First aid principles
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Transcript of First aid principles
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FIRST AID PRINCIPLES
By:- Firoz QureshiDept. of Psychiatric Nursing
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What is First Aid?
First aid is the first assistance or treatment given to a casualty before the arrival of an ambulance or qualified expert.
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Definition
First Aid is the immediate and temporary care given to victim of an accident or sudden illness until the services of a doctor can be obtained or during transportation to hospital or casualty’s home.
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The Objects of FIRST AID is to:
I. Save Life
II. Prevent the Injury or condition becoming worse
III. To Ease Pain
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The Objects of FIRST AID is to:
Save Life
That is to know how to :
Stop BleedingCarryout Artificial RespirationTreat Shock
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Stop Bleeding
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Carryout Artificial Respiration+CPR
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Causes of Respiratory /Cardiac Arrest
Electrical
Drowning
Trauma
Drugs
Allergic Reactions
Heart Attack
Toxic , Noxious gases &
Suffocation
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Reaction Time
Chance of brain damageIf , CPR administered in late
0 to 4 minutes –4 to 6 minutes – 6 to 10 minutes –10 minutes & after
Recovery rate of victim if has artificial respiration done immediately
Oxygenated blood flow must get to brain
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ABCLeft Chin / head tilt
Look.-listen-feel for breath
Attempt to Ventilate Ventilate Every 5 seconds
Establish responsiveness
Check pulse
Recovery position
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Airway ObstructionsOpen
Closed
Obstructed
Tongue
30 Compressions to 2 Breaths
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Choking /Heimlich Maneuver
for Conscious Airway Obstruction
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Treat the ShockShock affects all major functions of the body
loss of blood flow to the tissues and organs
Shock must be treated in all accident cases
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Treatment for ShockLie victim down if possibleFace is pale-raise the tailFace is red-raise the headLoosen tight clothingKeep victim warm and dryDo not give anything by mouthNo stimulants
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The Objects of FIRST AID is to:
To Prevent an Injury Becoming Worse by:
Protection of the wound.
Immobilization of a broken bone.
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Protection of the wound.
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Control of Bleeding
Direct PressureElevation
Cold ApplicationsPressure bandage
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Pressure Points Where the artery
passes over a bone close to the skin
TemporalFacialCarotid
Sub-clavianBrachialRadialUlna
FemoralPoplitealPedal
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TourniquetAbsolute last resort in controlling bleeding Remember - Life or limb
Once a tourniquet is applied, it is not to be removed , only by a doctor
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Immobilization of a broken bone
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The Objects of FIRST AID is to:
To Ease Pain
That is to know how to :
Least possible movement
Gentle Handling
Supporting casualty in a good position
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Least Possible movement to easy pain
by . . . . . .
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Least Possible movement to
easy pain by . . . . . .
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Gentile handling
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Supporting casualty in a good position
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Recovery Position
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The FIRST AID Provider Task is to:
Find out what happened without endangering him or herself
Reassure and protect the person from any further danger.
Deal with the injury or condition as required
Arrange for travel home or to hospital as necessary.
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BurnsCool application Don’t break blisters Dry sterile dressing, treat for
shockRAPID TRANSPORT!!!
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Treatment : Severe Burns and Scalds
Cool the burn area with water for 10 to 20 minutes. Lay the casualty down and make him as comfortable as possible,
protecting burn area from ground contact. Gently remove any rings, watches, belts or constricting clothing from the
injured area before it begins to swell. Cover the injured area loosely with sterile un-medicated dressing or
similar non fluffy material and bandage. Don't remove anything that is sticking to the burn. Don't apply lotions, ointments, butter or fat to the injury. Don't break blisters or otherwise interfere with the injured area. Don't over-cool the patient and cause shivering. If breathing and heartbeat stop, begin resuscitation immediately, If casualty is unconscious but breathing normally, place in the recovery
position. Treat for shock. Send for medical attention and prep for transport.
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Qualities of FIRST AIDER
Observant Tactful Resourceful Discriminating Preserving Sympathetic Initiative and ability to improvise Powers of leader shiphttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUt1xXASm_s
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PRINCIPLE OF First-Aid
Provide Fresh Air The CASULATY must be removed at
once from any source of danger OR the source of danger From the casualty.
STOP bleeding Give Artificial Respiration Treat for SHOCK Reassure the casualty
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Don’t discuss the condition of the patient in front of him.
Pain must be relieved by supporting the injured part
Do not allow people to crowd around Do not attempt too much Do not remove clothes unnecessarily Death is not to be assumed because
sign of life are absent Arrange transport to hospital by
ambulance
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What Equipment is needed?
Think about big picture?What material you needed?How much of quantity?Where you should keep it?How to access the stock in need?
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What Equipment is needed?
You do not need any special Equipment OR material for First-Aid.
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What Equipment is needed?
You do not need any special equipment OR material for First-Aid.
First Aid kit does contain many useful
items such as bandages and dressings but a good first aider does not depend on.
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What Equipment is needed?
You do not need any special equipment OR material for First-Aid.
First Aid kit does contain many useful items such as bandages and dressings but a good first aider does not depend on.
You should use whatever you have readily available and improvise it necessary.
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In all incidents where there are several casualties, the most severely injured must always be treated first but remember, the noisy casualty may not be the most severely injured must always be treated first but remember, the noisy casualty may not be the most seriously injured.
Note:
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Priorities
A B C must be established within three minutes if the casualty is unconscious in order to prevent him/her from permanent injury.
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Priorities
Airway (the passage between the mouth, nose and throat) must be opened and kept open if the casualty is unconscious or choking
Breathing must be established and maintained
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PrioritiesAirway (the passage between the mouth,
nose and throat) must be opened and kept open if the casualty is unconscious or choking
Breathing must be established and maintained
Circulation of blood must be maintained.
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Visualize by Imagine the casualty seen!
How You Will Proceed?
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Visualize by Imagine the casualty seen!
How You Will Proceed? Answer : STEP-UP (3B+O), DR(AVPU)ABC
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Thank You for your
PATIENCE & LEARNING