstandforemostonourownefforts,butwealsoneedclosercooperationamongtheBRICScountries.

Weshouldcontinuetoenhancepoliticaltrustamongourfivecountriesandfriendshipamongourpeoples,domoretoshareexperiencesingovernance,andjointly promote industrialization, IT application, urbanization and agriculturalmodernization.We should follow the law governing development, foster newideas and meet difficulties head on in pursuing development. We shouldcontinue to stepup coordination and cooperationunder the frameworksof theUnitedNations,theG20andinternationaleconomicandfinancialinstitutionstoupholdourcommoninterests.

Weshould translateourpoliticalconsensus intoconcreteactions,activelypursue such initiatives as a BRICS development bank and contingent reservearrangement, accelerate practical cooperation in all fields, consolidate theeconomicandsocialfoundationofcooperation,andpresentapositiveimageofthe BRICS countries pursuing both domestic development and internationalcooperation.

It is only five years since theBRICSmechanismwas launched, and it isstill at its initial stage of development. We should run our own affairs well,strengthen the cooperative partnership among BRICS countries and improveinstitutional building for BRICS cooperation. Our cause will surely thrive aslong as we keep firm confidence in our own development paths and incooperationamongtheBRICScountries,donotflinchfromfacingrisksandarenotmisledbyanydistraction.

Dearcolleagues,

IknowyouallhaveakeeninterestinChina’sfuturedevelopment.Lookingahead,Chinawillwork towards twogoals:First,wewilldoubleChina’s2010GDPandpercapitaincomeofurbanandruralresidentsby2020andbringaboutamoderately prosperous society in all respects that benefits our population ofmore than one billion. Second, we will build China into a modern socialistcountry that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced andharmonious by 2049, when we mark the centenary of the founding of thePeople’sRepublicofChina.

Toachievethesetwogoals,wewillcontinuetomakedevelopmentourtoppriorityandeconomicgrowthourcentraltask,andpromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopment. We will put the people’s interests first, strive for all-roundprogress in the economic, political, cultural, social and ecological fields,coordinate all aspects of ourmodernizationdrive, andmakeChina a beautifulcountry.

Ourdevelopmentendeavorisanopenone,aswewillremaincommittedtothebasicstatepolicyofopeningtotheoutsideworldandthemutuallybeneficialstrategyofopeningupandfurtherliberalizeoureconomy.

Our development endeavor is a cooperative one, as we will work forcommondevelopment, carryout economic and technological cooperationwithallothercountriesonthebasisofequalityandmutualbenefit,andpromoteourown development and the common development of all countries throughcooperation.

Toachievethesetwogoals,weneedasoundexternalenvironment.Chinawill continue to pursue an independent foreign policy of peace and align the

interestsof theChinesepeoplewiththoseofthepeoplesofallothercountries.We will work with other countries to strengthen macro-economic policycoordination, oppose protectionism, improve global economic governance andboostglobalgrowth.

Dearcolleagues,

Enhancing cooperation with other BRICS countries has always been adiplomatic priority for China. Our country will continue to strengthencooperationwiththeotherBRICScountries,improvethestructure,andmakeitmoreproductive.Theresultwillbemorerobustgrowthforallconcerned.Thiswilldeliverrealgainstopeopleofallcountriesandmakeagreatercontributiontoworldpeaceanddevelopment.

Thankyou!

Notes

[1]GeHong:TheMasterWhoEmbracesSimplicity(BaoPuZi).GeHong(c.281-341),alsoknownasBaoPuZi,wasaminorofficialduring theEasternJinDynasty(317-420).HewasbestknownforhisinterestinTaoism,alchemyandtechniquesoflongevity.Composedoftwovolumes,theInnerChapterandthe Outer Chapter, The Master Who Embraces Simplicity recounts the author’s pursuit of life throughmaintaininghealthwithTaoismandgoverningthecountrywithConfucianism.

ABetterFutureforAsiaandtheWorld*

April7,2013

*AkeynotespeechattheBoaoForumforAsiaAnnualConference2013.

Your Excellencies, Heads of State and Government, Speakers of Parliament,HeadsofInternationalOrganizations,Ministers,

MembersoftheBoardofDirectorsoftheBoaoForumforAsia,

Distinguishedguests,

Ladiesandgentlemen,

Dearfriends,

Inthisbalmyseasonofclearskiesandwarm,coconut-scentedbreezes,IamsogladtomeetallofyouattheBoaoForumforAsiaAnnualConference2013hereinHainan,apicturesqueislandembracedbythevastocean.

Let me begin by extending, on behalf of the Chinese government andpeople and also in my own name, a heartfelt welcome to you and warmcongratulationsontheopeningoftheAnnualConferenceoftheBoaoForum.

In the 12 years since its birth, the Boao Forum for Asia has become animportant forum with growing global influence. In Chinese culture, 12 yearsform a zodiacal cycle[1]. In this sense, the Boao Forum has reached a newstartingpoint,andIhopeitwillscaleevengreaterheights.

The themeof the current annual conference, “AsiaSeekingDevelopmentforAll:Restructuring,ResponsibilityandCooperation,”isahighlyrelevantone.I hope you will engage in in-depth discussions on promoting development inAsiaandbeyond,thuscontributing,withyourvisionandcommitment,topeace,stabilityandprosperityinAsiaandtheworldatlarge.

The world today is going through profound and complex changes.Countries have become increasingly inter-connected and inter-dependent.Severalbillionpeopleinalargenumberofdevelopingcountriesareembracingmodernization. The trend of the times – peace, development, cooperation andmutualbenefit–isgainingmomentum.

Ontheotherhand,ourworldisfarfrompeaceful.Developmentremainsamajor challenge; the global economy has entered a period of profoundreadjustment,andrecoveryremainselusive.Theinternationalfinancialsectorisfraughtwith risks,protectionism invarious forms ison the rise, countries stillface many difficulties in adjusting their economic structure, and the globalgovernancemechanismscallforimprovement.Itremainsanuphillbattleforallcountriestoachievecommondevelopment.

Asiaisoneofthemostdynamicandmostpromisingregionsintheworld,and its development is closely connectedwith that of other continents. Asiancountrieshaveenergeticallyexploreddevelopmentpathssuitedtotheirnationalconditionsandgreatlyboostedglobaldevelopmentthroughtheirown.Workingside by side with the rest of the world in a time of difficulty to tackle theinternationalfinancialcrisis,Asiahasemergedasamajorenginedrivingworldeconomicrecoveryandgrowth.Inrecentyears,Asiahascontributedmorethan50percentofglobalgrowth, instillingmuch-neededconfidenceintotherestoftheworld.Whatismore,Asia’scooperationwithothergroupingsatregionalandsub-regionallevelshasgreatvitalityandpromisingprospects.

Butweshouldalsobekeenlyaware thatAsiastill facesmanydifficultiesandchallengesinboostingbothitsowndevelopmentandjointdevelopmentwithotherregions.Theroadaheadisneithersmoothnorstraight.

Asia needs to transform and upgrade its development model in keepingwith the trend of the times. Sustainable development is still of paramountimportance toAsia, because thisholds thekey to solvingmajorproblemsanddifficulties. It is important that we should shift the growth model, adjust theeconomic structure, make development more cost-effective and improve thequalityoflife.

We shouldmake concerted efforts to resolvemajor difficulties to ensurestability in Asia, which now faces new challenges, as new flashpoints keep

emerging, and both traditional and non-traditional security threats exist.Asiancountriesshouldincreasemutualtrustandworktogethertoensuredurablepeaceandstabilityinourregion.

WeneedtobuildonpastsuccessandpromotecooperationinAsia.Therearemanymechanismsand initiatives forenhancingcooperation inAsia,andalot of ideas are being explored by various parties.What we need to do is toenhancemutualunderstanding,buildconsensusandenrichcooperationsoastostrike a balance among the interests of the various stakeholders and buildmechanismsthatbringbenefitstousall.

Ladiesandgentlemen,

Dearfriends,

Mankind has only one earth, and it is home to all countries. Commondevelopment–theveryfoundationofsustainabledevelopment–meetsthelong-termandfundamentalinterestsofallthepeopleintheworld.Asmembersofthesameglobalvillage,weshould fosterasenseofcommunityofshareddestiny,followthetrendofthetimes,keeptotherightdirection,sticktogetherintimeofdifficultyandensurethatdevelopmentinAsiaandtherestoftheworldreachesnewheights.

First,weshouldboldlybreaknewgroundandcreateanirresistibleimpetusforcommondevelopment.

Overtheyears,manycountriesandregionshavedevelopedgoodpracticesin maintaining stability and promoting growth. We should continue suchpractices. However, nothing in theworld remains constant, and, as a Chinesesaying goes, “A wise man changes his way as circumstances change; aknowledgeablepersonaltershismeansastimesevolve.”[2]Weshouldabandonour outdated mindsets, break away from the old confines that fetterdevelopment, and unleash all potentials for development.We should redoubleoureffortstoshiftthegrowthmodelandadjusttheeconomicstructure,raisethequality of development and improve the quality of life. We should steadilyreform the international economic and financial systems, improve globalgovernancemechanisms,andensuresoundandstableglobaleconomicgrowth.Asia,withitslong-standingcapacityforadjustingtochange,shouldrideonthe

wavesofthetimes,andmakechangesinAsiaandglobaldevelopmentreinforceandbenefiteachother.

Second,weshouldworktogethertoupholdpeacesoastoprovideasecureenvironmentforcommondevelopment.

Peaceistheever-lastingwishofourpeople.Peace,likeairandsunshine,ishardlynoticedwhenpeopleenjoyit.Butnoneofuscanlivewithoutit.Withoutpeace, development is out of the question. Countries, big or small, strong orweak, rich or poor, should all contribute their share to maintaining andenhancingpeace.

Ratherthanunderminingeachother’sefforts,weshouldcomplementeachotherandworkforjointprogress.Theinternationalcommunityshouldchampionthevisionofcomprehensive,commonandcooperativesecuritysoastoturnourglobal village into one big platform for common development rather than anarena where gladiators fight each other. No one should be allowed to causechaosinanyregionoreventhewholeworldforselfishgains.

Withgrowinginteractionamongcountries,problemsareinevitable.Whatisimportant is that countries should resolve differences through dialogue,consultationandpeacefulnegotiationinthebroader interestofasoundgrowthoftheirrelations.

Third,we should boost cooperation as an effective vehicle for enhancingcommondevelopment.

AsweoftensayinChina,asingleflowerdoesnotmakespring,whileonehundred flowers in full blossom bring spring to the garden. All countries arecloselylinkedandshareconverginginterests.Theyshouldbothpoolandsharetheir strength.While pursuing its own interests, a country should respect thelegitimateconcernsofothers.Inpursuingitsowndevelopment,acountryshouldpromote the common development of all. We should enhance South-Southcooperation and North-South dialogue, promote balanced development of thedeveloping and developed countries, and consolidate the foundation forsustaining stable growth of the global economy. We need to work harder tocreate and upgrade cooperation, deliver more development dividends to ourpeople,andcontributemoretoglobalgrowth.

Fourth, we should remain open and inclusive to broaden the scope forenhancingcommondevelopment.

Theoceanisvastbecauseitisfedbyhundredsofrivers.Weshouldrespecttherightofacountrytoindependentlychooseitssocialsystemanddevelopmentpath, ease distrust and misgivings, and turn the diversity of our world anddifferencesamongcountriesintodynamismandmomentum.Weshouldkeepanopen mind, draw upon development practices of other continents, sharedevelopmentresourcesandpromoteregionalcooperation.

Duringthefirstdecadeandmoreofthenewcentury,tradewithinAsiahasincreased fromUS$800 billion-worth toUS$3 trillion-worth, andAsia’s tradewith other regions has grown from US$1.5 trillion-worth to US$4.8 trillion-worth.ThisdemonstratesthatcooperationinAsiaisopenandgoeshandinhandwithAsia’scooperationwithother regions,and thateveryonehasgainedfromsuchcooperation.

Asia should welcome non-Asian countries to play a constructive role inensuringstabilityanddevelopmentoftheregion.Likewise,non-Asiancountriesshould respect Asia’s diversity and its long-standing tradition of cooperation.Thiswillcreateadynamicenvironment inwhichAsiaandotherregionsenjoymutuallyreinforcingprogress.

Ladiesandgentlemen,

Dearfriends,

China isan importantmemberof theAsian familyand theglobal family.ChinacannotdevelopitselfinisolationfromtherestofAsiaandtheworld.Ontheir part, the rest ofAsia and theworld cannot enjoyprosperity and stabilitywithoutChina.

LastNovember,theCPCheldits18thNationalCongress,whichdesignedtheblueprintforChina’sdevelopmentintheyearstocome.ThemaingoalswesetforChinaareasfollows:

By2020,China’sGDPandpercapitaincomeforurbanandruralresidentswill double the 2010 figures, and the building of a moderately prosperous

societyinallrespectswillbeaccomplished.Bythemid-21stcentury,Chinawillbeturnedintoamodern,prosperous,strong,democratic,culturallyadvancedandharmonious socialist country; and the Chinese Dream – the renewal of theChinese nation, will be realized. Looking ahead,we are full of confidence inChina’sfuture.

Still, we are aware that China remains the world’s largest developingcountry, and it faces many difficulties and challenges. We need to makerelentlesseffortsintheyearsaheadtodeliverabetterlifetoallourpeople.Weareabsolutelycommittedtoreformandopeningup,andwewillconcentrateonthemajor taskof shifting thegrowthmodel, focuson runningourownaffairswellandendeavortoadvancethedrivetowardssocialistmodernization.

AsaChineseproverbgoes,“Neighborswisheachotherwell,justaslovedones do to each other.” China will continue to promote friendship andpartnership with its neighbors, strengthen friendly ties, intensify mutuallybeneficial cooperation and ensure that its developmentwill bring even greatergainstoitsneighbors.

ChinawillcontributemoretodevelopmentandprosperityinbothAsiaandthe world. Since the beginning of the new century, China’s trade with itsneighbors has grown from US$100 billion-worth to US$1.3 trillion-worth,makingChinathelargesttradingpartner,thebiggestexportmarketandamajorsourceofinvestmentformanyofthesecountries.

China’s interests have never been so closely connectedwith those of therestofAsiaandtheworldasawholeinbothscopeanddepth.Goingforward,China will maintain its robust growth momentum. Its domestic demand,particularly consumption-driven demand, will continue to grow, and itsoutbound investmentwill increase substantially. It isprojected that in thenextfive years, China’s imports will reach some US$10 trillion-worth, and itsoutbound investment will reach US$500 billion-worth. In addition, over 400millionoutboundtripswillbemadebyChinesetourists.

ThefasterChinagrows, themoredevelopmentopportunities itwillcreatefortherestofAsiaandtheworld.

We are firm in our resolve to uphold peace and stability inAsia and the

world. We Chinese deeply cherish peace, as we know too well the agoniesinflicted upon us by war and turbulence. China will continue to develop bysecuring a peaceful international environment, and at the same time, it willuphold and promote world peace through its own development. China willcontinuetoproperlyhandledifferencesanddisputeswithrelevantcountries.Onthe basis of defending its sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, Chinawillmaintaingoodrelationswithitsneighborsandoverallpeaceandstabilityinourregion.Chinawillcontinuetoplayaconstructiveroleinaddressingregionalandglobalflashpoints,encouragedialogueandtalksforpeace,andworkhardtosolveallissuesproperlythroughdialogueandnegotiation.

Chinawillenergeticallypromote regionalcooperation inAsiaandaroundthe world. It will enhance communication with its neighbors, explore thebuilding of a regional financing platform, and advance economic integrationwithintheregion,thusincreasingitscompetitiveness.Chinawilltakeanactivepart in Asia’s regional cooperation process and promote regional and sub-regionalcooperationwithnon-Asianregionsandcountries.

China will continue to champion and promote trade and investmentliberalizationand facilitation, stepup two-way investmentwithothercountriesand boost cooperation in new priority areas. China firmly supports Asia’sopeningupandcooperationwithotherregionsfor theircommondevelopment.China is committed to narrowing the North-South gap and supports otherdeveloping countries in their efforts to enhance their capacity for self-development.

Ladiesandgentlemen,

Dearfriends,

Promoting good neighborliness is a time-honored tradition of China. ToenhancepeacefuldevelopmentandmutuallybeneficialcooperationinAsiaandthe world is a race that has one starting point after another and knows nofinishingline.WeinChinaarereadytojoinhandswithfriendsfromacrosstheworldinaconcertedefforttocreateabrightfutureforbothAsiaandtheworld,andtodeliverrealgainstoboththepeoplesofAsiaandthoseoftherestoftheworld.

Finally, Iwish theBoao Forum forAsiaAnnual Conference 2013 everysuccess!

Notes

[1]Shengxiao,theChinesezodiac–a12-yearcycle.Eachyearisrelatedtoananimal–rat,ox,tiger,rabbit,dragon,snake,horse,ram,monkey,rooster,dogandpig.

[2]Seenote1,p.175.

JointlyMaintainandDevelopanOpenWorldEconomy*

September5,2013

*Speechontheworldeconomicsituationatthefirst-stagemeetingoftheG20LeadersSummit.

YourExcellencyPresidentPutin,

Dearcolleagues,

It is a great pleasure tomeet you here in beautiful St. Petersburg, and todiscusstogethermeasurestopromoteworldeconomicgrowthandemployment.First, I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to President Putin and theRussiangovernmentforyourproactiveeffortsandconsideratearrangementsinmakingthissummitpossible!

At present, theworld economy is gradually recovering, and the situationcontinuestodevelopinagooddirection.Atthesametime,thenegativeimpactoftheinternationalfinancialcrisislingerson,andthereisstillalongwaytogoforglobaleconomicrecovery.

The situation decides our tasks, and our actions determine theireffectiveness.Weshouldtakealong-termview,strivetoshapeaworldeconomyinwhich all countries enjoy development and innovation, growth linkage andintegration of interests, and firmly maintain and develop an open worldeconomy.

– Innovative development is necessary for the sustainable growth of theworldeconomy.Growthdrivenbystimulatingpoliciesandlarge-scaleanddirectgovernmentinterventionintheeconomycanonlytreatthesymptomsbutnotthedisease,whilegrowthatthecostofhighenergyconsumptionandenvironmentalpollution is even less sustainable. Countries should improve the quality andefficiencyofeconomicgrowthandavoidsimplymeasuringdevelopmentbytheGDP growth rate. They should invigorate markets and enhance economiccompetitivenessthroughactivestructuralreform.

– Interactive growth is necessary for the sturdy growth of the worldeconomy.Avibrantworldeconomydependsonthejointgrowthofallcountries,whichshouldbeawareof thecommonalityoftheirdestinies,andgainareallyclearunderstandingofthelinkageeffect,thatis,“benefittoonemeansbenefittoall, whereas harm to one means harm to all.” We should cooperate whilecompeting, and achieve mutually beneficial results through cooperation. Weshouldtakeintoconsiderationtheinterestsofothercountrieswhenpursuingourown national interests, and take into consideration the development of othercountries when seeking our own development.Mutual help between differentcountries in solving salient problems is the objective requirement of worldeconomic development. Every country should be able to create a linkagebetween itsowndevelopmentand thatofothercountries,and tobring toeachotherpositiveinsteadofnegativespillovereffects.

– Convergence of interests is necessary for the balanced growth of theworldeconomy.Balancedgrowthisnotazero-sumgamethattransfersgrowthfromone country to another, but a growth entailing sharedwelfare.Countriesshouldgivefullplaytotheircomparativeadvantages,worktogethertooptimizeglobalresourceallocation,improvethelayoutofglobalindustry,buildaglobalvalue chain that shares interests equally, and foster a big global market thatbenefitsallparties,soastoachievemutuallybeneficialdevelopment.

Toshapeaworldeconomyof thiskind,allG20membersneedtobuildaclosereconomicpartnership,andtoshouldertheirdueresponsibilities.

First, theyneed toadopt responsiblemacro-economicpolicies.Themajoreconomies should take care of their own matters and ensure that their owneconomies are sound.This is our basic responsibility.We should improve themacro-economicpolicycoordinationmechanism,andstrengthencommunicationandcoordination.

Macro-andmicro-economicpoliciesandsocialpoliciesmustbeintegrated.All countries should support economic policies with social ones, and createfavorable conditions for the implementation of macro and micro-economicpolicies. The decision of the G20 Finance Ministers and Central BankGovernors’ Meeting and G20 Labor and Employment Ministers’ Meeting tostrengthencoordinationbetweeneconomicandemploymentpolicies iscorrect,andweshouldsticktoitfirmly.

Inthisregard,Chinaadoptsitseconomicpoliciesnotonlyforthegoodofits own economy, but for the good of the world economy as well. China’seconomicfundamentalsaregood.InthefirsthalfofthisyearitsGDPgrewby7.6%.Nonetheless, China also faces such problems as high local governmentdebtandexcessiveproductioncapacity insomeindustries.Theseproblemsarecontrollable,andwearetakingmeasurestoaddressthem.

Wehaverealizedthattosolvetherootproblemsinourlong-termeconomicdevelopmentwemustfirmlystreamlineoureconomicstructure,evenifwehavetoslowdownthegrowthrateabit.Anyundertakingneedscomprehensiveandfar-sightedthinking.Adevelopmentmodelresemblingkillingagoosetogetitsgoldeneggsordrainingthepondtocatchthefishcannotbesustainable.

China’s economy is highly integrated with the world economy. A Chinathatenjoysmorestable,higher-qualityandmoresustainablegrowthisconduciveto the long-term economic growth of the world as a whole. China has theconditionsandabilitytoachievesustainableandhealthyeconomicdevelopment,andproducemorepositivespillovereffectsfortheworldeconomy.

Second,wemustsafeguardanddevelopanopenworldeconomy.“Asingleflower does notmake springwhile one hundred flowers in full blossombringspring to the garden.” Countries will grow if their economies are open, andconverselydeclineiftheireconomiesareclosed.Wemustfollowthetideofthetimes,opposeallformsofprotectionism,andmakegooduseofinternationalanddomesticmarketsandresources.

We should maintain a free, open and non-discriminatory multilateraltrading system.We should avoidmaking exclusive trade standards, rules andsystems, so as to prevent the segregation of the global market and thedisintegrationoftradesystems.Weshouldimprovetheglobalinvestmentrules,guide the rational flow of global development capital and use developmentresourcesmoreeffectively.

Third,wemust improve global economic governance, andmake it fairerandmorejust.TheG20isanimportantplatformfordevelopedanddevelopingcountries to engage in consultations on international economic affairs. WeshouldbuildtheG20intoanimportantforceforstabilizingtheworldeconomy,weave an international financial safety net and improve global economic

governance.

We should continue the reformof international financial institutions.Therelevant countries should further push forward the implementation of the planfor reforming the management of the International Monetary Fund and formakinganewsharingformulathatreflectstheweightoftheeconomicaggregateof the different countries in the world economy, and continue to strengthenoversight concerning the international financial market, so that the financialsystemwilldependon,serveandpromotethedevelopmentoftherealeconomyina soundway.The relevant countries shouldbuild a stable and risk-resistantinternational monetary system, reform the basket of currencies for SpecialDrawingRights, strengthen theconnectionsbetween internationaland regionalfinancialcooperationmechanisms,andbuilda“firewall”againstfinancialrisks.

China supports the strengthening of multilateral cooperation against taxevasion,andiskeentocontributeitssharetowardsinternationaltaxgovernance.

Iwouldliketostressthat, inordertopromotethesustainableandhealthydevelopmentof itseconomyandsociety,Chinawillresolutelycarryitsreformforward.We are conducting overall research into comprehensively continuingthereformtoadeeperlevel,soastostreamlinethestructuresintheeconomic,political,cultural,socialandecologicalsectorsthroughoverallplanning,furtherreleaseanddevelopsocialproductivity,andgivefullplaytothecreativityofthewholeofoursociety.

Chinawillbuildastrongermarketsystem,streamlinethestructuresinthefieldsofmacro-economic regulationandcontrol, taxation, finance, investment,administrationandotherfields,andgivefullplaytothebasicroleofthemarketinresourceallocation.

Chinawillfurtherthereformofthemarketizationofinterestandexchangerates, to increase the flexibility of theRenminbi exchange rate, and graduallymaketheRenminbicapitalaccountconvertible.

Chinawilladheretotheopening-upstrategyofmutualbenefit,continuetostreamline the structures of investment and trade, improve relevant laws andregulations,createalegalenvironmentoffairoperationsforforeigncompaniesin China, and resolve trade disputes with relevant countries through

consultations.

Dearcolleagues,

As longaswework togetherandbuildacloserpartnership, theG20willenjoy more stable, better and further development, and the people of allcountrieswillhavemoreconfidenceintheworldeconomyandinourfuturelife.

Thankyou!

CarryForwardthe“ShanghaiSpirit”andPromoteCommonDevelopment*

September13,2013

*Speechatthe13thmeetingoftheCouncilofHeadsofMemberStatesoftheShanghaiCooperationOrganizationinBishkek.

YourExcellencyPresidentAlmazbekAtambayev,

Dearcolleagues,

It givesmegreat pleasure to attend theBishkekSummit of theShanghaiCooperation Organization. I would like to thank Kyrgyzstan, the SCOPresidency, for your meticulous preparations and thoughtful arrangements forthesuccessofthissummit.ChinacommendsKyrgyzstanforyourenormousandeffectiveeffortsoverthepastyearfortheSCO’sdevelopment.

Inlightofthelatestdevelopmentsintheinternationalandregionalsituationandinresponsetothecommonaspirationsofmemberstatesforstability,growthandbetterlivesfortheirpeoples,thissummithasfocusedontheimplementationoftheTreatyofLong-termGood-neighborliness,FriendshipandCooperation.Itwill ratify the Plan ofAction of the Treaty andmap out the blueprint for thedevelopmentoftheSCOinthenextfiveyears.Theseeffortswillofferbroaderprospectsfortheorganization.

JustastheSCOenjoyspreciousopportunitiesfordevelopment,italsofacesseverechallenges.The“threeforces”ofterrorism,separatismandextremismallposethreatstothesecurityandstabilityofthisregionasdodrugtraffickingandtransnational organized crime. The international financial crisis has causedvarying degrees of economic difficulties for countries in this region, leavingtheminaperiodofadjustmentandrecovery.

Challengessuchasthesearemorethananyonecountrycanhandlealone.Wemust therefore enhance cooperation and unite to become stronger.And in

thisregard,Iwouldliketosuggestthatwedothefollowing.

First,weshouldcarry forward the“ShanghaiSpirit.”[1]To implement the“ShanghaiSpirit,”weshouldbuildup trustamongmemberstatesandconductmutually beneficial cooperation based on equality, consultation, mutualunderstandingandmutualaccommodation.Thisconformstothetrendofpeaceanddevelopmentof the timesandaccordswith the interestsandaspirationsofthepeopleofthememberstates.

We should implement the Treaty of Long-term Good-neighborliness,Friendship and Cooperation with real actions and promote cooperationwholeheartedly in all fieldswithin theSCO framework, so thatmember stateswillbecomegoodneighborslivinginharmony,goodfriendspullingtogetherintroubledwatersandgoodpartnerssharingwealandwoe.

Second, we should jointly safeguard regional security and stability. Asecure and stable environment is a prerequisite for mutually beneficialcooperation, and common development and prosperity.We should implementtheShanghaiConventiononCombatingTerrorism,SeparatismandExtremismand the Program ofCooperation, improve the system of law enforcement andsecuritycooperationoftheSCO,entrusttheregionalcounter-terrorismstructurewith responsibility for anti-narcotics operations, and on this basis establish acenterforcomprehensiveresponsestosecuritythreatsandchallenges.

The relevant authorities within themember states should also open up achannelforroutinecommunication,andexplorewaystoactandworktogethertocombatterrorism,separatismandextremismsoastocreateasoundworkingandlivingenvironmentforthepeoplesofthisregion.

AfghanistanisanobserveroftheSCO,anditssituationiscloselyrelatedtoregional security and stability. The SCO should support it in nationalreconciliation, help it realize peace and stability as soon as possible, andsafeguardregionalsecurity.

