First Americans (and other parts of the World, too)Unit 1.1

Who, When, from Where, Why?• What is the difference between immigration and migration?• Long before Columbus , what is the story of how people got to

America?• Land Bridge over Bering Strait• Approx. 20-40 thousand years ago

Development of Civilization• Hunter-gatherers

• What did they do?

• Subsistence farmers• Enough for who?

• City-States• In N & S America,

civilizations came about after there was a surplus of what crop?

Early Cultures in America• Olmec/Mayan in Yucatan Peninsula• Aztec is Central Mexico• Inca in South America• Anasazi and Hohokam – SW USA• Mississippian Culture• Mound builders

• Cahokia Mound (Illinois)• Crystal River

• Ancestors to modern tribes

What is the most important thing to know about the pre-Columbian Native Americans?

• There were hundreds/thousands of different nations.• Not United!• How would that hurt them

against European invaders?

• One group loosely united – Iroquois• Confederation (loose

union) of tribes• Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida,

Cayuga, Seneca, Tuscarora

Florida Tribes in 1492

• South Florida – Calusa• Middle/NE – Timucua• Panhandle – Apalachee• Plus other smaller tribes

• If you were a Native America living in Citrus County 500 years ago, what area would be best to live?• How would you live?

From here on it is basically a review of World History. You need think as a historian for American History. For each item think, why is this important for the history of America/United States.

Africa in the 1300s and 1400s• Ancient trading kingdoms – Ghana, Mali, Songhai• Traded on both sides of the Sahara Desert and had technology from

both. Controlled large areas.• Tribes had slavery.• What happened when European interacted with coastal tribes in

1400s?• How was slavery different than what it would be in the new world?

Europe in 1300s and 1400s• Most modern nations were not yet developed. Many smaller

kingdoms.• But what was the one unifying source for Europe?• Who was the unofficial leader of Europe?• How was this shown?• Crusades

Out of the Dark Ages• Marco Polo – how did his writings lead to exploration?• What was the big deal about spices?

• Renaissance – rebirth in learning• Scientific Revolution – Compass, Astrolabe, Caravels (ships)

Death and Monarchs• “Black Death” or

Black PlagueHow would the immune system be of the survivors?How would this be different from the Native Americans?

• Smaller kingdoms combine to form larger nations• Would be competing with

each other.• In 1500 the most powerful

European countries were:• Portugal• Spain• France•Netherlands• England

The Drunk Priest strikes• Martin Luther – 95 theses and split of church• Reformation• Protestant Churches• Christian, but not Roman Catholic or Greek Orthodox

• Many of the Protestants would have groups settle in the American colonies.

Hierarchy• Social Hierarchy

• Within royal families• Primogeniture• Who got everything

when dad died?• What did the other

sons do? Daughters?• What if they explored

new areas?

Reflection Questions• What happened to make civilizations occur in the Americas?• How is it that Native Americans did not all join together to

fight the invading Europeans?• How was slavery in Africa and how would it be different in the

new world?• How did events in Europe lead to exploration of the Americas?

Links• http://www.vatican.va/various/cappelle/sistina_vr/index.html

- Sistine chapel virtual tour• http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/americas-1620 -

timeline• http://oldmapsonline.org/#bbox=-9.364369,38.679089,-9.150

136,38.839719&q=&datefrom=1000&dateto=2010 – old maps

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A1Mn3e3VF7w – review video

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w0Bts_fcKNs&feature=fvwrel – how to survive APUSH