First Detectors European Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar)
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Transcript of First Detectors European Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar)
First Detectors
European Gypsy Moth(Lymantria dispar)
First Detectors
Why be Concerned about Gypsy Moth?
Tree defoliator
Attacks more than 300 species of woody plants
Increases host susceptibility to secondary pests and diseases
Greatest damage occurs at first introduction Appears as an outbreak pest in its native range
and established areas Over 1 million acres defoliated in the U.S. in
2010
First Detectors
Jul
y !
Local Impacts
Leaves are stripped
Trees are stressed, susceptible to other
pests and diseases
Each caterpillar consumes 9 ft2 of
foliage!
Photo courtesy of Garrett (MD) County extension Office Garrett Co., MDRocky Arbor State Park, WI
First Detectors Landscape Impacts
Photo courtesy of Garrett (MD) County Extension Office
Garrett County, MD 2007
First Detectors Human Nuisance
First Detectors Where is Gypsy Moth Established?
Europe and north Africa (native) U.S. and Canada (invasive)
First Detectors Identifying Gypsy Moth
Egg Masses Caterpillars Pupae Adults (males vs. females)
First Detectors Gypsy Moth Life Cycle
First Detectors
Emergence
Each female lays one egg mass containing 500-
1000 eggs Overwinter in a protected
spot
Egg Masses(laid in late summer, hatch in late spring)
First Detectors
Spot the Egg
Mass
First Detectors
6 pairs of red spots
5 pairs of blue spots
Caterpillar (late spring through early summer)
First stage larvae
Larger caterpillars rest by day, feed at night
First Detectors
Gypsy moth 2”
Fall webworm
1”
Whitemarked tussock moth
1 1/3”
Yellownecked caterpillar
1 3/4”
Eastern tent caterpillar
1 3/4”
Forest tent caterpillar
1 3/4”
Spiny elm caterpillar
2”
Whi
tney
Cra
nsha
w
MN
Dep
t of A
g.
Caterpillar Look-alikes
[full grown length in inches]
First Detectors Feeding Damage
Random feeding Entire leaf to midrib Can cover acres of woody habitat
First Detectors Host Preference
Preferredeaten by all stages of larvae
Oak, aspen, willow, white and river birch, basswood, larch, mountain-ash, alder and apple
Hawthorn, hazelnut, hophornbeam, hornbeam, serviceberry, witch-hazel
Less-preferredeaten only by older larvae
Yellow birch, boxelder, butternut, black walnut, cherry, eastern cottonwood, elm, hackberry, hickory, red and sugar maple, pine, and spruce
Blueberries, pin cherry, chokecherry, sweet fern
Avoidedrarely fed upon
ash, cedar, fir, silver maple, catalpa, mulberry and many urban species
Dogwood, elderberry, grape, greenbrier, juniper, raspberry, viburnum, and buckthorn!!
First Detectors
Pupa (Cocoon)(summer months)
Males smaller than females Attach by silken threads Found in protected spots
Bark crevices Duff layer
2 weeks
First Detectors
Adult(mid-summer to early fall)
Female(does not fly)
Male (daytime flier)
Distinct “commas” on top and underside of wings
Feathered antennae
First Detectors Mating Behavior
Females do not fly Pheromone attracts males Females lay one egg mass Adults die, eggs overwinter
First Detectors
Pheromone-baited traps Delta: sticky interior, trap holds ~10 males
Early Detection
Milk carton: kill strip, trap holds ~1000 males Male moths lured in as they try to find females
First Detectors
Trapping, Treatment and Regulations
Minnesota Dept. of Agriculture uses trends in moth numbers over time and space to determine treatment locations and where moths are established
First Detectors Gypsy Moth Trends in Minnesota
Main population is closer Mating success increasing
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
535 391 1310 4123608
12255
27870
4242 565910445
71262
First Detectors
Larval ballooning
Populations expand 1¼ miles per year due to larval dispersal
Natural Artificial
Tourism
Nursery stock
Household moves
How Does Gypsy Moth Spread?
Life stages are transported by humans 13-16 miles per year