A Rumpke Public Outreach ProgramF I R E L O G I S T I C S A N D M AT H E D U C AT I O N

Welcome Welcome & &

IntroductionsIntroductions

Identify emergency exits Identify emergency exits to all participants.to all participants.

Identify location of Identify location of restroom facilities.restroom facilities.

Cover any other Cover any other related site information.related site information.

What will we accomplish today!What will we accomplish today!

What we do in the Fire Service!What we do in the Fire Service!

This is our OFFICE!

This is our Work!

Why Numbers?

Why Numbers?

• Numbers tell us valuable information:– How much water we need.– The amount of water we are flowing.– The truck pressure required to meet our

flow requirements.– The time we have flowed water and the

total gallons used.– How to adjust for elevation, plus or minus.

Nozzle Types

• Hand line nozzles fall into two basic types:– Smooth bore – straight stream, no

adjustment or settings.– Variable stream – choice of straight stream

or fog pattern.

• The firefighter can usually choose what type based on fire location and size.

Nozzle Force

• Nozzle pressures can cause problems:– Not enough pressure can prevent an

effective fire attack or get the firefighters burned.

– Too much pressure can injure the firefighters from excessive nozzle force.

• The best balance is the correct pressure at the nozzle.

Why Numbers?

• Applying the correct values or numbers equals success:– Applying the correct numbers into the

formulas predicts a successful and manageable nozzle pressure.

– This allows the firefighters to move the hose line in a building to successfully attack and extinguish the fire.

Elevation Elevation Pressure Pressure

Gain & LossGain & Loss

Elevation Pressure Gain & LossElevation Pressure Gain & Loss

Pressure Loss: Aerial Piped Pressure Loss: Aerial Piped WaterwayWaterway

Pump Discharge Pressure: Pump Discharge Pressure: Fog NozzleFog Nozzle

Pressure Loss: Four HoselinesPressure Loss: Four Hoselines(Unequal Lengths)(Unequal Lengths)

Common Hose SizesCommon Hose Sizes

Common Common NozzleNozzle DiametersDiameters

Friction Loss CoefficientFriction Loss CoefficientSingle HoselinesSingle Hoselines

Variables for Calculating Variables for Calculating Total Pressure LossTotal Pressure Loss

•• Volume of water flowing per minute;Volume of water flowing per minute;•• Length & diameter of the hoseline;Length & diameter of the hoseline;•• Any major appliances attached to Any major appliances attached to

hoseline;hoseline;•• Pressure loss or gain created by Pressure loss or gain created by

elevation;elevation;

Total Pressure LossTotal Pressure Loss

Appliance Pressure LossAppliance Pressure Loss

•• 0 psi friction loss for flows less 0 psi friction loss for flows less than 350 gpm;than 350 gpm;

•• 10 psi friction loss for flows 10 psi friction loss for flows greater than 350 gpm;greater than 350 gpm;

•• 25 psi friction loss in all master 25 psi friction loss in all master stream appliances.stream appliances.

Types of Appliances

Calculating Calculating Friction LossFriction Loss

Student Activity 1Student Activity 1

What does What does friction loss friction loss

mean to you?mean to you?

Is it important Is it important and why?and why?

FL = CQFL = CQ2 2 LL

Where:Where:FL = Friction loss in psiFL = Friction loss in psiC = Friction loss coefficientC = Friction loss coefficientQ = Flow rate in hundreds of Q = Flow rate in hundreds of

gpmgpm (Flow(Flow÷÷100)100)L = Hose length in hundreds of L = Hose length in hundreds of

feet (Lengthfeet (Length÷÷100)100)

1.1. If 150 gpm is flowing from If 150 gpm is flowing from a nozzle, what is the a nozzle, what is the friction loss for 200 feet of friction loss for 200 feet of 22--inch hose?inch hose?

Please write your answer on the Please write your answer on the student worksheet as we student worksheet as we

work through the problem.work through the problem.

Problem 1Problem 1

FL = CQFL = CQ22LL(Q=150(Q=150÷÷100) (L=200100) (L=200÷÷100)100)

FL = 8 FL = 8 ×× 1.51.52 2 ×× 2 2 FL = 8 FL = 8 ×× 2.252.25 ×× 22FL = 18 FL = 18 ×× 22FL = 36 psiFL = 36 psi

2.2. If 400 gpm is flowing If 400 gpm is flowing from a nozzle, what is the from a nozzle, what is the friction loss for 300 feet friction loss for 300 feet of 4of 4--inch hose?inch hose?

Please write your answer Please write your answer on the student worksheet on the student worksheet as we work through the as we work through the

problem.problem.

Problem 2Problem 2

FL = CQFL = CQ22LL(Q=400(Q=400÷÷100) (L=300100) (L=300÷÷100)100)

FL = 0.2 FL = 0.2 ×× 442 2 ×× 3 3 FL = 0.2 FL = 0.2 ×× 1616 ×× 33FL = 3.2 FL = 3.2 ×× 33FL = 9.6 or 10 psiFL = 9.6 or 10 psi

3.3. If 200 gpm is flowing from If 200 gpm is flowing from a nozzle, what is the a nozzle, what is the friction loss for 150 feet of friction loss for 150 feet of 22--inch hose?inch hose?