Third,weshouldfocusonpracticalcooperation.ThisisthematerialbasisandmaindriverfortheSCO’sdevelopment.AllthesixmemberstatesandthefiveobserversarelocatedalongtherouteoftheancientSilkRoad.Assuch,weareallduty-boundtocarryforwardtheSilkRoadspiritbytakingthefollowing

steps:

Numberone,openupnewtransportandlogisticsroutes.Thememberstatescouldmovespeedily tosign theAgreementon theFacilitationof InternationalRoadTransport.Oncesigned, theagreementwouldbeopen forwideobserverparticipationonavoluntarybasissothattheparticipatingcountriescouldbuildunimpeded transport corridors connecting the Baltic with the Pacific andconnectingCentralAsiawithboththeIndianOceanandthePersianGulf.

Number two, explore a trade and investment facilitation agreement.Extensive trade and investment cooperation with full consideration for theinterests and concerns of all parties would allow us to thoroughly unlock thepotential for cooperation among member states and achieve mutualcomplementarityintheinterestofourcommondevelopmentandprosperity.

Number three, step up cooperation in the financial sector. We shouldestablish an SCO development bankwhichwould provide funding guaranteesand serve as a settlement platform for the organization’s infrastructuredevelopment and collaborative economic and trade projects. In themeantime,theSCOshould setupa special account to ensure funding forproject studies,exchanges and trainingwithin its framework.We shouldmake full use of theinter-bankconsortiumtointensifyexchangesandcooperationbetweenfinancialinstitutionsofthecountriesinthisregion.

Number four, establish an energy club. This would help us coordinateenergy cooperation within the SCO framework, secure stable supply anddemand, ensure energy security, and, on top of these, encourage extensivecooperationinsuchareasasenergyefficiencyandnewenergysources.

Numberfive,putinplaceacooperationmechanismforfoodsecurity.Weshouldenhancecooperationinagriculturalproduction,agrotradeandfoodsafetytoensuregreaterfoodsecurity.

Last but not least, we should intensify people-to-people and culturalexchangestobuildstrongpublicsupportandasocialfoundationfortheSCO’sfuture development.We should promote cooperation in awide range of areassuchasculture,education,filmandTV,health,sportsandtourism.

At the Beijing Summit, China announced a ten-year program of 30,000government scholarships for the other member states. We are ready to workcloselywiththeothermemberstatestomaximizethebenefitofthisprogram.

China will also establish a China-SCO base for international judicialexchanges,cooperationandtrainingatShanghaiUniversityofPoliticalScienceandLaw.Wewouldliketomakeitaplatformfortrainingjudicialprofessionalsfortheothermemberstates.

Traditionalmedicine is a new area of cooperation.China stands ready tojoin hands with the other member states in building medical institutionsspecializing in traditionalChinesemedicine tomakefulluseofsuchresourcesforthebenefitofthepeopleofourmemberstates.

China has taken the lead in establishing an SCO Committee on Good-neighborliness,FriendshipandCooperationinlinewithaconsensusamongthepartiesconcerned.Wehopethatallfellowmemberstatesandobservercountrieswill establish similar organizations for the purpose of enhancing mutualunderstandingandtraditionalfriendshipamongourpeoples.

TheBishkekDeclarationclarifiesthestandofmemberstatesontheSyrianissue.HereIwouldliketoreiteratethatChinapayscloseattentiontotheSyriansituation,supportstheinternationalcommunity’sdriveforacease-fireandpeacetalks, and calls on both sides of the Syrian conflict to work out a politicalsolution to thecrisis.ChinasupportsRussia’sproposal thatSyria surrender itschemicalweaponstointernationalcontrolfortheireventualdestruction.Chinaisready toenhancecommunicationandcoordinationwith relatedparties throughtheUNSecurityCouncil,andwillcontinueitsunremittingeffortsinfacilitatingapoliticalsettlement.

Thankyou!

Notes

[1] The essence of the “Shanghai Spirit” is: mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, cooperation,respect for diverse civilizations and seeking common development. It was proposed by China’s thenPresident Jiang Zemin in June 2001 at the founding meeting of the SCO, and was written into theDeclarationontheEstablishmentoftheShanghaiCooperationOrganization.

WorkTogetherforaBetterAsiaPacific*

October7,2013

*SpeechattheAPECCEOSummit,Bali,Indonesia.

DistinguishedChairmanWishnuWardhana,

Ladiesandgentlemen,

Dearfriends,

It is a great pleasure for me to have the opportunity to join you,distinguished representatives of the Asia Pacific business community, in thisislandparadise.

Baliisnotonlyaworld-renownedtouristattraction,butalsothebirthplaceof the Bali Process and the Bali Road Map. And now, hosting the APECEconomicLeaders’Meeting,Bali carries the expectations ofAsia Pacific andtherestoftheworld.

The world economy is still struggling towards recovery, and the AsiaPacific economy, while enjoying positive growth, is confronted with newchallenges.Peoplearoundtheworldarelookingtothisyear’sAPECmeetingtogivenewimpetustoregionalandglobaleconomicgrowth.

Ladiesandgentlemen,

Dearfriends,

Theworldeconomyisstill inthemiddleofprofoundreadjustment.Whilethere are signs of recovery, there are also problems of fragile foundations,inadequate momentum and uneven pace. Major developed economies are farfrom resolving their structural problems, making it all the more necessary tostrengthen macro-economic policy coordination. Emerging market economieshavesloweddown,andnowfacemoreexternalrisksandchallenges.TheWTO

DohaRoundnegotiationsare fraughtwithdifficulty, and tradeand investmentprotectionism is resurfacing in new forms. To achieve a full recovery andhealthygrowthoftheworldeconomywillbealongandtortuousprocess.

Confronted with these new challenges, both developed and developingeconomiesarelookingfornewdriversofgrowth.

Wherecanwefind them?Inmyopinion, theycanonlybefoundthroughreform,readjustmentandinnovation.TheAsiaPacificregionhaslongbeenanimportant engine of world economic growth. To push for a recovery in thesluggishworldeconomy,economiesintheAsiaPacificregionshouldhavethecouragetodowhathasneverbeendonebeforeandbuildanopengrowthmodefeaturing innovative development, interactive growth and converging interests.Only by so doing can the Asia Pacific economies play a leading role in therecovery of the world economy. A Chinese poem runs, “When one doubtswhetherthereisawayoutfromtheendlessmountainsandrivers,onesuddenlyfindsavillageshadedbysoftwillowsandbrightflowers.”[1]

This is exactly what China is doing. China’s economy grew at a rate of7.6% in the first half of this year. This is, indeed, somewhat lower than thepreviousgrowthrateofover8%,whichhascausedworriesabouttheprospectsfor theChinese economy.Somewonderwhether therewill be a hard landing,whether sustainable,healthygrowth is stillpossible,howChinawilldealwiththissituation,andwhatimpactthiswillhaveontheAsiaPacificregion.HereIwishtosharewithyousomeofmyobservations.

Tobeginwith,Iwanttoemphasizethatbasedonacomprehensiveanalysisofallfactors,IamfullyconfidentaboutthefutureofChina’seconomy.

I am confident because first of all China’s growth rate is within areasonable and expected range. From the previous double-digit growth rate to9.3%in2011,7.8%lastyearand7.6%inthefirstsixmonthsof thisyear, thechangeinpaceofgrowthhasonthewholebeensmooth.Infact,thegrowthrateof 7.6% makes the Chinese economy the fastest growing among all majoreconomies.The fundamentals of theChinese economyare good;GDPgrowthand other major economic indicators are within the expected range. Soeverythinghasbeengoingasexpected,andnothinghascomeasasurprise.

The slowdown of theChinese economy is an intended result of our ownregulatoryinitiatives.Thisisbecause,accordingtoathoroughcalculationdoneatthetimewesetourmid-andlong-termdevelopmentgoalstodoublethe2010GDPandpercapitaincomeby2020,itisjudgedthata7%annualgrowthratewouldsuffice.Moreover,wehaverecognizedthattoensurelong-termeconomicdevelopment China has to press ahead with structural reform, even if thisrequiressomesacrificeofpace.Inwhateverundertaking,onehastolookfarandplanwiselytotakecareofbothshort-andlong-termneeds.Killingthegoosetogettheeggsordrainingthepondtocatchthefishisnoformulaforsustainabledevelopment.

Second, I am confident because the quality and efficiency of China’seconomicdevelopmentareimprovingsteadily.China’seconomyinthefirstsixmonthsof thisyearhasgenerallymadesmoothprogress.By“smooth” Imeanoureconomicgrowthhasbeenwithina reasonable range, andby“progress” Imean theshiftofourgrowthmodehaspickeduppace.China ismovingfromover-relianceon investmentandexport in thepast to increaseddependenceondomesticdemand,especiallyonconsumption.Theeconomicfiguresforthefirsthalf of this year show an increasingly visible role of structural adjustment inboostinggrowth.Domesticdemandhascontributed7.5percentagepointstotheGDP growth, with 3.4 percentage points coming from consumption. We nolongertaketheGDPgrowthrateasthesolecriterionforsuccess;instead,wearefocusing more on improving the quality and efficiency of growth. This hasprovedaresponsibleapproachforbothChinaandtherestoftheworld.

Third,IamconfidentbecauseChinahasastrongdomesticdrivingforceforgrowth.Thisforceisincreasingandwillcontinuetogetstronger.Theongoingprocessofanewtypeofurbanizationwillcreatespaceforhundredsofmillionsof Chinese to move from villages to cities in pursuit of a better life. Theimprovement of education in China will bring about a modern, professionalworkforce of higher caliber, broader vision and better skills.China’s vigorousimplementationoftheinnovation-drivendevelopmentstrategywillmorecloselylink science and technologywith economic growth, and foster innovation andemerging industries. The continued expansion of domestic demand andconsumermarket inChinawillunlockconsiderablepotential forgrowth.And,aboveall,China is committed toputtingpeople first andmakingdevelopmentbenefits accessible tomore people across the country. All thesewill translate

intoastronghome-grownforceforoureconomicadvance.

Fourth, I am confident because the Asia Pacific region enjoys sounddevelopmentprospects.Thankstotheconcertedeffortsofallitseconomies,theAsiaPacificregionboastsahighleveloffreemovementofcapital,informationand people, and an increasingly clear division of labor. A substantial AsiaPacificmarket isemerging.Thenewscientificand industrial revolution that isnow in the making will add to the existing strength of the region. The AsiaPacificeconomiesarealsoinamuchbetterpositiontofendoffrisks,withmoreflexible exchange rate schemes, notably larger foreign exchange reserves andvariousmultilateral andbilateral financial arrangements providing institutionalprotection. China has faith in the development prospects of the Asia Pacificregion. Benefiting from overall economic growth in the region, China hasachieveditsowndevelopment.Atthesametime,China’sdevelopmenthasalsocontributedtoregionaleconomicgrowth.Ibelievethatsuchinteractionwillgainevenstrongermomentum,thuscreatingmoreopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofthewholeregion.

I am firmly convinced that theChinese economywillmaintain its soundgrowth. At the same time, we are soberly aware of potential problems andchallenges from falling demand, production overcapacity, local debts andshadow banking, and we are paying close attention to possible impacts fromexternalforces.Inthisconnection,wearetakingprudentandpropermeasurestoforestallanypotentialproblems.

Ladiesandgentlemen,

Dearfriends,

The Chinese economy has entered a new development stage. Its growthmode and structural readjustment are undergoing profound transformation. Inthisprocess,therewillinevitablybeonechallengeafteranother.Effortstomeetthese challengeswill be accompanied by the throes of readjustment and othertroublesinthedevelopmentprocess,whichwillprovetobeunavoidable.

Rainbowsmostlyappearafterwindandrain.Assomeoneaptlyputit,“Nomountainistoohighforamantoscaleandnoroadtoolongforamantowalk.”Howeverhighthemountainmaybeorhoweverlongtheroadmayseem,wewill

beabletogetthereaslongaswestaythecourseandkeepmovingforward.

IfChinaistomakeprogress,itmustdriveall-roundreformandopeningupto a deeper level.To live up to the new expectations of our people,wemust,with firm confidence in reform and opening up, greater political courage andwisdom, and stronger measures to advance reform and opening up, free ourminds, unleash and develop social productivity, and unlock and enhance thecreativeforcesofsociety.

China is drawing up a master plan for the continuation of reform in allrespects.Ourgeneral approach is topress aheadwith reform in the economic,political,cultural,socialandecologicalfieldsinabalancedmanner,addressthechallenges cropping up in the course of development, remove institutionalobstaclestosustainableandhealthyeconomicgrowth,andcreateanewimpetusforeconomicdevelopmentthroughreform.

Wewillimproveourbasiceconomicsystem,strengthenthemarketsystem,advance institutional reform in macro regulation, fiscal and tax systems,financial sectors and investment, extend themarket-oriented reformof interestrates and the exchange rate,make theRMB exchange ratemore flexible, andachieve,overtime,theconvertibilityoftheRenminbiunderthecapitalaccount.Wewillcontinuetoreformtheadministrationsystem,transformthefunctionsofthegovernment,streamlinegovernmentanddelegatepowers,inordertohaveaclearlydefinedrelationshipbetweenthegovernmentandthemarketandletthemarket play its basic role in allocating resources to a greater degree and in awider scope. We will improve the management of science and technology,enhance innovationcapability,andbuildasystemfor technological innovationwhich is ledbyenterprisesandguidedby themarketandwhich integrates theefforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes.We will ensure andimprovestandardsoflivingonaprioritybasis,promotesocialequityandjustice,achieve higher quality employment, further the reform of income distribution,and improve social security and basic public services. We will step upenvironmental protection and resource conservation to create a good workingandlivingenvironmentforourpeopleandrespondtoglobalclimatechange.

We will follow a more proactive opening-up strategy, improve the openeconomy which is mutually beneficial, diversified, balanced, secure andefficient, encourage coastal, inland and border areas to draw on each other’s

strengthsinopeningup,developopenareasthattaketheleadinglobaleconomiccooperation andcompetition, andestablishpilot openareas that drive regionaldevelopment.Wewillcontinuetoattachequalimportancetoexportandimport,and promote balance in foreign trade.We will attract foreign investment andencouragecompaniesto“goglobal”atthesametime,andenhanceinternationalinvestment cooperation. We will promote investment- and trade-relatedinstitutional reforms, and improve relevant legislation to create a legalenvironmentinwhichforeigncompaniesinChinacanoperateinafairmanner.We will make overall planning for bilateral, multilateral, regional and sub-regionalopeningupandcooperation,acceleratetheimplementationoftheFTAstrategy, and promote communication and exchanges with our neighboringcountries.

We are aware that the reform is a profound revolution that involvesadjustment of major interests and improvement of systems and institutions invarious fields. China’s reform is sailing in uncharted waters with toughchallenges.Theproblemswefaceinthecurrentphaseofreformareespeciallydifficult.Itisextremelyimportantthatwepressaheadwithoutlettingup.Ifwehesitateandbecomeindecisive,wewillnotbeabletomakebreakthroughs,andallourpreviousgainsmaybelost.

Chinaisabigcountry.Wecannotaffordanydrasticmistakeonissuesoffundamentalimportance,asdamagefromsuchmistakeswillbebeyondremedy.Ourpositionis thatwemustbebothboldenoughtoexploreandadvance,andprudentincarefullyplanningouractions.Wewillsticktotherightdirectionandpressaheadwithreformandopeningup.Wewillhavethecouragetocrackthe“hardnuts,”navigatetheunchartedwatersandtakeonthedeep-rootedproblemsthathavepiledupover theyears.Wemustnot stopourpursuitof reformandopeningup–notforonemoment.

Ladiesandgentlemen,

Dearfriends,

ThenationsoftheAsiaPacificregionareabigfamily,andChinaisoneofthe members. China cannot develop in isolation from the Asia Pacific regionwhile the Asia Pacific region cannot prosper without China. Sustainable andhealthydevelopmentoftheChineseeconomywillbringgreateropportunitiesto

thedevelopmentoftheregion.

Chinawillfirmlyupholdregionalpeaceandstability,andhelpcementthefoundationsforamutuallybeneficialsituationintheAsiaPacificregion.Iwantto repeatwhat I noted at theBoaoForum forAsia andother events thisyear:“Peace,likeairandsunshine,ishardlynoticedwhenpeopleareenjoyingit.Butnone of us can live without it.” Without peace, development is out of thequestion,likewaterwithoutasourceandatreewithoutroots.WeChineseoftensay,“Afamilyinharmonyprospers.”AsamemberoftheAsiaPacificfamily,China is ready to live in amity with other family members, which help eachother. We hope that all members of the Asia Pacific family will cherish thepeace and stability we now enjoy, which has not come easily, andwill worktogether for a harmonious Asia Pacific of enduring peace and commonprosperity.

China will work energetically to boost regional development andprosperity, and broaden opportunities for mutual benefit in the Asia Pacificregion.China is thebiggest tradingpartner, largest exportmarket andamajorsource of investment formanyAsia Pacific region economies. In 2012Chinaaccounted for more than 50% of Asia’s economic growth. By the end of thesame year China had approved more than 760,000 foreign commercialinvestments, and attracted aroundUS$1.3 trillion in foreign direct investment.Chinahassigned12free tradeagreementswith20countriesandregions,withsix more under negotiation. Most of China’s free trade partners are APECmembers.Inthecomingfiveyears,ChinawillimportoverUS$10trillion-worthofgoods,investoverUS$500billionoverseasandsendover400milliontouristsabroad. China’s growing domestic demand, particularly consumption andinvestment demand, will offer foreign investors more opportunities forcooperation.

China will commit itself to building a cross-Pacific regional cooperationframework that benefits all parties.ThevastPacific is freeofnatural barriers,and we should not erect any man-made ones.We should let APEC lead andcoordinateouractions,andupholdtheapproachofopenness,inclusivenessandmutual benefit. We should enhance coordination on macro-economic policiesandregionalfreetradearrangements,promoteregionalintegration,andavoidtheSpaghettiBowleffect, soas tobuildcloserpartnershipsacross thePacificandjointlypursuelong-termdevelopmentofAsiaPacific.

Ladiesandgentlemen,

Dearfriends,

“Boundlessistheoceanwherewesailwiththewind.”[2]Likeavastocean,theAsia Pacific region offers enough space for us tomake progress together.Each and every APECmember has a stake in the future development of thisregion.

China has high hopes for this year’sAPECEconomicLeaders’Meeting.WestandreadytoworkwithourpartnersintheregiontobuildabeautifulAsiaPacific that leads theworld, benefits all parties, and ensures thewell-beingoffuturegenerations.Withthisinmind,IwouldliketosharewithyoumyvisionfortheAsiaPacificregioninfouraspects.

First, an Asia Pacific region that seeks common development. The AsiaPacificeconomieshaveclosetiesandsharedinterests.Weshoulddrawuponourrespectivestrengths,optimizetheallocationofeconomicresources,improvetheindustrial layout, and build anAsiaPacific value chain and a large-scaleAsiaPacific market where benefits are shared by all. The developed economiesshouldprovidestrongersupportandassistancetothedevelopingones,whilethelatter should for their part work hard to catch up. Only by narrowing thedevelopmentgapcanweallrisewiththetideofdevelopmentinthisregion.

Second,anAsiaPacificregionthatstayscommittedtoopendevelopment.TheendofWorldWarIIwasfollowedbyaneconomicboomofmorethan25yearsin13economiesaroundtheworld.Onecommonfeatureoftheeconomieswastheiropening-uppolicy.Weshouldfollowthetrendofthetimes,upholdamultilateraltradingsystemthatisfree,openandnon-discriminatory,andopposeall forms of protectionism. We should work together in building an openeconomy and a framework for regional cooperation, and, in an open andinclusivespirit,buildtheAsiaPacificregionintoafreetradearea.

Third,anAsiaPacificregionthatpromotesinnovation-drivendevelopment.Growthwill beunsustainable if it is solelydrivenby fiscal stimulusmeasuresand unconventionalmonetary policies, andwill be too costly if it is based onexcessive consumption of resources and achieved at the expense of the

environment.Weneed innovation inboth theoryandpracticeofdevelopment.We should abandon outdated mindsets, break away from old confines, andpursue green, circular and low-carbon development. We should continue toimproveourcapabilityininnovationsoastofosteremergingindustries,explorenewforcesforgrowth,andenhancecorecompetitiveness.

Fourth, an Asia Pacific region that pursues interactive growth. The AsiaPacific economies are interdependent, with shared interests and a commondestiny. The success or failure of one may ultimately lead to the success orfailureofall.Inthischainofdynamicinteractions,oneeconomy’sdevelopmentwillhaveaknock-oneffectonothereconomies.Weshouldstrengthenthesenseofcommunityandof commondestiny, contribute toothers’developmentwithour own, tap fully into our respective strengths through coordination andinteraction, pass on positive energy, and achieve sound interactions andcoordinateddevelopmentamongalltheAsiaPacificeconomies.

At present, the Asian countries, especially emerging markets anddevelopingcountries,areingreatneedofinfrastructure.Particularlyinthefaceof such severe challenges as mounting downward pressure and financialvolatility, it is necessary for us to mobilize more funds for infrastructuraldevelopment to maintain sustained and steady economic growth and promoteeconomicintegrationintheregion.Tothisend,weproposetoestablishanAsianinfrastructure investment bank to help fund the infrastructural development ofASEANcountries andotherdevelopingcountries in the region.Thisproposedbankwouldwork togetherwith theexistingmultilateraldevelopmentbanks inand outside the region to fuel the sustainable and steady growth of theAsianeconomy.

Ladiesandgentlemen,

Dearfriends,

Thebusinesscommunityisamajorforceforthedevelopmentofeconomyand trade aswell as an integral part ofAPECcooperation.Chinaplacesgreatimportanceon the roleof thebusiness community.Weare ready tohearyourviewsand suggestions, and facilitateyourdeeper andmore rapid engagement,especially that of SMEs andmicro businesses, in economic development andregionalcooperation.

Last August China’s business community established an APEC ChinaBusiness Council. This provides an institutional guarantee for the businesssector’sfurtherinvolvementinformulatingeconomicandtraderulesoftheAsiaPacificregion,anddemonstratesthereadinessofChina’sbusinesscommunitytoundertakemoreinternationalresponsibilities.

Morefriends,moreopportunities.ManyofyoupresenthereareoldfriendsoftheChinesepeoplewhohaveparticipatedinallChina’sreformandopening-upendeavors.Wewillneverforgetouroldfriends,andwewillbemosthappyto make new ones. China welcomes and encourages businesses from alleconomies,APECmembersinparticular,toinvestanddobusinessinChinaandtakeanactivepartinChina’sreformandopeningup.Themorefriendswehave,themoreChina’sreformandopeningupwillthriveandprosper.

IhopefriendsfromthebusinesscommunitywillmakefulluseofAPECasaplatformtomakeyourvoicesheardonhowtoimprovetradeandinvestmentenvironment in the Asia Pacific region, and, with your strength in marketinformation, technology incubation and innovative capability, put forwardstrategic and progressive suggestions for promoting trade and investmentliberalizationand facilitation,deepening regionaleconomic integrationand thefuturedevelopmentofAPEC.

Ladiesandgentlemen,

Dearfriends,

Chinawillhostthe2014APECEconomicLeaders’Meetingandtherelatedevents. Taking this opportunity and focusing on the future of APEC,wewillseektobuildcloserpartnerships,furtherpragmaticcooperation,andenhancetheleadingroleofAPECinshapingthelong-termdevelopmentvisionoftheAsiaPacificregion.

Ihope that all ofyou, friends from theAsiaPacificbusiness community,willmeetinBeijingthenfordiscussionsandwitnessanotherimportantmomentinthedevelopmentoftheAsiaPacificregion.

Thankyou!

Notes

[1] LuYou:Visiting aMountain Village. LuYou (1125-1210)was a poet of the Southern SongDynasty(1127-1279).

[2]ShangYan:Farewell toaKoreanHermitReturningHome. ShangYan (dateunknown)was apoetoftheTangDynasty(618-907).

NewApproachforAsianSecurityCooperation*

May21,2014

*SpeechattheFourthSummitoftheConferenceonInteractionandConfidence-BuildingMeasuresinAsia.

Distinguishedguests,

Dearcolleagues,

Ladiesandgentlemen,

Dearfriends,

I would like to thank Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu, SpecialRepresentativeoftheTurkishPresident,forhisaddress.Chinahasassumedthechairmanship of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-BuildingMeasuresinAsia(CICA),sopleaseallowmetotakethisopportunitytoexpressheartfeltthankstoallsides,inparticularKazakhstan,theinitiatoroftheCICA,andTurkey,thepreviouschairoftheCICA,foryourtrustandsupport.

Now,letmemakesomeobservationsonbehalfofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.

Thesummittodayhasbroughttogetherleadersandrepresentativesfrom47countries and international organizations, including CICA member states,observers and invited guests of the Shanghai Summit. Under the theme“EnhancingDialogue,TrustandCoordinationforaNewAsiaofPeace,StabilityandCooperation,”wewilldiscusstheimportantsubjectofsecuritycooperation,explore policies for long-term peace and stability, and jointly promotedevelopment and prosperity. As such, this summit is of great importance tosecurityinAsiaandtheworldatlarge,andwillhavefar-reachingconsequences.

Asiatodayishometo67%oftheworld’spopulation,andaccountsforonethirdoftheglobaleconomy.Itisaplacewherediversecivilizationsandnations

meetandinteract.PeaceanddevelopmentinAsiaarecloselyconnectedwiththefutureofmankind, andAsia’s stability and revival are a blessing to thepeaceanddevelopmentoftherestoftheworld.

Asia today, though facing risks and challenges, is still themost dynamicandpromisingregionintheworld.Peace,developmentandmutuallybeneficialcooperation are the main trend in the region, and countries in the regiongenerally prefer policies that address differences and disputes throughconsultation and negotiation. Asia enjoys a rising status in the internationalstrategic landscape, and plays an increasingly important role in promoting amulti-polar world and democracy in international relations. Such a healthysituationintheregionhasnotcomeeasilyandoughttobedoublycherished.

Asia today is engaged in vibrant cooperation in the economic field.Cooperation in the security field is making progress despite difficulties, andvariouscooperationmechanismsarebecomingmoredynamic.Asiahascometoa crucial stage in security cooperation at which we need to build on pastachievementsandstrivefornewprogress.

AsaChinesesayinggoes,“Awisemanchangeshiswayascircumstanceschange;aknowledgeablepersonaltershismeansastimesevolve.”[1]Weneedtokeeppacewithchangingcircumstancesandevolvingtimes.Onecannotliveinthe21stcenturywiththeoutdatedthinkingoftheeraoftheColdWarandzero-sumgame.Webelievethatitisnecessarytoadvocatecommon,comprehensive,cooperativeandsustainablesecurity inAsia.Weneed to innovateoursecurityconcept, establish anew regional security cooperation architecture, and jointlybuildaroadtowardssecurityinAsiathatissharedbyandofbenefittoall.

Commonsecuritymeans respectingandensuring thesecurityofeachandeverycountry.Asia isa regionofgreatdiversity.Thecountries therediffer insize,wealthandstrength.Theyvaryinhistoricalandculturaltraditionsaswellassocialsystems,andhavedifferentsecurityinterestsandaspirations.However,we are all part of the same Asian family. With our interests and security soclosely intertwined, we will sink or swim together, and we are increasinglybecomingacommunityofcommondestiny.

Securitymustbeuniversal.Wecannothavethesecurityofjustoneorafewcountrieswhileleavingtherestinsecure,innowaycanweaccepttheso-called

absolutesecurityofoneattheexpenseofthesecurityofothers.Otherwise,justasaKazakhproverbaptlyputsit,“Onewhotriestoblowoutanother’soillampwillgethisbeardsinged.”

Securitymustbeequal.Everycountryhastheequalrighttoparticipateinthe security affairs of the region as well as the responsibility for upholdingregional security. No country should attempt to dominate regional securityaffairsorinfringeuponthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofothercountries.

Security must be inclusive. We should turn Asia’s diversity and thedifferencesamongAsiancountriesintoavitaldrivingforceforregionalsecuritycooperation. We should abide by the basic norms governing internationalrelations such as respecting sovereignty, independence and territorial integrityand non-interference in internal affairs, respect the social systems anddevelopment paths chosen by individual countries, and fully respect andaccommodate the legitimate security concerns of all parties. To buttress andentrenchamilitaryalliancetargetedatathirdpartyisnotconducivetocommonsecurity.

