Fire Protection Facilities, Emergency Response Plan Hydrocarbon Fire Fighting Techniques
-
Upload
colette-collins -
Category
Documents
-
view
86 -
download
11
description
Transcript of Fire Protection Facilities, Emergency Response Plan Hydrocarbon Fire Fighting Techniques
Fire Protection Facilities,
Emergency Response Plan
Hydrocarbon Fire Fighting Techniques
Hazards and accident potentials
M.R.DWIBEDY
SPJM(HSE),IOCL PL, NOIDA
PRESENTATION ON
Workshop on‘Transportation of OIL & GAS through Pipelines’
FLOW OF PRESENTATION
Hazards and accident potentials• What is Hazard• Why to know about hazard• Kind of hazard• Special Risks Association with pipeline
transportation• Management control of hazards
Fire Protection Facilities • Basics of fire• Fire extinction principle• Types of fire protection facilities
What is Hazard
• Untoward incidents hidden behind the curtain of reality are called hazard.
• Unexpected events having damage potential for man or machine or property.
• Hazard is the potential to cause harm.
• A hazard is a situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the health and safety of people or to damage plant and equipment.
Why to Know about the hazard
• If not handled properly they will result in accident/ disaster etc.
• To eliminate accidents.
• To minimise occurrence of accidents.
• To control the loss and damage that an accident may cause.
• To provide various protection measures to safe guard man and machine.
Kind of Hazards
A. Material
I. Alkali, Acid
II. Toxic Materials
III. Explosive materials
B. Conditions
I. Hanging loads
II. Slippery surfaces
III. Rotating machines
Kind of Hazards
C. Energyi. Heat due to Steam, Flame, Fire
ii. Electricity
iii. Noise
iv. UV radiation, cosmic rays, atomic radiation
D. Activities
i. Vehicle races
ii. Overhead construction iii. Swimming in sea and high current rivers
iv. Sky diving
Kind of Hazards
E. NATURAL i. Lightning,
ii. Earth quake
iii. Flood
iv. Cyclone
F. HUMAN ELEMENT i. Presence of enemy
ii. Lack of knowledge
iii. Wrong attitude
iv. Negligence
v. Adamant, egoistic , saboteurs
Special Risks Association withpipeline Transportation
Highly Inflammable hazardous material is handled.
High Pressure encountered in the process.
Ignition from outside on Leakage from System.
Loss of Containment/Accidental Releases.
Inapproachability to the leakage site to control the fire/Accident.
Restoration takes considerable time.
Pollution of environment
Payment of huge compensation
Management Control of Hazard
Discovering Causes
Eliminating Unsafe Actions
Eliminating Unsafe Condition
• Safe guarding all machines, equipments, work space etc.
• Rectifying or preventing defective conditions.
• Suitable & safe design & construction
• Safe arrangements, processes, methods of work etc.
• Suitable illumination
• Ventilation
• PPEs
• Job safety Analysis
• Investigation of accidents
• Inspection of Plant & equipments
• Recording & tabulation of data
• Analysis of data
•Personal Adjustment
•Safety Education and training
•Supervision
•Self discipline
What is Fire
An exothermic reaction resulting from combination of heat fuel and oxygen.
Fire involves rapid oxidation at high temperatures accompanied by the evolution of highly heated gaseous products of combustion and emission of visible and invisible radiation.
Initiation of fire requires combustible materials, oxygen and an energy source (heat) to provide ignition. Three components - fuel , oxygen & heat are referred as the fire triangle
Classification of Fire
Class-A - Fires involving ordinary combustible materials like wood,paper,textiles,rubber etc.
Class-B -Fires involving flammable liquids or liquefiable solids, such as oils, solvents, petroleum products,paints, varnishes etc.
Class-C - Fire involving gases or liquefied gases under pressure for eg. LPG, Hydrogen etc.
Class-D Fire involving combustible metal such as Magnesium, sodium Zinc, Titanium etc.
Classification of Petroleum Product
Petroleum Products are divided in to following
classes
Class A - Flash point < 23 deg. C
Class B - Flash point > 23 degC &< 65 degC
Class C - flash point > 65 degC & < 93 deg.C
Unclassified : flash point> 93 deg.c and above
Important Properties of Petroleum Product
For all flammable liquids, it is the vapour which burns and not the liquid.
Flammable vapour burns only when mixed with proper percentage of oxygen as support of combustion.
