“ABCDE” OF FIRST AIDA. AIRWAY

B. BREATHING

C. CIRCULATION

D. DISABILITY LIMITATION

E. EVACUATION

FIRST AID DONT’SDONT:

TOUCH A WOUND WITH A FINGER OR INSTRUMENT.

ALLOW TO GO ANY BLEEDING UNCHECKED

MOVE A PATIENT UNNECESSARY

ALLOW A PATIENT WITH FRACTURE/SUSPECTED FRACTURE TO BE MOVED UNTIL SPLINTS HAVE BEEN APPLIED.

NEGLECT SHOCK

BURN A PATIENT WITH AN UNWRAPPED HOT WATER BOTTLE OR OTHER HEATED OBJECTS

FIRST AID DONT’S

FAIL TO GIVE ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION WHEN NEEDED.

FAIL TO REMOVE ARTIFICIAL TEETH,TOBACCO OTHER EATABLES FROM THE MOUTH OF AN UNCONSCIOUS PATIENT.

WASH WOUNDS

FIRST AID DONT’S

REDUCE DISLOCATIONS EXCEPT OF THE FINGER & LOWER JAWS.

PUT A QUID OF TOBACCO ON THE WOUND

LEAVE A TORNIQUET ON OVER 20 MINUTES WITHOUT LOOSENING.

ATTEMPT TOO MUCHFORGET TO SEND FOR A PHYSICIAN.

HEART ATTACK PATIENT PRESENTS WITH:

UNCOMFORTABLE CHEST PAIN, CHEST FULLNESS,SQUEEZING CHEST PAIN,PALPITATION DISCOMFORT IN THE CENTRE OF THE CHEST

LASTING FOR MORE THAN 2 MIN. COLD SWEATING,NAUSEA,SHORTNESS OF

BREATH,DIZZINESS FEELING OF XTREME WEAKNESS/DREAD EXERTIONAL PRECIPITATION OF ANY OF ABOVE.

HEART ATTACK

WHAT YOU OBSERVE: UNCONSCIOUSNESS. MOIST,COOL & BLUISH SKIN ABSENT PULSE LACK OF BREATHING DILATED PUPILS

HEART ATTACK

DANGERS OF CHEST PAIN(RESTRICTED BLOOD FLOW TO HEART):

OCCURS BEFORE THE ACTUAL HEART ATTACK.

MAY HAPPEN DAYS,WEEKS OR EVEN MONTHS BEFORE THE HEART ATTACK.

MAY BE MILD & EASY TO IGNORE.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH INDIGESTION.

MAY BE EASILY CONFUSED WITH SORE MUSCLES.

RISK FACTORS FOR A HEART ATTACK:

AGE

SMOKING

DIABETES

MALE GENDER

HIGH CHOLESTROL LEVEL

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

HEART ATTACK & C.P.R.

STEP 1: CHECK FOR SIGNS OF CARDIAC ARREST, UNCONCIOUSNESS & ABSENT PULSE.

STEP 2:CALL FOR MEDICAL HELP OR ASK A BYSTANDER TO DO SO.

HEART ATTACK & C.P.R

STEP 3:IF YOU SUSPECT CARDIAC ARREST,PLACE THE VICTIM IN POSITION FOR CPR BY ROLLING HIM ONTO HIS BACK.

STEP 4:OPEN THE AIRWAY BY EXTENDING & LIFTING THE NECK.TILT CHIN UPWARDS.

HEART ATTACK & C.P.R.

STEP 5:CHECK FOR BREATHING SIGNS,CHEST MOVEMENTS. CLEAR FOREIGN OBJECTS FROM THE MOUTH.

STEP 6:IF VICTIM IS NOT BREATHING BEGIN RESCUE BREATHING IMMEDIATELY:PINCH THE NOSE OF VICTIM & BREATHE RAPIDLY INTO HIS MOUTH 4 TIMES. NOW FEEL FOR PULSE & CHEST MOVEMENTS.

HEART ATTACK & C.P.R.

STEP 7: IF CHEST RISES & PULSE IS PRESENT,CONTINUE RESCUE BREATING. IF CHEST DOES NOT RISE & PULSE IS ABSENT,BEGIN CHEST COMPRESSIONS.

STEP 8:KNEEL BESIDE THE VICTIM.FIND THE LOWER TIP OF BREAST BONE.2 FINGER-BREDTH ABOVE THIS POINT,PLACETHE HEEL OF ONE HAND,WITH THE OTHER HAND ON THE TOP.

HEART ATTACK & C.P.R.

STEP 9: WITH YOUR BODY DIRECTLY ABOVE THE VICTIM’S,THURST FORCEFULLY & RHYTHMICALLY 15 TIMES,@ONE THURST PER SECOND.THURST HARD ENOUGH TO DEPRESS THE BREASTBONE BY 1 ½ INCHES.

STEP 10:BETWEEN EACH DOWNSTROKE,RELEASE,LIFTING HANDS UPWARDS WHILE STILL KEEPING THE HEEL OF THE HAND IN CONTACT WITH THE CHEST.

