SUNIL KUMAR

DESINGED BY

Sunil KumarResearch Scholar/ Food Production FacultyInstitute of Hotel and Tourism Management,MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAKHaryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499email:  skihm86@yahoo.com , balhara86@gmail.com  linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumarfacebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com 

The initial assistance or treatment The initial assistance or treatment given to a casualty for any injury given to a casualty for any injury or sudden illness before arrival or sudden illness before arrival of an ambulance, doctor, or any of an ambulance, doctor, or any qualified person is called as qualified person is called as FIRST AID.FIRST AID.

The casualty is likely The casualty is likely

to be in the need of to be in the need of

secondary aid.secondary aid.

SUNIL KUMAR

Principles of First AidPrinciples of First Aid☼ Act calmly and logically.Act calmly and logically.☼ Be in control – both of himself or herself Be in control – both of himself or herself

and the problem.and the problem.☼ Be gentle but firm, speak to the casualty Be gentle but firm, speak to the casualty

kindly but purposefully.kindly but purposefully.☼ Build up trust through talking to the Build up trust through talking to the

casualty throughout the examination and casualty throughout the examination and treatment.treatment.

☼ Avoid giving any misleading information.Avoid giving any misleading information.☼ Never leave the casualty alone and Never leave the casualty alone and

continue to talk to him/her until the continue to talk to him/her until the ambulance or doctor arrives.ambulance or doctor arrives.

☼ Continuously reassure the casualty.Continuously reassure the casualty.

SUNIL KUMAR

Principles of First Aid Principles of First Aid ( Cont.)( Cont.)

☼ Send the casualty Send the casualty to a hospital or to a hospital or doctor by the doctor by the quickest means of quickest means of transport.transport.

☼ Always inform the Always inform the police about police about serious accidentsserious accidents

☼ Inform relatives of Inform relatives of the casualty.the casualty.

SUNIL KUMAR

JOB OF A FIRST AIDER….JOB OF A FIRST AIDER…. Always avoid Always avoid

endangering endangering yourselfyourself

Ensure that victim Ensure that victim is safe from dangeris safe from danger

Check the victim’s Check the victim’s condition and asses condition and asses his or her injurieshis or her injuries

Take immediate Take immediate remedial action if remedial action if necessary.necessary.

SUNIL KUMAR

DO NOT……DO NOT……

Allow crowd to form around the casualty.Allow crowd to form around the casualty. Do too much, remember that doctor will Do too much, remember that doctor will

be coming.be coming. Put any unclean dressing or cloth over the Put any unclean dressing or cloth over the

casualty.casualty. Touch a wound with your fingers.Touch a wound with your fingers. Move a patient unnecessarily.Move a patient unnecessarily. Risk burning a patient by using unwrapped Risk burning a patient by using unwrapped

hot water or other heated object.hot water or other heated object. Remove his clothing unnecessarily.Remove his clothing unnecessarily. Attempt a precise diagnosis.Attempt a precise diagnosis. Forget to send for a physician.Forget to send for a physician.

SUNIL KUMAR

COMMON COMMON SITUATIONSSITUATIONS

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BURNS For minor burns:For minor burns:Hold the injury under cold running water for five minutes . It Hold the injury under cold running water for five minutes . It

needs no further treatment. It should simply be left exposed to needs no further treatment. It should simply be left exposed to air. Don't apply any oil or ointment. Don't prick or remove air. Don't apply any oil or ointment. Don't prick or remove blisters.blisters.

For large and deep burns:For large and deep burns:Needs medical attention. Relieve pain by immersing the area in Needs medical attention. Relieve pain by immersing the area in

cold water or applying cold wet cloths.cold water or applying cold wet cloths.

Wrap or cover injury with clean cloth and light Wrap or cover injury with clean cloth and light

bandage. Treat the victim for shock while waitingbandage. Treat the victim for shock while waiting

for medical help.for medical help.

SUNIL KUMAR

CUTS OR ABRASIONSCUTS OR ABRASIONSThese may be caused in many ways and if not treatedThese may be caused in many ways and if not treated properly may sometimes get infected.properly may sometimes get infected.

The wound should be cleaned with warm The wound should be cleaned with warm water and antiseptic solution and then water and antiseptic solution and then covered with a clean dressing..covered with a clean dressing..

In case of In case of bleeding bleeding pressure should be pressure should be applied on the wound if it is free of foreign applied on the wound if it is free of foreign particles.particles.

For deep cuts and excessive bleeding For deep cuts and excessive bleeding the person should be taken immediately the person should be taken immediately hospital.hospital.

SUNIL KUMAR

For Controlling Bleeding:For Controlling Bleeding: Apply direct pressure to the wound, using fingers Apply direct pressure to the wound, using fingers

or hand.or hand. If the wound is large, press the edges together, If the wound is large, press the edges together,

gently, firmly maintaining pressure.gently, firmly maintaining pressure. Consider what you can use as a pad to control the Consider what you can use as a pad to control the

bleeding more effectively, a clean folded bleeding more effectively, a clean folded handkerchief is ideal.handkerchief is ideal.

If bleeding is from limb, elevate it.If bleeding is from limb, elevate it. If direct pressure seems to control bleeding, put a If direct pressure seems to control bleeding, put a

sterile or clean dressing on the wound.sterile or clean dressing on the wound. Bandage should be firm enough to prevent Bandage should be firm enough to prevent

bleeding but not so tight to cut off circulation.bleeding but not so tight to cut off circulation.

