FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM IN HOTEL

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FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM IN HOTELA PRESENTATION ON

CONTEMPORARY TECHNOLOGYM.ARCH (BUILDING SERVICES)

Presented by :Aaesha QamarMohd. Athar Mansury

Submitted to :Ar. Mohd. Firoz Anwar

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BUILDING SERVICES PRESENTED BY : ATHAR MANSURY SLIDE NO. : 01

• A Fire detection and alarm system is number of devices working together to detect and warnpeople through visual and audio appliances when smoke, fire, CO or other emergencies are present.

• Detect fire in the areas.

3. WHERE IS IT USED ?• Institutional Buildings • Residential Apartments• Industries • Offices• Hotel • Hospitals • Mall • Multi Storied Complexes

1. FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM

Alarm

Smoke & heat detector

Fire is automatically detected

Fig.1. Fire detection and alarm system devicesSource : www.efire.info/products-ext.asp

Fig.2. Smoke and heat detectors

GUIDED BY : AR. MOHD. FIROZ ANWAR

1. INTRODUCTION :

2. WHY IS IT REQUIRED?

• Notify building occupants to take evasive action toescape.

• Summon organized assistance to assist in fire controlactivities.

• Initiate automatic fire control systems to sound alarm.• Supervise fire control systems to assure operational

status is maintained.

http://www.efire.info/products-ext.asp

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BUILDING SERVICES PRESENTED BY : AAESHA QAMAR SLIDE NO. : 02

INPUT DEVICES CONTROL PANEL OUTPUT DEVICES

Fig.3. Block diagram of Fire detection and alarm system principleSource : www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com

4. FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM PRINCIPLE :

Fire detection and alarm systemprinciple is based on three devices :

4.1. INPUT DEVICES4.2. CONTROL PANEL4.3. OUTPUT DEVICES

• Fire-related information is collectedfrom all parts of the building by theInput devices & transmitted to theControl panel.

Fig.4. Chart of Fire detection and alarm system

1. AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTORS2. MANUAL CALL POINTS(FIRE BOX)3. CONTACTS


4.1. INPUT DEVICES :

• It has three devices :

http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/

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4.1.1. AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTORS :

4.1.2. MANUAL CALL POINTS(FIRE BOX) :

HEAT DETECTORS SMOKE DETECTORS FLAME DETECTORS FIRE GAS DETECTORS

Fig.4. Different types of Automatic fire detectorsSource : www.efire.info/products-ext.asp

SINGLE ACTION GLASS BREAK DOUBLE ACTION

Fig.5. Different types of Manual call pointsSource : www.efire.info/products-ext.asp4.2. CONTROL PANEL :

4.3. OUTPUT DEVICES :


GLASS BREAK

glass rod or plate is broken.

It is of four types :

1. HEAT DETECTORS2. SMOKE DETECTORS3. FLAME DETECTORS4. FIRE-GAS DETECTORS

It is of two types :

Installed in the normal entry/exit path.

1. SINGLE ACTIONpull handle once.

2. DOUBLE ACTIONlifting of a cover or opening a door.

• Control panel monitor, control and operate thesystem.

• It evaluates the hazard messages from the Inputdevices.

• It activates audible alarm warnings.

The actions initiated by the control unit include :

• Alarming, • Activating the fire controls,• Alerting the fire brigade.



Lack of system maintenance :Badly designed, or poorly installed

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2. FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM IN HOTEL

1.2. CAUSES

Critical areas includes :1. GUEST ROOMS 2. KITCHENS 3. LAUNDRIES4. RESTAURANTS5. STAIRWAYS 6. PARKING GARAGES7. PLANT ROOMS

1.3. CRITICAL AREAS IN HOTEL

FALSE ALARM

INTRODUCTION :

Deceptive phenomena :• Steam,• Increase in temp. due to electrical equipments.

• Areas with numerousheat sources.

• Large fire loads.• Significant deception

phenomena.

• High occupancy loads.

• Overheating in Electricalequipment leading to shortcircuits, overloads, discharges, etc.

CAUSES :

Interference from the HVAC system.


1.1. COMPLEXITY

1. FACTORS OF HOTEL FIRES :

Hotel fires are more complex thanmany other occupancies because of :

• Guest’s unfamiliarity with thebuilding.

• Many guests may have languageproblems.

• Open flame from candles,cigarettes, lighters.

• Carelesness with electricalequipment.

Special attention shouldbe given to critical areas.

Its characteristics are :

• A False alarm, is the deceptive report of an emergency,causing unnecessary panic to a place where theyare not needed.

Smoke detector withsounder base

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1.3.1. GUEST ROOM

1. CAUSE OF FIRE HAZARDS :

3. SOLUTION OF FIRE HAZARDS :

It is caused from :

Detector

Positioning of the detectors :

Fig.6. Smoke detectors used in Guest roomSource : www.buildingtechnologies.siem-ens.com

Fig.7. Positioning of the Smoke detectors in Guest houseSource : www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com

• Steam from the shower.• Cigarette smoke.• Rapid increase in temperature

caused by an electric heater.