Comprehensive securitymeans upholding security in both traditional andnon-traditionalfields.Asia’ssecuritychallengesareextremelycomplicated,andincludearangeofflashpointsandsensitiveissues,aswellasethnicandreligiousproblems. The challenges brought by terrorism, transnational crime,environmental safety, cyber security, energy and resource security, andmajornaturaldisastersareclearlyontherise.Traditionalandnon-traditionalsecuritythreatsareinterwoven.Securityisagrowingissueinbothscopeandimplication.

We should take full account of the historical background and reality ofAsia’ssecurityissues,adoptamulti-prongedandholisticapproach,andenhanceregional security governance in a coordinated way. While tackling theimmediatesecuritychallengesfacingtheregionweshouldalsomakeplansforaddressing potential security threats, and avoid a fragmented and palliativeapproachthatonlytreatsthesymptoms.

We should have zero tolerance for terrorism, separatism and extremism,strengthen internationaland regionalcooperation,andstepup the fightagainstthese three forces, so as to bring peace and happiness to the people of thisregion.

Cooperative security means promoting the security of both individualcountries and the region as awhole through dialogue and cooperation.As theproverbgoes,“Strengthdoesnotcomefromthemusclesinthearms,butfromtheunisonoftheheart.”Weshouldengageinsincereandin-depthdialogueandcommunication to increase strategic mutual trust, reduce mutual misgivings,seekcommongroundwhileresolvingdifferences,andliveinharmonywitheachother.We should bear inmind the common security interests of all countries,and startwith low-sensitivity areas to build the awareness ofmeeting securitychallenges through cooperation. We should expand the scope and means ofcooperation and promote peace and security through cooperation. We shouldstaycommittedtoresolvingdisputesthroughpeacefulmeans,standagainstthearbitraryuseorthreatofforce,opposetheprovocationandescalationoftensionsforself-interest,andeschewthepracticeofshiftingtroubleontoneighborsandseekinggainattheexpenseofothers.

Inthefinalanalysis,letthepeopleofAsiaruntheaffairsofAsia,solvetheproblemsofAsiaandupholdthesecurityofAsia.ThepeopleofAsiahavethecapability and wisdom to achieve peace and stability in the region throughenhancedcooperation.

Asiaisopentotheworld.Whileenhancingourowncooperationwitheachother,countries inAsiamustalsofirmlycommitourselves tocooperationwithcountries inothercontinents,otherregionsandinternationalorganizations.WewelcomeallpartiestoplayapositiveandconstructiveroleinpromotingAsia’ssecurity and cooperation, and work together to achieve mutually beneficialoutcomesforall.

Sustainablesecuritymeansthatweneedtofocusonbothdevelopmentandsecurity,sothatsecuritywillbedurable.AsaChinesesayinggoes,“Foratreetogrow tall, a strong and solid root is essential; for a river to reach far, anunimpeded source is necessary.”[2]Development is the foundation of security,andsecuritythepreconditionfordevelopment.Thetreeofpeacedoesnotgrowonbarrenland,andthefruitsofdevelopmentarenotharvestedamidsttheflamesofwar.FormostAsiancountries,developmentmeansthegreatestsecurityandthemasterkeytoregionalsecurityissues.

TobuildanAsiansecuritystrongholdthatcanstandthetestofanygaleweneedtofocusondevelopment,zealouslyimprovepeople’slivesandnarrowthe

wealthgapsoastocementthefoundationofsecurity.Weneedtoadvancetheprocess of common development and regional integration, foster soundinteractionbetweensynchronizedprogressofregionaleconomiccooperationandsecurity cooperation, and promote sustainable security through sustainabledevelopment.

Ladiesandgentlemen,

Dearfriends,

The CICA is the largest andmost representative regional security forumwiththelargestnumberofparticipants.OverthepasttwodecadestheCICAhasundertaken the responsibility to strengthen mutual trust and coordination andpromoteAsia’ssecurityandstability.Ithasfollowedtheprincipleofconsensusthrough consultation and made an important contribution to increasingunderstanding,seekingcommongroundandexpandingcooperation.

Todaymore thanever, theAsianpeoplewish forpeaceandstability,andtheneedtoworktogethertotacklechallengestosecurityisgreaterthanbefore.

ChinaproposesthatwemaketheCICAasecuritydialogueandcooperationplatform that covers the whole of Asia and, on that basis, explore theestablishmentofaregionalsecuritycooperationarchitecture.ChinabelievesthatitisadvisabletoincreasethefrequencyoftheCICAforeignministers’meetingsandpossiblysummitsascircumstanceschange,soastostrengthenthepoliticalguidanceoftheCICAandchartablueprintforitsdevelopment.

China proposes that we enhance the capacity and the institutions of theCICA, support improving the functions of the CICA secretariat, establish adefense consultation mechanism of member states and a task force forsupervisingtheimplementationofconfidence-buildingmeasuresinvariousareaswithintheCICAframework,andenhanceexchangesandcooperationincounter-terrorism,business,tourism,environmentalprotection,andculturalandpeople-to-peopleexchanges.

Chinaproposesthatweputinplaceanongovernmentalexchangenetworkfor various parties through holding CICA nongovernmental forums and othermeans,soastolayasolidsocialfoundationforspreadingthetheCICAconcept

of security, increasing the CICA’s influence and promoting regional securitygovernance.

China proposes thatwe strengthen the inclusiveness and openness of theCICA. We need to step up coordination and cooperation with other relevantorganizationsintheregion,andexpanddialogueandcommunicationwithotherregionsandrelevantinternationalorganizations.

ChinawillfulfillitsresponsibilitiesasCICAchairmanandworkwithotherpartiestofurtherimprovethestatusandroleoftheCICAsothattogetherwecanraisesecuritycooperationtoahigherlevel.

Ladiesandgentlemen,

Dearfriends,

Chinaisastaunchforceforupholdingpeaceintheregionandtheworldasa whole and for promoting common development. The Five Principles ofPeacefulCoexistenceinitiatedbyChinatogetherwithIndiaandMyanmarhavebecomebasicnormsgoverningstate-to-staterelations.Chinaremainscommittedtoseekingthepeacefulsettlementofdisputeswithothercountriesoverterritorialsovereignty andmaritime rights and interests. China has completely resolved,through friendly consultations, land boundary issues with 12 of its 14neighboringcountries.Asanactiveparticipantinregionalsecuritycooperation,China, jointlywithotherrelevantcountries, initiated theShanghaiCooperationOrganizationandproposedtheconceptofmutualtrust,mutualbenefit,equalityandcoordination.ChinasupportsASEAN,theSAARCandtheLASinplayingapositive role in regional affairs. China and Russia jointly proposed an AsiaPacific peace and security initiative, which has played an important role instrengthening and maintaining peace and stability in the Asia Pacific region.China works to push forward the Six-Party Talks Concerning the KoreanPeninsula, and supports peace and reconstruction in Afghanistan, makingunremitting efforts in solving international and regional flashpoint issuesthrough dialogue and negotiation. China joined forces with countries in theregionandthewiderinternationalcommunitytotackletheAsianfinancialcrisisand the international financial crisis,making its due contribution topromotingregionalandglobaleconomicgrowth.

China is firmly committed to the path of peaceful development and themutuallybeneficialstrategyofopeningup.Itseekstodevelopfriendlyrelationsand cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles ofPeacefulCoexistence.China’speacefuldevelopmentbeginshereinAsia,findsitssupportinAsiaanddeliverstangiblebenefitstoAsia.

“Neighbors wish each other well, just as family members do.” Chinaalways pursues friendship and partnership with its neighbors, seeks to bringamity, security and common prosperity, and works hard to ensure that itsdevelopmentbringsbenefits toall theothercountries inAsia.ChinawillworkwithothercountriestospeedupthedevelopmentofaneweconomicbeltalongtheSilkRoadanda21st-centuryMaritimeSilkRoad,andhopesthattheAsianInfrastructureInvestmentBankcanbelaunchedatanearlydate.Chinawillbemore involved in the regional cooperation process, and play its part to ensurethat development and security in Asia facilitate each other and are mutuallyreinforcing.

Asthesayinggoes,“Readinesstoconvergewithothersmakesamountainhighandarivermighty.”[3]AsastrongchampionoftheAsiansecurityconcept,China alsoworks toput such a security concept intopractice.Chinawill takesolid steps to strengthen securitydialogues andcooperationwithotherparties,andjointlyexploretheformulationofacodeofconductforregionalsecurityandanAsian security partnership program,makingAsian countries good partnerswhotrustoneanotherandcooperateonanequalfooting.

China is ready to introduce mechanisms for regular exchange andcooperation with countries in the region to jointly combat the three forces ofterrorism, separatism and extremism.China is ready to discusswith the othercountriesintheregionthecreationofanAsianforumforsecuritycooperationinlawenforcementandanAsiansecurityemergencyresponsecenter, toenhancesecurity cooperation in law enforcement and better respond to major securityemergencies. China calls for exchanges and mutual learning among differentcivilizations and religions through various means, such as conferences fordialogues amongAsian civilizations, so thatwewill be able to draw on eachother’sexperiencesandachievecommonprogress.

Ladiesandgentlemen,

Dearfriends,

TheChinesepeople,intheirpursuitoftheChineseDreamofgreatnationalrenewal,standreadytosupportandhelpallotherpeoplesinAsiatorealizetheirown great dreams. Let uswork together to realize theAsian dream of lastingpeaceandcommondevelopment,andmakeagreatercontributiontoadvancingthenoblecauseofpeaceanddevelopmentofmankind.

Thankyou!

Notes

[1]Seenote1,p.175.

[2]WeiZheng:TenSuggestionstotheEmperor.WeiZheng(580-643)wasastatesmanoftheTangDynasty.

[3]LiuYuxi:InscriptionontheStelebytheSacredWaytotheTombofWangLing,FormerImperialCensoroftheTangDynasty.

CloseTieswiththePeople

StrictlyEnforceDiligenceandThrift,OpposeExtravaganceandWaste*

January17andFebruary22,2013

*SeparatecommentsonrelevantreportsbyXinhuaNewsAgencyandthePeople’sDaily.

I

Reportsrevealashockingwasteoffood.Allofficialsandthepublichaveresponded strongly tovarious sourcesofwasted food, particularly recreationalactivitiesusingpublicfunds.Itishurtfultoseesuchsevereproblemswhenweallknowthatmanypeopleinourcountryarestillplaguedbypoverty.

Wemustdosomethingtostopsuchwasteasquicklyaspossible!Wemustdisseminate our thoughts and intensify our guidance, promote our splendidnationaltraditionofdiligenceandthrift,andregardfrugalityashonorandwasteas disgrace. The strict enforcement of diligence and thrift must become thecommonpracticeofthewholesociety.Allmustopposeextravaganceandwaste.

Party, government andmilitary organs at all levels, institutions, people’sorganizationsandstate-ownedenterprisesaswellas leadersandofficialsatalllevelsmust set anexample in strictlyobeying the rules forofficial receptions,andinimplementingallmeasuresconcerningthriftsoastocompletelyeradicatewasteinanyactivitythatispaidforwithpublicfunds.

Moreover,operationalmeasuresthataretargetedandinstructiveshouldbeestablished,sothatthriftisencouragedandwasteispunished.

(CommentsbyXiJinpingon“NetizensUrgingtheEliminationofWasteattheDinnerTable,”areportsubmittedbyXinhuaNewsAgency,January17,

2013)

II

TheCentralCommittee’scallforstrictenforcementofdiligenceandthriftand opposition to extravagance and waste has won widespread acclaim fromofficials and thepublic.There shouldnowbe a follow-upcampaign to ensurethatnoonesimplygoesthroughthemotionsorfollowstherulesasatemporarymeasure, likeapassinggustofwind.Wemustdoeverythingpossible,andwemust see things through frombeginning to end.Nothing can be accomplishedunlesswetakeaserious,pragmaticandconsistentapproach.

For some timenowwehave solicited advice frompeopleof allwalksoflife,muchofwhichhasbeenconstructive.Wemustsortthroughtheseideasandput them into practice, sum up the lessonswe learn, and draw on experiencefrombothathomeandabroad.

Our next major step is to focus on improving the systemwith regard toofficial receptions,financialbudgetsandaudits,assessmentandaccountability,and supervision. To do this we need to refine an overall mechanism that isdynamic, and that provides for rigid institutional constraints, strict systematicexecution,strongsupervisionandexamination,andseveresanctions,sothatallmisbehavior and violation of the rules and regulations relating to recreationalactivitiespaidforfrompublicfundsisreducedtoaminimum.

(CommentsbyXiJinpingon“AnalysisandSuggestionsfromExpertsandScholarsonRestrictingRecreationalActivitiesUsingPublicFunds,”andsome

otherreportssubmittedbythePeople’sDaily,February22,2013)

TheMassLine:FundamentaltotheCPC*

June18,2013

*PartofthespeechattheworkingconferenceoftheProgramofMassLineEducationandPracticeheldbytheCPCCentralCommittee.

ThemasslineisthelifeofourPartyandthefundamentalapproachtotheParty’s work. Launching a program of mass line education and practice is asignificantdecisiontakenbythePartytosuperviseitsownconductandenforcestrict discipline. It is an important measure to respond to public demand, tostrengthen the Party as a Marxist party that learns, innovates and serves thepeople,andtoadvancesocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Ithasfar-reachingsignificance for the Party to maintain its progressive nature and integrity,consolidate its governing base and status, and complete the building of amoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects.

First, the program of mass line education and practice is an essentialrequirementforthePartytorealizetheobjectivessetbythe18thCPCNationalCongress. The Congress proposed to complete the building of a moderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectswhentheCPCcelebratesitscentenaryin2021,and turn China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong,democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious when the PRC marks itscentennialin2049.AftertheCongresstheCPCCentralCommitteeproposedtheChineseDreamoftherejuvenationoftheChinesenation.TorealizetheChineseDreamand theobjectives setby theCongress, allPartymembersmust followthefinetraditionoftheParty.

Whatdoes thismean?Itmeansrespecting theParty’s long-held traditionsoflinkingtheorywithpractice,maintainingclosetieswiththepeople,engagingin criticism and self-criticism, cultivating tenacity in work, pursuing the truthand being pragmatic. All through the Party’s long period of revolution,construction and reform, the Party has always demanded that all itsmembersmaintain its fine tradition, and this is what has underpinned one victory afteranotherforthePartyandthepeople.

We must be cognizant, especially during this new era of reform andopeningup,thatthePartywillbeexposedtounprecedentedrisksandchallengesasChinadrivesreformandopeninguptoadeeperlevel.ThetaskofimprovingtheParty’sconductwillneverbemoreimportantorurgent.Notforonemomentshouldwebelaxorsuspendoureffortsinthisregard.

“In the present periodof historical change,whenproblemshavepiled upand a thousand things wait to be done, it is crucial for us to strengthen theleadershipofthePartyandcorrectitsworkstyle,”[1]saidDengXiaopingattheinitial launch of reform and opening up. The second generation of the PartyleadershipheadedbyDengXiaoping,thethirdgenerationofthePartyleadershipheadedbyJiangZemin,andtheCPCCentralCommitteewithHuJintaoasthegeneral secretary allmade it one of their top priorities to improve the Party’sconduct, and carried out a succession of programs to this end – the PartyConsolidation[2],the“ThreeEmphases”Education[3],theEducationtoMaintainthe Pioneering Role of the Party Members[4], and the in-depth study of theScientificOutlookonDevelopment[5].

ThePartyhasalwaysemphasizedthatPartyconducthasadirectimpactonitsimage,onitsprospectsofwinningorlosingpublicsupport,andindeedontheverysurvivalorextinctionofthePartyandthestate.MaintainingclosetieswiththepeopleisessentialtoimprovingtheParty’sconduct.LosingcontactwiththepeoplewouldposethegravestthreattotheParty.

Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee in1978,thePartyhasreestablishedtheguidingprinciplesoffreeingthemindandseekingtruthfromfacts,attachingmoreimportancetotheParty’sconduct,andmaintainingclosetieswiththepeople.ThewholePartyhasburnisheditsimageand improved its conduct, guaranteeing the smooth progress of reform andopeningupandthedriveforsocialistmodernization.

AshasbeenthecasethroughouttheParty’shistory,itsclosetieswiththepeople are the embodiment of its nature and purpose, the hallmark thatdistinguishes the CPC from other political parties, and an important factorenablingtheCPCtogrowstrong.ThefateoftheParty’sundertakingsreliesonwhetheritcanmaintainitstieswiththepeople.

OurParty comes from the people, is rooted in the people, and serves the

people.Withoutpopularsupport,noneoftheParty’sachievementsoraspirationswouldbepossible.Wemustalwayskeepclosetieswiththepeople,sothattheParty can continue to respond to the challenges of governance, reform andopeningup,andthemarketeconomy,aswellastheexternalenvironment.Undernocircumstanceswillweeverforsakeourcommitmenttosharingwealandwoewiththepeople.WewillneverforgettheParty’spurposeofservingthepeoplewholeheartedly.Wewillnever forgo thehistoricalmaterialistviewpointwhichregardsthepeopleasthetrueheroes.ThePartywillalwaysservethepublic,andgovernforthebenefitofthepeople.

Inthisnewera,inordertorealizetheChineseDreamandtheobjectivessetbythe18thCPCNationalCongress,wemustremainclosetothepeople,relyonthem, and fully mobilize their initiative, enthusiasm and creativity. We havelaunched the campaign of mass line education and practice with the aim ofreminding all Party members that their fundamental purpose is to serve thepeoplewholeheartedly, unite thepeople through theParty’s fine tradition, andworkhardwiththemtorealizetheobjectivessetbytheCongress.

Second, launching the program ofmass line education and practice is anessential requirement for the Party to maintain its progressive nature and itsintegrity,andconsolidateitsgoverningbaseandstatus.Thisisanissuenow,anditisfundamentaltothePartyanditsfuture.

Aswe have so often repeated, the Party’s pioneering role and its role ofgovernancedonot remainunchangedonceacquired.Even ifyouhadplayedapioneeringroleinthepast,thereisnoguaranteethatyouwillalwaysdoso;thefactthatyouareplayingtherolenowdoesnotmeanthatyouwillbeprogressiveforever. Just becauseyoupossessed it in thepast doesnotmean that youwillown it forever.This is the conclusionof our analysis basedondialectical andhistoricalmaterialism.

Howcanwemaintain theParty’sprogressivenatureand its integrity,andconsolidateitsgoverningroleandstatus?ThekeyistokeeptotheParty’smasslineandmaintainclosetieswiththepeople.

AsanoldChinesesayinggoes,“Thosewhowinthepeople’sheartswinthecountry,andthosewholosethepeople’sheartslosethecountry.”Likewise,thepeople’s support is the most solid foundation for the Party’s governance.

Winning or losing public support is vital to the Party’s survival or extinction.ThePartymust dedicate its soul andmind to thepeople, share theirweal andwoe,andrelyonthemtocontinuetomakeprogress.Onlythen“steadfastlywestandourground”[6]against“ominousstormsthatthreatentoengulfus.”[7]

Wehavelaunchedtheprogramofmasslineeducationandpracticesothatthevaluesofhonesty,servingthepeopleandremainingdown-to-earthcantakeroot in the hearts and actions of all Party members. In this way we canconsolidate the Party’s governing status, increase the Party’s creativity,cohesiveness and professional capabilities,maintain its progressive nature andits integrity, and consolidate its position through broad, profound and reliablepublicsupport.

Third, launching the program of mass line education and practice isessential ifweare to address thepeople’spressingconcerns. Ingeneral,Partyorganizations,membersandofficialsarepracticingtheParty’smasslinewellatpresent. Party members and officials have set a good example, dedicatingthemselves to reform, development and stability. They have maintained goodrelationswiththepeopleandwontheirapprovalandsupport.Mostofthemhavedoneagoodjob,forwhichwemustgivethemfullcredit.

Nevertheless,wemustrealizethatastheworld,thecountry,andthePartyundergoprofoundchanges,theperilsofmentallaxity,mediocrity,isolationfromthe people, passivity and corruption have become increasingly serious. ManyParty officials are losing touch with the people, and some problems are veryserious, especially “the four forms of decadence”: formalism, bureaucratism,hedonismandextravagance.

Formalismmeans doing things for form’s sake – the separationof actionfrom knowledge, neglecting what is truly effective, hiding behind piles ofdocumentsandimmersingoneselfinmeetings,thepursuitofvanityandaresorttofalsehood.

Some Party officials stop studying Party theory or learning informationwhichtheyneedinperformingtheirduties,whileotherscontentthemselveswiththe most superficial understanding, which they can use as window-dressinginsteadofapplyingitinrealwork.Theyhavenointentionofstudying,norhavethey the ability to put what they do know into practice. Some use the

requirements for documents and meetings simply as a pretext for generatingfurther documents and meetings; some love to put on a show and seek thelimelight; in some places the priority is to highlight leaders’ speeches innewspapersandonTV,whileneglectingpracticalwork;somehavenointerestin achieving actual results or solving genuine problems – their only aim is toingratiate themselveswith their superiors, generate headlines or decorate theirwork reports…one ceremony after another, one summary after another, oneawardafteranother.WecallthisKrikun[8]style.

Forsomeofficials,a“grassrootssurvey”isnomorethanacomfortablerideinacar,ahurriedglancethroughthewindow,anaffablewavetothecameras,and a casual glance at events outside, rather than a proper investigation intoshadows, nooks and crannies. Some turn a blind eye to fake reports, data andmodels,orevengooutoftheirwaytoglossoverthetruthwithlies.Nowonderpeoplesaythatpaperworkkeepsofficialswellclearofreallife,andamountainofformalismdetachespoliciesfromtheirimplementation.

Bureaucratismmeansdeparturefromreality,losingtouchwiththepeople,arrogance, indifferencetofacts,conceitandinflatedegos.SomePartyofficialsdon’tunderstandorconcernthemselveswithreality.Theyarereluctanttogotoareasexperiencingharshconditions,orhelpgrassrootsorganizationsandpeoplesolveproblems;theyprefertohavingnothingtodowiththemlestthereshouldbemoretrouble.Theirdutiesareagametothem–theypassthebuckormuddlethrough. Some Party officials, heedless of the people’s wishes and thecircumstances that apply in their locality, make casual decisions and emptypromises. They blindly launch expensive projects, walk away when they fail,andleavebehindanunresolvedmess;somecurryfavorwiththeirsuperiors,andrudelyordertheirsubordinatesaround.Peopleinneedoftheirservicesfindthemdifficulttoaccess,hardtotalktoandimpossibletogetthemtoact.Theyevendemandbribesbeforedoingthingsthatarepartof theirduties,andabusetheirpower;somefollowplansanddirectionsfromtheirsuperiorswithout trying tounderstand them properly. Some implement the decisions of superiors to asuperficialdegree,whileothersawkwardly imitate–doing thingsaccording totheoldwayorfollowingotherswithoutconsideringtheparticularcircumstancesthat apply to them. Some are “empire-builders,” high-handed and arbitrary intheir approach, intolerant of any alternative view. They reject criticism andoffersofhelp,andrefusetolistentodifferentvoices.

Themainfeaturesofhedonismaremental laxity,restingonone’s laurels,vanity, coveting pleasure, pursuing ostentation and seeking to keep oneselfamused.SomePartyofficialshavebecomedemoralized,andtheirfaithhasbeenshaken.Theirphilosophyof life is to indulge themselves inpleasure-seeking–“drinking your fill as long as you have wine to drink”[9] and “seizing themomentsof contentment in life andmaking themostof them.”[10] Somehaveabandoned their ideals in favor of material comforts, vulgar amusements,revelry,drinkinganda lifeof luxury.Some takeoneasy tasks and shirkhardworkbecause theyhaveno taste forhardshipandeffort.They lackmotivationandnewgoalsbecause theyarehappywith thestatusquo, satisfiedwith theirlimitedknowledgeandunderstanding,andcontentwiththeirpastachievements.They idle through the day flipping through newspapers, drinking tea andchatting,theirgazewanderingabstractedlybecausetheyhavenopurpose.

Extravagance means waste, squandering resources, expensive buildingprograms,endless festivalsandceremonies, a luxuriousanddissolute lifestyle,and abuse of power that can extend to actual corruption. SomeParty officialsspend hundreds of millions of Renminbi on construction of a luxury officebuildingthatoccupiesacresoflandandcontainsfacilitiesforfeasting,drinkingand amusement. Some are devotees of festivals and ceremonies, sometimessquanderingmillionsofRenminbiormoreonasingleevent.Itisthebloodandsweat of the people they are tossing away! For some who seek comfort andpleasuretheirhomescanneverbetoomanynortoogrand,theircarscanneverbe too luxurious, their banquets can never be too exquisite, and the brands ofclothestheywearcanneverbetoofamous.Theirexcessesshowdisdainfortherules; they take things for granted and always want more. Some demandexcessive receptions, stay at expensive hotels, eat all sorts of delicacies, drinkfinewinesandthentakebribes.Someholdmembershipcardsandconsumptioncards of great value, and indulge themselves in luxury clubs, high-end sportscomplexes,freetravelathomeandabroad,andevenforeigncasinos,wheretheyspendmoneylikewater.Someevengloryintheirmisconduct,moralcorruptionanddissolutelifestyle,insteadoffeelingshame.

I give these examples to warn all Party members. If we allow theseproblems to spread like weeds, the consequences will be disastrous, and thetragedyofFarewellMyConcubine[11],whichMaoZedongusedasametaphorfor losing power, may come true. Some of our colleagues have become

accustomed to such problems, and take them for granted. This is even moredangerous.Asasayinggoes,“Stayinafishmarket longenough,andonewillgetusedtothestink.”[12]

We should keep in mind the ancient warning that “hedonism andextravaganceleadtodeclineanddemise,”[13]andlaunchfull-scaleexaminations,overhaulsandclean-upstoeliminatedefectsandmisconductfromtheParty,andaddressthepeople’smostpressingconcerns.

Notes

[1]DengXiaoping:“UpholdtheFourCardinalPrinciples,”SelectedWorksofDengXiaoping,Vol.II,Eng.ed.,ForeignLanguagesPress,Beijing,1994,pp.185-186.

[2]“PartyConsolidation” refers to theoverhaulof theParty’sworkingpracticesandorganization.Theprogram,whichlastedfromthewinterof1983to1987,aimedtounifythePartymembers’mindset,rectifytheParty’sworkpractices,reinforcedisciplineandcleanseitsorganization.

[3] The “Three Emphases” Education refers to the education program in Party spirit and workpractices forParty andgovernment leaders above county level.The programconducted fromNovember1998toDecember2000,emphasizedtheoreticalstudy,politicalawareness,andbeinghonestandupright.

[4]Education toMaintain thePioneeringRoleofPartyMembersrefers to theParty-wideprogramfocusedontheimportantthoughtoftheThreeRepresents.FromJanuary2005toJune2006over70millionParty members and more than 3.5 million grassroots Party organizations participated in the educationprogram.

[5] All Party members took part in the program of in-depth study and implementation of theScientific Outlook on Development, during the period from September 2008 to February 2010. Theprogram was themed on the Scientific Outlook on Development, with focus on educating Party andgovernmentleadersabovecountylevel.

[6]MaoZedong: “JinggangMountains,”MaoZedongPoems, Eng. ed., ForeignLanguagesPress,Beijing,1998,p.9.

[7]LiHe:OdetotheJourneyofYanmenPrefect.LiHe(790-816)wasaleadingpoetoftheTangDynasty.

[8]Krikun,a journalist inFrontline (1942), adramawrittenbyAlexanderKorneychukduring theGreat PatrioticWar of the former Soviet Union. He created news by reporting rumors and making upstories,andhisnameisoftenusedtodescribefabricationandexaggerationinnewsreporting.

[9]LuoYin:ForMyself.LuoYin(833-919)wasawriteroftheTangDynasty.

[10]LiBai:InvitationtoWine.