Flammable limits of petroleum products roughly lies between slightly greater than 1% and less than 10%.
Petroleum vapour is heavier than air so it has tendency to discend on ground or lower level or sump.
Petroleum is immiscible with water. Its specific gravity is less than 1, so they float on water
Electric conductivity of almost all petroleum products ( except crude oil, ethanol etc.) is very low and hence it generates static electricity during storage and transportation
Principle of fire Extinction
Starvation - Removing or blanketing the fuel
Smothering - Cutting off or diluting the oxygen supply
Cooling - Removing heat from the fire.
Different Agents to Fire Fire
Sand
Blanketing
Water
Steam
Chemical foam
Carbon dioxide
Dry Chemical Powder
Aqueous Film Forming Foam ( AFFF)
Suitability of Extinguishing media to Different class of Fire
Class of Fire
Description Extinguishing media
A Fires involving ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper, textiles etc.
Water
B Fires involving flammable liquids like oils, petroleum products, paints varnishes etc.
Foam, Dry chemical Powder,Carbon Dioxide.
C Fires involving gaseous substances such as LPG, Hydrogen etc.
Dry Chemical Powder Carbon Dioxide.
D Fires occurring in Combustible metals such as Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Zinc etc.
Special Dry Powders such as Ternary Eutectic Chloride
Fire Protection Facilities in Petroleum Installation
Fire Protection Facilities Fire Protection Facilities
Fire Detection Fire Fighting
Automatic Fire Detection System
Smoke- Ionisation or Optical type
Heat – Fixed temperature or rate of rise temperature type
Flame – UV or IR or UV/IR or IR3
Heat And Smoke – Multiple criteria
Automatic Fire Detection System
Detection system can be conventional type, addressable type and analog addressable type.
Selection of detection system is carried out based on specific requirement of industry.
Conventional - Detectors are in zones with max. 30 devices
Addressable - Detectors are in loop with max. 198 devices per loop, each
device has an address.
• Analog addressable - • Same as addressable with ability to send actual value of
smoke particle/ tepmarature etc. in the chamber of each detector
Automatic Fire Detection System
Advantages of analog addressable detectors over conventional type of detectors
• Each device has an unique address and location can be easily identified
• All signals are verified and no chance of false alarm
• Exact location is pin pointed rather than area
• Single loop comprises of 198 devices connected by 2 core cable.
• All devices connected to the fire alarm panel are scanned by the panel all the time. All the devices report their condition to the panel.
Automatic Fire Detection System
Modification is simpler. The device only needs to be added to the existingloop with a minimum change in panel software.
•History of each device can be seen by means of a printout.
•Easier maintenance. Device itself indicates about maintenance.
•Lesser cable length.
•Lower power consumption.
•Compact & elegant design.
Automatic Fire Detection System
Block Diagram for Automatic Fire Detection and CO2 Release system
Automatic Fire Detection System
Automatic Fire Detection System
Schematic Layout of CO2 system
Fire Fighting System
Fire Water Reservoir
Pumping units
Fire water Network
Fire hydrants and foam cum water monitor
Water spray system
Foam pourer system
Automatic rim seal fire protection system
Fire Water Reservoir
Open water reservoirs dedicated for storage of fire water requirement of minimum 4 hrs. fire fighting capability. Open top pond with RCC wall all sides.
Above ground fire water tanks of adequate nos. to meet the norm of 4 hr. continuous fire fighting. Coned roof or open top above ground tanks
Fire Water Reservoir
Above Ground Coned roof tankAbove Ground Coned roof tank
Open top water reservoir
Open top water reservoir
Fire Fighting Pumping units
Motor or engine driven pumping units dedicated for supply of fire water to
Pumping units may be vertical turbine type or horizontal type.
No. of pumps shall be based on design pumping requirement.
Standby pumping units for facilitating maintenance without compromising safety of the installation.
Fire Fighting Pumping units
Engine driven pump (horizontal)
Horizontal Motor Driven pump( Jockey)
Vertical Turbine type pump( Motor driven)
Fire Water Network
MOC of network may be carbon steel or composite material or its equivalent if used for fresh water.
Incase of saline, brakish water, steel pipes, internally cement, mortar lines or glass reinforced epoxy, coated or pipes made of material suitable for the quality of water shall be used.
Shall be laid above ground and under ground only in case of crossings/other unavoidable circumstances.
The fire water network shall be laid in closed loops as far as possible to ensure multi-directional flow in the system.