SUNIL KUMAR

MINOR WOUNDSMINOR WOUNDS Wash the wound and the surrounding skin thoroughly Wash the wound and the surrounding skin thoroughly

with soap and water.with soap and water. Remove any foreign material and dirt from the wound. Remove any foreign material and dirt from the wound. Wash your hands, shake them dry.Wash your hands, shake them dry. Swab the skin around the wound with antiseptic solution.Swab the skin around the wound with antiseptic solution. Apply a sterile dressing or band aid type bandage.Apply a sterile dressing or band aid type bandage. Leave the dressing in place until the wound has healedLeave the dressing in place until the wound has healed..

SUNIL KUMAR

NOSE BLEEDINGNOSE BLEEDING

Make the victim sit down with his or her Make the victim sit down with his or her head over a sink or bowl.head over a sink or bowl.

Pinch the sides of nose together, apply a Pinch the sides of nose together, apply a cold pad to bridge of nose and wait.cold pad to bridge of nose and wait.

Instruct the victim to breathe through the Instruct the victim to breathe through the mouth and not to sniff.mouth and not to sniff.

If bleeding doesn’t stop If bleeding doesn’t stop

within 20 mins, take thewithin 20 mins, take the

person to the hospital person to the hospital

immediately.immediately.

SUNIL KUMAR

ACHES & PAINSACHES & PAINS

BACKACHEBACKACHE Apply local heat to the back from a hot water bottle or heat Apply local heat to the back from a hot water bottle or heat

lamp.lamp. Use of pain relieving drugs, as aspirin, ibuprofen, for short Use of pain relieving drugs, as aspirin, ibuprofen, for short

periods.periods.

HeadacheHeadache The victim should relax.The victim should relax. Use pain relievers.Use pain relievers. Apply a cold compress or coveredApply a cold compress or covered

hot bottles to the forehead.hot bottles to the forehead.

SUNIL KUMAR

ACHES & PAINS (Cont.)ACHES & PAINS (Cont.)

EAR ACHEEAR ACHE Self help is limited to giving pain relieving drugs.Self help is limited to giving pain relieving drugs. Check the victim’s temperature and consult a doctor if a fever Check the victim’s temperature and consult a doctor if a fever

is developing.is developing.

TOOTHACHETOOTHACHE The affected tooth can be dabbed with The affected tooth can be dabbed with

clove oil.clove oil. Pain relievers can be taken.Pain relievers can be taken. Hot water bottle against the painful sideHot water bottle against the painful side

the face.the face.

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FRACTURESFRACTURESGENERAL PRINCIPLES:GENERAL PRINCIPLES: Avoid unnecessary movements at the fracture site. With leg fractures, only move the victim if he or she

is in dangerous situation. A person with arm, hand or collar fracture may be

made comfortable by applying padding and support sling.

Always pad the fracture site and

avoid undue pressure. Use of excellent splints is important.

SUNIL KUMAR

MUSCLE INJURIESMUSCLE INJURIES

Sit or lay the injured person Sit or lay the injured person down. down.

Put the injured part in the Put the injured part in the most comfortable position.most comfortable position.

Apply a cold ice pack.Apply a cold ice pack. Bandage it in place and Bandage it in place and

leave for half hour which leave for half hour which will limit internal bleeding.will limit internal bleeding.

Firmly compress the injured Firmly compress the injured part with thick cotton wool part with thick cotton wool bound on with the bandage.bound on with the bandage.

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BANDAGES & BANDAGES & DRESSINGSDRESSINGS

Adhesive BandageAdhesive Bandage Adhesive Fabric tapeAdhesive Fabric tape Field DressingField Dressing Gauge DressingGauge Dressing Roller BandageRoller Bandage Triangular bandageTriangular bandage SlingsSlings

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FIRST AID BOXFIRST AID BOXo First aid bookFirst aid booko Antiseptic creamAntiseptic creamo Savlon or DettolSavlon or Dettolo Antihistamine Antihistamine

lotionlotiono Calamine lotionCalamine lotiono Antacid TabletsAntacid Tabletso Anti- diarrhoel Anti- diarrhoel

TabletsTabletso ParacetamolParacetamol

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CONTENTS cont….CONTENTS cont….o AsprinAsprino Kaolin ClayKaolin Clayo Chloromycetin eye Chloromycetin eye

ointmentointmento Travel sickness Travel sickness

tablettableto Oil of ClovesOil of Cloveso Clinical Clinical

ThermometerThermometero Sterilized dressing Sterilized dressing

for fingers, hands, for fingers, hands, feet etc.feet etc.

o Sterilized Sterilized cottonwoolcottonwool SUNIL KUMAR

o Absorbent GaugeAbsorbent Gaugeo Crepe bandageCrepe bandageo Eye padEye pado Band-aidsBand-aidso Roller bandagesRoller bandageso Triangular Triangular

Bandages Bandages (unbleached)(unbleached)

o TweezersTweezerso Dressing ScissorsDressing Scissorso Safety pinsSafety pinso Pad & PencilPad & Pencil

CONTENTS cont….CONTENTS cont….

SUNIL KUMAR

SUNIL KUMAR

DESINGED BY

Sunil KumarResearch Scholar/ Food Production FacultyInstitute of Hotel and Tourism Management,MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAKHaryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499email:  skihm86@yahoo.com , balhara86@gmail.com  linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumarfacebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com