[11]OneofthefinalepisodesinthelifeofrebelliouswarlordXiangYuduringthelateQinDynasty(221-206BC).Xiang,theself-proclaimed“OverlordofWesternChu”couldnottoleratedifferentopinions,

andhisflawedpersonalityfinallyresultedinhisdownfallfollowingthesiegeofGaixia.XiangdrankhisfinaltoastswithConcubineYu,andsanglyricsofheroismandlament.ConcubineYudancedforXiangonelasttime,tookhisswordandcommittedsuicide.XiangbrokeoutofthesiegeandfledtothebanksoftheWujiangRiver,wherehecommittedsuicidebyslittinghisthroatwithhissword.FarewellMyConcubineisametaphorforfinaldownfallresultingfromarbitraryconductandlosingtouchwiththepeople.

[12]TheFamilyTeachingofConfucius(KongZiJiaYu).

[13]NewBookoftheTangDynasty(XinTangShu).

TheGuidingThoughtsandGoalsfortheProgramofMassLineEducationandPractice*

June18,2013

*PartofthespeechattheworkingconferenceoftheProgramofMassLineEducationandPracticeheldbytheCPCCentralCommittee.

ThePartyCentralCommitteehasstipulatedtheguidingthoughts,goalsandtasks,basicprinciples,methodsandsteps for theParty’sprogramofmass lineeducationandpractice.ToimplementtheCentralCommittee’srequirements,wemust uphold socialism with Chinese characteristics, and fully implement theplansanddecisionsmadeattheParty’s18thNationalCongress.Wemustfollowthe guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng XiaopingTheory, the important thought of the Three Represents, and the ScientificOutlook on Development, and make every effort to implement the plans andrequirementssetforthbytheCentralCommitteesincetheCPC’s18thNationalCongress.

Wemustmaintain and develop the Party’s pioneering role and integrity,and effectively strengthen education for all Party members on the Marxistviewpoint on the people and the Party’s mass line, focusing on serving thepeople andonbeingdown-to-earth,honest andupright in conduct.We shouldstart by implementing the Eight Rules[1] of the Party Central Committee, andstrivetosolvethemostpressingproblems.Thekeyliesinthefollowing:

First, focusing on goals and tasks. We have learned from previouseducationprogramswithinthePartythatwell-setgoalsarecentraltothesuccessofsuchprograms.Whenweorganizetheseactivitieswenaturallyexpectthemtoproduce results, and the greater the better. We should also be realistic whenmaking plans. This education program will last a year, and be conducted inquarterlyunits,sowecannotexpect toresolveallproblemsinside thePartyatonestroke.

Manyproblemswillremaintobeaddressedthroughregularwork.Herewe

must consider one question: Ten wounds partially treated or one completelycured – which is better? Based on this consideration, the Party CentralCommitteehasdecidedthatpromotingPartyconductshouldbethefirstpriority,andoureffortsshouldbeconcentratedonsolvingproblemsrelatingtothe“fourformsofdecadence”:formalism,bureaucratism,hedonismandextravagance.

Why should we concentrate on these four problems? Because they runcontrary to our Party’s very nature and purpose, and because they are theproblemsthatthepublichatesthemost.Theyareofthemostpressingconcerntothe people, and they are at the root of the greatest damage to the relationsbetweenthePartyandthepeopleandbetweenofficialsandthepeople.AlltheotherproblemswithinthePartyarerelatedtothe“fourformsofdecadence,”orhavespunofffromthem.Oncethe“fourformsofdecadence”areresolved,therewillbeasounderbasefortreatingotherproblems.

Following theParty’s18thNationalCongress, thePoliticalBureauof theCentralCommitteemadeimprovingPartyconductitspriorityasaresultofthesame considerations. We should consolidate our previous achievements inimprovingPartyconduct,andexpandthemthroughstudyingandpracticingtheParty’smassline.

To solve the “four forms of decadence,” wemust set an accurate focus,locate the “acupoints,” and firmly grasp the vitals, and we must not allowourselvestobedistracted.Infightingformalism,weshouldfocusonpromotingdown-to-earth work, and educate and guide Party members and officials onimprovingtheirapproachtotheoreticalstudy,meetingsandofficialdocuments,andworkingpractices.Theymustbepreparedtostandfirmoncardinalissuesofrightandwrongandholdtotheirprincipleswithoutflinching.Theymustdevotethemselves wholeheartedly to their duties, and spare themselves no effort inunderstanding the true conditions faced by the people, in promoting concretemeasures,andinachievingsolidresultsthroughadown-to-earthapproach.

In fighting bureaucratism, we should focus on solving the problems ofisolationfromthepeopleandfailuretoprotecttheirinterests.Againweshouldeducate Party members and officials, and guide them in working at thegrassroots to understand the true conditions faced by the people, in remainingcommittedtodemocraticcentralism,inlearningfromthepeople,inansweringtothepeople,inservingthepeople,andinacceptingoversightbythepeople.We

must be resolute in correcting problems such as perfunctory performance ofduties, evading and shirking responsibilities, and infringing upon the people’sinterests.

In fighting hedonism we should focus on overcoming indulgence inpleasure and privileges. Once more we should educate Party members andofficials, and guide them in keeping to the “two musts,”[2] in beingwholeheartedly devoted to public service and performing their duties withdiligence, in upholding political integrity, and in preserving a spirit of highprinciplesandhardwork.

In fightingextravagance,we should focusonputtinganend tounhealthypractices such as self-indulgence, luxury and dissipation. Again we shouldeducate Party members and officials, and guide them in practicing thrift andstanding against waste, in leading a simple life, in being strict with theirspending,andindoingeverythinginano-frillsmanner.

Toputanendtothe“fourformsofdecadence,”wemuststartfromreality,identify themainpressingproblems,andconcentrateon thoseproblemswhicharemostsevereormostpressing.Wemustbepreciseinidentifyingourtargets,andachieveeffectiveresults.

Second, implementing general requirements with diligence. During theRectification Movement in Yan’an[3], Mao Zedong proposed an intensivecampaign to fight against subjectivism, sectarianism, and “eight-legged Partyessays.”[4]HesaidthatitwasnoteasytocleansethePartyofthesedefects,andthatpatientsmustbegivenaheavydoseofstimulustowakethemupandmakethemsweatbeforebeingsentfortreatment.LearningfromtheexperienceoftheYan’an Rectification Movement, the current requirements for studying andpracticingtheParty’smasslinehavebeenclearlydefined:“Examineoneselfinthemirror,straightenone’sclothesandhat,takeabath,andtreatone’sdisease.”It canalsobe summarized in fourphrases: self-purification, self-improvement,self-innovationandself-enhancement.However,itiseasiertosaythantodo.

To “examine oneself in themirror,” Partymembers should use the PartyConstitutionasamirrorinwhichtomeasurethemselves.Howdotheyperformin terms of the Party’s discipline, the people’s expectations, and their rolemodels, and how can they improve themselves in performance and conduct?

They should identify their shortcomings in upholding the Party’s principles,promoting healthy working practices, and maintaining integrity and self-discipline. They should recognize how far they have fallen short of thesestandards, and they should be clear in terms of how they will improvethemselves.

Amirrorcanbeusedforself-reflection,anditcanalsobedirectedtowardsothers.On thisoccasion it is tobeusedforPartymembers themselves. In reallife, some people always feel good about themselves, and seldom look in themirror.Someareonlytoowellawareoftheirshortcomings,sotheyareafraidoflookinginthemirror.Someliketoadmirethemselvesinthebestpossiblelight,and so theyputonmake-upbefore looking in themirror.Some take theviewthat they are perfect; it is others who are disfigured – they only hold up themirror in front of others. None of these is compatible with Communistprinciples.Partymembersandofficialsshoulddaretolookinthemirror,anddoso frequently; in particular they should use the mirror for profound self-examination,toreflectuponeventhetiniestflaws.Inthiswaytheywillbeabletoseetheirshortcomingsandrectifythem.

To “straighten one’s clothes and hat” means that one should, afterexamining oneself in the mirror, and based on the principles of serving thepeople,beingdown-to-earthinone’swork,andupholdingintegrity,daretofaceone’s weaknesses and shortcomings, strictly observe the Party’s discipline,especiallyitspoliticaldiscipline,startwiththemselvesinfacinguptoproblems,andtakeimmediatestepstorectifytheirconduct.Theyshouldtaketheinitiativeto renew their faith in the Party character, review their obligations as Partymembers,andstiffentheirresolvetoobservePartydisciplineandstatelaws,soas to present a positive image as good Communists. It is not enough to“straightenone’sclothesandhat”onlyonce,theyneedto“examinethemselvesthreetimesaday.”[5]

It takes courage to face problems and try to solve them, and thismeanstakingtheinitiative.“Disastersoftenresultfromneglectingthesmallestthings;thewiseandbraveareoftentrappedbytheirminorindulgences.”[6]Developingahabitofregularly“straighteningone’sclothesandhat”willhelppreventsmallwrongdoingsfromgrowingintobigones,andcanalsoeffectivelyprotectagainst“fallingfeatherssubmergingaboatandanexcessloadbreakingacartaxle.”[7]

To “take a bath,” Party members should follow the spirit of theRectification Movement and engage in criticism and self-criticism amongthemselves. They should conduct in-depth analysis of the reasons for theirproblems,dustoff theirmindsand theiractions,andon thebasisofwhat theyfind beneath, address both problems in their way of thinking and in theirconduct,soastomaintainthepoliticalintegrityofCommunists.

Weareexposedtodusteveryday,whichiswhyweneedtotakeshowersregularly.Use some soap, give yourself a scrubwith a loofah, and then rinseyourselfoff–youwillfeelcleanandrefreshed.Similarly,ourmindsandactionscangetdustytoo,taintedbypoliticalmicrobes,sowealsoneedto“takeabath”toridourselvesofdustandgrime,refreshourbodyandmind,unclogourpores,andgetourmetabolismworking,so thatwecarryoutourdutiesearnestlyandupholdpersonal integrity.Someprefer tocoverup thedust in theirmindsandactions, and are loath to “take a bath.” In such cases, our colleagues and ourPartyorganizationsshouldprovidethemwithsomehelp.

To“treatone’sdisease”meansthePartybelievesthatitshouldlearnfrompastmistakestoavoidfutureones,andcurethediseasetosavethepatient.OurPartydrawsdistinctionsbetweendifferentcases,andpreparesdifferentremediesfor different diseases. Party members and officials who have problems inconductareeducatedandwarned, thosewithseriousproblemsareinvestigatedand punished, and special programs are organized to crack down on seriousmisconductandmajorproblems.

Whenaperson is ill,hemustvisit thedoctor for treatment,perhapsevenhaveanoperationifthecaseisserious.Ifitisanailmentinmindorconduct,itshould alsobe treated as soon as possible.Aminor illness candevelop into aserious complication if we conceal the ailment and avoid the doctor, and adisease can spread from the skin to internal organs, and eventually becomeincurable.Thisisexactlywhatwemeanby“curinganillnessiseasyatthestart,butsavingaterminalpatientishard.”[8]

Partyorganizationsatall levelsshouldtakestrongmeasures tohelpPartymembers and officials who have problems in identifying their diseases, andprovide remedies according to the symptoms. Those who need to takeTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)shouldtakeTCM,thosewhoneedtotakeWesternmedicineshouldtakeWesternmedicine,andthosewhoneedcombined

treatmentofTCMandWesternmedicineshouldbegivensuchtreatment.Thosewho need operations should have operations performed on them. We musteffectivelyensurethatthePartyisrunwithstrictdiscipline.

Third, engaging in criticism and self-criticism following the spirit of theRectificationMovement.Criticism and self-criticism is a goodParty tradition,and an effective weapon for enhancing the capacity of Party organizations intheirefforttomaintainunityandsolidarityinsidetheParty.WhydoweneedtofollowthespiritoftheRectificationMovementandengageincriticismandself-criticism? Because various problems afflicting the people inside the Party,especially the“fourformsofdecadence,”arechronicandpersistentconditionsthatneedtobeaddressedwithcourage.Wemustdaretolosefaceinexposingshortcomings andmistakes, dare to take up our hammers and crack the toughnuts,daretoengageinbattles,anddaretodigdowntotherootsandtouchthesoul. Currently the keen blade of criticism and self-criticism has become dulland rusty in many places, and cannot reach down to the deeper levels ofproblems and deal with them. Like hitting a person with a feather duster, itcausesnopain. Insomeplacesself-criticismhasmorphed intoself-praise,andcriticismintoflattery.Inournewprogramwemustworkhardoncriticismandself-criticism.

We should ensure that Party branch meetings effectively carry out suchcriticismandself-criticism.PartyorganizationsatalllevelsshouldeducatePartymembersandofficialsintheformulaof“unity-criticism-unity,”andrelievethemof the worries of losing face when criticizing one’s self, of suffering fromretaliation for criticizing one’s superiors, of damaging friendships withcolleagues by criticizing persons of equivalent rank, and of losing support bycriticizingsubordinates.

Partymembersandofficialsshouldnotonlyconductin-depthanalysisandexamination of themselves, but also share genuine criticism of each other totouchthemindandsoul.Theirreddenedfacesandsweatthatsoresultwillbringahostofproblems into theopen,andshowthedirection towards rectification.Bothcriticismandself-criticismshouldbeconductedwithrespectforfacts,withgood intentions towards others, and for the public good. There will be noburyingofheadsinthesand.Noonewillacteithersuperficiallyorexcessivelyduringcriticismsessions,andpersonalgrudgeswillbeavoided.Goodadviceisjarring to the ear, just asgoodmedicine is bitter to the tongue. In response to

criticism,youshouldcorrectmistakesifyouhavemadeany,andguardagainstthem if you have not. We should never use “criticism” as a weapon againstcriticism,orfighteachotherwithoutprinciple.

The eyesof thepeople are sharp.They seevery clearly and are only tooawareofproblemswithPartymembersandofficials.Inconductingourprogramwemust be open to the public, and solicit opinions and suggestions from thepeople. We must organize orderly public participation at each stage of theprocess,andallow thepeople to superviseouractionsandair theirviews.Weshouldavoid“talking toourselvesorsinging toourselves,”orworkingbehindcloseddoorswheretheaircirculatesonlyinternally.Weshouldavoidisolatingourselvesfromthepeople.

Fourth, leadingofficials taking the lead.Weoften hear voices cryingoutthat long-standing problems cannot be solved because they are rooted in theupperlevels,althoughthesymptomsappearatthelowerlevels.Theupperlevelis sick, but the lower level receives the medicine. Indeed, many problems ofisolation from the people are apparent in leading bodies and leading officials.Thisprogramshouldconcentrateonleadingbodies,leadinggroupsandleadingofficialsabovethecountylevel.

Asthesayinggoes,onemustdisciplineoneselfbeforediscipliningothers,and it takes good iron to make good products. The Central Committee hasdecidedtostarttheprogramfromthePoliticalBureau,aimingatsettingagoodexample.Leadingbodies,leadinggroupsandleadingofficialsabovethecountylevelmustalsosetgoodexamples.

Leadingofficialsatalllevelsaretheorganizers,promotersandsupervisorsoftheprogram,buttheyarealsoparticipants.TheyshouldtakepartinactivitiesasordinaryPartymembersandstriveforgreaterachievements instudyingandpracticingtheParty’smassline,andalsoinbetteringtheirabilitytoanalyzeandsolvepressingproblems.

Whether an official can conduct a precise, in-depth and strict self-assessmentisanimportantgaugeforjudginghisroleasaleaderinthisprogram.Thosewhoareselflessarefearless.

Officialsshouldputaside theirairsand listencarefully to theopinionsof

theirsubordinates,ofthegrassrootsorganizations,ofPartymembers,andoftheordinarypeople.Theyshouldengageinself-examinationbysettingthemselvesasstandardsandcarefullylookingforanypressingproblemsinimprovingtheirownconduct.They should look into the conduct of their leadinggroups, theirdepartments and their regions, conduct in-depth analysis of the root causes ofany problems, and decide on the direction for rectification and any concretemeasurestobetaken.

In examining problems officials must avoid at all costs dealing withproblemswhile avoiding thosewho are behind the problems, dealingwith theproblemsofotherswhileavoidingtheirown,anddealingwithminorproblemswhileavoidingseriousones.Backedbyconfidenceandresolve,wewillboldlyengageincriticismandself-criticism,achievepositiveresultsinsolvingpressingproblems,andsucceedinmakingupperlevelssettheexampleforlowerlevels.

Fifth, establishing a long-termmechanism.Maintaining the Party’s closeties with the people is a constant topic for study, and problems relating toconduct recurandpersist. It is impossible toaccomplish thewhole taskatonestroke,andwecannotpromotePartyconductintemporaryphases,likeapassinggustofwind.Oureffortsinthisregardmustbeconstant,andwemusthavelong-termplans.Asour firstmeasureweshouldaddresspressingproblemsofkeenconcern to thepeople,andat the same timeweshouldplan for the futureandestablishalong-termmechanismforencouragingPartymembersandofficialstoservethepeople,bedown-to-earthintheirwork,andupholdintegrityinoffice.

After many years of experimentation and practice, we have developed asystematicframeworkofregulationsforimplementingtheParty’smasslineandmaintainingclosetieswiththepeople.Mostoftheregulationsareeffectiveandarerecognizedassuchbythepeople,andweshouldcontinuetofollowthem.Atthesametime,thePartyCentralCommitteehasnewrequirementsforthefuture,and departments and regions will also participate in creating new and freshexperiences.

We should integrate the requirements of the Central Committee, actualneeds,andfreshexperiencestodevelopnewsystemsthatareappropriatetothecurrent situation, toupgrade the existing systemsand to abolish those that arenot.Anynewly-developedor improved systemmustbeeasy to implement,becoherent with the established laws, and function within the existing legal

framework. Attention must be given to formulating supporting measures tomatchthenewsystemsandmakesurethattheyarepreciselytargetedandabletoguideourworkeffectively.

Onceasystemisinplacewemustallabidebyit,andensurethateveryoneisequalbeforeitandthatnoexceptionsariseinitsapplication.Wemustbefirminprotectingitsauthority,andresoluteinrespondingtothosewhorefusetobeboundbyitorfeigncompliancewhileunderminingit.Weshouldletoursystemsact as rigorous constraints for ensuring that Party members and officialsmaintain close ties with and serve the people, and that Party members andofficialshavetheindividualwilltoimplementtheParty’smassline.

Notes

[1]TheEightRuleswereproposedbythePoliticalBureauofthe18thCentralCommitteeoftheCPCto cut bureaucracy andmaintain close tieswith the people.They are summarized as follows: improvinginvestigation and research, streamlining conference activities, simplifying the writing of documents andbriefings,standardizingtrips,enhancingsecurityguardwork,improvingnewsreports,imposingrestrictionsonpublishingofwritings,andpracticingdiligenceandfrugality.

[2]The“twomusts”referto“ourcomradesmustremainmodestandprudent,neitherconceitednorrash, in our working practices; and our comrades must remain hardworking despite difficulties in ourworkingpractices.”TheywereproposedbyMaoZedongintheReporttotheSecondPlenarySessionoftheSeventhCentralCommitteeof theCPC.At the time, theCPCwasabout towinstatepowernationwide.Maocautioned thewholeParty on standing the test of exercisinggovernance and against arrogance andcomplacency,loveofpleasureandestrangementfromthepeoplethatwouldendtheruleoftheCPC.

[3]Yan’anRectificationMovementreferstoaMarxist-LeninisteducationcampaigninsidetheCPCfrom1942to1945.Itsmainaimswere:tofightagainstobjectivisminordertoimprovetheoreticalstudy;tofight against sectarianism in order to improve Party conduct; and to fight against “eight-legged Partyessays”inordertoimprovewriting.

[4]The“eight-leggedessay”wasaspecialwritingskill tested in the imperialexaminationsduringChina’sMingandQingdynasties.This typeofessaywasemptyincontent,focusedexclusivelyonformandmainlyinvolvedwordplay.Eachsectionoftheessayhadtofollowarigidpattern,andeventhenumberofwordsusedwaspredefined.Examinees justwrote essaysby following the rules and according to theliteral meaning of the topic. The phrase “eight-legged Party essay” refers to empty writing full ofrevolutionarystockphrasesandjargoncomposedbyPartymembersforspeechesorotherpublicitywork.


[6]OuyangXiu:“PrefacetotheBiographyoftheSingingCourtier.”OuyangXiu(1007-1072)wasastatesmanandwriteroftheNorthernSongDynasty(960-1127).

[7]SimaQian:RecordsoftheHistorian(ShiJi).

[8]FanYe:TheBookoftheEasternHanDynasty(HouHanShu).FanYe(398-445)wasahistorianduringtheNorthernandSouthernDynasties(386-589).

EstablishandPromotetheConductof“ThreeStrictsandThreeEarnests”*

March9,2014

*MainpointsofthespeechatthedeliberationsessionoftheAnhuidelegationattheSecondSessionofthe12thNationalPeople’sCongress.

PromotinggoodPartyconductisalwayshighonouragenda.Wewillfallshortofouraimsifthisprogramtailsoffandwebecomelaxinthelaterstages.Leading officials at all levels should enforce standards of good conduct onthemselvesandothers.Bestrictinself-development,theexerciseofpowerandself-discipline; be earnest inmaking plans, opening up new undertakings andupholdingpersonalintegrity.

Being strict in self-development means that leading officials shouldstrengthentheirsenseofPartyawareness,standfirminsupportoftheidealsandprinciples of the Party, cultivate integrity, pursue lofty goals,make a point ofdistancing themselves fromvulgar interests, and resist unhealthypractices andevilinfluences.

Being strict in the exercise of powermeans that leading officials shouldexercisepowerintheinterestsofthepeople,exercisepowerinaccordancewithrules and regulations, keeppowerwithin the confinesof systemic checks, andneitherseekprivilegesatanytimenorabusepowerforpersonalgain.

Being strict in self-discipline means that leading officials should respectdisciplineandalwaysbereadytoapplytherodtothemselves,guardagainstalltemptationswhenalone,beprudent,engage indiligent self-examination,abidebyPartydisciplineandstatelaws,andupholdintegrityingovernance.

Beingearnestinmakingplansmeansthatleadingofficialsshouldtakefactsasthebasisforworkplanning,ensurethatallideas,policiesandplansareinlinewithactualconditions,objective lawsandscientificprinciple, andavoidbeingoverlyambitiousanddivorcedfromreality.

Beingearnestinopeningupnewundertakingsmeansthatleadingofficialsshouldbedown-to-earthintheirapproachtotheirduties,bepragmaticandsolidintheirwork,beboldintakingonresponsibilitiesandfacingproblems,andbeadeptatsolvingproblems.Theyshouldstrivetocreateconcreteresultsthatwillstanduptobeingtestedbypractice,bythepeopleandbytime.

Being earnest in upholdingpersonal integritymeans that leadingofficialsshouldremainloyaltotheParty,totheorganization,tothepeople,andtotheircolleagues.Theyshouldbehonestandtruthful,dosoundwork,beaboveboard,andbejustandupright.

Wemustwork to resolve problemswith force and tenacity as a hammerdrives a nail.Wemustmake sure that we start well and end well, and workwholeheartedlytoproducethebestpossibleresultssoastoachievethegreatestpossiblesuccessinimprovingPartyconduct.

CombatCorruption

PowerMustBe“Caged”bytheSystem*

January22,2013

*MainpointsofthespeechattheSecondPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommissionforDisciplineInspection.

AllPartymembersmustactincompliancewiththeplansmadeatthe18thCPCNationalCongress,combatandpreventcorruptioninamorescientificandeffective way, and resolutely press ahead with the effort to improve Partyconduct,upholdintegrityandrootoutcorruption.InthefightagainstcorruptionwemustadheretotheguidanceofDengXiaopingTheory,theimportantthoughtoftheThreeRepresentsandtheScientificOutlookonDevelopment,andfollowtheprincipleofaddressingbothsymptomsandrootcauses,takinganintegratedapproach,meteoutpunishmentandensureprevention,withtheemphasisonthelatter.

WemuststrengthenourPartyifwearetofulfillthegoalsandtaskssetoutat its18thNationalCongress, including theTwoCentenaryGoals, and realizetheChineseDreamofthegreatrenewaloftheChinesenation.ImprovingPartyconduct,upholdingintegrityandcombatingcorruptionareimportanttasksinthecourseofbuildingtheParty.Onlyifweremaincleananduprightingovernanceandexercisepowerinafairwaycanwewinpublictrustandsupport.

Over the past 30 years since the reform and opening-up policy wasintroduced,theParty’ssecondandthirdcentralleadership,withDengXiaopingandJiangZeminattheirrespectivecores,andthePartyCentralCommitteewithHuJintaoasthegeneralsecretary,consistentlyattachedgreatimportancetothetasks of improving Party conduct, upholding integrity, and combatingcorruption.Theymaintainedaclearstandagainstcorruption,adoptedeffectivemeasuresagainst it, andmade remarkableachievementswhichhaveplayedanimportant role in preserving and developing the Party’s advanced nature andpurity,andprovidedastrongguaranteefortheParty’sleadershipinthereformandopening-upeffort,andthesocialistmodernizationdrive.

Our Party is by and large sound.Yet,wemust be fully aware that someareas are still prone tomisconduct and corruption,major cases of violationofPartydisciplineandstate lawshavehadseriousadverseeffectsonsociety, thefight against corruption remains a serious challenge, and the people aredissatisfiedwithourworkinmanyareas.Facedwiththelong-term,complicatedand arduous tasks of improving Party conduct, upholding integrity andcombating corruption, we must persevere in our anti-corruption effort andalways remain vigilant against corruption and degeneracy. The key is torepeatedlystressthefightagainstcorruptionandmakealong-termcommitment.Wemustsolidifyourresolve,ensurethatallcasesofcorruptionareinvestigatedandprosecuted,andthatall instancesofgraftarerectified,continuetoremovethebreedinggroundsforcorruption,andfurtherwinpublictrustbymakingrealprogressinthefightagainstcorruption.

Our Party is a Marxist party, the organization of which relies onrevolutionaryidealsandstrictdiscipline.ThishasalwaysbeenourParty’sfinetradition and unique advantage. The more complicated the situation and theheavierthetasksfacingtheParty,themoreweneedtoreinforcedisciplineandthemoreweneedtosafeguardunitywithintheParty.Inthiswaywecanensurethat thewhole Party is unified in terms of determination and synchronized inactionsandprogress.TorunthePartywithstrictdiscipline,wehavetofirstandforemost implement strict political discipline, which in turn starts fromobservingandsafeguardingthePartyConstitution.TheessenceofobservingtheParty’s political discipline is to adhere to the Party’s leadership, basic theory,basicline,basicprogram,basicexperienceandbasicrequirements,keepinlinewith thePartyCentralCommittee, and conscientiously safeguard its authority.All Party members must keep in line with the Party Central Committeeintellectually and politically aswell as in their actions concerning the Party’sbasic theories, guidelines, principles and policies, and othermatters of overallimportance.Partyorganizationsandofficialsatalllevelsmustdevelopaholisticview and appropriately handle the relationship between ensuring smoothimplementation of the central leadership’s orders and policies and conductingworkwithaninnovativespiritbasedonconcreteconditions,makingsurethatallplans concerning localworkanddevelopment arebasedon theprerequisiteofimplementing the central leadership’s guidelines. We must prevent or, ifnecessary, rectify departmental and local protectionism and parochialism, andneverallowlocalpoliciestotrumpcentralpolicies,thesideliningofgovernment

decrees or prohibitions, or perfunctory or selective enforcement of oraccommodationsintheenforcementofthecentralleadership’spolicydecisionsandplans.

Every Party member, especially leading officials, must enhance hisunderstandingofthePartyConstitution,observetheConstitutioninbothwordsand actions, andmaintain in all circumstances a firm political belief, politicalstance and political orientation. Party organizations at all levelsmust take theinitiative to implement and safeguard theParty’s political discipline, and raiseParty members’ awareness of observing it. Party discipline inspectioncommissions at all levels must put priority on ensuring compliance with theParty’s political discipline, and strengthen supervision and inspection on theimplementationofpoliticaldiscipline.

