Fire Retardant Development by Improved Technology for Cotton High Protection - Ana Marija Grancaric...

8/19/2019 Fire Retardant Development by Improved Technology for Cotton High Protection - Ana Marija Grancaric - Barcelona 1-3 Feb 2016.ppt

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/fire-retardant-development-by-improved-technology-for-cotton-high-protection 1/49

COST MP1105 Training School on“Strategies to study fire behaviours and fire retardant mechanisms”

niversitat Polit!cnica de Catalunya" #arcelona

1st$%rd &ebruary '01(" #arcelona" S)ain

*na Mari+a ,-*.C*-/C

University of Zagreb, Faculty of Textile Technology,

Zagreb, Croatia

&ire -etardant evelo)ment by /m)roved

Technology for Cotton igh Protection






.e2 2or3 item in /SO $ Te4tiles $ etermination of thebannedrestricted flame retardants6

* ne2 2or3 item is to be started 2ithin /SO to

determine bannedrestricted flame retardants6 Thevoting" 2hich closed in &ebruary '01' found thatthere 2as a need for this standard and has been )utfor2ard on a t2o year )rogramme6 * 2or3ing draft789 of the standard has been )roduced and asre:uired five )artici)ating countries 2ill no2 ta3ethis standard for2ard6

SDC News

/.T-OCT/O.






Traditional flame retardants;

• Huge quantity (30-50%)

• Toxic (halogens etc.)• Good efficiency

• Good wash fastness

/.T-OCT/O.






5

The )yrolysis mechanism; eat su))ly

Transition

egradation

ecom)osition

/gnition

Combustion

/.T-OCT/O.






condensed

)hase

,as )hase

Pyrolysis

Melting

PO=>M?-

COM#ST/O. -?*CT/O.S

T?-M*= ?COMPOS/T/O.

,ases )roduced

by decom)osition

-adiation from the flame

heat conductionMeso)hase

@O'

- -A @ A

-A @ O' -OOA

-OOA @ - -OO @ -

-OO -OA @ OA

/.T-OCT/O.






Chemical influence)arameters

Chemical com)osition Bind and

characteristics of thedecom)osition)roducts

*dditives Mi4tures of several

organic )olymers

*mbient factors

Tem)erature

O4ygen concentration

eat su))ly $ 3ind of

heat source

umidity

/.T-OCT/O.






&lame retardants are chemicals 2hich a))lied to the fabric

for inhibition or su))ression the combustion )rocess6

#y addition of a flame retardant agent in the s)inning )rocess

of the fiber

#y after$treatment of the te4tile 2ith flame retardant agents;

finishing or coating

/.T-OCT/O.






#y introduction of a flame retardant co$monomer during

the co$)olymerisation

#y use of inherently flame retardant fibers; Bevlar"

.ome4 and etc6

#y itself cotton is readily ignited and burns ra)idly6

Therefore it is very im)ortant to treat cotton 2ith flame

retardants6

/.T-OCT/O.






?D?=OP/., SC?.*-/O

-?* @7.E9'POE

-?* @7.E9'POE @ 8,

-?* @7.E9'POE @ 8, @ F

=O/ %0 E'

=O/ %5 EG

=O/ %G E0 HEG

/.T-OCT/O.

.OM?I J =O/ from 'G to %'






Degradation of

cellulose






One of the 2ell 3no2n conventional flame retardants is

urea" 2hich sho2s synergistic effect 2ith ammonium

hydrogen )hos)hate

Cellulose 7.E9'POE rea rea$ammonium hydrogen )hos)hate bonded to cellulose

/.T-OCT/O.






• Sodium silicate is the common name for a sodium metasilicate".a'SiO%" also 3no2n as 2ater glass or li:uid glass6

• .a'CO% @ ISiO' K 7.a'O9A7SiO'9I @ CO'

• &or this )ur)ose" untreated cotton fabric 2as treated 2ithsodium silicate 72ater glass9 2ithout orand 2ith addition toconventional flame retardants L urea and ammonium hydrogen)hos)hate to reduce high concentration of this conventionalflame retardant

/.T-OCT/O.






• 8aterglass as silicon com)ounds have good

heat$resistant )ro)erty and )roduce highresidue after burning )rocess

• /n order to reduce the use of conventional

com)ounds it is usefull 2aterglass to )rotectcotton from burning and having contribution tothe environmental effects of fire retardance6

•Third ste) is using eolite as carrier of startingcom)unds from the bath to cotton surface6

/.T-OCT/O.