• On the ceiling.• At least 0.5 m from the wall.• In the area of the bed.• As far as possible from the bathroom door.• Away from the airflow of the HVAC system.

• Smoke detector with sounder base.

• Short circuit of an electrical appliance.• Careless handling of smoking products such as cigarettes.• Propagation of smoke and fire via the HVAC system.

Smoke detectorsused in Guest roomjust above the bed


2. DECEPTIVE PHENOMENONS :

http://www.buildingtechnologies.siem-/


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1.3.2. KITCHENS1. CAUSE OF FIRE HAZARDS :

2. DECEPTIVE PHENOMENON :

• Steam from boiling water.• Rapid increase in temperatures

caused by opening an oven.



Manual call point

Fire detector

Manual call point

Fig.9. Positioning of the Fire detectors in KitchenSource : www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com

Fig.8. Fire detectors used in KitchenSource : www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com

• Short circuit of an electrical appliance (stove, fridge, dish washer or other kitchen equipment).

• Careless handling of the gas stove. • Flammable materials such as oven mitts on a hot

plate.• Loose clothing and hair which can catch fire when

cooking with an exposed flame.

Automatic fire detector

• On the ceiling.• At least 0.5 m from the wall.• As far as possible from the

cooking area and the oven.• Away from the airflow of

the HVAC system.

Manual call point installednext to entry/exit

Fire detector installed on theceiling away from electricalappliances


It is caused from :

• Next to the entry/exit.• At a height of 1.4 m

± 0.2 m.



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1.3.3. LAUNDRIES



• Steam from an ironing press.• Rapid increase in temperature

caused by opening a dryer.


Automatic fire detector Manual call point

Fig.10. Fire detectors used in LaundarySource : www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com

Fig.11. Positioning of the Fire detectors in LaundarySource : www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com

Fire detector

Manual call point


• Short circuit of an electrical appliance (e.g. washing machine,dryer or ironing press).

• Ignition of dust or fluff through contact with a hot surface,• Spontaneous combustion of textiles.

• On the ceiling.• At least 0.5 m

from the wall.• Away from the

airflow of theHVAC system.


± 0.2 m.

Manual call pointinstalled next toentry/exit

Fire detector installedon the ceiling away fromthe electrical appliances


It is caused from :



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1.3.4. RESTAURANTS



• Smoke caused by frying at the tables.




Smoke detectorFire detector

Manual call point

Smoke detector

Fig.13. Positioning of the Fire detectors in RestaurantSource : www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com

Fig.12. Fire detectors used in RestaurantSource : www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com

• Short circuit of an electrical appliance (coffee machine,chafing dish or hotplate).

• Careless handling of candles.• Flammable materials close to open flames or electrical

hotplates.

• On the ceiling.• At least 0.5 m from

the wall.• Away from the

airflow of the HVACsystem.

• On the Ceiling.• In the area of sittings.

Smoke detector installedon the ceiling in the areaof the sittings

Fire detector

Manual call pointinstalled next toentry/exit


It is caused from :


± 0.2 m.



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1.3.5. STAIRWAYS




Manual call point

The Smoke detector must be positionedin every electrical enclosure.

The Fire detector must be installed inthe stairway on the top floor ceiling.

• If stories are separated by a door, afire detector must be installed onthe ceiling before every door andinstalled on every third story.

Fig.15. Positioning of the Fire detectors in StairwaySource : www.buildingtechnologies.sie

Fig.14. Fire detectors used in StairwaySource : www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com

Fire detector

Manual call point

Smoke detector

Automatic Fire detector installed on every third storyManual call point

Smoke detector

Smoke detector positioned in electrical enclosure

• Short circuit of electrical equipment. • Sometimes contact of flammable

materials with electrical equipments.

Automatic fire detectors• In the middle of the ceiling.

• Next to the escape door which leadsoutside or to a safe area.

• At a height of 1.4 m ± 0.2 m.


mens.com

http://www.buildingtechnologies.sie/



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1.3.6. PARKING GARAGES



• Smoke emitted whenever the engineof a vehicle is started.

• Too much emission of smoke increasesthe temp. of area.



Fire detector

Manual call point

Fig.16. Fire detectors used in ParkingSource : www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com

Fig.17. Positioning of the Fire detectors in ParkingSource : www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com

Automatic Fire detector

Manual call point

Automatic Firedetector installedabove parkingarea

Manual call pointinstalled next to entry/exit

• Short circuit of electrical equipment(e.g. Motor of a ventilation system).

• A technical fault in a vehicle.• Flammable material catching fire from

flying sparks during welding work etc.


• On the ceiling.• At least 0.5 m from the

wall.• Away from the airflow of

the Ventilation system.


It is caused from :


± 0.2 m.



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1.3.7. PLANT ROOMS



• Steam from sanitary technology (water treatment,waste water disposal, gas facilities).

SINORIX COMPACT :


• Due to the presence electrical and electroniccomponents and devices.

• Suitable in an area with no largerstructures or installations.

• In the airflow of the ventilation duct.

• In the plant room next to the door. • At a height of 1.4 m ± 0.2 m.