Please write your answer on the Please write your answer on the student worksheet as we work student worksheet as we work

through the problem.through the problem.

Problem 3Problem 3

FL = CQFL = CQ22LL(Q=200(Q=200÷÷100) (L=150100) (L=150÷÷100)100)

FL = 8 FL = 8 ×× 222 2 ×× 1.5 1.5 FL = 8 FL = 8 ×× 44 ×× 1.51.5FL = 32 FL = 32 ×× 1.51.5FL = 48 psiFL = 48 psi

Calculating Calculating Elevation PressureElevation Pressure

Student Activity 2Student Activity 2

EP = 0.5 EP = 0.5 ×× HH

Where:Where:

EP = Elevation Pressure in psiEP = Elevation Pressure in psi0.5 = A constant0.5 = A constantH = Height in feetH = Height in feet

EP = 5 EP = 5 ×× (No. Stories (No. Stories –– 1)1)

Where:Where:

Pressure in psi EP = Elevation Pressure in psi EP = Elevation 5 = A constant5 = A constant

4. A hoseline operating on the 4. A hoseline operating on the 1212thth floor of a structure fire is floor of a structure fire is connected to the buildingconnected to the building’’s s standpipe system. standpipe system.

What is the elevation pressure What is the elevation pressure at the base of the standpipe at the base of the standpipe system?system?

Please write your answer on the student Please write your answer on the student worksheet as we work through the worksheet as we work through the

problem.problem.

Problem 4Problem 4

EP = 5 EP = 5 ×× (No. Stories (No. Stories –– 1)1)EP = 5 EP = 5 ×× 1111EP = 55EP = 55

5.5. What would be the elevation What would be the elevation pressure loss at the pump pressure loss at the pump for a pumper at the bottom for a pumper at the bottom of a 250of a 250--foot hill supplying a foot hill supplying a hoseline at the top of the hoseline at the top of the hill?hill?

Please write your answer on the student Please write your answer on the student worksheet as we work through the worksheet as we work through the

problem.problem.

Problem 5Problem 5

EP = 0.5 EP = 0.5 ×× HHEP = 0.5HEP = 0.5HEP = 0.5 EP = 0.5 ×× 250250EP = 125EP = 125

6.6. What would be the What would be the elevation pressure gain at elevation pressure gain at the pump for a pumper the pump for a pumper atop of a 150atop of a 150--foot hill foot hill supplying a hoseline at supplying a hoseline at the base of the hill?the base of the hill?

Please write your answer on the student Please write your answer on the student worksheet as we work through the worksheet as we work through the

problem.problem.

Problem 6Problem 6

EP = 0.5 EP = 0.5 ×× HHEP = 0.5HEP = 0.5HEP = 0.5 EP = 0.5 ×× 150150EP = 75EP = 75

Calculating Total Pressure Calculating Total Pressure Loss in Single Hoseline Loss in Single Hoseline

LayoutsLayoutsStudent Activity 3Student Activity 3

TPL = FL TPL = FL ±± EPEP

Where:Where:

FL = Friction lossFL = Friction loss

±± = Add (+) or Subtract (= Add (+) or Subtract (––))EP = Elevation pressure in psiEP = Elevation pressure in psi

FL = CQFL = CQ22LL

EP = 5 EP = 5 ×× (No. Stories (No. Stories –– 1)1)

EP = 0.5HEP = 0.5H

7.7. A pumper is supplying 150A pumper is supplying 150--feet of 1feet of 1¾¾--inch hose with inch hose with 150 gpm flowing. What is 150 gpm flowing. What is the total pressure loss in the the total pressure loss in the hose assembly?hose assembly?

Please write your answer on the student Please write your answer on the student worksheet as we work through the worksheet as we work through the

problem.problem.

Problem 7Problem 7

TPL = FL TPL = FL ±± EPEP

TPL = 52.3 TPL = 52.3 ±± 00

FL = 52.3 = 15.5 FL = 52.3 = 15.5 ×× 1.51.52 2 ×× 1.51.5

TPL = 52.3 or 52TPL = 52.3 or 52

8.8. Using the information from Using the information from Problem 7, what is the total Problem 7, what is the total pressure loss if the fire pressure loss if the fire situation is located on the situation is located on the 4th floor of a building?4th floor of a building?

Please write your answer on the student Please write your answer on the student worksheet as we work through the worksheet as we work through the

problem.problem.

Problem 8Problem 8

TPL = FL TPL = FL ±± EPEP

TPL = 52.3 TPL = 52.3 ±± 1515

FL = 52.3 = 15.5 FL = 52.3 = 15.5 ×× 1.51.52 2 ×× 1.51.5

EP = 15 = 5 x 3EP = 15 = 5 x 3

TPL = 67.3 or 67TPL = 67.3 or 67

Congratulations!Congratulations!WeWe’’re ready to apply the math to move some re ready to apply the math to move some

water!water!

A Rumpke Public Outreach ProgramF I R E L O G I S T I C S A N D M AT H E D U C AT I O N

••Closing CommentsClosing CommentsI hope this course was:I hope this course was:

Interesting Interesting ChallengingChallenging

Fun; andFun; andApplied math in a different and helpful Applied math in a different and helpful

perspective!perspective!

A Rumpke Public Outreach ProgramF I R E L O G I S T I C S A N D M AT H E D U C AT I O N