A Publication of the

National Wildfire Coordinating Group

PMS 436-3

NFES 2220

Fire Behavior N omograms

MARCH 1992

The "Fire Behavior Nomograms" are excerpted from "How.to Predict the Spread and Intensity of Forest and Range Fuels", Richard C. Rothermel, June 1983, with the exception of the nomogram for fuel model #7 which was updated for this publication.

Additional copies of this publication may be ordered from the Great Basin Cache, National Interagency Fire Center, 3833 S. Development Ave., Boise ID 83705. Consult the current "NWCG NFES Catalog Part 2: Publications" at https://www.nwcg.gov/ for current prices and ordering procedures. Order NFES 2220.

t rr

"I'f

EFF~CT~VE

lvAjLU'

Of Vl/IN~S~EE~, ""

l/tt

D~A' FtJ

E~ MpU*U~E,

IPE~

C~Nl

~~~

I...

! I

1 ~ L

mlJ

...1i1

I b1

I

I ~

~ ~

::iT

""'C

l ~ 0

~

'I

II

I II

I I

I I

II

II

I \I

1 I

I I

1 I

V

1/

V

&. q

1~

~]\l'K.-

TrT

U-T

'r

1

1 11

11 1

II

I I

111

1/

11 I

I

/ I

I I

I I

I I

I ~

F- ..

~ I~

I ~ I~

-

;_~rkll\bL t \H

IlI lll

lllllllll ll

llfJ

lJnll

l~~

>

H

~ ~aI

T~\

1 \1

['b

ll Il

I II

It I

I I

I I I

I I

I II

I I

I I

I I

I I

IhY

A"'

A/

., ~

I.~

t i

~'.J

, 1\

I l1

'Jl r

l1n

I I

I I

I I I

I i

I II

I I

I I

I I

I ~~/

~

lSI I

I\

\ ~

I\ I

, Il'

k1

I\ I

I I

I I

I II

I I I

I I

I I

I I ~

!_

t" I

I ~\

I\ I\l

rTr

r-l'.

l\l

I I

I II

I I

III

I I

I I~

t 'I')1;~

III\\1K

tlMt

EU I1

11II111

tJ#f

ifllll

llllll

lllJ

II~i

t!I

IIM\l l\

l~ ~

I '

1?hL1

1 1 1~

1111 I

I I I

I I 1

I I

I III

I .

a ~

RA

iTE

IOFISP.E.D.

lcH~

I"'S

lJt

t,II

YI...

..-..

.,..,,.r-~Iiiii'"

! I

! I

I I

I !

I I

I I

I I

-!

! I

I I

I i

1 Ij

:1,,\'

!:1,,1

..1~lJ

.I ~t

, \,j~j~

ILJ~ I

I I~

I I -

r

tWn

: WJ

nd-c

triv~~

fire

o

f Ilo

w l~

ten~

jty

N

tjm

ay! be

ha~e

e"rat,~allv

l I f

l v

er

Ical

~J

I 1

I I~

I

1.--1

--1

1j

n~ -rr

ojii d

;-if-r-t

-a~ove 'nte~ect

eff

bct i

v~

wi ~d;pe~d

1 j h

e td

th

e Il

eft

lof

~A~/)fm

l ~

1-1/\]

/1 .

1~I

~

I I

[ne!

casn

fl

are

le

hg

th I

may

be

ov

~res

rlim

at'd

.

~..-k1_~"1 A

111 1

~ I I

I tr\.

1 i H

fV1 ~

... ld--

:t1

I

I I

JI !:

I ~=l~..;tZ

I/ l/

1/111 ~~~

I/ I ~y

[ I

!~J_

ll~J

_.LJ

::t:

:[ llj

I ~

--!-~~F-T:::('

]_ JA I I

f II

~ III

t I I

II I

V'C

] .....Jr

_~1

1 .Y

t'" I

I

I II

I

I +

IIIl

IITI

fFFD

P1TV

f IYI

tlli1

flf11

VIttlH~

11 Hftl

+

4

VI

I I

111

I II

I II

I II

~ 11

11 A

I ~

I V

I I C

\ J ~-.C~~~

I II

I I

Cft

V /

VI

I I

Y I

rT

i-rr

r II

~ J

n 1

I1I1

I /l

I I

Y-I

I )

~\)-

I I

I ~

