Firefighter III Ladders Lt. Rick Decorie. Objectives Identify the materials used in ladder...

Firefighter IIIFirefighter III

Ladders

Lt. Rick Decorie

Objectives Objectives

Identify the materials used in ladder construction

Identify the load capacities established by NFPA 1932 and NFPA 1914 for ground and aerial ladders

Identify the procedures for the annual service test of ground ladders

Materials Used in Ladder Materials Used in Ladder ConstructionConstructionA. Metal – heat treated aluminum alloyB. Wood

1. Beams – straight grained Douglas Fir2. Rungs - Hickory

C. Fiberglass1. Beams – fiberglass2. Rungs - metal

Load CapacitiesLoad Capacities

A. Load is the total weight on ladder including personnel and equipment

B. Maximum capacities1. Folding & pompier ladders – 300 pounds2. Single & roof ladders – 750 pounds3. Extension & pole ladders – 750 pounds4. Combination ladder – 750 pounds5. Aerial ladder – manufacturer’s specs

NFPA Standards NFPA Standards

1914: Standard for Testing Fire Department Aerial Devices

1932: Standard on Use, Maintenance and Service Testing of Fire Department Ground Ladders

Annual Service TestAnnual Service TestA. All ladders except folding

1. Horizontal bendinga. Rest ladder on supportsb. Test load centered over center of

ladderc. Add preload weights slowlyd. Allow load to sit one minute, then

remove

Annual Service TestAnnual Service Test

e. Measure and record distance from each side rail to ground

f. Apply the test load of 500 pounds (400 pounds pre-1984)g. Allow load to sit five minutes,

then removeh. Metal & fiberglass ladders

should be measured after load has been removed


i. Difference should not be greater than:

1) 25 feet or less - .5 inch2) 26 to 34 feet – 1 inch3) 35 feet and up – 1.5 inches

j. Wooden ladders should not show any signs of failure

Annual Service TestAnnual Service Test2. Roof ladder hook test

a. Hang ladder over edge of a wall so it is hanging by its hooksb. Secure the top of the ladder to wallc. Using correct size webbing, suspend test weight of 1,000 pounds from

ladder for one minuted. Remove test weights and inspect

hooks for damage


3. Extension ladder hardware testa. Position ladder against a wall at

75.5 degree angle with at least one rung extendedb. Using correct size webbing,

suspend test weight of 1,000 pounds from ladder for one minute

c. Remove test weights and inspect the ladder hardware for damage


B. Strength test for folding ladders

1. Rest ladder on supports

2. Test load centered over center of ladder

3. Add preload weights slowly


4. Allow load to sit for one minute, then remove

5. Measure & record distance from each side rail to ground

6. Apply test load of 225 pounds


7. Allow load to sit five minutes and then remove

8. Metal & fiberglass ladders should be measured after load has been removed

9. Wooden ladders should not show any signs of failure

SummarySummary

Learned the materials used in ladder construction

Learned the load capacities as established by NFPA for ground and aerial ladders

Learned the procedures for the annual service test of ground ladders

Where to Get More InformationWhere to Get More Information

FDIC, Fire Service Institute

Duo-Safety Ladder Corporation www.duosafety.com

Alco-Lite Aluminum Ladder Company www.fireladder.com

http://www.duosafety.com/

http://www.fireladder.com/

Dome Dome (Auditorium) (Auditorium)

RaiseRaise


Demonstrate the Dome/auditorium raise

Dome (Auditorium) RaiseDome (Auditorium) Raise

A. Ladder is flat on floor (fly up and slightly extended)

B. Extend ropes from tip of each beamC. Pass loop in rope over top of beam, down

around rungs around beam to outsideD. Pass loop over tip of the beamE. Repeat steps C & D for other beam


F. Four firefighters are positioned near end of each guy line

G. Pass rope around behind the body at the rump

H. Raise ladder vertical by normal meansI. The fly is extended to the desired heightJ. When desired height is reached, dogs are

locked in


K. Tension is maintained by the firefighters on the guy lines

From the collection of the Aurora Regional Fire Museum

Hotel (Factory) Hotel (Factory) RaiseRaise


Demonstrate the Hotel/factory raise

Hotel (Factory) RaiseHotel (Factory) Raise

A. Place ladder on ground at right angle to building

B. Extend the fly one rung and attach guy rope to each beam

C. Pole ladder is raised using a four person raiseD. As ladder comes to vertical, firefighters on guy

ropes stabilize the ladderE. Firefighters on stay poles remain at 90 degrees

to building

Hotel (Factory) RaiseHotel (Factory) Raise

F. The ladder is lowered against the building

G. Firefighters on the stay poles hold the ladder against the building while firefighters on the guy ropes prevent lateral movement