The hydraulic analysis of network shall be done at the design time.
Fire Water Network-Typical schematic
Fire Hydrants and Monitors
Fire hydrants and foam cum water monitors to be provided on the fire water network.
Inter distance shall not be more than 30 m.
Monitors shall be provided with individual isolation valve.
Distance of hydrants from tanks or equipment under protection shall not be less than 15 m.
Monitors shall be provided with individual isolation valve.
Double headed fire hydrant landing valves
Foam-cum-water monitor
Water Spray System
Water spray system is provided for cooling of tank shell, piping exposed to fire. System is provided for cooling of the structure on fire and exposure protection of adjacent property.
System consists of fixed piping with pipe fittings, isolation valves, NRV and water spray nozzles.
In case of tank and piping, water spray is directly impinged on to the surface of tank or piping for cooling.
Water Spray System-Schematic
Water Curtain system in Building
Foam Pourer System
Semi-fixed foam Pourer system Comprises of fixed pipings and pipe fittings, drain
valves, foam coupling, foam makers, foam pourer and deflector plate on tank.
Mobile Foam tender is required for actuating the system.
Fixed foam pourer system( Manual/Automatic) Manual system comprises of fixed foam concentrate
storage shed, foam supply pumps, proportioning system, pipings and pipe fittings, isolation valves, drain valves, foam coupling, foam makers, foam pourer and deflector plate on tank.
Automactic system requires motor operates valves at different points and PLC for its actuation based on feed back from automatic fire detection and alarm system.
Foam Pourer SystemSchematic
Foam Pourer System-Schematic
Foam Pourer System-Components/working
Foam pourer system for tanks Semi-fixed foam Pourer system Fixed foam pourer system( Manual/Automatic)
Foam pourer system for Engine driven mainline pumping unit shed.( Automatic/Manual)
Foam Pourer System-Photographs
Foam Flooding system for Mainline engine shed
MAJOR COMPONENTSDetection system
Intrinsically safe Heat Detectors (HDs)
Intrinsically safe Ultra Violet / Infra Red flame detectors (UV/IR)
Addressable Manual Call Point (MCP)
Extinguishing system
Y-type strainer, Solenoid valve
Deluge valve, Bladder type foam tank (capacity 2000 litres)
Foam proportioning unit, Piping network for protected area
Foam cum water spray nozzles
Foam Pourer System
Deluge valve and bladder tank skid
View of engine shed showing foam solution piping and discharge nozzles
Foam Flooding system in Mainline Pump shed
Foam bladder tankHydrant line
Strainer
Deluge Valve6 “, 14000 lpm
Proportioner
6 ”, 5000 LPM
Foam sprinklers
MLPSMLPS
Typical Arrangement of Rim seal Units over tank Roof
GA Of Foam Module Assembly
Discharge Nozzles
Rim Seal Fire Protection System
Rim Seal Protection System
Hydrocarbon Fire Fighting Techniques
• Reduction of fire load from the fire site by transferring the combustible material, if possible.
• Containment of fire and fire fighting.
• Reducing domino effect of fire by providing suitable exposure protection measures.
• Salvaging usables after fire fighting.
Hydrocarbon Fire Fighting Techniques
• Inter tank transfer of the product based on availability of ullage in the installation.
• Operation of isolating devices to stop supply of fuel to fire site.
• Localising the combustible product.
Hydrocarbon Fire Fighting Techniques
First aid Use of first aid fire fighting extinguishers, fire buckets, sand scoops, hose reel, water jel blanket
Manual Use of hose lines and nozzles, fire beaters, portable monitors, fixed monitors
Fixed Fire hydrant network, sprinkler system, fixed foam flooding system in MLPS/Tanks, CO2 total flooding, Halon system, Deluge system(The above system may be fixed/semifixed/ manual/automatic)
Mobile Water tender, foam tender, DCP tender, crash tender, rescue tender, Foam nurser, trolley mounted monitors.
Advanced Dynamite blasts etc.
Emergency Response Plan-Statutory Requirements
Factories Act- 1948 (amended in 1987)
Section 41-B requires that an “On-Site Emergency Plan” with detailed Disaster Control Measures by every occupier of an installation involving hazardous process shall be prepared and submitted to Factory Inspectorate.