~~~~~4+H+~~~~rrr~~~~

~IJ

JI!1

1

,-

TT

l !E

FF

Ect

iVE

WIN

"SP

lEE

D C

MlI

lIFL

AM

I) 1

1/11/1

/1 D

EAd

FV~L

L_Mj)HhuRE. lpER

CEINT

i i

I

11

11

11

1

11

11

11

11

11

11

1

11

11

1

11

1 [1

11

11

11

11

11

11

ttf+

EH

e ;l1li III

Ia.

I Ci= 15i I

~

I I I

- '

-- -

.--~ 1I.. ~a' .L -lliJW I""r ,","I

-- '--- .~-.-"-

-. "- -~. I -I-- c-.. I ' I I I ~Itt+rtl~

1'1 T IM~ER( [;l:I i 4' ~c;. a. II f\J n .D ~ t\c I I II~nl'~-/i'b-~iff: -

~- I--1-, .. p, 1 I . , 0 ., \.., , -H - I-" \ : \ l\ \ ~, .

:-~'" ., I

! \ I \ 1\ 1\ \ 1/ l'~~~

......... h f.'.'. i. 0 , \ \ . . !:'. 'Po\ 50 ~IY I- 1 I~ -._.1~5i~'~P~{!O , "1 ::; -- !~nlII:h; ~ ~iLJ II 1\ V,/ /b" ~ .-- u, H -t--- lie ., ,~ii - 1\ ,. \ " tAO ST ~RI ,

, It J ! II 4 !!'

~ J'~ '.I. .\ \ PE rtCI NT' 0 \~ \ \ I r'A ..... ; ; ij - "I'\.' .... \. 1\ " I \ !\ . 1\ ~- ~!!: i-'~ -- jj c u . I !\ "\ I\.. "'" - a""""" :; ~o - ~ ..... --- & ,,~ ._ L ~ ~ ... ~ E ~ if!V .- ,~ ~ \.. l- :: 3 \ .~1--1& /- -~ - I.;~ J......:: 1o ~ . ~ \ i\ I\. 1&1 11' L >.. ~ k:::; I ~ ~ .- 0 \ '\.J ~ ~ .;:. ;~ I \ ... - & / ,-~~ I r> . ~ 1\ I! '~

~ u. / _f--- ::;~ .. 1\ I\H~ 1&1~ m .- 10 0I" .!!7 -~ ~]..: ii \ >-

I 1\ 0111.Z E -

j...o" , c+f! .~

\

~

n ~ \ 1\ ( ~ .. t~ I I 1~~ 6

PEl CI NT SLPP I. W NI jo DJREtTI PN --~-

I+t~---t-t - =b1i

---~

---

--

I

-

-

I

[=-

It i t:I I I

,-

---

, .,.... ... '"''''-'' "" .. i''''''

3 l lAI L 'GI ~AI. ~ ( , f \ -l in IN \A'IflinCD a:: a:: nc 1:.0: A ulo: lTI.I r

.&

1 iO ..

I:: 11, , 1') \1,. '\ P 6 i \ ~V1\ \

\ 4 ' \ \ 1\ 1\ \

a f\ \ \ \ \ \ ~ ~ - 0 f\. \ \ l' !5 ? \ 1\ 'vI" ~ ~ ~ 2 l\."- \ ,\[\ \ \ \ \ f\

, It. !"

\~ .. ~ ,,'\ ,'\f\.\ ... ~ \ \ I '\ ~

.~ ~ 100 ~f"-"-~~f\\ l\ ~ \ ~ ~ " :I; 'u ~ ,,"-~l\."- ~'1\ c: \ \ \. i'-! 10 ~ "e .. ~~to~ [\.\t\\ C ~N= \. \ "- .. ~ . ~ ~ '5 \~ ~~to ~~ ~ \ 1\ $, ~~ .....