Obstructed Obstructed RaisesRaises


Demonstrate Obstructed raises

Two-Firefighter Single Ladder Two-Firefighter Single Ladder Obstructed RaiseObstructed RaiseA. Firefighter #1

1. Assists placing ladder on ground 90 degrees to the building2. Kneels beside the tip facing the building3. Lifts ladder and pivots underneath it4. When pivot is complete the arms are fully extended5. Remains stationary and passes beams upward as ladder is advanced

Two-Firefighter Single Ladder Two-Firefighter Single Ladder Obstructed RaiseObstructed RaiseB. Firefighter #2

1. Assists placing ladder on ground 90 degrees to the building2. Heels the ladder3. After ladder is raised shifts to one side and crouches to grasp the second rung from butt end4. Pulls butt end along ground while walking towards building

Two-Firefighter Single Ladder Two-Firefighter Single Ladder Obstructed RaiseObstructed Raise

5. Maintains downward pressure on the butt to keep it from kicking up

6. Stops pushing when proper climbing angle is reached

Three-Firefighter Single Ladder Three-Firefighter Single Ladder Obstructed RaiseObstructed RaiseA. Firefighters #1 & #2

1. Assists placing ladder on ground 90 degrees to the building2. Kneels beside the tip facing the building3. Lifts ladder and pivots underneath it, each grabbing a beam with both hands4. When pivot is complete their arms are fully extended5. Remains stationary and passes beams upward as ladder is advanced

Three-Firefighter Single Ladder Three-Firefighter Single Ladder Obstructed RaiseObstructed RaiseB. Firefighter #3

1. Assists placing ladder on ground 90 degrees to the building2. Heels the ladder3. After ladder is raised shifts to one side and crouches to grasp the second rung from butt end4. Pulls butt end along ground while walking towards building

Three-Firefighter Single Ladder Three-Firefighter Single Ladder Obstructed RaiseObstructed Raise

5. Maintains downward pressure on the butt to keep it from kicking up

6. Stops pushing when proper climbing angle is reached

Alternate Three-Firefighter Single Alternate Three-Firefighter Single Ladder RaiseLadder RaiseA. Firefighters #1 & #2

1. Assists placing ladder on ground 90 degrees to the building2. Stands beside each beam several rungs from the butt and facing it3. Both kneel and grasp the same rung

Alternate Three-Firefighter Single Alternate Three-Firefighter Single Ladder RaiseLadder Raise

4. They stand lifting the ladder and pivoting underneath the beam and place them on their shoulders with their free hands on the beams5. As the firefighter at the heel pulls downward they allow their hands and shoulders to act as a fulcrum6. When butt is waist high they step forward


7. When the butt is proper distance from the building they stop

8. They place the tip against the building

Alternate Three-Firefighter Single Alternate Three-Firefighter Single Ladder RaiseLadder RaiseB. Firefighter #3

1. Assists placing ladder on ground 90 degrees to the building2. Stands facing the butt end3. As the ladder raises, reaches up and grasps the butt end pulling it down4. When butt end is waist high steps forward


5. Continues to push down on the butt as the ladder approaches the building

6. When the butt reaches the proper distance stops and places the butt on the ground

Ladder as a Ladder as a HingeHinge


Demonstrate the following special use of ground ladders: Hinge for lowering victims

Ladder as a Hinge for Lowering Ladder as a Hinge for Lowering VictimsVictimsA. Firefighter #1 (ground)

1. Position ladder at correct climbing angle2. Move butt of the ladder inward against the wall3. Begin walking the ladder down hand over hand on the rungs

Ladder as a Hinge for Lowering Ladder as a Hinge for Lowering VictimsVictims

4. When the tip of the ladder is reached the top rung is grasped and tip lowered to the ground

5. The stokes basket is then untied

Ladder as a Hinge for Lowering Ladder as a Hinge for Lowering VictimsVictimsB. Firefighter #2

(anchor)1. Assist in securing victim in stokes basket2. While two firefighters balance the stokes, the foot of the stokes is lashed to the top rung of the ladder


3. Attach a life line to the head of the stokes

4. Take the working end of the rope and assume an anchoring stance

Ladder as a Hinge for Lowering Ladder as a Hinge for Lowering VictimsVictimsC. Firefighters #3 & #4 (assistants)