.*T-*= F?O=/T?

Clino)tilolite has a cage$li3e structure consisting of high

)ortion of SiO' 7(0$(G <96

Material name .atural Feolite

Chemical name ydrated aluminosilicate from al3alis and earth al3alis

Chemical ty)e Molecular sieve

?m)irical formula 7Ca" B'" .a'" Mg9E *lN SiE0 O( 4 'E 'O

*dsor)tion ca)acity

*mmonia .%"

ydrocarbons C1 to C(

Carbon dio4ide CO'

ydrogen sul)hide 'S

Sul)hur dio4ide SO'" nitrogen o4ides .OI" aldehydes

Total e4changeca)acity

Cations L 7Ca'@" B@" .a@" Mg'@9

71"'$1"5 mol 3g9

/.T-OCT/O.






.on$to4ic

u!o"ean a""!o#al as a food additi#e in

acco!dance with $& 53 ''0

.. a""!o#al* +ode of ,ede!al egulations

,ood and $!ugs (,$/) 1 +, +H. 21u4"a!t +

F?O=/T? 7C=/.OPT/=O=/T?9

/.T-OCT/O.






Clino)tilolite has a cage$li3e structure consistingClino)tilolite has a cage$li3e structure consisting

of high )ortion of SiOof high )ortion of SiO'' 7(0$(G <967(0$(G <96

F?O=/T? 7C=/.OPT/=O=/T?9

/.T-OCT/O.






u4stance e!centagei6 750 8 '13 %

/l63 115 8 131 %

+a6 ' 8 5 %

96 8 3: %

,e63 0' 8 1;%

<g6 07 8 1 %

&a6 0 8 13 %

Ti6 01 8 03 %

i=/l 8 !atio : 8 5:

F?O=/T? 7C=/.OPT/=O=/T?9

/.T-OCT/O.






Tribomechanical activation/.T-OCT/O.







5< )article sie;

%0$E0 m






Stages of micronising

16 Particlesare accelerated

'6 Particles collide%6 Particles rebound $

surface friction

E6 ynamics cause

)ulverising

56 ynamic )rocess

continues

(6 Crystal structure

fragments







VI!"#activation of mineral LD * M

D*M technology&ew const!ucted #i4!o->achine

/""lied in the field of g!inding (c!ushing) su4stances.

G!inding ta?es "lace unde! s"ecially dyna>ic conditions

This "!ocedu!e leads to significant changes

• The "a!ticle si@e

• Thei! ene!gy status

• nc!ease thei! !eaction ca"a4ilities (acti#ation

/.T-OCT/O.






• * ne2 D*M technology )roduce eolite 2ith the

smallest )articles in the 2orld that• 2or3s on cellular level 7that can enter the cell and

clean it from all residues96• Product is com)letely natural and 100< ?CO

friendly

D*M technology activates eolite on E levels;• thermic activation• microniation

• vibro$activation and• electro$activation

.o other technology can do this

D*M technology

/.T-OCT/O.






#etter ion e4change and im)roves bio efficacy

all )articles are under 10Qm in diameter

/t gives the )ro)erties than none of the other

)roducts have

Feolite are used for;•*nimal feed•Plants gro2th enhancing•Te4tile industry

•&ood su))lements•#ody care )roducts" etc6

D*M technology

/.T-OCT/O.






• Ai4!o->achine gi#es to @eolites a co>"letely

new #iew of technological "!ocesses in following

indust!y-"!ocess a!eas*

• Construction industry

• &ood industry

• Pharmaceuticals

/.T-OCT/O.

• -ecycling of industrial

2aste• ?nergy savings at a sinter

)rocess






is non-toxic

has neithe! che>ical o! "ha!>acological effects

has only a 4io"hysical effect

This 4io"hysical effect is used to !egulateg!owth cell di#ision and diffe!entiation ("!otection

and !e"ai! >echanis>s)

is used in agicultu!al indust!ial and >edical"u!"oses

?&&?CTS O& *CT/D*T? F?O=/T?

/.T-OCT/O.