~ ~~~~~\. ! \ \ ......... 14 It\ " " ~ "\~~~~\ !! \ ~g...l&- t\. J "- .~. ' ... ~. I, . ,0 ..~ ~~~ ~ \ :(0 r-"7' -'" .........'""~ ....... ~ ,'" i""-- 16 ~ ~~~ f\. ... ~. u.......= 20 ::II\ 1\ x.. ...........

!5 ........ ~~ f'... V ....... ;J - ....V f""-.. r ~

. ..

~ ~ ::-~ ~r---. to- 24~ ?F 0 1 I .1

HI f,U PE FtU NIT AR :A BTl liS )F ~ -~ ~t-- t-

: .,..V / 20 \~~ -I- -~

~ r-i---- ~~ ~ -""""1'-., I~ a:

~ I V t~ --- 11 I Ii!

\\ ~" ---V 115 ,\ , ~----"""'" ~

"'" ~ p-v ~V ",~ ~ ~- --.i.~ V ;, !\ \sf:0- " ......... ~ I""" I ~ \ a ~ - .,..V 110 j'i \ \ 0- "-. i~ i 'v ---- ?--~ J ~ ;. i \ \ 0- ~ ) -~ - -/ ~ i~ ./ /' i .::. "0 \ \ ~- ~

V IIg!~ ~ ~ - ./v if ~~~ \ \ \ ~ ~rt- ~ IU I ........ "..- ./ V .. e ~ I~ ~ I \ \, \, , V ill &I ~ tt'""" ./ "'"" ,/ "0 I~ c e ~ I~ ~~ \ \ \ '" 1\ ~ ~ -;. - ","./ /" ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ \ \ \ ~ -.... r- "..~ -- ~ "" ." I~ \ \. ~Ii ~. Ii ~ \

i-- ........ " I~i \II / ~ \ ~ ",. ~r7 - " 1~ 2 .\r \~ " " fIIIIf' I 1 I ~ \ 1\.. ~ 1 I I=~ ~2 \

!

Vo 20 40 80 80 11011 120 6 5

~E" ~t: NI IN WI NLI UI ~I:' ;TlI INSU ,.".

I FU,",I 'U,",' 3 i- t lig~'" ""

1"1 T~ I I r.~D c I ~ II: 'T l u l~ ,A, ,.. i.... ft r ,., , , I " I .... I- '",-H-t """ i " ,

. " c IU a .. ~ 120:> ~ ~' .. .. .. '" '~ p .... t~ IV, " ~\\ \ \r-.. 1\ '\

1, I'

\ \\ ,\\ \ 1\ \ ['vi~ -'" \[\\ \\1 '\~11 \\ \\ 100 )- It 1\ \ l\ \ / ~~

Ii ~.I ~.,,\l\\ \ \ \ \ \ )" rett I:' ,. ~ ~ 2- "-~"~\ \~ S \ 1\ \ l 1\ 'iii ~

E t'0~'\L".\ \\\\1\\ ~ 801 I- II \ 1\ \ , ~ 2~~ ~ iii ~r0: ~t\\l\\ \ ~ \ \ -~p" l1li ~, ~ ~ ~~~\0 \\ 10 ~ \ 1\ !\. \ ",

rl il1601 \ ~ ~~~~\\ I ~ \ \ '~b. )

--r-"+ "-ttl ~ "-~~

1-

\ _ i ~0-\ I ~ 1\ I\. !!::~n m "-~~~[\ ! ~ I' \ \ '-.. " .... ~ ~

'\ \it ~~~\ , 1M - 14011- 1\\ ~ I i"C.f'. :i

"\~~~ ~ I ~ \ \\ _\ /'..... l"- i ~1 ~

Q ~ \[\. l'\.Il i~P...... ... '.:It) ~ I ~oc ..........1- .........1\ ~ I.... V ...... b. r-ro,-UUr-r- -22j!~~ p

I T , EF

FEqT

I\fE VA~UE

loF

lwIj

ND.P

'EoL

~I/~

.p

EAiD

'UE~ "'

OIST

~R~,

P~RqEN'

.1

~

I 1

...&

~ iCI

II ~ !