Statutory Requirement…. Contd
Manufacturer, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules ( Amendments) Rules, 2000
Rule - 5 - Notification of major accident
Rule-7,8,9 - Notification of site and updation of same
Rule- 10- Preparation of safety report
Rule-11 - Updating of safety report
Rule-13- Preparation of On-site Emergency plan (By occupier)
Rule-14 - Preparation of Off - site Emergency plan ( By concerned authority)
Statutory Requirement…. Contd
Rules on Chemical Accidents (Emergency planning, Preparedness and Response)
This rule envisages a 4-tier crisis management system in the country
1. Central crisis group
2. State Crisis Group
3. District Crisis Group
4. Local Crisis Group.
General Guidelines for Drafting ERP
General Information about the Factory Brief information about the Company in general and Factory in Particular
Organisational Set Up Hierarchy in form of a tree showing the unit head and his subordinates up-to-the
Departmental / Sectional heads
Manpower Shift wise manpower break up for A, B, C and G shift in tabular form
Product/ Bi-Product Name of Product and bi-product and their quantity per day / annum
Inventory of Raw material Names of raw-material showing their quantity / threshold quantity
Inventory of Hazardous substances Names of hazardous substances used as raw material showing their tank /
container capacity and thresh hold capacity
Hazardous substances / gases produced/ generated during the process Names of hazardous substances / gases produced/ generated during the process
with the quantities
Identification of Hazard Hazards are mostly manifested in form of fire / explosion / toxic release Each anticipated hazard scenario associated in the factory be described along with
its assessment of impact of plant and locality Identification of most credible hazard scenario
The most credible ( max) hazard scenario be identified from among all anticipated hazard scenario associated with the unit and its spread assessed through dispersion model or other techniques
Plot Plan A plot plan be made showing the plant location, iso-risk contour around the hazard
zones, emergency control room, assembly points, emergency exit, roads and other relevant details
Emergency Command centre A tree showing the emergency command structure, such as Works main controller,
Site Incident Controller, Combat team , Rescue team etc Role of Key persons
The role of key persons to be described in brief which should include members in the command structures
General Guidelines for Drafting ERP
Action Plan for Emergency Response Plan The action of each person in the event of an emergency since it was
noticed by an employee to be described
Silent Hour Command Structure A command structure for the silent hour be prepared who should spring
into action during the silent hour till the members of the main command structure reach the site
Activation and closing procedure The activation and closing procedure in the event of an emergency be
described in brief
General Guidelines for Drafting ERP
Emergency Response Plan
Objectives:
To ensure that loss of life and injuries to persons are minimised
To ensure that property losses are minimum
Ensure that relief and rehabilitation measures are put into effective action in the shortest possible time.
To ensure that potential loss due to prolonged shut down of facilities is minimised.
To effectively make use of available resources
Identification of organizational and operational details
Delineate functions of concerned departments & agencies for operational
responsibilities
Key Element of ERP
Assessment of the size and nature of the events foreseen and probability that might occur
Formulation of the plan and liaison with outside authorities including the emergency services.
Procedures – Raising the alarm and communication ( Both within & outside pump station)
Appointment of Key Personnel and defining their duties and responsibilities
Setting up of emergency control center
Action on site
Station shut down procedures
Action off-site
Priorirty of handling emergency
Priority of Handling Disaster Safe guard life
Safe guard property
Stop product leakage and contain
Extinguish any fire
Reclaim spilled product and clean the area
Probable Disaster Fire
Leakage of oil & damage
Operational
Natural calamities
Man made
Response Procedure & Measure
Response procedure for all emergency situations( Causes, Consequences, control measures, Man power & Equipments)
Organogram & Responsibilities
Resources (Internal/External)
Emergency Control Room
Mutual Aid Scheme
Name, Addresses, Contact numbers of concerned person/company
Team Responsibility
Team is responsible for
Handling of emergency at site For supplying material/equipment/manpower Plant operational control Medical Services General Support Communication and media arrangement Co-ordination with external agencies
All team leaders shall work under the command of an over all commander.
Control Room
Central control room shall be equipped with Plant layout
P&I diagram
Operating parameters of equipment
Organogram of ERP
Meteorological data
Mutual Aid Scheme
Telephone Numbers of persons to be contacted
Report forms
List of Internal & External Resources
Communication facilities
Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)
Recovery Plan
Recovery Procedure
Post - emergency Recovery
Incident Investigation
Damage Assessment
Clean-up and Restoration
Effective Implementation
Effective Implementation
Plan to be implemented through team work
Periodical Mock Drills activating DMP
Regular review and updation of plan
Constant liasoning with Mutual Aid Members