Theissueofworkingstyleisinnosenseasmallone.Ifmisconductisnotcorrectedbutallowedtorunrampant,itwillbuildaninvisiblewallbetweenourParty and the people. As a result, our Party will lose its base, lifeblood andstrength.Regardingthetaskofimprovingourworkingstyle,eacheffortcounts,but carrying on and furthering the spirit of hard struggle is of fundamentalimportance. The task of improving our working style is arduous. The “eightrules” provide uswith a starting point and a call for us to improve ourworkpractices.Theyarenotthehigheststandardsnorourultimategoal,butthefirststep to improving our working style as well as the basic requirements forCommunists.Asasayinggoes,“Hewhoisgoodatgoverningthroughrestrictionshould first restricthimself thenothers.”[1]Officials at all levelsmust conductthemselves in an exemplary fashion, take the lead in improving their conduct,andkeeptheirpromises.Wemustpracticefrugalityinallaspectsofourwork,andresolutelyopposewaste,extravaganceandhedonism.Weshouldvigorouslycarryout the fine traditionsof thriftandhardworkof theChinesenation,andadvocatetheideasoftakingprideinthriftandshameinwastesothatahealthyatmosphereofpracticingthriftandopposingwastewillbecomepredominant.

Alllocalitiesanddepartmentsmustfullyimplementtherelevantregulationson improving Party conduct, and implement these regulations in every aspectand in every link of our work. The people’s satisfaction is the standard formeasuringprogress inchangingourwayofwork.Wemust extensively solicitpublic opinions and suggestions, steadily accept public assessment and

supervision by the whole of society, and make improvements in areasconcerning which people have expressed dissatisfaction. The CentralCommissionforDisciplineInspectionoftheParty,theMinistryofSupervisionandPartydisciplineinspectioncommissionsandsupervisiondepartmentsatalllevelsmuststrengtheninspectionandsupervisiontoensurethatPartydisciplineis implemented, accountability ismaintained, andperformance is ensured.Weshouldfightcorruptionwithstrongdetermination,“leavemarkswhenwetreadonstonesorgrasp iron,”persevere inouranti-corruptioneffort tillweachievefinalsuccessrather thanstartofffullofsoundandfuryandthentaperoff inawhimper. We must let the whole Party and the people oversee power, anddemonstrate to the people continuous and real results and changes of Partyconductandthecombatofcorruption.

The resolute determination in punishing and wiping out corruptiondemonstratesthestrengthofourParty,andisacommonaspirationofallPartymembersandthepublicaswell.ThePartyhasshownafirmdeterminationandanunequivocalattitudeinstrictlyinvestigatingandprosecutingseriouscasesofviolation of Party discipline involving Party members and officials, includingsomehigh-rankingones.ThisisaclearsignaltothewholePartyandthewholeofsocietythatanyonewhoviolatesPartydisciplineandstatelaws,whoeverheis and whatever position he holds, will be fully investigated and severelypunished. This is not empty talk. We must not let up one iota in terms ofgoverningthePartywithstrictdiscipline.

Weshouldcontinuetocatch“tigers”aswellas“flies”[2]whendealingwithcasesofleadingofficialsinviolationofPartydisciplineandstatelawsaswellasmisconductandcorruptionproblemsthatdirectlyaffectthepeople’slivelihood.All are equal before the law and Party discipline; whoever is involved in acorruptioncasemustbethoroughlyandimpartiallyinvestigated.

We should continue to build a complete system of combating corruptionthrough both punishment and prevention, strengthen education on combatingcorruption and upholding integrity, and promote the culture of cleangovernment. We must improve the system of checking and overseeing theexerciseofpower, reinforce state legislationagainst corruption, improve intra-party rules, regulations and institutions concerning the fight against corruptionandupholdingintegrity,carryforwardreformsinareaspronetocorruption,and

ensure that government agencies exercise their power in accordance withauthorizationandprocedures.Wemustenhancechecksandsupervisionovertheexerciseofpower,makesure thatpower is“caged”by thesystem,andformapunishment mechanism to deter corruption, a warning mechanism to preventcorruptionandaguaranteemechanismtocurbcorruption.Leadingofficialsatalllevelsmustbearfirmlyinmindthefactthatnobodyisabovethelawandthatallofficials must exercise state power to serve the people, be responsible to thepeopleandbesupervisedbythepeople.Wemuststrengthenthemonitoringof“the first men in command,” implement democratic centralism, increasetransparencyinadministration,andensure that leadingofficialsdonotact inahigh-handedmannerorseekpersonalgain.

Incombatingcorruptionandupholdingintegritywemustalsoopposeideasand practices smacking of privilege. Members of the CPC are at all timesordinarymembers of the working people. Party members are only entitled tosomepersonalbenefitsandjob-relatedfunctionsandpowersprescribedbylawsandpolicies, andmustnot seekanypersonalgainorprivilegeoverandabovethose. The issue of privilege is not only a major concern in our efforts toimprovePartyconductandbuildacleangovernment,butalsoacrucialproblemthat affects the Party’s and the state’s capacity to preserve their vitality andvigor.Wemustadopteffectivemeasurestoresolutelyopposeandcurbideasandinstancesofseekingprivilege.

We must mobilize the whole Party to improve Party conduct, upholdintegrityandcombatcorruption.Withinthescopeoftheirfunctionsandduties,Party committees at all levels should bear total leadership responsibility forimprovingPartyconductandbuildingacleangovernment.Wemustcontinuetoimplement and improve the leadership system and working mechanism forcombating corruption, give full play to the role of Party discipline inspectioncommissions,supervisiondepartments,andjudiciaryandauditingagencies,andworkwith them in a concerted effort to better improve Party conduct, upholdintegrity and combat corruption.Wemust ensure support for Party disciplineinspectioncommissionsandsupervisionagenciesinperformingtheirduties,andshowconcernandcareforpeopleworkingat thesecommissionsandagencies.WeshouldpayspecialattentiontoprotectingthosewhoarefullyawareofPartyspirit and are courageous enough to stick to principle, and create conditionsfavorableforthemtodotheirjobs.Partydisciplineinspectioncommissionsand

supervision agencies at all levels must also step up their efforts to build acontingent of honest officials, and improve their capacity to carry out theirfunctionsandduties,sothattheycanensurebetterinspectionandsupervision.

Notes

[1]Referringtohigh-rankingoffendersaswellaspettyones.–Tr.

[2]XunYue:HistoryasaMirror(ShenJian).XunYue(148-209)wasaphilosopherandhistorianoftheEasternHanDynasty.

HistoricalWisdomHelpsUsCombatCorruptionandUpholdIntegrity*

April19,2013

*MainpointsofthespeechatthefifthgroupstudysessionofthePoliticalBureauofthe18thCPCCentralCommitteewhichXipresidedover.

We should not only draw on historical experiences, but also learn fromthem.Weareconfrontedwithacomplexandvolatileinternationalsituationandan arduous taskof promoting reform,development and stability.To fulfill theTwoCentenaryGoalsandrealizetheChineseDreamoftherejuvenationoftheChinese nationwemust ensure that the Party supervises its own conduct andruns itselfwith strict discipline.Wemust drawupon the fine culture of cleangovernment in Chinese history, steadily improve the Party’s leadership andgovernance skills, and become better able to combat corruption, preventdegeneracyandwardoffrisks.WemustalsoensurethatthePartyisalwaysthefirmleadershipcoreguidingthecauseofChinesesocialism.

ToimprovePartyconduct,upholdintegrityandcombatcorruption,weneedtocontinuethesuccessfulpracticesthePartyhaslongaccumulated, learnfromother countries’ beneficial experiences and draw upon the valuable legacy ofChinese history. China’s history of combating corruption and its ancient anti-corruption culture offer enlightenment, as do the failures and successes of thepast.Thishistoricalwisdomcanhelpusdoabetterjobincombatingcorruptionandupholdingintegritytoday.

ThroughathoroughreviewofhistoryinChinaandelsewhere,ourPartyhasrealized that improving Party conduct, upholding integrity and combatingcorruption are vital for the survival of the Party and the state. The key is toremain firmly reliant on the people,maintain close ties with them, and neverbecome isolated from them. To achieve this, we must do everything in ourpower to address corruption and other negative phenomena, see to it that theParty always identifies itself with the people, and shares their concerns andultimatelytheirdestiny.

TheCPCCentralCommittee has called upon us to improve ourworkingpractices by opposing formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism and extravagance.Thisservesasafocusforcombatingcorruptionandupholdingintegrity,aswellasastartingpointforconsolidatingpopularsupportfortheParty’sgovernance.AllPartymembersmustunderstand thepolitical importanceof this issue, stayalert, strictly adhere to the “two musts,” improve our working practices, andcrackdownoncorruptionwithastrongdetermination.Wemustleaveourmark,like leavingourmarkwhenwe treadon stonesorgrasp steel, andcontinue towinpopulartrustwithnewvictoriesinthefightagainstcorruption.

We must raise public awareness of the need to combat corruption andupholdintegrity,promoteacultureofcleangovernment,andcombinetheruleoflaw with the rule of virtue. Starting by improving moral and intellectualstandardswill be of fundamental importance becausemoral purity is essentialforMarxist parties to stay pure, andmoral integrity is a fundamental trait forofficials to remain clean, honest and upright.We should encourage and guideParty members and officials to adhere to their convictions and ideals, beintellectually firm as Communists, become morally stronger to pursue cleangovernment, and build up their psychological defenses against corruption anddegeneracy.Weshould improvePartymembersandofficials intellectuallyandtheoretically,strengtheneducationinandfosteringofthePartyspiritandbolsterethics.WeshouldguidetheminstudyingandapplyingMarxism-Leninism,MaoZedong Thought, and the system of theories of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics,indevelopingasolidworldviewandahealthyoutlookonpowerandcareer,andinbeingmodelpractitionersofthesocialistmaximsofhonoranddisgrace[1].Theoreticalstudyandimprovementwillensure thatPartymembersand officials are fully committed to theirwork, and highmoral standardswillhelp them to stay clear-minded in exercising state power. In thisway,we canalso help Partymembers and officials increase their awareness of the Party’spurpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, and always preserve the noblecharacterandpoliticalintegrityofCommunists.

Institutionsareoffundamental,overallandlong-lastingimportance,andareclosely related to the stability of the country. The solution to the problem ofcorruption is to improve the system that checks and oversees the exercise ofpower, grant oversight powers to the people, andmake the exercise of powermore transparent and institutionalized.Weshouldprevent and fight corruption

more properly and effectively, establish a complete system for preventing andcombating corruption, andwork harder to ensure the stringent enforcement ofanti-corruptionlawsanddiscipline.Weshouldanalyzetypicalcasesthoroughly,strengthen reform in areas prone to corruption, improve our institutions andsystems to reduce loopholes to an absolute minimum, and eliminate anybreedinggroundsforcorruptionthroughfurtherreform.

Wemusttirelesslycombatcorruption,andalwaysremainvigilantagainstit.Weshouldkeepitinmindthat“Manywormswilldisintegratewood,andabigenough crack will lead to the collapse of a wall.”[2] We must be tough incracking down on corruption, and ensure that all cases of corruption areinvestigatedandthatallcorruptofficialsarepunished,catching“tigers”aswellas “flies” – senior officials aswell as junior ones guilty of corruption. In thisway,wewilleffectivelyprotectthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofthepeopleand see to it that our officials remainhonest andupright, that thegovernmentremainsclean,andthatpoliticalintegrityisupheld.

Notes

[1] On March 4, 2006, Hu Jintao attended a group meeting of the Fourth Session of the TenthNationalCommitteeof theChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConferenceandhelddiscussionswithcommitteemembersoftheChinaDemocraticLeagueandChinaAssociationforPromotingDemocracy.Atthemeeting,heputforththesocialistmaximsofhonoranddisgrace,whichconsistofthefollowingeightmaxims:Lovingthemotherlandishonorableandharmingitisdisgraceful;servingthepeopleishonorableand ignoring them is disgraceful; respect for science is honorable and ignorance is disgraceful;workinghardishonorableandbeinglazyisdisgraceful;workingwithandhelpingothersishonorableandprofitingat their expense is disgraceful; being honest and trustworthy is honorable and sacrificing principles forprofitisdisgraceful;beinglaw-abidinganddisciplinedishonorableandviolatingthelawanddisciplineisdisgraceful;livingasimplelifeishonorableandlivingextravagantlyisdisgraceful.

[2]TheBookofLordShang(ShangJunShu).ThisbookisarepresentativeLegalistworkbyShangYangandhis followers. It is alsoan importantbasis for research into the legalphilosophyof theShangYang School. Shang Yang (c. 390-338 BC) was a statesman, thinker and major representative of theLegalists in themiddleperiodof theWarringStates.He initiatedaseriesof reforms in theStateofQin.Thesereforms,knownastheReformsofLordShang,introducedanewfeudalsystemintheStateofQinandmadethestateprosperousandstrongwithinashortperiodoftime.

ImprovePartyConduct,UpholdIntegrityandCombatCorruption*

January14,2014

*MainpointsofthespeechattheThirdPlenarySessionoftheCentralCommissionforDisciplineInspectionofthe18thCPCCentralCommittee.

Weshouldadhere to theprinciple that thePartyshouldsupervise itsownconductandrunitselfwithstrictdiscipline,andstrengthentheParty’sleadershipinimprovingPartyconduct,upholdingintegrity,andcombatingcorruption.Weshouldimproveourinstitutionstobetterfightagainstcorruption.Wemustalsoredoubleoureffortsinpoliticalandintellectualeducation,reinforcestricterPartydiscipline, continue to remove formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism andextravagance, be severe in cracking down on corruption, and respond to thedemandsofthepeople.

In 2013 theCPCCentral Committeemade it a priority to improve Partyconduct, uphold integrity and combat corruption. In compliance with thedecisionsandplansmadebytheCentralCommittee,theCentralCommissionforDiscipline Inspection has fought firmly against corruption by strengtheningParty discipline, especially by reinforcing political discipline, enhancingoversight of enforcement, and improving investigation into andprosecutionofcorruption cases. Through the concerted efforts of Party committees,governments,disciplineinspectioncommissionsandsupervisoryagenciesatalllevels, progress has been made in improving Party conduct, ensuring cleangovernmentandcombatingcorruption.Thecampaignstartedwith thePoliticalBureauof theCPCCentralCommittee,emphasizing theexemplary roleof thePoliticalBureau.Westartedtoeliminatemalpracticesandpromoteintegritybysolvingpressingproblems,andwehavemaderemarkableprogress.Inresolutelydealingwithcasesofcorruption,wehavecaught“tigers”aswellas“flies,”andthus maintained a tough stance against corrupt officials. We have promotedprocedure-basedexerciseofpower, strengthenedoversight and inspection, andopenedupthechannelsforpubliccomplaintandoversight.Allofthishasbeenwellreceivedbybothofficialsandthegeneralpublic.

While affirming our achievements, wemust also be aware that there arestill breeding grounds for corruption. The fight against corruption remains aseriousandcomplexchallenge.Instancesofmisconductandcorruptionhavehadan adverse effect on society, and they must be immediately addressed. Thewhole Party must realize that the fight against corruption is a long-term,complex, and arduous task. We must be firm in our determination anddemonstrategreatcourageincarryingthiscampaignthroughtotheend.Justaswe would take a heavy dose of medicine to treat a serious disease, we mustapplystringentlawstoaddressdisorder.

Establishing a sound system of combating corruption through bothpunishmentandpreventionrepresentsournationalstrategy.In2013theCentralCommittee issued the “Work Plan for Establishing a Complete System ofCombatingCorruptionThroughBothPunishmentandPrevention(2013-2017).”Thisisthedocumentthatguidesourstrategy.Partycommitteesatalllevelsmustthoroughly implement the demands of this document, which is an importantpolitical task throughout our efforts to promote reform, development andstability.

IntermsofmaintainingtheintimaterelationshipbetweenthePartyandthepeople,wecannotexpecttotreatthisasaone-offcampaignandthenrestonourlaurels. It must be a continuous and relentless effort. Fortunately, we havealreadygotofftoagoodstart,andwecantakeitforwardfromhereinsteps.IfwewanttodevelopahealthyPartyculturewemustfirstandforemosthavefirmbeliefs,andbearinmindtheParty’snature,fundamentalgoalsandrequirementsof officials. As officials under the leadership of the Party, we must separatepublic and personal interests and put public interests above personal interests.Onlyifwealwaysactforthepublicgoodcanwebehonestanduprightinourconduct, and remain clean and prudent in exercising power. Problems ofmisconductofteninvolvethehandlingofprivateandpublicinterests,andmisuseofpublicfundsandstatepower.Publicfundsmustbeusedforpublicpurposes,andnotonecentshouldbespentonseekingpersonalgain.Statepowermustbeexercisedforthepeople,anditmustneverbeusedasatoolforprivatebenefit.Officialsmustalwaysbearthisinmind,makeacleardistinctionbetweenpublicandprivateinterests,devotethemselvestoservingthepublic,andimposestrictself-discipline.

To fight resolutely against corruption, and prevent the Party from

succumbing to decay and degeneration through overlong access to power aretwomajorpoliticaltasksthatwemustworkhardon.Wemustremainresoluteinwipingoutcorruptionandshowzerotoleranceforit.Onceacorruptofficialisidentified,wemustconductathoroughinvestigation.Theimportantthingistotakemeasurestopreventandcurbcorruptioninitsearlieststageofdevelopment,addressingproblemsofcorruptionassoonastheyarefound,inthesamewayaswe treat a disease promptly when it is diagnosed. Any delay in dealing withcorruptionmayleadtomoreseriousproblems,andmustnotbeallowed.Everyofficial must bear the following inmind: “Do not try dipping into the publiccoffersbecauseathievinghandisboundtogetcaught,”[1]and“Contemplatinggood and pursuing it, as if you could not reach it; contemplating evil, andshrinking from it, as you would from thrusting a hand into boiling water.”[2]Officialsmustbe in aweofPartydisciplineand state laws rather than trust toluckinthehopeofescapingpunishmentforcorruption.

Wemust improve Party conduct, uphold integrity and combat corruptionthroughfurtherreform.WemustreformtheParty’sdisciplineinspectionsystem,improve the system and mechanisms for combating corruption, double theeffectiveness of oversight over and restraint on power, and ensure theindependence and authority of discipline inspection commissions at all levels.Wemust improve checks on power, distribute power in a scientificway, andform an effective framework for the exercise of power. We must strengthenoversight with focus on officials, giving particular attention to those first incommand and how they exercise their power, and intensify mutual oversightwithin leadership. We must increase transparency, publicize the proceduresthroughwhichpowerisexercisedinaccordancewiththelaw,andletthepeopleoversee the exercise of power so as to ensure that it is properly used. Incombatingcorruption,Partycommitteesshouldbeduty-bound,whiledisciplineinspection commissions should take on supervisory responsibilities. They allshould strengthen the accountability system to prevent our institutions frombecoming a façade. All Party committees, Party discipline inspectioncommissions, and other relevant departmentsmust fulfill their responsibilities.In adopting reformmeasures, we should keep in mind the task of combatingcorruption through both punishment and prevention, synchronize reformmeasures with the fight against corruption at all stages from preparation todeploymentandimplementation,soastocloseallpossibleloopholesandensurethesmoothprogressofreform.

Our compliance with Party discipline should be unconditional.We mustturn our words into actions, and make sure that Party discipline is fullyimplementedandanyviolationisinvestigated.Wemustnotallowourfindingstobecomeadustydocumentrestingonthetopshelf.Partyorganizationsatalllevels must increase awareness of the need to abide by the Party’s politicalprinciples, and discipline inspection commissions at all levels must see theirpriority as safeguarding the Party’s political discipline so as to ensure that allPartymembersalignthemselveswiththeCPCCentralCommitteeintellectuallyandpoliticallyaswellasintheiractions.

The Party draws its strength from its organization and is constantlyinvigoratedbyit.InordertoreinforcetheParty’sorganizationaldiscipline,wemust enhance our Party spirit, which is amatter of taking a firm stance.WeCommunists, especially leadingofficials,mustbebroad-mindedandaimhigh.We must always bear in mind the interests of the Party, the people and thecountry,conscientiouslyupholdthePartyspirit,andsticktoourprinciples.AllParty members must always remember that we are first and foremost CPCmembersandourprimarydutiesaretoworkforit,remainloyaltoit,andatalltimesidentifyourselveswithit.AllPartymembersmustalwaysrememberthatwearepartoftheorganization,andneverneglectourdutiesandresponsibilitiesto theorganization.Wemust trust, relyon, andobey theorganization, readilyacceptorganizationalarrangementsanddisciplinaryrestraints,andsafeguardtheunityoftheParty.

Democraticcentralismandthesystemofintra-Partyorganizationactivitiesare important institutionsof thePartyandmustbefully implemented.Leadingbodiesandofficialsatalllevelsmustrigorouslyfollowthereportingsystem.Wemust reinforce organizational management of Party members, and guide allPartymembers andofficials indevelopinga correct attitude towards thePartyorganization, matching our deeds to our words, speaking the truth, andembracingthePartyorganization’seducationandoversight.Partyorganizationsatalllevelsmustfullyobserveorganizationaldiscipline,makenoexceptionsinthisregard,andhavethemoralfibertodenounceandrectifyviolationsofPartydisciplinetopreserveitasahigh-tensionlineofdeterrence.

Policies and plans made by the Party Central Committee should beimplemented not only by the Party’s organization departments, publicitydepartments, united front departments, and judicial, procuratorial and public

security bodies, but also by Party organizations in people’s congresses,governments,CPPCCcommittees,people’scourts,andpeople’sprocuratoratesatalllevels,aswellasbyPartyorganizationsinpublicinstitutionsandpeople’sorganizations.AllsuchPartyorganizationsmustfulfilltheirdutyinthisregard.Partyorganizations ingeneralmustbeaccountable toPartycommittees, reporttheirworktoPartycommittees,andperformtheirworktothefullextentoftheirfunctionsanddutiesundertheleadershipofPartycommittees.

Notes

[1]ChenYi:“KeepYourHands inYourOwnPockets,”SelectedPoemsofChenYi,Chinese ed.,People’sLiteraturePublishingHouse,Beijing,1977,p.155.ChenYi(1901-1972)wasaChineseproletarianrevolutionary,military commander and political leader, one of the founders and leaders of the People’sLiberationArmyandoneofthemarshalsofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.


TheCPCLeadership

FollowaGoodBlueprint*

February28,2013

*PartofthespeechatthesecondmeetingoftheSecondPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommittee.

Confronted with the arduous and heavy tasks of promoting reform,developmentandstability,leadinggroupsandleadingofficialsatalllevelsmustact in linewith therequirementsof thePartyCentralCommittee,bear inmindthat “empty talk harms the country, while hard work makes it flourish,” andworkenergeticallyandproductivelytoaccomplishconcretedeedsthatcanstandthe testofpractice,andsurvive the scrutinyof thepeopleandhistory.Onourimmenselylargeplatformofreform,openingupandmodernizationdrive,allofus are desirous of doing something, even big things, to prove ourselvestrustworthy to the Party and the people. Yet, we should also understand that,whiledoingthat,wemustmaintainpropercontinuityingovernance.Anofficialin charge of a certain area and for a certain duration should act boldly andeffectivelyinwork,butheshouldalsoensureconsistencyandcontinuityinthework.The18thCPCNationalCongress laiddown thegoal forcompleting thebuilding of amoderately prosperous society in all respects and furthering thereform and opening up,made an overall arrangement for promoting socialismwith Chinese characteristics in the new conditions, and put forth clearrequirementstomakePartybuildingmorescientificinanall-roundway.

NowitistimeforthewholePartyandpeopleofthewholecountrytomakeconcertedandrelentlesseffortstoimplementthespiritofthe18thCPCNationalCongress. Likewise, we must also remain committed to implementing theguidelines,principlesandpoliciesformulatedsincetheThirdPlenarySessionofthe11thPartyCentralCommittee,DengXiaopingTheory,theimportantthoughtoftheThreeRepresentsandtheScientificOutlookonDevelopment,andallthemajor strategicarrangementsmadeby theCentralCommittee,whichare tobeimplemented in real earnest. The same is true in treating work at local anddepartmental levels.Wehavealreadygot inourhandsagoodblueprint.Whatwe shoulddo is to follow it through to the end andmake it a success. In this

regard,weneedtohavea“nail”spirit.Whenweuseahammertodriveinanail,asingleknockoftenmaynotbeenough;wemustkeepknockinguntilitiswellinplace.Thenwecanproceed toknock thenextone, andcontinuedriving innailstillthejobiscompletelydone.Ifweknockhereandtherewithoutfocusingonthenail,wemayendupsquanderingoureffortsaltogether.Thereisnouseinsaying, “I won’t get the credit for success.” If a blueprint is good, factuallybased, scientifically sound and well-received by the people we should keepworking on it, one administration after another, and the outcome of ourworkwillberealandappreciatedandrememberedbythepeople.

Ofcourse,aspracticeevolvescontinuously,ourthoughtsandworkshouldkeepupwiththechangingtimes,andwhenweareabsolutelysure,wecanmakeadjustmentsandimprovementsingoodtime.Nevertheless,wemustnotallowacompleteunravelingofpolicies justbecauseanewleadership takesoffice,normustwepermitaseparateagendawithemptyfancyslogansflyingallovertheplace just to show so-called achievements. Under most circumstances, a newlook or new atmosphere in work are not related to formulating new plans ordesigningnewslogans.Rather,theycomeaboutnaturallywhenearnest,down-to-eartheffortsaremadetoturnscientificallysoundgoalsinthegoodblueprintinto reality by taking stock of new conditions, adopting new ideas andemployingnewmeasures.Ourofficialsshouldhaveaclearunderstandingofjobperformance, thinkingmore aboutworking to lay a solid foundationwhich isconducivetolong-termdevelopmentandlessaboutcompetingpointlesslywithothers,stilllessaboutbuildingwasteful,showcaseprojectstopropuptheirownimage. Let our officials be true and practical, dedicated to work and bold toshouldertheirresponsibilities,soastoliveuptotheexpectationsofhistoryandthepeople.

StudyforaBrighterFuture*

March1,2013

*Mainpartof thespeechat thecelebrationassemblyof the80thanniversaryof theCentralPartySchoolandtheopeningceremonyofits2013springsemester.

Our Party has always worked to ensure that all its members, especiallyleading officials, acquire further knowledge. This has proved to be useful fordevelopingthecauseofthePartyandthepeople.Ateverymajorturningpoint,when faced with new circumstances and tasks, the Party has called upon itsmembers to study harder. Each time, it has brought about big changes anddevelopmentsforthecauseofthePartyandthepeople.Attheverybeginningofreform and opening up in 1978, the Party Central Committee stressed thatachieving the Four Modernizations – modernization of agriculture, industry,national defense, and science and technology – is a great and profoundrevolution.We will have to move forward in this revolution by continuouslysolvingnewproblems.Therefore,allPartymembersmuststudyandthenstudysomemore. Compared with the past, we have more to study today, not less,becauseofthenewcircumstancesandtasksconfrontingus.

Atpresent,theentirePartymustclearlyunderstandandproperlyhandlethenewsituationsandproblemsarisingfromthedevelopmentofthecountry.Thisisanimportantchallenge.Someoftheproblemswefacetodayareold–eitherproblemsthatwehavelongfailedtosolveproperly,oroldproblemswithnewmanifestations, but most of our problems are new. The reason why new andunfamiliar problemskeep surfacing is becauseof the changes in theworld, inourcountry,andinourParty.Thebestpossiblewaytounderstandandaddressthe problems,whether they are new or old, long-standing or old ones in newform, is toenhanceourcapabilities throughstudy. In theprocessof study,weshouldnotonlyputwhatweknowintopractice,butalsoacquirenewpracticalproblem-solvingskills.

The various goals and tasks set by the 18th Party National Congress,including adapting ourselves to a complex and volatile international situation,

safeguardingoverallreform,developmentandstabilityanddoinggoodworkinallareas, imposenewdemandsonPartymembers’capabilities.Throughout itshistory of revolution, construction and reform our Party has encounterednumerousdifficulties,andwhathasbeenachievedinourcausehascomefrompainstakingexplorationsandhardwork.There issimplynopossibility thatwecan advance our cause and achieve our goals without ever encountering anyimpediment. Itcanbeanticipated thatvariousdifficulties, risksandchallengeswill continue to surface on our way forward. The key lies in our ability toresolve,manageandconquerthem.