HEART ATTACK & C.P.R.

STEP 11: LEAN OVER QUICKLY,OPEN THE AIRWAY & TAKE A DEEP BREATHE.PINCH THE VICTIM’S NOSE, THEN QUICKLY BREATHE TWICW INTO HIS MOUTH.

STEP 12: REPEAT THIS CYCLE IE i.e.15 CHEST THUMPS FOLLOWED BY2 BREATHS, UNTIL MEDICAL HELP ARRIVES OR THE VICTIM REGAINS THE PULSE.

CHEMICAL SPLASH INTO THE EYES

FLUSH EYES WITH WATER IMMEDIATELY.IT WILL DILUTE THE CHEMICAL.USE ANY SOURCE OF WATER BEFORE U FIND STERILE WATER.

CONTINUE TO FLASH THE EYES FOR AT LEAST 20 MINUTES.

READ THE CHEMICAL’S POISON & ANTIDOTE MENTIONED ON THE SLIP.

SEEK EMERGENCY MEDICAL ASSISTANCE IF PAIN,BURNING ,FB SENSATION OR BLURRED VISION PERSIST.

HUMAN BITE

HUMAN BITE IS MORE DANGEROUS THAN ANY ANIMAL B’S OF PRESENCE OF VIRUSES & BACTERIA IN THE MOUTH.IF SKIN IS BROKEN: STOP BLEEDINDG BY APPLYING PRESSURE. WASH THE WOUND THOROUGHLY WITH SOAP &

WATER. APPLY AN ANTIBIOTIC CREAM. APPLY A CLEAN BANDAGE. CONSULT A PHYSICIAN FOR MEDICATION.

PUNCTURE WOUND

STOP BLEEDING.CLEAN THE WOUND.APPLY ANTIBIOTIC OINTMENT.COVER THE WOUND.CHANGE THE DRESSING AT LEAST

DAILY.WATCH FOR THE SIGNS OF

INFECTION

FAINTING 1

THIS BRIEF SPELL IS A RESULT OF MOMENTARILY INADEQUATE BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE BRAIN.

IF YOU FEEL FAINT LIE DOWN OR SIT DOWN. PLACE YOUR HEAD BETWEEN YOUR LEGS. IF THIS RECURS ,CONSULT YOUR

PHYSICIAN

FAINTING 2

IF SOMEONE ELSE FAINTS: POSITION THE PERSON ON HIS BACK WITH LEGS

ELEVATED ABOVE THE HEART LEVEL. WATCH THE AIRWAY CAREFULLY. LISTEN FOR THE BREATHING SOUNDS ELSE

BEGIN WITH CPR & CALL FOR MEDICAL ASSISTANCE.

IF PERSON IS BREATHING LOOK FOR CONSCIOUSNESS BY GIVING SOME COMMANDS.

LOOSEN BELTS,COLLARS OR OTHER CONSTRICTIVE CLOTHINGS.

IF FAINTING IS A RESULT OF TRAUMA, GIVE APPROPRIATE FIRST AID AS A.B.C.D.E.

SNAKE BITECOMMON SYMPTOMS

BLOODY WOUND DISCHARGE.

FANG MARKS IN THE SKIN. SWELLING AT THE SITE OF

THE BITE. SEVERE LOCALIZED PAIN. BURNING. CONVULSIONS. FAINTING. NAUSEA & VOMITTING. DIARROEA.

DIZZINESS. WEAKNESS. BLURRED VISION. EXCESSIVE SWEATING. FEVER. INCREASED THIRST. LOSS OF MUSCLE CO-ORDINATION. NUMBNESS & TINGLING. RAPID PULSE.

SNAKE BITE

TREATMENT:a) WHILE U WAIT FOR MEDICAL

ASSISTANCE,WITHIN 30 MINUTES DO THE FOLLOWING: WASH THE AREA WITH SOAP & WATER. IMMOBILIZE THE BITTEN AREA & KEEP IT

LOWER THAN THE HEART. COVER THE AREA WITH A CLEAN ,COOL

COMPRESS OR A MOIST DRESSING TO MINIMIZESWELLING & DISCOMFORT.

SNAKE BITE

b) IF THE VICTIM IS UNABLE TO REACH MEDICAL CARE WITHIN 30 MINUTES:

A BANDAGE, 2-4 INCHES ABOVE THE BITE, TO HELP SLOW THE VENOM.

A SUCTION DEVICE CAN BE PLACED OVER THE BITE TO HELP DRAW VENOM OUT OF THE WOUND.

SNAKE BITE*PREVENTION*

LEAVE SNAKE ALONE. DONT TRY TO KILL WHEN YOU ENCOUNTER

A SNAKE. STAY OUT OF TALL GRASS. WEAR THICK LEATHER BOOTS WHILE YOU

ARE IN WOODS. DO NOT PICKUP ROCKS OR FIREWOOD

UNLESS U R OUT OF SNAKE’S STRIKING DISTANCE.

BE CAUTIOUS & ALERT WHEN CLIMBING ROCKS.