Fire-Related Properties of Materials Chapter 7. Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building...
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Transcript of Fire-Related Properties of Materials Chapter 7. Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building...
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Fire is the largest killer of building occupants in the United States
Factors Affecting Fire Safety Architectural design Construction materials and systems Fire detection and suppression Public education
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Fire Prevention
Building Code Fire Prevention Code (NFPA in US) - safety
in a building during use and occupancy Locating and maintaining fire protection
appliances Maintaining clear means of egress Storage of combustible materials
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Fire safe construction
Regulated by building code Combustiblity of materials determined by
ASTM testing requirements Non-combustible materials will not add fuel to
a fire
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
ASTM Test
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Non-combustible core
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Products given off in building fire
Heat Smoke
Fire gases Solid particulates Liquid particulates
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Fire gases
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrogen Cyanide
Hydrogen Chloride
Acrolein
Other Gases
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Fire-rated assemblies
Perform structural function without collapse Remain fire tight for duration of the fire Temperature of the unexposed face of the
assembly too low to ignite combustibles in adjacent compartment
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Compartmentalization
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Types of Construction
Type I & II noncombustible
Type III & IV noncombustible/ combustible
Type V combustible
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Type II(B)
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Type V(B)
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Type IV Heavy Timber (HT)
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Problem: Use Table 7.1 to determine construction type of following building
Material Fire Rating
Structural frame, steel columns and girders
2-hour
Exterior bearing walls None
Interior bearing walls None
Floor assembly, steel deck on steel beams with concrete topping
1-hour
Roof assembly, wood rafters and plywood sheathing
1-hour
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Solution
All components are non-combustible so building is either Type I or Type II
Based on Table 7.1, all components match with Type II (A)
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Directory of Fire Resistance
Reports fire resistance of fire ratings for various building assemblies
Based on standard fire tests of the entire assembly
Tests typically conducted by Underwriters Laboratories
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Fire-stopping penetrations, fire-sealing joints
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Fire containment in curtain wall
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Interior Finishes
Flame spread index (FSI) Measure of rate at which flames spread on the surface of an
assembly. Determined by Steiner Tunnel Test Scale starts with 0, no upper limit
Smoke developed index (SDI) Measure of visibility through smoke developed from burning
of interior finishes Scale starts with 0, no upper limit
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Classification of interior finishes
Flame Spread Class
FSI SDI
Class A 0 - 25 <450
Class B 26 - 75 <450
Class C 76 - 200 <450
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Building code requirements for interior finish class
Mehta, Scarborough, and Armpriest : Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems
© 2008 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Automatic fire sprinklers
Building codes encourage use by allowing greater area and height in sprinklered buildings
Allow a reduction in fire resistance rating for some assemblies
Lower required class of interior finishes