Generallyspeaking,insomeareasourabilitiesalreadymeetthedemandsofthedevelopmentofthePartyandthecountry,butinotherstheyareinadequate.As the circumstances and challengeswe face continue to change,we becomeless capable of responding to their demands. If we do not improve ourprofessional level at every opportunity, over time we will lose the ability tofulfill the arduous tasks of leadership in reform and opening up, and socialistmodernization.

During the Yan’an period, our Party became aware of its dread ofincompetence.ThePartyCentralCommitteepointedoutclearlythatourpeoplesuffered a dread. It was not an economic or political dread, but a dread ofincompetence.Thelimitedbankofabilitiesaccumulatedovertheyearshadbeendepletedwitheachpassingday,andthecofferswereempty.

Are we faced with the same problem today? My answer is yes. Manypeoplehavetheaspirationtodotheirworkwellandarefullofenthusiasm,butthey are lacking in the abilities required to achieve this in changingcircumstances.Inresponsetonewcircumstancesandproblems,theyclingtooldpatterns of thinking and old practices. The problem stems from ignorance ofgeneral trends and new approaches, as well as inadequate knowledge andabilities. They rush headlong into their work and act blindly. As a result,although they are conscientious in theirwork, and spare themselves no effort,theyeithertakethewrongapproachoractinawaythatdefeatstheirpurpose,oreven“headsouthwhiletheirchariotispointingnorth.”Insuchcases,itisoftenthecasethatourpeoplehavenoalternativewhenthetriedandtrustedmethodsfail,ortheydarenotadoptsternermeasureswhensoftonesproveinadequate.

Inmyopinion, thiswill continue tobe the case for a long time to come.

Therefore,allmembers,especiallythoseinpositionsofleadershipatalllevels,must have a sense of crisis and constantly improve their professionalcompetence.OnlybydoingthiscanweachievetheTwoCentenaryGoals,andmaketheChineseDreamofnationalrejuvenationcometrue.

Nobody is bornwithknowledge.Weall have to acquire it through studyand practice. In modern times knowledge is becoming outdated at an ever-increasingpace,withawholerangeofnewknowhow,newinformationandnewstates of affairs cascading over us.Academics have noted that up to the 18thcentury the body of human knowledge doubled within a period of around 90years.Sincethe1990stherehasbeenanexponentialaccelerationinthisprocess–thebodyofhumanknowledgeisnowestimatedtodoubleeverythreetofiveyears.The amountofknowledgeproducedbyhuman societyover thepast 50yearsexceeds theaggregategeneratedover theprevious3,000years. It isalsobelievedthatintheageofagro-farming,afewyearsofstudysufficedforone’slifetime,intheageofindustrialeconomy,onehadtostudyforatleasttenyearstoobtainalltheknowledgenecessaryforone’slife,andinthisageofknowledgeeconomy,onehastokeepupwiththetimesthroughlife-longstudy.

Ifwefailtoimproveourknowledgeinawidevarietyofareas,ifwedonottake the initiative to learn about science and culture, if we are unwilling toconscientiously update our knowledge and improve our knowledge structure,developthebroadestpossibleperspectiveandbroadenourhorizons,wewillnotimproveourprofessionalcompetence.Asaconsequencewewillnotbeabletograsptheinitiativeandprevail.Ultimately,thefuturewillpassusby.Therefore,allPartymembers,especiallyleadingofficialsatalllevels,musthaveasenseofurgencyandstudymore.

It is precisely from this strategic perspective that the 18thPartyNationalCongress highlighted the important task of building the Party into a learning,service-oriented, and innovativeMarxist governing party. Studying should beplacedfirstbecauseitisaprerequisitefundofknowledgewithwhichwewillbeable to better serve the people and stay innovative. Since we are all leadingofficialswhoshoulderdutiesandresponsibilitiesentrustedtousbythePartyandthe people, we have to constantly raise our professional level, enrich ourknowledge, dedicate ourselves to our work, and improve all aspects of ourperformance.Whetherornotleadingofficialsimprovethemselvesthroughstudyisnotonlyapersonalmatter,butabigissueconcerningthedevelopmentofthe

causeof thePartyand thecountry.Anancientscholarexpressed it thus,“Onemayormaynotstudyforthepurposeofbecominganofficial,butofficialsmustbelearnedtofulfilltheirduties.”[1]

Wemuststudyinordertoimproveourabilitytoworkinamorescientificway,withgreaterforesightandinitiative,andtokeepupwiththetimes,followthelawofdevelopment,andbeinnovativeinourleadershipandpolicy-making.We must study in order to avoid bewilderment resulting from inadequateknowledge, blindness resulting from insensibility, and chaos resulting fromignorance.Wemust also study inorder toovercomeprofessionaldeficiencies,thedreadofincompetenceandoutdatedcapabilities.Otherwise,wearenobetterthan“theblindmanonablindhorsewhoisindangeroffallingintoadeeppoolat night”[2] – an imprudent and inadvisable course of action, howevercourageous. This could lead us to failure inwork, losing ourway and fallingbehindthetimes.

The cause of building Chinese socialism is a great and unprecedentedundertaking. Therefore, our approach to study should be comprehensive,systematic and exploratory.We shouldhave focus inour studyandwiden thescopeofourknowledge.Weshouldlearnbothfrombooksandthroughpractice.We should learn from ordinary people, from experts and scholars, and drawupon beneficial experiences of foreign countries as well. We should nourishourselveswithboththeoreticalandpracticalknowledge.

Firstofall,weshouldstudyMarxist theory.This isaspecial requirementthatwillhelpustoworkwell,andalsoanecessaryrequirementthatwillequipleadingofficials to excel in leadership.MaoZedongonce stated, “OurParty’sfightingcapacitywillbemuchgreater…ifthereareonehundredortwohundredcomrades with a grasp of Marxism-Leninism which is systematic and notfragmentary,genuineandnothollow.”[3]

This taskstill confrontsourParty today.Wemustacquirea truegraspofMarxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, theimportant thought of the Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook onDevelopment.AndwemustespeciallyhaveagoodunderstandingoftheMarxiststand,viewpointandmethodthatpermeatealltheseideas.Thiscanenableustoremainsharp-eyedandclear-mindedandgainaprofoundunderstandingof the

lawsof thedevelopmentofhumansociety, thelawsofbuildingsocialism,andthelawsofgovernancebytheCPC.Thiscanhelpusstayfirminouridealsandconvictions,andadhere to thecorrectguiding thoughtsandhold to thecorrectorientationinanycomplexsituation.ThiscanalsoenableustoleadthepeoplealongthecorrectroadandmakeprogressinbuildingChinesesocialism.

LeadingofficialsmuststudytheParty’sguidelines,principlesandpolicies,and the country’s laws and regulations. An understanding of these is a basicpreparationwemustmakeforourwork,anditisalsoapoliticalattainmentwemusthave.Withoutthisbodyofknowledge,howcanwemakepolicydecisionsandsolveproblems?Andwemayevenendupwithmistakesinourwork.

LeadingofficialsatalllevelsshouldstudythehistoryofboththePartyandthe country and remain patriotic and dedicated to them.We should study thedevelopment of the Party and the country, draw upon their historicalexperiences,andunderstandmajoreventsandfiguresinthehistoryofthePartyand the country. History is the best textbook, so studying it will teach us tounderstandthecountryandtheParty,andopenthegatestoabrightfuture.

Leadingofficialsshouldstudyeconomics,politics,history,culture,scienceandtechnology,andknowledgeofsocial,militaryandforeignaffairsrelatedtotheirwork.Theyshouldbecomemoreknowledgeableandmoreprofessionallycompetent.Theyshouldlearnwhattheyneedintheirworkandstudywhattheydonotknow,andacquireknowledge that is conducive togood leadershipandhighperformance.Indoingso,theywillbecomeexpertsaswellasbetterleadersintheirfields.

Leading officials should also study history and culture, especiallytraditional Chinese culture, to develop wisdom and become more refined.TraditionalChinese culture is both extensive andprofound, and to acquire theessenceofvariousthoughtsisbeneficialtotheformationofacorrectworldview,outlookonlifeandsenseofvalues.

Ourancientscholarscommentedthatouraspirationsshouldbeasfollows:inpolitics,“beingthefirsttoworryabouttheaffairsofthestateandthelasttoenjoyoneself”[4];aspatriots,“notdaringtoignorethecountry’sperilnomatterhow humble one’s position”[5] and “doing everything possible to save thecountry in its peril without regard to personal fortune or misfortune”[6]; on

integrity, “never being corrupted by riches and honors, never departing fromprinciple despite poverty or humble origin, and never submitting to force orthreat”[7];onselflessdedication,“dyingwithaloyalheartshininginthepagesofhistory”[8] and“givingall, till theheartbeats its last.”[9]Thesemaxims reflectthefinetraditionsandspiritoftheChinesenation,andweshouldallkeepthemaliveandhavethemfurtherdeveloped.

Leadingofficialsshouldalsostudyliterature.Theyshouldrefinetheirtastesand develop uplifting interests through appreciation ofworks of literature andart. Many revolutionaries of the older generation had a profound literarybackgroundandwerewellversedinpoetry.

Inshort,historyhelpsusunderstandthefailuresandsuccessesofthepast,andlearnlessonsfromtheriseandfallofstates.Poetrystimulatesus,sendsourdreamsskywardsandmakesuswitty.Integrityimprovesourjudgmentandhelpsus cultivate a senseof honor anddisgrace.We shouldnot only studyChinesehistory and culture, but also open our eyes to the rest of theworld and learnabout thehistoriesandculturesofotherpeoples.Weshouldgivepreferencetowhat is uplifting in these histories and cultures and reject what is base –obtainingenlightenmentandemployingitforourownuse.

Leadingofficialsmustdirecttheirstudiescorrectly.IftheydeviatefromtheguidingprincipleofMarxism,theywillbestudyingwithoutaclearaimandmaygo astray. They might easily become confused when the situation becomescomplex, andmight fall victim to defective thinking. Depart from the correctorientation, theymightnotonlyfail toacquiresoundknowledge,butalsofindthemselves deceived and misled by tempting fallacies and ideas that areunrealistic,ridiculousorabsurd.

Thepurposeofstudyliesinpractice.Theultimategoalofleadingofficialswhodedicategreaterefforttotheirstudiesliesinhoningtheircapabilityinworkandinsolvingproblems.AChinesesayinggoeslikethis,“Emptytalkharmsthecountry,whilehardworkmakes it flourish.”Thisdemandsrealefforts inbothstudy and work. We all should bear in mind the historical lessons of ZhaoKuo[10]oftheWarringStatesPeriod(475-221BC),whofoughtallhisbattlesonpaper,or thescholarsof theWesternandEasternJindynasties (265-420)whobecameineffectiveduetospendingtoomuchtimeinuselessdebates.

Readingandapplicationarebothwaysof learning, and the latter ismoreimportant. Leading officials should adopt theMarxist approach by combiningtheory with practice. In the course of their studies there should always bequestions in mind.We should respect the people as our mentors, learn fromwork,andworkon thebasisof learning,makinguseofwhatwehave learnedandapplyingittoreal-lifesituations.Studyandpracticeshouldalwayspromoteeachother.Weshoulddisdainemptytalkandneverbea“Krikun.”

A genuine interest in the subject is the best teacher. This concept isreflectedinaChinesesaying,“Regardingknowledge,thosewhoaredevotedtoitlearnbetterthanthosewhoareawareofit,andthosewhoenjoyitthemostarethebeststudents.”[11]Leadingofficialsshouldpursuestudyasaquest,ahobby,andanelementofahealthylifestyle,whichwillmakethemhappyandeagertolearn.Withakeeninterestinstudywewillbeenthusiasticvolunteersratherthanreluctant conscripts, and studywill be a lifelong habit instead of a temporarypastime.

Studyanddeliberationcomplementeachother,asdostudyandpractice.Asanother Chinese saying goes, “Readingwithout thinkingmakes onemuddled;thinkingwithout readingmakesoneflighty.”[12] Ifyouhaveproblems inmindandwanttofindsolutions,youshouldstartstudyingandstudyconscientiously.Youmust “learn extensively, inquire earnestly, think profoundly, discriminateclearlyandpracticesincerely.”[13]

Weshouldbeadeptatmakingtimeforstudy.Ioftenhearofficialssaythattheywouldlovetostudymore,but they“justdon’thavetimebecauseof theirbusyworkschedules.”Thissoundssuperficiallyplausible,butitcanneverbeanexcuse for slackening in study. In stressing theneed to improveourwork, thePartyCentralCommitteehas suggested thatwe spendmore time thinking andstudying,andcutdownonmeaninglessbanquetsandformalities.

Thesedays,thereisageneralpublicgrievancethatsomeofficialsdomorepartyingthanstudying.“Thoseinthedarkareinnopositiontolightthewayforothers.”[14] This will have an adverse effect on our work, andwill ultimatelyhinder our overall development. If we bury our heads in our work to thedetrimentofourstudies,werun the riskofmental sclerosisandvulgarization.When engaged in study we should be focused and avoid distractions. Our

approachshouldbepersistent,andnotthatofthedilettante.Wemustgainatruegrasp of what we are studying, rather than reading superficially withoutunderstanding.Leadingofficialsmustplaceahighpriorityonlearningandstudyassiduously.Aslongasweapplyourselves,evenhalfanhourofreadingaday,justafewpages,willaddupovertime.

In summary, study makes progress. To a large extent we ChineseCommunists have relied on learning for our achievements, andwewill surelycontinue todoso in the future. Ifourofficials,ourParty,ourcountryandourpeoplearetomakeprogress,wemustbeadvocatesoflearning.Wemuststudy,study,thenstudysomemore,andwemustpractice,practice,thenpracticesomemore.

Notes

[1]XunZi.

[2]LiuYiqing:NewAccountsofTalesoftheWorld(ShiShuoXinYu).LiuYiqing(403-444)wasamanoflettersoftheStateofSongduringtheSouthernDynasty(420-589).NewAccountsofTalesoftheWorld isa literarycollectionofwordsandstoriesofscholar-bureaucratsfromthelateHanDynasty(206BC-AD220)totheEasternJinDynasty(317-420).

[3]MaoZedong:“TheRoleoftheChineseCommunistPartyintheNationalWar,”SelectedWorksofMaoZedong,Vol.II,Eng.ed.,ForeignLanguagesPress,Beijing,1975,p.209.

[4]Seenote3,p.68.

[5]LuYou:FeelingsAfterIllness.

[6]LinZexu:FarewelltoMyFamilyonMyWaytoExile.LinZexu(1785-1850)wasapatriotandstatesman of the Qing Dynasty who advocated resistance to Western invasion and a ban on the non-medicinalconsumptionofopiumduringtheOpiumWar.


[8]WenTianxiang:PassingLingdingyang.WenTianxiang(1236-1283)wasaministerandwriteroftheSouthernSongDynasty(1127-1279).

[9]ZhugeLiang:SecondPetitiononTakingtheField(HouChuShiBiao).

[10]ZhaoKuo(?-260BC),ahigh-rankingmilitaryofficeroftheStateofZhaoduringtheWarringStatesPeriod,wasanarmchairstrategistwithoutanyrealexperienceofbattle.In260BC,hefellintoatrapsetbyBaiQi,ageneraloftheStateofQin,andfoundhisarmysurroundedbytheenemyinChangping.ZhaoKuofailedtobreakthroughtheencirclementandwaskilled.Morethan400,000Zhaosoldierswerecapturedandburiedalive.


[12]Seenote37,p.199.

[13]Seenote40,p.199.


“GoverningaBigCountryIsasDelicateasFryingaSmallFish”*

March19,2013

*PartoftheanswerstoajointinterviewbythepressoftheBRICScountries.

WhenImeetforeignleaders,onequestiontheyoftenaskinamazementisthis:HowcanonegovernsuchalargecountryasChina?Indeed,itisnoteasytogovernacountrywith1.3billionpeople.Justgettingtoknowthesituationtherecanbeareallydifficulttask.AsIoftensay,ittakesagooddealofefforttoknowChina,andjustvisitingaplaceortwoisnotreallyenough.Chinahas9.6millionsquare kilometers of land, 56 ethnic groups and a total of 1.3 billion people.Thus, when trying to learn about China, one needs to guard against drawingconclusionsbasedonpartialinformation.

An ancient Chinese proverb says, “Prime ministers must have served aslocal officials, and great generals must have risen from the ranks.”[1] OurmechanismforselectingofficialsinChinaalsorequiresworkexperienceatlocallevels. For instance, I once worked in a rural area as a Party secretary at aproduction brigade. Later I served in various posts at county, municipal,provincialandcentrallevels.Extensiveexperiencegainedfromworkingatlocallevelscanhelpofficialsdevelopasoundattitudetowardsthepeople,knowwhatthe country is really like andwhat the people really need, be better versed invarious jobs and professions, and become more competent and effective formeetingfuturerequirementsforgoodworkperformance.

Thereisatremendousamountofworktodoinmeetingthepeople’sdailyneeds,ensuringthesmoothrunningofsocietyandthenormalfunctioningofthestateapparatus,andbuildingandmanaging

thegoverningparty.As thepeoplehavegivenme this job, Imustalwayskeeptheminthehighestplaceinmyheart,bearinginmindtheirdeeptrustandtheheavyresponsibilitiestheyhaveplacedonme.Insuchabig,populousandcomplicatedcountryasours,wetheleadersmusthaveanin-depthknowledgeofthenationalconditions,andlearnwhatthepeoplethinkandwhattheywant.We

mustact self-consciouslyandwith theutmost care“as ifwewere treadingonthinice,andstandingontheedgeofanabyss.”[2]Wemustcultivateanattitudeof “governing a big country is as delicate as frying a small fish,”[3] neverslackening our efforts or being negligent in the slightest, and always devotingourselves towork and the public interest. The people arewherewe draw ourstrength.Aslongaswestandwithourpeoplethroughthickandthin,therewillbenodifficultythatcan’tbeovercomeandnotaskthatcan’tbeaccomplished.

Asformyworkload,youcanwellimaginethatworkinginsuchajobcanhardlyleavemeanyfreetime.Therearesomanythingscryingouttobedone.Ofcourse,Itrytoprioritizemywork.“Manyhandsmakelightwork.”Wehavewithin thecentral leadershipaneffectivemechanismfeaturingbothdivisionoflaborandcoordination.Sowegoaboutourrespectivedutieswhileworking inconcerttogetthejobdoneproperly.

Thoughverybusy,mostofthetimeImanageto“snatchalittleleisurehereandthere.”[4]WheneverIhavetime,Ispenditwithmyfamily.

Ihavequiteafewhobbies,andmymostfavoriteoneisreading,whichhasbecomemywayoflife.Iamalsoasportsfan.Ilikeswimmingandhiking,andwhen I was young I enjoyed playing football and volleyball. I wish tocongratulateBrazil forhosting theFIFAWorldCupagain.Whatmakessportscompetitions, especially football matches, fascinating is their unpredictability.During the lastWorldCupwehadPaul theOctopus. Iwonder if therewillbeanotheroctopusnextyear topredictmatch results.TheBrazilian teamhas thehome-groundadvantage,andIwishthemgoodluck.

Notes

[1]HanFeiZi.HanFei(c.280-233BC)wasthemajorrepresentativeoftheLegalistschoolinthelateWarringStatesPeriod.HisworkswerecollectedinthebookHanFeiZi.

[2]TheBookofSongs(ShiJing).

[3]LaoZi(DaoDeJing).

[4]LiShe:WrittenontheWalloftheMonks’QuartersinHelinTemple.LiShe(datesunknown)wasapoetoftheTangDynasty.

TrainandSelectGoodOfficials*

June28,2013

*PartofthespeechattheNationalConferenceonOrganizationalWork.

Atpresent,allPartymembersandpeopleofallethnicgroupsinChinaaremaking concerted efforts to complete the building of amoderately prosperoussociety in all respects and realize theChineseDreamofnational rejuvenation.Confrontedwith the present complex and unpredictable international situationand arduous domestic tasks of continuing reform and development andmaintainingstability,wemust“bepreparedtocarryoutagreatundertakingwithmany new historic features.” – This is quoted from the political report to the18thNationalCongressoftheCPC.Withitsprofoundconnotations,theideaof“newhistoric features” represents an important conclusion thathasbeenmadeafter thoroughlyreviewingandanalyzingthedevelopmenttrendsbothathomeandabroad.

To carryout a great undertakingwithmanynewhistoric features, and toaccomplishthegoalsandtaskssetforthatthe18thCPCNationalCongress,theemphasis should be laid on our Party and our officials. This means wemustensurethatthePartyisalwaysthecoreofleadershipduringthehistoricprocessofdevelopingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andwemustbuildalargecontingentofhigh-caliberofficials.

Our Party has always attached great importance to the selection andappointment of upright and talented people, and has always regarded theselection and appointment of officials as an issue of crucial and fundamentalsignificance to the cause of the Party and the people. Employing suitableofficialsrepresentsthekeytogovernance.Asourancestorssaid,“Exaltationofthevirtuousisfundamentaltogovernance,”[1]and“Employingcapableofficialsrepresentsthetoppriorityofgovernance.”[2]

Inrecentyears,PartycommitteesandorganizationdepartmentsatalllevelshaveimplementedthePartypolicyonpersonnelmanagement,andhavedonea

good job of selecting and appointing officials. However, there are still someproblems which, if not properly resolved, will demoralize both the Partymembersandthegeneralpublic.

Atpresent,therearethreequestionsthatareofgreatconcern:whatagoodofficialis,howtobecomeagoodofficial,andhowtousetherightofficialsfortherightjob.Goodanswersandappropriatesolutionstothethreequestionswillbeaproofofgoodmanagementofpersonnel.

First,what is agoodofficial?This shouldbe aquestionwith a clear andready answer, for there are clear requirements specified in the PartyConstitution.However,somepeopleareconfusedwhentheyseemisconductinthe selection and appointment of officials, when unqualified officials areselected at some localities, and when unqualified officials are still promoted,evenagainst regulations.This shows thatweneed to improveourwork in theorganization departments. If our selection of officials leads only to confusionoverthecriteriaforgoodofficials,itisobviousthatthoseselectedwillbeonlybadexamplesforthepublic.Wemustthinkmoreaboutthisissue!

Generally speaking, good officials should be of moral integrity andprofessional competence. However, there were different criteria in differenthistoricalperiods.Duringtherevolutionarywarperiod,goodofficialsneededtobeloyaltotheParty,braveandskillfulinbattle,andunafraidtosacrificetheirlives. During the socialist construction period, good officials needed to bepolitically and professionally competent. In the early years of the reform andopeningup,goodofficialshad touphold theguideline,principles andpoliciessetforthattheThirdPlenarySessionofthe11thCPCCentralCommittee,haveprofessionalknowledgeandbedeterminedtocarryoutreforms.At thecurrentstage, we require that good officials be politically reliable, professionallycompetentandmorallyupright,andaretrustedbythepeople.

In summary, good officials must be firm in their ideals and convictions,willing to serve thepeople, diligent inwork, ready to takeon responsibilities,honestandupright.

Tobe firm in their idealsandconvictionsmeans thatPartyofficialsmustcherish the lofty ideal of communism, sincerely believe in Marxism, striveceaselesslyforsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andunswervinglyuphold

thebasictheories,guideline,program,experienceandrequirementsoftheParty.

To be willing to serve the people means that Party officials must act asservantsofthepeople,beloyaltothepeople,andservethemwholeheartedly.

TobediligentinworkmeansthatPartyofficialsmustbededicatedtotheirwork in a down-to-earth, realistic and pragmatic manner, and take solid andtangiblemeasurestomakeachievementsthatcanprovetheirworthinpractice,survivethescrutinyofthepeopleandstandthetestoftime.

To be ready to take on responsibilities means that Party officials mustadhere to principles with a responsible attitude, and have the courage to takeresolute actions in the face of major issues of principle, to tackle difficultieshead-on in the faceofconflicts, to step forward in the faceofcrises, toadmittheirshareofmistakesandtoresolutelyfightagainstmisconduct.

TobehonestanduprightmeansthatPartyofficialsmustadoptacautiousattitude towards the exercise of power by holding it in respect and keeping itundercontrolinabidtosustaintheirpoliticallife,andmakeconstanteffortstomaintaintheirpoliticalintegrityagainstcorruption.

Theserequirementsmightbeeasytounderstand,buttheyarenotsoeasytofulfill.

They are also important requirements that I have stressed on variousoccasionsforsometimenow.HereIwouldliketolayspecialemphasisontwoaspects:idealsandconvictions,andreadinesstotakeonresponsibilities,whicharerelativelyoutstandingissuesfacingourofficialsatthecurrentstage.

Tobefirmintheiridealsandconvictionsisthesupremecriterionforgoodofficials.Nomatterhowcompetentanofficial is,hecannotberegardedas thesortofgoodofficialthatweneedifheisnotfirminhisidealsandconvictions,does not believe in Marxism nor socialism with Chinese characteristics, isunqualifiedpolitically,andcannotweatherpoliticalstorms.Onlythosewhoarefirmintheiridealsandconvictionswilladoptanunequivocalapproachtowardsmajor issues of principle, build “diamond-hard bodies” to withstand anycorrosion,remaindauntlesswhenfacingpoliticalstorms,firmlyresistallkindsof temptations, and act in a reliable and trustworthy manner at any critical

moment.

Idealsandconvictionsrefertopeople’saspirations.Asoneofourancestorssaid, “Aspirations can reach any place however far it is, even overmountainsand seas; and it can break through any defense however tough it is, even asstrong as the best armor and shield.”[3] This shows how strong and invinciblepeople can be if they only have lofty aspirations. During China’s revolutiondevelopmentandreform, innumerablePartymembers laiddowntheir lives forthe cause of the Party and the people. What supported them was the moralstrengthgainedfromtheutmostimportancetheyattachedtotheirrevolutionaryideals.

Itshouldbefullyadmittedthatmostofourofficialsarefirmintheiridealsandconvictions,andarepoliticallyreliable.Nevertheless, therearesomePartyofficials who fail to meet these qualifications. Some are skeptical aboutcommunism, considering it a fantasy that will never come true; some do notbelieveinMarxism-Leninismbutinghostsandgods,andseekspiritualsolaceinfeudal superstitions, showing intense interest in fortune-telling, worship ofBuddhaand“god’sadvice”forsolvingtheirproblems;somehavelittlesenseofprinciple, justice, and right andwrong, and perform their duties in amuddle-headedmanner;someevenyearnforWesternsocialsystemsandvalues,losingtheirconfidenceinthefutureofsocialism;andothersadoptanequivocalattitudetowards political provocations against the leadership of the CPC, the path ofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandothermattersofprinciple,passivelyavoidrelevantargumentswithoutthecouragetoexpresstheiropinions,orevendeliberately deliver ambiguous messages. Isn’t it a monstrous absurdity thatParty officials, especially high-ranking ones, take no position in the face ofmajorissuesofprinciple,politicalincidentsandsensitiveissues?

Somesaythatofficialsneedto“cherishtheirreputation.”Thisdependsonwhatkindof“reputation”theyarecherishing.Isita“reputation”whichwillbeapplaudedbypeoplewithulteriormotives,orisitareputationforactingintheinterestsof thePartyand thepeople?APartymembershouldonlycherish thelatter reputation, and it would be calamitous if he were bent on gaining theformer!

Why are formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism and extravagance prevalentnowadays? Why are some officials becoming corrupt or even committing

betrayal and defecting to the enemy, ending up as criminals? In the finalanalysis,itisbecausetheyarenotfirmintheiridealsorconvictions.Ihaveoftensaidthatidealsandconvictionsarethemoral“marrow”ofCommunists.Tobefirminouridealsandconvictionswill“hardenourbones,”whileanabsenceofidealsandconvictionsorwaveringinouridealsandconvictionswillleadtofatalmoralweakness.

Factshaverepeatedlyprovedthatthemostdangerousmomentiswhenonewavers in or begins to showdoubt about one’s ideals and convictions. I havelongbeenwonderingifwewereconfrontedwithacomplexsituationsuchasa“color revolution,” would all our officials act resolutely to safeguard theleadershipof thePartyandthesocialistsystem?IbelievemostPartymembersandofficialsarecapableofdoingso.