!egulates the "H #alues of hu>an tissue (counte!actinghy"e!acidity)

is a !e>a!?a4le "!e4iotic (4acte!ial acti#ity in the intestine)

influences cellula! >eta4olis> and th!ough >itochond!ialacti#ity also influences cell #itality

is the 4est "ossi4le antioxidant. t neut!alises and ca"tu!esf!ee !adicals.

is also an en@y>atic antioxidant (high silicon !atio)

*CT/D*T? .*T-*=

F?O=/T? &O- T?-*P>

/.T-OCT/O.






detoxifies ou! 4odies

*CT/D*T? .*T-*= F?O=/T? &O- T?-*P>

/.T-OCT/O.






"ossesses a high ionexchange ca"acity("otassiu> sodiu>>agnesiu> and calciu>exchange)

adso!4s and a4so!4sa>>onia in the ente!onand colon

a4so!4s hea#y >etals(including lead a!seniccad>iu>)

*CT/D*T? .*T-*=

F?O=/T? &O- T?-*P>

/.T-OCT/O.

O C O






*CT/D*T? .*T-*=

F?O=/T? &O- T?-*P>

/.T-OCT/O.

?IP?-/M?.T*=






MATERIALS

•Twill weave chemical bleachingcotton fabrics•mass per surface area: !" g#m

$otton fabrics were treatedb% using pad&dr% procedure in'en( )ad&dr% s%stem in di*erentpadding baths+ Ever% sample wasdried at ,,! -$. min and some

of samples were curried at ,/!-$. for / min+

?IP?-/M?.T*=

?IP?-/M?.T*=






Table 1; =abels" treatments and )rocedures

?IP?-/M?.T*=

=abel Treatments

ntreated ntreated chemically bleached cotton fabric

*)%'E0 gl urea and 115 gl ammonium hydrogen )hos)hate 7fullconcentartion9

*)%R501'0 gl urea and 5G65 gl ammonium hydrogen )hos)hate 7halfconcentartion9

*)%R8,10 *)% 2ith added 10 gl 2aterglass

*)%R8,10RF5 *)% 2ith added 10 gl 2aterglass and 5gl eolite

*)%R8,10RF10 *)% 2ith added 10 gl 2aterglass and 10gl eolite

*)%R50R8,10 *)%R50 2ith added 10 gl 2aterglass

*)%R50R8,10RF5 *)%R50 2ith added 10 gl 2aterglass and 5gl eolite

*)%R50R8,10RF10 *)%R50 2ith added 10 gl 2aterglass and 10gl eolite

?IP?-/M?.T*=






/SO E5N$';1(

Plastics $ etermination of

burning behavior by o4ygen

inde4

=O/ Chamber 7ynisco9

M?TOS

?IP?-/M?.T*=

?IP?-/M?.T*=






*nalyse of the mass loss in functionof the tem)erature

?levation of tem)erature; 10Cmin

Thermogravimetric *nalysis

Per3in?lmer" Pyris1

M?TOS

?IP?-/M?.T*=

?IP?-/M?.T*=






0sage: Measures multiple 1re properties ofmicro laborator% scale samples

Enables measurement of:Speci1c 2eat Release Rate 34#g52eat of combustion 36#g5Ignition temperature 375

$onditions:

)%rol%(er operating temperaturerange of min+ 8 to ,!!!-$+Detection sensitivit% limit of min+ 8 m4Repeatabilit% of : 9 38 mg sample5

M$$&. ;ovmar<.0SA

Microscale $ombustion $alorimeter3M$$5

3

?IP?-/M?.T*=

-?S=TS






&abric =O/ <U t sU

ntreated 1 105

*)% E' (G

*)%R50 %0 (1

*)%8,10 EG 5E

*)%R8,10RF5 HEG V

*)%R8,10RF10 HEG V

*)%R508,10 %5 (N

*)%R8,10RF5 %G 5'

*)%R8,10RF10 E0 51

Table '; =O/ values of untreated and treated cotton fabrics

-?S=TS

-?S=TS






-?S=TS

=O/ values and add$on of flame

retardant com)onents



COST MP1105 Training School on

“Strategies to study fire behaviours and fire retardant mechanisms”



&abric Tonset 5< CU Tma41 CU-esidue at the end

of volatilation

Tma4' CU-esidue at

G50 C <U

ntreated 'N %5E E"N 5'' 0"(

*)% '0' 'N (("N 5'1 '6E

*)%R8,10 1N1 %00 (N"5 5(( 106%

T,* curves and data of

cotton fabrics 2ith full

concentration of urea and

ammonium hydrogen

)hos)hate and

2aterglass







&abric Tonset 5< CU Tma41 CU-esidue at the end of

volatilationTma4' CU

-esidue at

G50 C <U


*)%R8,10 1N1 %00 (N"5 5(( 106%

*)%R8,10RF5 1' %1G (%"' 55 1'"%

*)%R8,10RF10 10 %1( ('" 5G0 1E"N

T,* curves and data

of cotton fabrics 2ith

full concentration of

urea and ammoniumhydrogen )hos)hate"