1. Assists in securing victim in stokes basket

2. Balance the stokes while the foot is lashed and life line attached


3. Move the stokes over the edge of the roof with the anchoring firefighter feeding rope4. Once rope clears building assist on the anchor rope until stokes is on the ground

Bridging Bridging OperationsOperations


Demonstrate the following special use of ground ladders: Bridging operations

Bridging Using the Three-Bridging Using the Three-Firefighter Shoulder Carry MethodFirefighter Shoulder Carry MethodA. Firefighters #1 & #2

1. Assist in placing the ladder on a flat surface2. Assume a position six rungs from the butt one on each side3. Kneel and grasp the rung with palms forward

Bridging Using the Three-Bridging Using the Three-Firefighter Shoulder Carry MethodFirefighter Shoulder Carry Method

4. Pick up the ladder together

5. Pivot under the ladder placing the beams on shoulder

6. Move forward to extend the ladder over the open space

Bridging Using the Three-Bridging Using the Three-Firefighter Shoulder Carry MethodFirefighter Shoulder Carry MethodB. Firefighter #3

1. Assume a position at the butt and grasp the bottom rung2. Pick up the ladder together3. Move forward to extend the ladder over the open space

Making a Water Making a Water ChuteChute


Demonstrate salvage and overhaul operations

Making a Water Chute with a Tarp Making a Water Chute with a Tarp and a Ladderand a LadderA. Roll the edges of a salvage cover until

the cover will lay between the beams of the ladder

B. Place the salvage cover on the ladder with the rolls under the cover unless the ladder has high beams

C. Position the ladder where needed

Making a Catch Making a Catch BasinBasin


Demonstrate the special use of fire department ground ladders: Pumping operations

Making a Catch BasinMaking a Catch Basin

A. Place two ladders on their beamsB. Lash the tips togetherC. Place a pike pole across the heels of the

ladderD. Spread the heels of the ladders apart to

form a triangleE. Lash the pike pole to the heel of the

ladders

Making a Catch BasinMaking a Catch Basin

F. Place a salvage cover inside the triangle formed with the ladders and pike pole

Cleaning Cleaning Ground LaddersGround Ladders


Demonstrate the procedure for cleaning ladders

Cleaning Ground LaddersCleaning Ground Ladders

A. Remove dirt with a brush and running water

B. Use solvent cleaners to remove any oily or greasy residues according to manufacturer’s recommendations

C. Rinse the ladderD. Wipe it dryE. Note any defects

Cleaning Ground LaddersCleaning Ground Ladders

Inspection and Inspection and MaintenanceMaintenance


Demonstrate inspection and maintenance procedures for different types of ground and aerial ladders

Inspection and MaintenanceInspection and Maintenance

A. Metal1. Starting at one end of the ladder check the rungs for tightness2. Check the bolts, rivets or welds around the rungs for looseness3. Check the beams, trusses and truss blocks for evidence of compression failure


4. Check the heat indicator label for color change

5. Check the ladder hardware for signs of damage6. For extension ladders, check halyard


7. Check all braces, slides, stops, and rivets for damage8. Check and lubricate all locks, pulleys, and other movable parts9. Legibly mark any defects found


B. Wood1. Starting at one end of the ladder check the rungs for tightness2. Check the rungs at the point they come in contact with the locks for any damage3. Check the beams and trusses for compression failure and/or cracks and splinters


4. Check for signs of dry rot or attack from fungus5. Check for any areas where the varnish has been worn or scratched, and apply varnish6. Check the ladder hardware for signs of damage


7. For extension ladders, check halyard8. Check all braces, slides, and stops for damage9. Check and lubricate all locks, pulleys and other movable parts10. Legibly mark any defects found


C. Fiberglass1. Starting at one end of the ladder check the rungs for tightness2. Check the beams, trusses and truss blocks for evidence of cracks, chips or other flaws3. Check the heat indicator label for color change


4. Check the ladder hardware for signs of damage5. For extension ladders, check halyard6. Check all braces, slides, stops, and rivets for damage


7. Check and lubricate al locks, pulleys and other movable parts

8. Legibly mark any defects found

Other InformationOther Information

Sample Ladder Inspection Log

““Let’s do ladders!”Let’s do ladders!”

Firefighter III Ladders Lt. Rick Decorie. Objectives Identify the materials used in ladder...

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