Duringtherevolutionarywar,whetheranofficialwasfirminhisidealsandconvictionswas judged bywhether he could risk his life for the cause of thePartyand thepeople,andwhetherhecouldchargeaheadassoonas thebuglesounded.Thiswasamostdirecttest.Therearestilltestsoflifeanddeathatourcurrent stage of peaceful development, but there is amuch smaller number ofthem.As a result, it is reallydifficult to testwhether anofficial is firm inhisidealsandconvictions.EvenX-rays,CTscansandMRIswon’thelp.

Nevertheless,therearestillwaystotestourofficials.Weneedtofindoutwhether they have the political determination in the face of major politicalchallenges, bear in mind the fundamental purpose of the Party, perform theirdutiesinanextremelyresponsiblemanner,arethefirsttobearhardshipsandthelasttoenjoycomforts,arereadytotakeonresponsibilitiesinthefaceofurgent,difficult and dangerous tasks, and resist the temptations of power,money andsex.Suchatestcannotbeaccomplishedovernightbasedonafewtasksthatanofficialfulfillsorafewpledgesthathemakes;itisaprocessthatdependsontheofficial’sbehavioroveralongperiod,eventhroughouthislife.

It is essential that Party officials uphold principles and readily take onresponsibilities. “Avoiding responsibilities is the greatest disgrace for anofficial.” The responsibilities an official takes on demonstrate his breadth ofvision, courage and competence.The greater responsibilities one takes on, thegreaterundertakingonecanaccomplish.

Withthe“niceguy”mentalitycurrentlyprevailingamongsomeofficials,ithasbecomecommonplacethatmanyofficialsdarenotcriticizeerrorsortakeonresponsibilities, or are unwilling to do so. Some officials keep on good termswith everybody at the expense of principles, for they are afraid of offendingpeople and losing votes, holding a belief in the vulgar philosophy of “moreflowersandfewer thorns.”Theymindnothingbut theirownbusinessandwilldo nothing unless their personal interests are affected, being satisfied withmuddling along and accomplishing nothing at all. Some officials are notfulfilling theirdutiesproperly.They sidestepdifficultproblemsandmattersofpublic concern, argue and pass the buck, and tackle their responsibilities in aperfunctorymanner,with theirdelay turningsmallproblems intobigonesandbigproblems intodreadful troubles.Someofficials are smoothcharacterswhohandle matters in an overly “clever” manner, pick easy jobs and posts whileshirking hard ones, think of nothing but self-preservation in the face ofchallenges,rushtoclaimcreditforsuccess,andevaderesponsibilitywhenanyproblemcropsup.What ismore frightening is that someof theseofficials arepopular,evengettingonwellinofficialcircles,gainingmorethanotherswhilecontributingless.HowcanthecauseofthePartyandthepeopleproceediftherearealotof“niceguys,”peopleof“smoothcharacter,”those“whoalwayspassthe buck to others” or act like “weeds atop the wall”? These problems areextremelydangerous,andmajoreffortsmustbemadetosolvethem.

Ultimately, selflessness leads to fearlessness and the courage to take onresponsibilities. “Selflessness gives us peace of mind.” Good officials mustattach the utmost importance to their responsibilities, put the principles andcauseofthePartyandtheinterestsofthepeoplefirst,takeanunequivocalandtough stance when addressing problems, perform their duties in anuncomplaining and diligent manner, and see their efforts through to the finalresult.“Sturdygrasswithstandshighwinds;truegoldstandsthetestoffire.”Forthe cause of the Party and the people, our officials should be bold enough tothink,tocarryoutinitiativesandtotaketheconsequences,servingasthe“sturdygrass”and“truegold”ofourtimes.

Of course, being ready to take on responsibilities is for the cause of thePartyandthepeople,notforpersonalfame.Beingarrogantandoverbearingisnotbeingcourageoustotakeonresponsibilities.DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod, there was a senior official named Zheng Kaofu, who served several

dukesoftheStateofSong.Hehadareputationforbeinghighlyself-disciplined.Hehadamottoengravedonading inhisfamilyancestral temple,whichread,“HeaddownwhenIwaspromotedthefirsttime,backhunchedwhenpromotedthesecondtime,andwaistbentwhenpromotedthethirdtime.NooneinsultsmeifIkeepclosetothewallwhenwalkingalongthestreet.WhatIneedonlyisthisvesseltocookporridgein.”[4]Iamdeeplyimpressedbythisstory.OurofficialsareofficialsoftheParty,andtheirpowerisgrantedbythePartyandthepeople.Thus,theyshouldmakeever-boldereffortsandshowever-greaterdeterminationintheirwork,andconductthemselvesinamodestandprudentmannerfreefromarroganceandrashness.

Second,howcanonebecomeagoodofficial?Goodofficialsdonotemergespontaneously.Tobecomeagoodofficial,bothpersonaleffortandtrainingbyPartyorganizationsarenecessary.Forofficials,theirpersonaleffortisessential,becausethisisthedecisiveinternalfactorintheirpersonaldevelopment.

ThecommitmenttotheParty’scause,theoreticalconsciousnessandmoralstandardsofanofficialarenotenhancedautomaticallyalongsidealongerPartystandingorahigherpost.Rather,theenhancementrequireslifelongendeavors.To become a good official, one needs to constantly remold one’s subjectiveworld,andstrengthenone’scommitmenttothePartyandmoralrefinement.OneneedstostringentlycomplywiththePartyConstitutionandtherequirementsforParty members, “being strict with oneself and lenient with others.”[5] Partymembersmust alwaysbehave in apropermanner, scrutinize themselves, keepalertto“resistthemyriadtemptationsofthedazzlingworld,”andbehonestandhardworking,cleanandupright.

Learningistheladderofprogress.Officialsneedtobegoodatlearningandthinking, conscientiously study Marxist theories, especially the theoreticalsystem of socialism with Chinese characteristics, focus on the standpoints,viewpoints and methods of these theories, and improve their capacity forstrategic,innovative,dialectical,andbottom-linethinking,sothattheyareableto correctly judge contemporary situations, and remain clear-headed anddetermined politically. They also need to enrich their knowledge of varioussubjects,improvetheirstructureoflearning,andaccumulateexperiences,soastolayasolidfoundationfortheperformanceoftheirduties.

In addition to learning, good officials also need to focus on practice.

“Hearingisnotasgoodasseeing,andseeingisnotasgoodasexperiencing.”[6]Knowledge and experience are like the twowings of an eagle,which can flyhigh and far only if itwants to see the outsideworld and braves storms. Theharshertheconditionsandthemorethedifficulties,themoreanofficialwillbetempered. Officials should go to the grassroots to see the real situation andcommunicatewith the people, and then theywill be able to refine themselvesandimprovetheirabilitiesintheirpartoftheworkforreformandopeningup,stabilityandservingthepeople.

GoodofficialsneedtobetrainedbyPartyorganizations.Weneedtofocusmoreonthetrainingofofficialsalongwiththechangesofthecircumstancesandthedevelopment of the causeof theParty and thepeople. In this training,wemust paymore attention to education on commitment to the Party, virtue andmorality, awareness about the Party’s ultimate goal, and sense of serving thepeople. We also need to strengthen the training of officials in practicalcircumstances tofacilitate theirprogress.Traininginpracticalcircumstances isnotawaytoget“gilded,”norisitaroutineprocessbeforepromotion.Ifthisisthe case, officialswon’t devote themselveswholeheartedly to the training andwon’tkeepinclosetouchwiththepeople.Thetrainingwillonlybeashow.

Moreover, we need to enhance supervision of officials’ conduct on aregularbasis.Theexerciseofpowerwithoutsupervisionwilldefinitelyleadtocorruption.Thisisanaxiomaticlaw.Itisnotaneasyprocesstotrainanofficial,so necessary measures should be adopted to better manage and superviseofficials to keep them on the alert “as if they were treading on thin ice orstandingontheedgeofanabyss.”Heart-to-hearttalkswithofficialsareneeded,so that their shortcomings are pointed out in time, and their enthusiasm isencouraged.Thisisagoodtraditionthatweneedtocarryon.

Third, how canwe ensure officials’ good performance?To employ goodofficials after they are adequately trained is the key. What is the purpose oftraining if we don’t employ good officials or don’t let them play their role?Employmentofacompetentpersonwillattractmorecompetentpeople,andallthe others will take them as examples. The kind of officials we employ is apoliticalweathervanewhichdeterminestheconductofourofficialsandeventheconductofthewholeParty.

Itmust be noted that some localities and departments are not adopting a

correct approach to appointing officials. Some opportunistic officials withdoubtful integrity and insufficient professional competence get promotedfrequently,whilethosewhodevotethemselvestoworkanddonotbuildsocialconnections for promotion do not have such chances. This has given rise tostrongdiscontentamongofficialsandthegeneralpublic.Partycommitteesandorganization departments at all levels need to adhere to the principle that thePartyshouldsupervisetheperformanceofofficialsandthecorrectapproachtoofficial appointment, select officials on the basis of both moral integrity andprofessional competence with priority given to the former, try to select andappoint virtuous and competent people in a timelymanner, and place them insuitable posts according to their abilities. Only in this way can good andcompetentofficialsbeselectedandemployed.

Toemployofficials,themostimportantthingistoknowthem.Ifwedonotknow them thoroughly and accurately enough we may employ them in aninappropriate way. “Having no idea of a person’s weakness and strength, theweakpartofthestrengthorthestrongpartoftheweakness,wehavenogroundforappointingoreven training thatperson.”[7]Wecannot judgeanofficialbyimpression or personal feeling.Wemust have a good system andmethods toevaluate officials, with reflections through various channels, at various levelsandfromvariousperspectives.

Weneed tokeepaclosewatchonofficialsandobserve theirapproach tomajor issues, their concern for the people, their moral conduct, their attitudetowardsfameandfortune,theirrealmofthought,theirwaysofhandlingmattersand results, and their work competence. The evaluation and observation ofofficialsaredone inday-to-daywork,but thebest time isatmajoreventsandcritical moments. “To understand good music only after singing a thousandsongs; to find a fine swordonly after appreciating a thousand swords.”[8] Theperformanceofanofficialisreflectedinhiswork,andhisreputationisgainedfrom thepublic.Soweneed togo to thegrassroots tohearopinions from thepeople,andjudgeanofficial’smoralconductin“bigevents”aswellasin“smallmatters.”

To employ good officials,wemust observe their performance andmoralconduct on an overall, long-term and logical basis.Thosewho are competent,havedistinctivepersonalities, are ready to takeon responsibilities, anddare to

offend somepeople for the sakeofupholdingprinciplesmay receivedifferentcomments. Party organizationsmust give them a correct evaluation. It is alsodifficult toaccuratelyassess theperformanceofofficials.Weneed to improvethemethodsandmeansofassessment.Intheperformanceappraisalofofficials,we should pay equal attention to economic growth and the original economicbasis,andtobothtangibleandintangibleachievements,andintegrateindicatorsand achievements with regard to the improvement of the people’s livelihood,social progress and the ecological environment.Wemust no longer judge theperformance of officials merely by GDP growth rates. Some officials tend tomakeabruptdecisions,startprojectswithoutsecondthoughts,andfinallyleaveamess behind, but they still get promoted without being held accountable.Wecannot let it happen any more. I have said that we need to implementresponsibility systems to address such issues, and hold the relevant officialsaccountablethroughouttheirlifetime.TheorganizationdepartmentofthePartyCentralCommitteeshouldseetothisimmediately.

Toemploygoodofficialsweneedtotakeascientificapproachandappointthe right person, at the right time and for the right position. Currently, somelocalities tendtoappointofficialsaccording toseniorityorforseekingbalancerather than inaccordancewith theirmerits, suitabilityorprofessional abilities.Asaresult, theappointedofficials find itdifficult toperformtheirduties, thusleavingproblemsunsolvedandworkunaccomplished.

Whatkindofofficialtoappointandwhatpositionissuitableforhimshouldbe part of the consideration of the requirement of the work. We shouldn’tappointanofficialsimplybecausethereisapost,ortakeitasameansofreward.“Agoodhorsecanrunalongdangerouspathsbutcannotplowthefieldslikeanox;astrongcartcancarryheavyloadsbutcannotcrossriverslikeaboat.”Weshouldhaveagoodsenseofacquiringtalentedpeoplethroughdifferentchannelsandbydifferentmethods,treatthemastreasures,andletthemfullydisplaytheirabilities. Only by so doing will large numbers of good officials emerge tocontributetheirwisdomandknowledge.

There is a phenomenon that wemust notice. To judge an official on hiswork performance in a locality or a unit, people have their own comments,practicehasitsproof,andleadersareclearinmind,butthefinalappointmentisoften not according to the actual needs, and usually disappoints people. Thereason is the selfishness of some leading officials, “relationship-ism” or some

“hiddenrules”thatpeopledodgebehind.Influencedbytheseunhealthyfactors,officialsarenolongerappointedontheirmeritsbutbyfavoritismorbyseekingpersonal gain. Officials and the public abhor this practice very much, so weshouldmakeresoluteeffortstochangeitandmakeitacleanprocess.

Notes

[1]Seenote8,p.68.

[2] SimaGuang:Historical Events Retold as aMirror forGovernment (Zi Zhi Tong Jian). SimaGuang(1019-1086)wasaministerandhistorianintheNorthernSongDynasty.ThismonumentalworkwasChina’sfirstcomprehensivehistoryintheformofachronicle.

[3]JinYing:ACollectionofMaxims(GeYanLianBi).

[4]Zuo’sChronicles(ZuoZhuan).

[5]CollectionofAncientTexts(ShangShu).

[6]LiuXiang:GardenofStories(ShuoYuan).

[7]WeiYuan:CollectedWorksofWeiYuan(WeiYuanJi).

[8]LiuXie:CarvingaDragonwithaLiteraryMind(WenXinDiaoLong).LiuXie(c.465-c.532)wasaliterarycriticoftheStateofLiangduringtheSouthernDynasties.CarvingaDragonwithaLiteraryMindisaworkonliterarytheoryinancientChina.

Appendix

ManofthePeople

ProfileofXiJinping,GeneralSecretaryoftheCPC

It was a pleasant earlymorning onDecember 8, 2012 in a verdant parkknownasLianhuashan(LotusFlowerMountain)inShenzhen,insouthChina’sGuangdongProvince.Theparkwasnotcordonedofftothepublic.Therewasnoredcarpet,norweretherepeoplewavingwelcomingbanners.Noneoftheearlyrisers, doing their usual morning exercises, were expecting to encounter anotablefigure.

Amiddle-agedman in a dark suit and an open-neckedwhite shirt laid awreathatastatueofthelateChineseleaderDengXiaoping.Thenhecirculatedamongthecrowd,engagingincasualconversation.

The visitorwasXi Jinping, elected general secretary of theCPCCentralCommitteeonly24dayspreviously.

DuringhisvisittoGuangdong,XicalledontheentirePartyandallofthepeopleofChinatocontinuesupportingthepathofreformandopeningup,andfocusonpursuingreforminamoresystematic,integratedandcoordinatedway.Hevowedthattherewouldbenoslowdowninreformandopeningup.

In his first visit outside Beijing as the top CPC leader, Xi went toGuangdong – thewellspring ofChina’s reform and opening up, following theroute Deng had taken 20 years earlier, when the country found itself at acrossroads.

Media reportscharacterizedXiasa leaderwhohasbroughtabouta freshbreezethroughthecountry’spoliticallife,committedtoreformandopeningup,anddeterminedtoleadthenationinrealizingtheChineseDream.

Xi,whowaselectedtohisnewroleattheFirstPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommitteeonNovember15,2012, is thefirst topPartyleadertohavebeenbornafter1949,theyearthePeople’sRepublicofChina(PRC)was

founded.

Henowleadsthe91-year-oldCPC,theworld’slargestpoliticalpartywithmorethan82millionmembers,asitrulesoverChina,theworld’ssecond-largesteconomy.

ThewholecountryandtheworldbeyondarewatchingXiwithinterestandexpectations:

–HowwillheleadtheCPCtobetterservethepeople?

– How will he lead China’s 1.3 billion people to “build a moderatelyprosperoussociety inall respects”by the100thanniversaryof thefoundingoftheCPCin2021?Furthermore,howwillheleadthepeopletoachievethegoalofbuildinganaffluent,strong,democratic,culturallyadvancedandharmoniousmodernsocialistcountrybythetimethePRCmarksitscentennialin2049?

–Howwillheleadthecountrytomakeitsduecontributiontoworldpeaceanddevelopment?

As hemet the press onNovember 15, right after the closing of the firstplenum,XisummeduptheCPC’smissionascomprisingthreeresponsibilities–tothenation,tothepeopleandtotheParty.

AdvocateoftheChineseDream

“The people aspire to a decent life – that is what we are fighting for,”remarkedXitothepressinhisfirstpublicspeechasCPCgeneralsecretary.

Shortly after takingoffice,Xi and theother sixmembersof theStandingCommittee of the Political Bureau of the CPCCentral Committee visited theexhibition“TheRoad toRejuvenation”at theNationalMuseumofChina.Thedisplay illustrated the huge challenges China has surmounted on the road tonationalrevivalsince1840.

“Nowadays, everyone is talking about theChineseDream,”henoted. “Inmyview,realizingthegreatrenewaloftheChinesenationisthegreatestdreaminmodernhistory.”

Toachievethisgoal,Xihasclarifiedhispositiononvariousaspectsofthecountry’sdevelopment:

– On economic development, Xi opposes blind focus on growth, andupholds the principle of scientific development, which seeks sustainability intermsofbothresourcesandtheenvironment.

–Onpoliticaldevelopment,he stresses the idea thatallpowerbelongs tothepeople,andcallsforactiveandsteadypoliticalreformwhilekeepingtothepathof socialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Healsostresses the ruleof lawandexercisingstatepowerinaccordancewiththeConstitution.

–Onculturaldevelopment,heaspirestodevelophumantalentandfosteraChinese national spirit, especially as typified by the words of the nationalanthem:“WewilluseourfleshandbloodtobuildournewGreatWall.”

–Onsocialdevelopment,hestressesthatwemustbefullyawareofthefactthatweareintheprimarystageofsocialism.Weshouldmakecontinuouseffortsto ensure and improve the people’s standard of living through economicdevelopment. He also supports building a harmonious society and realizing agoodlifeforthepeoplebasedonhardwork,whiletakingintoconsiderationthecountry’s actual circumstances. He calls for joint efforts from all sectors inbuildingaharmonioussociety.

– On ecological progress, he emphasizes a national strategy of resourceconservation, environmental protection and a sustainable pattern ofdevelopment.

FromtheLoessPlateauinnorthwesttothesoutheastcoastofChina,fromdistant localities to the central leadership,Xi has had awell-rounded politicalcareerandhasdevelopedadeepunderstandingoftheconditionsofhiscountryand itspeople.Xiworked fordecades inseveral localities, includingShanghaiand the provinces of Shaanxi, Hebei, Fujian and Zhejiang as a Party orgovernment official, as well as a period spent serving in the army, before hecametoBeijingtochairtheroutineworkoftheCPCSecretariat.

He was fully aware of the importance of strengthening the Party andregularly emphasized that the Party must discipline itself according to strict

standards. Under him, a number of intra-Party rules and regulations wereenacted. He has repeatedly stressed that the Party must supervise its ownconductandrunitselfwithstrictdiscipline.AtthefirststudysessionofthenewPolitical Bureau, he said, “Worms can only grow in something rotten.”[1] “Alarge number of facts have proved that corruption is now raging; if it is notcurbed our Party and country will surely be doomed.Wemust keep on highalert.”

Xipaysgreatattentiontoinvestigation,holdingthat,“investigationshouldbecarriedoutthroughoutthedecision-makingprocess.”Hehasalsostressedthatall officials should go to the grassroots communities and find out what thepeople think andwant, and solve theproblems thepeople aremost concernedwith.

Beginningin2008,heservedastheheadoftheleadinggroupinchargeofthe nationwide study and implementation of the Scientific Outlook onDevelopmentwithin theParty.This18-monthprogramhelpedbuildconsensusbehind the ScientificOutlook onDevelopment on the part of thewhole Partyandthecountryatlarge,andmaketheconceptadrivingforceforeconomicandsocialdevelopment.

Healsoledagroupofpeopleindraftingthe17thCPCCentralCommittee’sreporttothe18thCPCNationalCongressaswellastheamendmenttotheCPCConstitution, both of which were adopted at the congress and have becomeimportantguidelinesforChina’sfuture.

Xihashadaconnectionwith thearmedforcessincehisearlydays.Aftergraduating from university, he worked at the General Office of the CentralMilitaryCommission(CMC)oftheCPCforthreeyears,ajobthatgavehimadeepaffectionforthearmedforces.

In the following years he served concurrently as Party chief for militarysubareasinadditiontoholdinghisPartyandgovernmenttitles.Inthecourseofthis,hebecamefamiliarwithgrassrootsmilitaryaffairs.

HebecameCMCvicechairmanin2010andwasnamedCMCchairmanatthe First Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in November2012.

Xi isalso familiarwith issues related toHongKong,MacaoandTaiwan.His 17-year service in Fujian gave him a deep understanding of Taiwan andenterprises from Taiwan. The first Taiwan chamber of commerce on themainlandwasestablishedinXiamenwhenheworkedinFujian.Hesolvedmanyproblems forpeople fromTaiwan,andhas subsequentlybeen seenasa“goodfriend”bymanyofthem.

Asamemberofthecentralleadership,XiwasinchargeofHongKongandMacaoaffairs.Hehelpedworkoutanumberofimportantpoliciesonthelong-termstabilityandprosperityofthetwospecialadministrativeregions.

In2008and2009,whenHongKongandMacaowereseriouslyhitbytheinternational financial crisis, Xi visited both regions to show his support. Heencouraged the local people, saying, “There are always more means thandifficulties as long as we have a firm resolve.” In 2012, when he talked todeputiestotheNPCandtheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference(CPPCC)fromHongKongandMacaoattheannual“twosessions,”[2]hequoteda line from a classic: “If brothers are of the same mind, their edge can cutthrough metal”[3] to call on the people of Hong Kong and Macao to sticktogethertostriveforabetterlife.

In2008Xiwas taskedwithheading thepreparations forBeijing’smuch-anticipated2008OlympicGamesandthesubsequentParalympics,playingakeyroleinChina’shostingofthesegreatevents.

RegardingthePeopleasParents

Xihasexpressedhisdeepregardfor thepeopleonmanyoccasions:“Theimportanceofthepeopleinthemindsofofficialsdeterminestheimportanceofofficials in theminds of the people.” His love for the people stems from hisuniqueupbringing.

ThoughsonofXiZhongxun,aCommunist revolutionaryandformervicepremier,XiJinping’syouthwasnotspentincomfort.

Beginning in 1962, when his father was wronged and disgraced, Xiexperienced tough times. During the Cultural Revolution he suffered publichumiliationandhunger,experiencedhomelessnessandwasevenheldincustody

ononeoccasion.

Attheageof16hevolunteeredtoliveandworkinasmallvillagenamedLiangjiahe inYanchuan County in northwest China’s Shaanxi Province as an“educatedyouth.”

That area, part of the Loess Plateau, was where the Communistrevolutionaries,includinghisfather,hadrisentofoundthePRC.

Life therewas tough for an urbanyouth. In the beginning, fleas troubledhimsobadlyhecouldhardlysleep.IntheShaanxicountryside,hehadtodoallsortsofhardlabor–carryingmanure,haulingacoalcart,farming,andbuildingdykes.Hewasabletowalkfor5kmonamountainouspathwithtwodanglingbaskets filledwithalmostonehundredkgofwheatonashoulder-pole.Localscalledhim“atoughboy.”

Astimepassed,thetoughworkbecameeasier.Xigrewintoacapableandhard-workingyoungmanintheeyesofthevillagers.Throughgainingtheirtrust,hewaselectedvillagePartychief.

Heledthefarmerstoreinforcetheriverbankintheslackseasonofwinterinabidtopreventerosion,organizedasmallcooperativeofblacksmithsinthevillage tomake farming tools, andbuilt amethane tank forgathering cookinggas,thefirstinlandlockedShaanxi.

Ononeoccasionhewasawardedamotorizedtricycleafterbeingnameda“model educated youth.” However, he exchanged the tricycle for a walkingtractor,aflourmillingmachine,awheatwinnowingmachineandawaterpumptobenefitthevillagers.

Althoughhedidnotattendschool,Xineverstoppedreading.Hebroughtacaseofbooks to thevillageand,asrecalledbyvillagersofLiangjiahe,hewasalways “reading books as thick as bricks while herding sheep on mountainslopesorunderakerosenelampatnight.”

He formed close ties with the villagers during his seven years in theprovince. After being recommended for enrollment at Tsinghua University in1975 all the villagers lined up to bid him farewell, and a dozen young men

walkedmorethan30kmtoaccompanyhimtothecountyseatforhistripbacktoBeijing.

XihasneverforgottenthevillagersofhisShaanxihome.Evenafterheleft,hehelpedthevillagegetaccesstoelectricpower,buildabridge,andrenovateaprimary school. When he was Party chief of Fuzhou City he returned to thevillage,callingonpeopledoortodoor.Hegavesomemoneytoseniorvillagers,and provided schoolchildren with new schoolbags, school supplies and alarmclocks.When a farmer friend got sick,Xi, then a senior provincial official ofFujian,broughthimtoFujianatXi’sownexpenseforbettermedicaltreatment.

Years of toiling alongside the villagers allowed him to get to know thecountryside and farmerswell. Xi has said that the two groups of peoplewhogavehim thegreatest help inhis lifewere revolutionaryveterans and the folkfromtheShaanxivillagewhereheoncelived.

Hearrivedatthevillageasaslightlylostteenagerandleftasa22-year-oldmandeterminedtodosomethingforthepeople.

Xi’saffectionforthecommonpeopleinfluencedhiminanumberofcriticaldecisions.Inthe1980s,whenmanyofhiscontemporariesoptedtodobusinessorwenttostudyabroad,XigaveupacomfortableofficejobinBeijingandwenttoworkasthedeputysecretaryofthePartycommitteeofasmallandpoverty-stricken county of Zhengding in north China’s Hebei Province. In 1981 theannual per capita incomeof this countywas less thanRMB150.At first localpeopledoubtedthisyoungman’sability.Xilivedinhisoffice,andhadmealsatthecanteen.Hewasoftenseenchattingwithpeoplewhilehavingasimplemealunderatree.Frequentlyherodeabicycletovillagestofindouthowthefarmersfared.Thushewonthelocalpeople’strust.

In 1988 he became Party secretary of Ningde Prefecture in southeastChina’sFujianProvince,oneofthepoorestpartsofthecountryatthattime.

The needs of the people weighed heavy on Xi’s heart, and visits tograssrootsunitswerearegularpartofhisschedule.

DuringhistenureatNingdeheoftentraveledfordaysonmountainroadstoreachthefarthestcornersoftheprefecture.Theroadsweresoroughthathehad

totakebreaksonthewaytoeasethepaininhisback.HeoncewalkedfornearlyfivehoursonaruggedmountainroadtogettoavillagecalledXiadang,whichwas not accessible by highway. There he received awarmwelcome from thevillagers,whosaidthatXiwasthehighest-rankingofficialwhohadevercometothevillage.

He also helped thousands of farmers in Ningde renovate dilapidatedthatchedhuts,andbuilthousesforfishermenwhousedtoliveonboats.

WhenworkingasPartysecretaryofFuzhou,capitalofFujianProvince,hetook the lead in the country in establishing a system for officials to meetpetitionersfacetoface.Heintroducedthesamesysteminotherplaceswhereheservedlater.

AtonepointheandotherseniorofficialsinFuzhoumetwithmorethan700petitionersintwodays,andsolvedmanyoftheirproblemsonthespotorsetatimelimittofindsolutions.

BeforeChineseNewYearin2005,whileworkingineastChina’sZhejiangProvince,hevisitedacoalminenamedChangguang,wentdownnearly1,000munderground,thenwalkedmorethan1,500malonganarrowandinclinedshafttovisitminersandseetheirworkingconditions.