2aterglass and eolite







&abric Tonset 5< CU Tma41 CU-esidue at the

end of volatilationTma4' CU

-esidue at G50 C

<U


*)%R50 ''N %1' (("1 5%G '61

*)%R50R8,10 'E5 %15 (N"' 5G' E"E

T,* curves and data of

cotton fabrics 2ith half

concentration of urea and

ammonium hydrogen

)hos)hate and

2aterglass







&abric Tonset 5< CU Tma41 CU-esidue at the end

of volatilationTma4' CU

-esidue at G50 C

<U

ntreated 'N %5E E"N 5'' 0"(*)%R50R8,10 'E5 %15 (N"' 5G' E"E

*)%R50R8,10RF5 '0N %'( (5"G (1E "(

*)%R50R8,10RF10 1E %'' (%"1 5N 10"G

T,* curves and data

of cotton fabrics 2ith

half concentration of

urea and ammoniumhydrogen )hos)hate"








&abric

eat release

tem)eratureTma4 7C9

Ma4imum

s)ecific heat

releaseWma4 78g9

S)ecific eat

releasehc 73Xg9

eat release

ca)acityYc 7Xg$B9

>ield of

)yrolysis

residue >) 7gg9

S)ec6 heat of

fuel gases

combustionhc6gas 73Xg9

ntreated %1N ''' 106' 16(( 060 116''

*)% %0% 10E %6%% 1006%% 06'N E6(G

*)%R8,10 '(0 (% '65 ('6%% 06%E %6N

MCC curves and data

of cotton fabrics 2ithhalf concentration of

urea and ammonium

hydrogen )hos)hate

and 2aterglass







&abric

eat release

tem)erature

Tma4 7C9

Ma4imum

s)ecific heat

release

Wma4 78g9

S)ecific eat

release

hc 73Xg9

eat release

ca)acity

Yc 7Xg$B9

>ield of

)yrolysis

residue

>) 7gg9

S)ec6 heat of

fuel gases

combustion

hc6gas 73Xg9

ntreated %1N ''' 106' 16(( 060 116''

*)%R8,10 '(0 (% '65 ('6%% 06%E %6N

*)%R8,10RF5 'N G% '"E G1"00 0"%N %"*)%R8,10RF10 'NN (N '"% (("00 0"%( %"(

MCC curves and data

of cotton fabrics 2ithfull concentration of

urea and ammonium

hydrogen )hos)hate"








&abric

eat release

tem)erature

Tma4

7C9

Ma4imum

s)ecific heat

release

Wma4

78g9

S)ecific eat

release

hc 73Xg9

eat release

ca)acity

Yc 7Xg$B9

>ield of

)yrolysis

residue

>) 7gg9

S)ec6 heat of

fuel gases

combustion

hc6gas 73Xg9

ntreated %1N ''' 106' 16(( 060 116''

*)%R50R8,10 %05 101 %6E%% N 06' E61

*)%R50R8,10RF5 ' N% '"G N1"00 0"%% E"1*)%R50R8,10RF10 '' G '"% GG"00 0"%( %"(

MCC curves and data

of cotton fabrics 2ithhalf concentration of

urea and ammonium

hydrogen )hos)hate"


CO.C=S/O.S







• Dibroactivated natural eolite" in the role of flame

retardant carrier" significantly im)roves the flame

retardancy of cotton 2hen added in the bath 2ith lo2er

concentration of urea and ammonium hydrogen

)hos)hate6

• Feolite increase of =O/ values is from % to 5 units6

• Thermo gravimetric analysis confirmed the )ositive

influence of eolite on flame retardancy based on high

char residue in the :uantity of (< more residue than urea"ammonium hydrogen )hos)hate and 2aterglass residue6

CO.C=S/O.S

Fire Retardant Development by Improved Technology for Cotton High Protection - Ana Marija Grancaric...

Documents

Transcript of Fire Retardant Development by Improved Technology for Cotton High Protection - Ana Marija Grancaric...