• In the plant room next to the door. • At a height of 1.4 m ± 0.2 m.

• In the wall shared with a large room.


• Short circuit of an electrical component,• Failure of the cooling system leading to

excessive overheating of electronic components(e.g. microcontroller).

It is caused from :

• Rapid increase in temperatures caused by heatingtechnology (heat generation, heat storage,heat distribution).

Selecting the type, setting and position offire detectors.

ASD SUCTION PIPE :

MANUAL CALL POINT :

MANUALLY ACTIVATED ACTUATOR FOR EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM :

OVERPRESSURE FLAP :

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Fig.19. Positioning of the Firedetectors in Plant roomSource : www.buildingtechnolog

1. SINORIX COMPACT 2. ELECTRICAL MANUAL ACTUATOR

FOR EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM (YELLOW)

3. MANUAL CALL POINT (RED) 4. OVERPRESSURE FLAP 5. VENTILATION DUCT 6. ASD SUCTION PIPE

Fig.18. Fire detectors used in Plant roomSource : www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com

Electrical manual actuatorfor extinguishing systeminstalled next to entrance

Manual call point installednext to entrance


ies.siemens.com



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BUILDING SERVICES SLIDE NO. : 13GUIDED BY : AR. MOHD. FIROZ ANWAR

CASE STUDY : RADISSON BLU HOTEL, GREATER NOIDA

INTRODUCTION :

• Radisson Blu Hotel, is a 5 star Hotel built in 2011.• It is managed by : Carlson Rezidor Hotel Group.

LOCATION :

• C-8, Site 4, 2nd Cross Avenue Roa, Kasna,Greater Noida, UP, India.

SURROUNDINGS :

• It is surrounded by beautiful green landscape just 3KM from the Yamuna expressway.

ACCESSIBILITY :• Distance from IGI

Airport : 52 km• Distance from

New Delhi Railway Station : 43 km

MAIN AMENITIES :

• 175 Guestrooms• 4 Restaurants• Banquet hall• Spa• Health club• Childcare• Outdoor pool• Roof top terrace

Fig.21. Night view of RADISSON BLU HOTEL, Greater NoidaSource : www.makemytrip.com/hotels/radisson_blu

Fig.20. Location map of HotelSource : Google map

PLOT AREA : 6680 SQ.M

COVERED AREA :

BASEMENT :

NO. OF STORIES : 15

BUILDING HT. : 62M

PARKING :

• Ground floor :- 2003 sq.m• Typical floor :- 10499 sq.m

• No. :- 2• Area :- 7206 sq.m

• Inside :- 200 cars,• Outside :- 100 cars

SITE DETAILS :

PRESENTED BY : ATHAR MANSURY

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BUILDING SERVICES PRESENTED BY : AAESHA QAMAR SLIDE NO. : 14GUIDED BY : AR. MOHD. FIROZ ANWAR

1. GUEST ROOM

1.1. ANALYSIS• Detailed evacuationplan with necessarydetails behind thedoor.

2. KITCHEN

2.1. ANALYSIS• It has proper fire fighting system.

Fig.22. Detailed evacution planbehind the doorSource : Self

Fig.23. Smoke detector, Speakerused in Guest roomSource : Self

Fig.24. Fire detector, Speakerused in Guest roomSource : Self

Smoke detector installedon the ceiling in the bedarea.

Speaker installed near the door

Fire detectorinstalled on theceiling away fromelectrical equipment

• Smoke detectornear the bed area.

• One speaker nearthe door andanother in thebathroom.

• Fire detector on the ceiling.• Speaker near the door.• Sprinklers are installed near the

food preparation area.

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2. PARKING

Fig.25. Detectors, Speakers layout for Parking

PRESENTED BY : AAESHA QAMAR

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BUILDING SERVICES PRESENTED BY : ATHAR MANSURY SLIDE NO. : 16GUIDED BY : AR. MOHD. FIROZ ANWAR

Fig.26. Detectors, Speakers layout for Ground floor plan

3. GROUND FLOOR PLAN

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4. TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN

Fig.27. Detectors, Speakers layout for Typical floor plan

INFERENCES :

MERITS :-

• Fire and smoke detectors are properlyinstalled in its defined position.

• Concealed sprinklers installed.• Proper guidance system for the Guests.

DEMERITS :-

• The sprinkler’s position in the Guestroom is not aesthetically pleasing.

• No visual alarms installed.

PRESENTED BY : ATHAR MANSURY

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BUILDING SERVICES

BIBLIOGRAPHY•National building code(2005)•www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/bt/global/en/firesafety/firedetection•www.tyco.com/solutions/fire-detection#mini-form•www.buildings.com/article-details/articleid/5851/title/the-basics-of-passivefireprotection•www./hotels/radisson_blu_greater_noida-details-delhi.html

http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/bt/global/en/firesafety/firedetection

http://www.tyco.com/solutions/fire-detection

http://www.buildings.com/article-details/articleid/5851/title/the-basics-of-passive-fireprotection

http://www./hotels/radisson_blu_greater_noida-details-delhi.html

FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM IN HOTEL

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