Xi attaches great importance to communicationwith the people via newsmedia. He contributed many articles to a popular column of Zhejiang Daily,usingthepennameZheXin.Inhis232articles,hediscussedeverydayproblemsofinteresttoordinarypeople.Hiswritingswereverypopularandpeoplepraisedhimas“usingplainwordstodiscussbigproblems.”

A mild person, Xi is very tough in disciplining officials and preventingthem from acting against the interests of the public. In an investigation intoillegalhousingconstructionbyofficialsinNingde,hegrewangryandpoundedthe tableasheasked,“Willweoffenda fewhundredofficials,orwillwe failmillions of people?” A number of officials in Zhejiang were punished forirregularconductduringhistenure.

Xiisamanofcompassion.OneachChineseNewYearhesendsgreetingstohisteachers.HeprovidedtheonlycaroftheZhengdingPartyCommitteefor

theusebywarveterans,andbuiltaclinicandaclubespeciallyforthem.WheninFuzhou,hesupportedchildrenfrompoorfamiliestogotoschoolwithmoneyfromhisownpocket.

Hisworkstyleearnedhimthenickname“SecretaryofthePeople.”

“Officialsshould love thepeople in thewaythey love theirparents,workfortheirbenefitandleadthemtoprosperity,”heoncesaid.

LeaderwithForesight

Xiregularlyshowsastrongsenseofresponsibilitytowardsthefutureofthenation and has declared his determination to press forward with reform andopeningup.

Throughout his political career his foresight and resolve have beenapparent,aswellashiswillingnesstosacrificepersonalgainandtransientfameforagreatercause.

Whenworking inXiamen, a coastal city inFujian andoneof the specialdevelopment zones in China, he took charge of drafting the Socio-EconomicDevelopmentStrategyofXiamen1985-2000,whichlaidasolidfoundationforthe city’s urban planning and future economic development. He was put inchargeoffinancialreform,andservedasheadofanadministrativebodyofthespecial development zone. Under his leadership, a number of policies andmeasurestoadvancethereformandopeningupofXiamenwereenacted.Xiwasactive inenablingXiamen tobe listedasa“city specificallydesignated in thestateplan,”whichwasapprovedandbenefitedthecitylongafterhehadlefttheprovince.

WhenworkinginZhengding,HebeiProvince,hesawapotentialbusinessopportunity when he learned that the crew of A Dream of Red Mansions, apopularclassicnovel-turned-TVdrama,waslookingforafilminglocation.

HeproposedbuildinginZhengdingalargeresidentialcompound,knownasthe“RongMansion,”thatfeaturedinthenovel.Thecompound,whichwasusedforTVshooting,laterbecameatouristattraction.TouristincomefromtheRongMansionexceededRMB10milliontheyearitwascompleted,morethanpaying

backtheinitialinvestment.Thesitehasbeenusedasthesetformorethan170moviesandTVdramas,withupto1.3milliontouristseveryyear.

In Fuzhou, after intense deliberation, he and his colleagues devised theFuzhou Three-, Eight-, and Twenty-year Development Strategy. All the maintargets setby the strategywereachievedon time,andanumberofenterprisesthat were set up or brought to Fuzhou when Xi served there remain industryleaderstoday,playingasignificantroleinthecity’sdevelopmentoverthepasttwodecades.

Working as Fujian governor, he was the first in the country to launch acampaigntocrackdownonfoodwastageandensurefoodsecurity.

In 1999 he took the lead in putting forward the idea of improving ITinfrastructureandintroducinginformationtechnologytohelpthepublic.In2010Fujian became the first province in China where all hospitals were linked bycomputer networks, and digital medical cards were issued to everyone formedicalcare.

In2002Fujian launched the reformof the collective forestproperty rightsystem,thefirstofitskindinthecountry.

Also,duringXi’stenure,FujianwasamongthefirstprovincesinChinatoadopt special policies to restore the ecological balance and protect theenvironment. This has made Fujian the province with the best water and airquality,aswellasthebestecologyandenvironmentinthecountry.

In 2002 Xi was transferred to Zhejiang Province, one of the mosteconomically developed provinces in China. There Xi made extensive fact-finding trips and in 2003 formulated and put into practice the strategy of“making full use of eight advantages and implementing eight majormeasures,”[4]layingasolidfoundationfortheprovince’sfuturedevelopment.

He initiated local industrial restructuring, transforming the province’sextensive and inefficient growth pattern, and encouraged leading enterprisesfromoutsidetheprovincetoinvestinZhejiang.

Inaddition,heproposedadevelopmentmodethatwouldgiveequalweight

to both manufacturing and commerce, a mode particularly suited to the localconditions in Zhejiang. He also supported local companies’ efforts to expandoverseas,aswellasstart-upsbyordinarycitizens.

At the same time he encouraged cooperation between Zhejiang andneighboringShanghaiand JiangsuProvince, inorder to tap theirpotential andbuildanintegratedeconomicpowerhouse.

In 2004, under Xi’s leadership, Zhejiang made an attempt to improvecommunity-leveldemocracy.Villagessetupspecialcommitteestosupervisethevillage Party committees and administrative committees on public affairs, amovethatwaswelcomedbythepublic.

Village supervision committees, which sprang from the Zhejiang model,were later introduced in an amendment to the Organic Law of Villagers’Committees in 2010 by the NPC Standing Committee, the top Chineselegislature.

XicalledonthepeopleofZhejiangtorelyonthemselvesindevelopingthelocaleconomy.Hewasfullyaware that thepeopleofZhejiangwerebusiness-minded, and had a proud tradition of running businesses.Given thatZhejianglacked natural resources, people had towork harder and find opportunities inotherplacessuchasShanghaiandJiangsu.Anumberofmeasures takenunderXi’sleadershipenormouslypromotedthesocio-economicdevelopmentnotonlyinZhejiangbutalsothewholeareaoftheYangtzeRiverDelta[5].

Shanghai wasXi’s last local post before hewas promoted to the centralleadership.Despitearelativelyshortterminthecountry’sfinancialhub,helefthismarkbypromotingtheeconomicintegrationoftheYangtzeRiverDeltaandenhancingShanghai’sleadingroleintheregion.

Xiadded“enlightened,sagacious,open-mindedandmodest”totheofficialwording of the Shanghai City Motto, which previously had simply read“inclusive and sublime.”Thiswas intended to capture the essence of the city.MediainShanghainotedthatthesemodificationshelpedbetterpresentShanghaitotherestoftheworld.Thechangesalsoattractedattentionfromfurtherafield.

OnlybyHardWorkCanWeGettotheFore

“Empty talk harms the country, while hard work makes it flourish,” Xiremarkedduringhisvisitto“TheRoadtoRejuvenation”exhibitioninBeijingonthe15thdayafterbeingelectedastheCPC’snewhelmsman.

To put “hardwork” in place,Xi presided over ameeting of the PoliticalBureauof theCPCCentralCommittee that adopted “EightRules” to improvetheParty’sconductanditstieswiththepeople.Therulesincludemorecontactwith the public, traveling light with a small entourage, using fewer trafficcontrols, shorteningmeetings and speeches, andpracticing economy.Thenewruleshaveelicitedapositiveresponsebothathomeandabroad.

“Only by hard work can we get to the fore,” he once commented. Hedemands concrete efforts to tackle issues that affect peoplemost.He believesthatwithouthardworkthebestblueprintwillbeofnouse.

Whenhe served inZhengdingCounty,Xi said thatdeveloping itshumanresourceswasthekeytopovertyreductionandlocaleconomicdevelopment.Heinvitedprofessionals to thecountyanddrewuprecruitmentadvertisements fortalentedpeoplefromacrossthecountry.

Onawinter’sdayin1983hetraveledtoShijiazhuang,theprovincialseatofHebei,toinviteanexpertinmedicinalcosmeticstoworkinZhengding.Withouta full address for the expert, hewent from door to door asking for help, andfinallyfoundhimthateveningbyshoutinghisnameinthestreetnearhishome.Xiandtheexperttalkeduntilmidnight,andthemanfinallyacceptedtheoffer.HelatercreatedmorethanRMB300,000inrevenuesfor thecountyinhisfirstyear.

That same year Xi decided to publish a document listing nine ways torecruittalentedpeople,somethingthatwasrareatthetimeandbecameafront-page story in theHebeiDaily.Hewrotemore than 100 letters to experts andscholars, as well as to colleges and research institutions, and paid visits todozensofexperts.Withintwoyears,Zhengdingattracted683professionalsandhired53well-knownexpertsaseconomiccounselors.

Together with his colleague Lü Yulan, then deputy Party secretary ofZhengding, and in the face of strong opposition, Xi told superior authoritiesabout the excessive burden faced by the county due to compulsory grain

purchases.Theissuewaseventuallyresolvedandtheheavyburdenonthelocalpeoplewaslifted.

In Ningde, Xi was also pragmatic and realistic. He pooled resources toencouragecultivationofthelargeyellowcroaker,alocalspecialty,andtherebygreatlyincreasedtheincomeoflocalfishermen.

HealsoorderedPartyandgovernmentofficestobeeasilyaccessibletothepeople. When serving in Fuzhou, he advocated the principle of “specialprocedures for special issues, and do things right away” tomake governmentagencies more efficient. This principle attracted numerous companies fromTaiwan, and helped boost the local economy. In 1992 he took the lead in thecountrytoapplythemanagementmodeofforeign-fundedenterprisesto12largeandmedium-sized state-ownedenterprisesas apilotproject.Healsoproposedthecompilationoftwohandbooksongovernmentwork,helpinglocalresidentsandoverseasbusinesspeopleintheirworkanddailylife.

In 2000Xi launched an initiative throughout Fujian tomake governmentagencies more efficient. He proposed changes in government functions andprocedures to reduce the amount of documentation that required governmentapproval.Bytheendof2001606itemshadbeeneliminated–morethan40%ofthetotal.

In 2001 Fujian became the first province in China to formulate andimplement a policy aimed at making government affairs public. Detailedimplementationrulesweremadetorequireallcounties,citiesanddistrictsintheprovincetomaketheiradministrativeworktransparent.Awarningsystemwasestablished to tighten oversight over all government agencies. In addition, aperformance complaint center was set up so that people could voice theircriticismsandsuggestions.

InAugust2002Xipublishedanarticle in amajornationalnewspaperonthe “Jinjiang experience,” which advocated market-orientated development,stressed the role of local advantages, called for improvement of governmentservices, and emphasized the importance of the private economy in thedevelopment of the county. Also in 2002, he published another articlepublicizing Nanping City’s experience of sending officials and technicians toworkinvillages.ThispracticewaslaterextendedfromNanpingthroughoutthe

province,enhancingtiesbetweenofficialsandfarmers,andhelpingofficials tobecomemoreorientedtowardsgrassrootsresults.

In Zhejiang Xi stressed provincial development in the fields of publicsecurity,theenvironment,culture,theruleoflawandthemarineeconomy.

Toachievethesegoalshecarriedoutindividualcasestudiesandattendedtogeneralplanning.InordertounderstandhowindividuallocalitieswereaffectedbyprovincialpolicieshepaidfivevisitstoamountainvillagecalledXiajianginunderdevelopedChun’anCounty insouthwestZhejiang in less than twoyears.Locateddeepinthemountains,thevillageissome60kmfromthecountyseat.DuringeachvisitXichattedwithvillagersattheirhomesandinthefields.Onone occasion he inspected construction of amethane tank.He said that thirtyyearsearlier,whenhehadlivedinavillage,hehadbeenanexpertinbuildingmethanetanks.Xiencouragedvillagerstomanagethetanksproperlyandmakethevillagearolemodelinmakinguseofmethane.

Hepaidspecialattentiontothemarineeconomy.InDecember2002heputforwardtheobjectiveofbuildingZhejiangintoaprovincewithastrongmarineeconomy,andfolloweduphisgeneralproposalwithspecificplansandmeasurestorealize thisobjective.ThemarineeconomyinZhejianghassincedevelopedquickly,withanannualgrowthof19.3%.By2005itaccountedfornearly8%oftheGDPofZhejiang.

XipushedfortheintegrationoftheNingboandZhoushanharbors.In2006the jointNingbo-Zhoushanharbor recorded a cargo throughput of 420milliontons,rankingsecondinChinaandamongtheworld’stopthree.

HealsopressedonwiththeconstructionoftheHangzhouBayBridge,aniconicsea-crossinginChina,andatonetimetheworld’slongestseabridge.

In2003Xiproposedthatruralcommunitiesshouldbemanagedmorelikeurbancommunities,andeveryeffortshouldbemadetonarrowtheurban-ruralgapinqualityoflife.

Zhejiang realized its development targets one after another during Xi’stenure. The province had the highest rating in ecology and the environmentamong all provincial-level regions in 2005. In 2006 almost 95%of the public

were satisfiedwith theprovince’spublic security,makingZhejiangoneof thesafestprovincesinthecountry.

During his service in Zhejiang, the province’s GDP exceeded RMB1trillionin2004,anditsannualpercapitaGDPexceededUS$3,000in2005andstood at nearly US$4,000 in 2006. The province ranked fourth in sustainabledevelopmentin2006,afterShanghai,BeijingandTianjin.

Furthermore,all thecountiesand townships in theprovince thathadbeenofficiallyclassifiedas“poverty-stricken”wereraisedoutofpovertyduringthatperiod.

In 2007 Xi was appointed secretary of the CPC Shanghai MunicipalCommittee.

In the first month after his appointment Xi began research projects intostandards of living, development, the Shanghai World Expo, and the fightagainst corruption. Despite difficulties and obstacles in the metropolis, Xiconvened the Ninth Shanghai Municipal Congress of the CPC, greatlyinvigorating local officials, rebuilding Shanghai’s image, and setting forth ablueprintforShanghaiforthenextfiveyears.

XialwaysbelievesthatacountyPartychiefshouldvisitallthevillagesinthe county, a cityParty chief all the districts and townships in the city, and aprovincialPartychiefallthecountiesandcitiesintheprovince.

HevisitedallthevillagesinZhengding.InNingde,hevisitedninecountiesduring the first threemonths,and traveled tomostof the remaining townshipslateron.AfterbeingtransferredtoZhejiangin2002,hevisitedall90countiesinjust over a year.During his tenure in Shanghai, he visited all 19 districts andcountiesinsevenmonths.Afterhecametoworkwiththecentralleadership,hevisited all the 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directlyunderthecentralgovernmentonthemainland.

ManwithaWorldVision

DuringarecentmeetingwithforeignexpertsworkinginChina,XisaidthatChina,asa responsiblecountry,willnotonlymanage itsownaffairs,butalso

properly handle its relationswith the rest of theworld, so as to foster amorefavorableexternalenvironmentandmakeagreatercontributiontoworldpeaceanddevelopment.

“Chinaneedstoknowmoreabouttherestoftheworld,andtherestoftheworldalsoneedstoknowmoreaboutChina,”Xisaid.Whetherworkingatthelocal level or with the central leadership, Xi has always valued internationalexchanges and making foreign friends. He takes every opportunity to meetforeignguestsvisitingChina.

BeforeXicametoworkwiththecentralleadershiphehadvisitedover60countries,andmetagreatnumberof foreignvisitors. In thepast fiveyearshehastraveledtomorethan40countriesandregionsacrossfivecontinentsandhashadextensivecontactswithpeopleofallwalksoflife.HeexplainsfranklyandhonestlytoforeignfriendshowtheChinesepeopleviewtheirowncountryandtheoutsideworld,andiswillingtolistentothemaswell. In theeyesofmanyforeign dignitaries,Xi is a confident, pragmatic, sagacious and good-humoredleader.

He often tells foreign visitors that the global community is becomingincreasinglyintegrated,andsharesacommondestiny.China’scontinuousrapiddevelopment depends on world peace and development. It also providesopportunitiesforothercountriestodevelop,sotogetherwecanachievemutuallybeneficial results and share benefits through mutual respect and pragmaticcooperation.

AttheWorldPeaceForumorganizedbyTsinghuaUniversityinJuly2012,Xi noted that a country must let others develop while seeking its owndevelopment;mustletothersfeelsecurewhileseekingitsownsecurity;mustletotherslivebetterwhileaspiringtolivebetteritself.InameetingwithLeeKuanYew[6] in Singapore, Xi said that not every strong country would seekhegemony.Chinawouldstick to thepathofpeacefuldevelopment,amutuallybeneficialstrategyandopeningup,andthepledgeofneverseekinghegemony.Chinawouldpassitscommitmentfromgenerationtogeneration.

Xi’sforeignvisitshavesentoutasignalthatcountriesshouldworktogethertoestablishamoreequalandbalancedglobalpartnership,soastosafeguardthecommoninterestsofallofhumanityandmaketheearthabetterplace.

During his five-day visit to the US in 2012, Xi attended 27 events andengaged inexchangeswithPresidentObamaandotherUSpoliticians,and thepublicalike.“Aslongasbothsidesgraspthethreadofcommoninterests,ChinaandtheUScanexploreapathofnewpartnershipinwhichmajorpowersliveinharmony, engage in positive interaction, and achieve mutually beneficialcooperation.”HisremarkselicitedpositivefeedbackfrommanyintheUS.

InarecentmeetingwithformerUSPresidentJimmyCarter,Xicalledformore“positiveenergy”fortheChina-USpartnership.

During his visit to Russia, Xi stressed the importance of developingbilateral relations between the two countries. China’s strategic partnership ofcoordination with Russia has become the closest, most dynamic and mostprofoundbetweenmajorpowers,anddevelopingpositiverelationswithRussiaisalwaysapriorityforChina’sforeignaffairs.XiattendedthesecondmeetingofthedialoguemechanismbetweentheChineseandRussianrulingpartiesandhadextensiveandin-depthdiscussionswithleadersofvariouspartiesinRussia,furtherstrengtheningSino-Russianrelations.

Xihighlyvaluesrelationswithdevelopingcountries.HeoncesaidthatwewouldtakeconsolidatinganddevelopingrelationswithdevelopingcountriesastheaimandbasisofChina’sforeignpolicy.

InSouthAfrica,XiattendedthefourthplenarysessionoftheChina-SouthAfricaBinationalCommission,lookingforward,togetherwiththeSouthAfricanside,toabrightfutureforbilateralcooperation.

In a speech delivered at a seminar marking the 10th anniversary of theestablishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), XiunderscoredChina’sfriendshipwithAfrica,highlightingthat“afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”

InSaudiArabia, he stated that amoreprosperous andopenChinawouldbringgreatdevelopmentopportunitiestotheMiddleEastandtheGulfcountries.

InChile,speakingoftherelationshipoverthenextdecade,heproposedthatChina and Latin America should be good partners in the fields of politics,economics,cultureandinternationalaffairs.

Xihasbeenpragmaticandefficientontheinternationalstage.Inonesingleday,whileattendingthecelebrationsforthe150thanniversaryoftheunificationof Italy, Xi exchanged ideas with leaders from more than 20 countries andinternationalorganizations.DuringhisvisittoGermanyandfourotherEuropeancountries, Xi attended five signing ceremonies for economic and tradeagreements and six economic and trade forums, and signed 93 cooperationagreementsinvolvingatotalofUS$7.4billion.

Xihasalsoemphasizedtheroleofculturalexchangesinthebuildingofaharmoniousworld.AddressingattendantsattheFrankfurtBookFairin2009,heremarked that through exchanges between different cultures, people fromdifferent countries had come to know Confucius from China, Goethe fromGermany and Shakespeare from Britain. Promoting international culturalexchanges created important momentum for human progress and peacefuldevelopment,hesaid.

DuringhisvisittoRussia,hestoodsidebysidewithVladimirPutinintheKremlinastheylaunchedthe“YearoftheChineseLanguage”inRussia.Hesaidinhisaddress:“Cultureisenriched,heartsarejoinedtogether,andfriendshipisdeepenedthroughexchanges.”

Xi has a talent for drawingwisdom fromChinese culture and presentingideas clearly in a straightforward and humorousway.During hisUS visit, heborrowedalinefromthethemesongofthepopularChineseTVdramaMonkeyKing to diffuse the gravity of the bilateral issue. “The road is right under ourfeet,”hesaid,whendescribingthe“unprecedented”relationsbetweenChinaandtheUS,presentingtheimageofaconfidentandforward-lookingChineseleader.

When facing questions about human rights in China, he is forthright:“Thereisnobest,onlybetter.”Hetakestheviewthateverycountry’ssituationisdifferent,andeverypath isdifferent.“Whether theshoefitsornot,onlythewearerknows.”

Amitybetweenpeoplesisthekeytosoundrelationsbetweenstates.Xihassaid the level of state-to-state friendship depends on relations between theirpeoples. He once light-heartedly remarked to foreign ministry officials on adiplomatic trip that life lay inmotion, and diplomacy lay in activity. In otherwords,diplomatsshouldtravelwidelyandmakemorebosomfriends.

Duringhis visit toLaos,Xi arranged a specialmeetingwith the lateLaoleader Quinim Pholsena’s children, who had lived and studied in Beijing. Hejoined them in recalling their days at Beijing’s Bayi School. He said thatPholsena’ssecondsonborethenickname“ChubbyBoy.”Thismadeeverybodylaugh.

DuringhisUSvisit,XitraveledtoIowatojoinadozenoldacquaintancesforteaandachatatahouseinanIowafarmcommunity.MostofthepeopleatthegatheringwerefriendsXihadmadeduringa1985visittoIowaasamemberofanagriculturalresearchdelegation.

InRussia,hevisitedachildren’scentertoseeChinesestudentstherewhohad been affected by the devastating Wenchuan earthquake of 2008, andexpressedhisgratitudetothestaff.

He kicked off a game of Gaelic football in Dublin’s Croke Park whenvisiting Ireland and watched an NBA game in the US. Themedia welcomedsuchactivitiesasevidenceofhiscordialimage.

“He succeeded in demonstrating not only his personal charisma andbearing, but also the image and charm of China,” an overseas media outletcommented.

SonofaRevolutionaryFamily;aGoodHusband

XiJinping’sfatherXiZhongxunwasaPartyandstateleader.Attheageof21 the seniorXi served as chairman of the government of the Shaanxi-GansuBorderRegion,aCPCrevolutionarybaseinthe1930s,andwascalledbyMaoZedonga“leaderofthepeople.”

XiZhongxunbegantosufferpoliticalpersecutionin1962,whichcontinuedfor16years.However,henevergave in toadversitybut triedhisbest tohelpclear the names of others who had been persecuted. Once the CulturalRevolution had come to an end, he served as first secretary of the CPCGuangdong Provincial Committee, at the forefront of China’s reform andopening-updrive,makinganimportantcontributiontotheestablishmentofthespecialeconomiczonesintheprovinceandtheirrapiddevelopment.

Xi’smotherQiXin,nearly90yearsofage,isalsoaveteranrevolutionaryand Partymember. A dutiful son, Xi often strolls and chats with hismother,holdingherbythehand,andregularlymakestimetodinewithher.

The Xi family has a tradition of being strict with children and living asimple life. Xi Zhongxun believed that if a senior Party official wanted todisciplineothers,heshouldbegin firstwithhimselfandhis family.XiJinpingandhisyoungerbrotherusedtowearclothesandshoeshandeddownfromtheirelder sisters. After Xi Jinping became a leading official, his mother called afamilymeeting toban the siblings fromengaging in anybusiness in the areaswhereXiJinpingworked.

XiJinpinghascarriedonhisfamily’straditionandhasbeenstrictwithhisownfamily.Whereverheworked,hetoldhisfamilynottodobusinessthereordoanythinginhisname,otherwisehe“wouldberuthless.”Whether inFujian,ZhejiangorShanghai,hepledgedatofficialmeetingsthatnoonewasallowedtoseek personal benefit through making use of his name, and welcomedsupervisioninthisregard.

XimarriedPengLiyuan,arenownedfolksongsingerandpopularsopranosingerofopera. In1980PengcausedquiteastirwhenattendinganationalartperformanceinBeijing,representingShandongProvince.

Shewas the first person inChina to obtain amaster’s degree in nationalvocalmusic.She isa representativeofcontemporarynationalvocalmusicandoneofthefoundersoftheschoolofnationalvocalmusic.

Hermost famousworks includeOn theFields ofHope, People fromMyVillage,WeAre YellowRiver andMount Taishan andRivers andMountains.She has won many top awards in national vocal music competitions such asChina’sGoldenDiskAwardandtheStateAudio-VedioAward.

ShehasplayedleadingrolesinChinesenationaloperassuchasTheWhite-hairedGirl,GriefatDawn,TheParty’sDaughterandOdetoHeroineMulan,amongothers.ShehasalsowonthehighesttheatricalawardinChina,thePlumBlossomPrize,andthehighestperformanceartaward,theWenhuaPrize.

Pengattributesheraccomplishmentstothepeopleandsaidthatsheshould

contribute all her talent to the people.Overmore than three decades, she hasgivenhundredsoffreeperformancesforpeoplefromallwalksoflifeacrossthecountry.These includedperformances in impoverishedmountainareas,coastalareas, oilfields, mines and barracks, as well as in deserts and on the snowyplateau. She also performed inWenchuan after the devastating earthquake of2008,inBeijing’sXiaotangshanaftertheSARSoutbreakin2003,andinflood-hitJiujianginJiangxiProvincein1998.

TobetterintroduceChinesenationalvocalmusicandnationaloperatotheoutsideworld,Pengwas the first toplay a solo concert inSingapore in1993.ShehasalsorepresentedChina inperformances inmore than50countriesandregions,becomingaworld-renownedculturalambassadorforChina.

She produced and played the leading role in the operaOde to HeroineMulan, which was performed at New York City’s Lincoln Center for thePerformingArtsandattheViennaStateOperaHouseinAustria.

Pengiscurrentlyshiftingherfocusfromperformancetoeducation,aimingtotrainnewsingersandproducenewmasterpieces.

Peng is verymuch devoted towork for the public good. She is aWHOGoodwill Ambassador for Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, a national AIDSprevention advocate, and an ambassador both for the prevention of juveniledelinquency and for tobacco control. At a recent World AIDS Day activity,raisingawarenessaboutAIDS,shewascalled“MamaPeng”byAIDSorphans.

XiandPengfellinlovein1986,andmarriedthesameyear.Althoughtheywereoftenseparatedbyworkcommitments,theyhaveunderstoodandsupportedeachotherandcontinuouslyshowntheirdevotiontoeachother.

AsamemberofthePeople’sLiberationArmy,Pengwasoftentaskedwithstaging performances in remote areas. These tours sometimes kept her on theroad for two to threemonths at a time.Always concerned about hiswife,Xiwouldphoneherbeforebedtimealmosteverynight,nomatterhowlateitwas.

On Chinese New Year’s Eve, Peng would often perform at the SpringFestivalGalapresentedbyChinaCentralTelevision.Xiwouldmakedumplingswhilewatchingtheshowandwaitforherreturntohavethefamilyfeast.

In theeyesofPeng,Xi isagoodhusbandandagood father.Shealwaysshows care and consideration for him. Peng takes every opportunity to betogetherwithherhusband,cookingdishesofdifferentstylesforhim.

ToPeng,Xiisbothauniqueandaveryordinaryperson.Hefavorshome-made cooking in the Shaanxi and Shandong cuisines, and also enjoys a drinkduring parties or with friends. He likes swimming, mountaineering, andwatching basketball, football and boxingmatches. Sometimes he stays up latewatchingsportsontelevision.

The couple have a daughter, Xi Mingze. Mingze in Chinese connotes“living an honest life and being a useful person to society,” which is theirexpectationforherandalsoasymboloftheirsimplefamilystyle.

Notes

[1]Seenote24,p.22.

[2] The “two sessions” refer to the annual sessions of the National People’s Congress and theChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference.

[3]Seenote5,p.265.

[4] In July 2003 the fourth plenary (enlarged) session of the 11th CPC Zhejiang ProvincialCommitteeproposedtomakefulluseof theprovince’seightadvantagesfordevelopmentandimplementeightmeasuresforitsfuturegrowth.

[5]TheYangtzeRiverDelta isoneofChina’smajoreconomicregions,mainlycoveringShanghaiandtheprovincesofJiangsuandZhejiang.

[6]LeeKuanYewwasfounderandfirstpremier(1965-1990)oftheRepublicofSingapore.

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