First Aid Slides
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Transcript of First Aid Slides
First AidTraining
aims of first aid
P
P
P
reserve Life
revent Worsening
romote Recovery
the airway
emergency action plan
Airway
Open the airway by
tilting the head back
and lifting the chin.
Remove
Danger
Make the scene safe.
Do not take risks.
YES
DANGER?
Make sure it is safe for
you to give help.
NO
YESHistoryFind out what has happened.
Signs and SymptomsHow does the patient feel or look?
Try to work out what’s wrong.
TreatmentRemember – If you’re not sure, always seek
professional medical advice.
Response?
Shout and gently shake or
tap the casualty.
Help!
Shout for help, but don’t
leave the casualty yet.
NO
Normal
Breathing?
Look, listen and feel
for no more than 10
seconds.
If you’re not sure if
breathing is normal, treat it
as though it is not.
Dial 999
Now
(If not already done)
NO
Resuscitation
Give 30 chest compressions, then 2 rescue breaths.
Continue giving cycles of 30 compressions to 2 rescue breaths.
Only stop to recheck the patient if they start breathing normally
– otherwise do not interrupt resuscitation.
If there is more than one rescuer, change over every 2 minutes
to prevent fatigue.
30 to 2
YESSecondary Survey Check for bleeding, injuries and clues
(see your first aid book).
Recovery Position
Recovery Position (see book).
Dial 999 if not already done.
Monitor Airway and Breathing.
Keep the casualty Warm.
priorities of treatment
Primary Survey
Seco
nd
ary S
urvey
BBreathing
AAirway
BBleeding (or burns)
BBones
D
R
A
B
anger
resuscitation
esponse
irway
reathing
F
I
S
H
S
H
A
P
E
D
Causes of unconsciousness
ainting
mbalance of heat
hock
ead Injury
troke
eart Attack
sphyxia
oisoning
pilepsy
iabetes
levels of consciousness
A
V
P
U
lert
oice
ain
nresponsive
Confused
Inappropriate words
Utters sounds
No verbal response
Localises pain
Responds only
secondary survey
Primary Survey First! – D.R.A.B.
Bleeding or Burns
Head and Neck
Shoulders and Chest
Abdomen and Pelvis
Legs and Arms
Pockets and Clues
Recovery Position
head injuries
Concussion Compression
Unconsciousness for a short
period, followed by an
increase in levels of
response and recovery.
Could have a history of
recent head injury with
apparent recovery, but then
deteriorates
Short term memory loss
(particularly of the incident).
Confusion, irritability.
Levels of response become
worse as condition develops
Mild, general headache. Intense headache.
Pale, clammy skin. Flushed, dry skin.
Shallow / normal breathing. Deep, noisy, slow breathing.
(Pressure on the respiratory
control area of the brain)
Rapid, weak pulse.
(Blood diverts away from the
extremities)
Slow, strong pulse.
(Caused by raised blood
pressure)
Normal pupils, reacting to
light.
One or both pupils dilate as
pressure increases on the
brain.
Possible nausea or vomiting
on recovery.
Condition becomes worse.
Fits may occur. No recovery.
compression
pupils
pupils
pupils
the respiratory system
the respiratory system
Alveoli
collapsed lung
External
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Control
Centre
Suffocation,Drowning,
High Altitude
Tongue, Vomit, Choking,
Strangulation, Hanging, Burns,
Anaphylaxis, Disease.
Crushing, Collapsed Lung, Chest
Injury, Poisons, Asthma, Disease,
Illness.
Heart Attack, Angina, Bleeding,
Poisons, Anaemia.
Stroke, Head Injury, Drug
Overdose/Poisons, Spinal Injury,
Electric Shock.
hypoxia – the causes
hypoxia – signs and symptoms
Pale, Cold, Clammy / Cyanosis
Nausea / Vomiting
Increase In Pulse Rate
Weak Pulse
Increase in Breathing Rate /
Short of Breath
Dizziness / Confusion
Lowered Levels of Response
the circulatory system
the heart – blood flow
From the Lungs
To the Lungs
From the
Body
To the Body
Left
Ventricle
Right
Ventricle
Left
AtriumRight
Atrium
the heart
a typical heart attack
electrical impulses of the heart
Shock –normal circulation
Hypovolaemic Shock
cardiogenic shock
fainting
Handbrake!!
anaphylactic shock
anaphylaxis
Picture: Many Thanks to the Anaphylaxis Campaign.
C
A
L
I
P
G
A
D
ontusion
types of wound
brasion
aceration
ncision
uncture
un Shot
mputation
egloved
fractured wrist
eye / face laceration
finger laceration
Fingertip amputation
puncture wound
blood loss
10% 20% 40%30%
Blood Loss
Blood
Pressure
Heart
Rate
80
100
120
140
Blood
Vessels
Constrict
Dilate
S
E
E
P
it or Lay
treatment of bleeding
xamine
levate
ressure
S
C
A
L
D
ize
severity of burns
ause
ge
ocation
epth
burns – estimating the area
laceration
dislocated kneecap
burns
COOL!
REMOVE
DRESS
1
2
3
burns treatment
the skeleton
the spine
5 Fused
Sacral
5 Lumbar
12 Thoracic
7 Cervical
Closed
Open
Complicated
Green Stick
types of fracture
P
L
U
S
D
I
C
T
ain
types of wound
oss of power
natural movement
welling or bruising
eformity
rregularity
repitus
enderness
open fracture
open fracture
Note the poor aseptic technique!
open fractured wrist
R
I
C
E
est
sprains and strains
ce
ompression
levation
body temperature
25
30
26
27
28
29
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
24
77
78.8
80.6
82.4
75.2
84.2
86
87.8
95
93.2
91.4
89.6
104
102.2
100.4
98.6
96.8
109.4
107.6
105.8
0C0F
Unconsciousness / fitting.
Confused / restless.
Headache, dizzy, uncomfortable.
Strong bounding pulse.
Flushed dry skin, hot to touch.
Cramps in stomach / arms / legs.Pale sweaty skin.Nausea / loss of appetite.
Normal Body Temperature
Shivering
Fatigue, Slurred speech
Confusion, forgetfulness
Shivering stops, muscle rigidity
Very slow, very weak pulse
Noticeable drowsiness
Severe reduction in response levels
Unconsciousness
Dilated pupils
Pulse undetectable
Appearance of death
Death
Heat
Stroke
HeatExhaustion
Mild
Hypothermia
Severe
Hypothermia
Normal
body temperature
25
30
26
27
28
29
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
24
77
78.8
80.6
82.4
75.2
84.2
86
87.8
95
93.2
91.4
89.6
104
102.2
100.4
98.6
96.8
109.4
107.6
105.8
0C0F
Unconsciousness / fitting.
Confused / restless.
Headache, dizzy, uncomfortable.
Strong bounding pulse.
Flushed dry skin, hot to touch.
Cramps in stomach / arms / legs.Pale sweaty skin.Nausea / loss of appetite.
Normal Body Temperature
Shivering
Fatigue, Slurred speech
Confusion, forgetfulness
Shivering stops, muscle rigidity
Very slow, very weak pulse
Noticeable drowsiness
Severe reduction in response levels
Unconsciousness
Dilated pupils
Pulse undetectable
Appearance of death
Death
Heat
Stroke
HeatExhaustion
Mild
Hypothermia
Severe
Hypothermia
Normal
body temperature
25
30
26
27
28
29
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
24
77
78.8
80.6
82.4
75.2
84.2
86
87.8
95
93.2
91.4
89.6
104
102.2
100.4
98.6
96.8
109.4
107.6
105.8
0C0F
Unconsciousness / fitting.
Confused / restless.
Headache, dizzy, uncomfortable.
Strong bounding pulse.
Flushed dry skin, hot to touch.
Cramps in stomach / arms / legs.Pale sweaty skin.Nausea / loss of appetite.
Normal Body Temperature
Shivering
Fatigue, Slurred speech
Confusion, forgetfulness
Shivering stops, muscle rigidity
Very slow, very weak pulse
Noticeable drowsiness
Severe reduction in response levels
Unconsciousness
Dilated pupils
Pulse undetectable
Appearance of death
Death
Heat
Stroke
HeatExhaustion
Mild
Hypothermia
Severe
Hypothermia
Normal
body temperature
25
30
26
27
28
29
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
24
77
78.8
80.6
82.4
75.2
84.2
86
87.8
95
93.2
91.4
89.6
104
102.2
100.4
98.6
96.8
109.4
107.6
105.8
0C0F
Unconsciousness / fitting.
Confused / restless.
Headache, dizzy, uncomfortable.
Strong bounding pulse.
Flushed dry skin, hot to touch.
Cramps in stomach / arms / legs.Pale sweaty skin.Nausea / loss of appetite.
Normal Body Temperature
Shivering
Fatigue, Slurred speech
Confusion, forgetfulness
Shivering stops, muscle rigidity
Very slow, very weak pulse
Noticeable drowsiness
Severe reduction in response levels
Unconsciousness
Dilated pupils
Pulse undetectable
Appearance of death
Death
Heat
Stroke
HeatExhaustion
Mild
Hypothermia
Severe
Hypothermia
Normal
body temperature
25
30
26
27
28
29
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
24
77
78.8
80.6
82.4
75.2
84.2
86
87.8
95
93.2
91.4
89.6
104
102.2
100.4
98.6
96.8
109.4
107.6
105.8
0C0F
Unconsciousness / fitting.
Confused / restless.
Headache, dizzy, uncomfortable.
Strong bounding pulse.
Flushed dry skin, hot to touch.
Cramps in stomach / arms / legs.Pale sweaty skin.Nausea / loss of appetite.
Normal Body Temperature
Shivering
Fatigue, Slurred speech
Confusion, forgetfulness
Shivering stops, muscle rigidity
Very slow, very weak pulse
Noticeable drowsiness
Severe reduction in response levels
Unconsciousness
Dilated pupils
Pulse undetectable
Appearance of death
Death
Heat
Stroke
HeatExhaustion
Mild
Hypothermia
Severe
Hypothermia
Normal
the digestive system
diabetes
High Blood Sugar Low Blood Sugar
Onset Slow Fast
Levels of
responseDeteriorate slowly Deteriorate rapidly
Skin Dry and Warm Pale, cold, sweaty
BreathingDeep sighing
breathsShallow and rapid
Pulse Rapid Rapid
Other
symptoms
Excessive urination
Very thirsty
HungerFruity smell on breath
May be confused
for drunkenness
moving and handling
For most women, reduce weight by one third
Reduce weight by 10% for twisting 45o
Reduce weight by 20% for twisting 90 o
Assumptions:The load is grasped in both hands.
The handler is in a stable body position
The lift takes place in reasonable working conditions
An average adult weighs 60 to 70kg!
moving and handling
Chin up as
you lift
Bend with
your knees
not your
back
Keep your
back upright
Keep the
load as close
to your body
as possible
Feet apart to
give you
balance