~

1;:;1

I (;

, ICD

I

_q.

I '"

o (

,...

I-~

OK

i I

I II

II II

I

I I

I II

II

I I

II

I I

. I

J ~

...1

Y

17 1

.~

I 1

.,'

( -.

t I~

~~f\

t1\I

~ I\I

\ I\11\

I~ I\I

TTlI

IIII

I11 ~;r

l.;rrTJ

;l"t

'll I

I I

~

-! I I

:

c;&~~K

Iffi

~ ~-I

\ 1\1

\ I\1

~ 111

11 1/1

r19

;U1'~~'1~'

1,}'+'

l '

II

I 1

-'

I I

I l

!

~\:

~

\ ~\

1\ \

1\

---

,..........

........

i

1>-

\.

\ 1\

'\

,-\

I "f

'j i1

7H:;

-r

",.."

l'.

~ !

~ ,\ '

\

, ~,,

"-l

\ ,

~"/~

I

!nr~

4f1t

~ r~

iUElo~W'DP E

LI

=:=

!~I

Io!

I !

I 1-

H

gBl

;gl\ll

flj\H 1\1 \

111

1111

11

11

0 i~

~. '

I ~~~.

" as

, 1\ 1\

I 'J~~

1\ I

1 I \

1 ~

I \1

1\ I

II I

III

I I

!

lA~1~r L

,f-"-i

i ,

J....

Ii1 t

I \J

\1 ~

l \1

N

\ I

tl_J

~ __

JUL

III

Lt. L

_1IL

I I

I I /

A~~r

l>1'

~ T

L~r;

"

21 !I

t-I

i\.l.

L\ L

~ I\

I~I\

I \

I\ I

~ I \

1II

I I I

I I

r 1YXA~

~J"

l L..

~""1

I0

1:;.J...

~~....

I......

;

t I

I\J\

I \

~ I ~I~ l\ I

~

1\ I 'I

I I

III

I I ~t~~.,t]

~...t""

Lj _

.J......j..

....

q!t

-I

I ~

\ 1\

1\1

\ L\

Ll'i.

\l l

L\

l ~I l

I II

I IM

1.,1

-_.J

'r 1....]

.....;

i ~tJ

__ LJl\L~

.1. .1\

1. 'i

J\

l~\ll

J.~t

k.. J.-

1 11.

I Af

~'l,,"rJ..

..~

~"

"f!_

_+t

t:fipl~\U11VM

l IIWiJ

, I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

III ~-

I I

I I

I IMl

r",LA

tU t'

rDrP~i

' I

I j I

I I

I_I

! I

~ JAT

l jF~

PRiAt'

i_1Nth

l I I ~

II-t :

-t4

ti' J

J --

Lrl

I

L

. IT

II i

c .. n

d-ol

r; v~~

f; rle

.... ~~

l.. 't.n

~1

..........

1.....

..1___

.

_ fi"

. .

"~

NO

':

....-1.;;

O

f ho

w.. .~

.; ty .

...1.

...... ....1

...

..1.....

.... 1J

d.l...

lJ... I Y

.. ....

hiIt't

'r.

...-t

::::;;

l ~

~h_~~_~~

. __

er I~

____

_ 1 _

__

___ L

_ ___

_______ ___

__ ____

__ ____

__ __ ,

____ _

_ _~~"'--

La"'X

XJ2

1ZIZ

fZJZ

JZ1I

t It. i~1

fl it

L1:

n.... I

~"'l!~iJ~.J2

I !:

> 0 " I' ... ~

, ~ / - ./ ~ 0" . I\. = I"

.~ ~ ~ .-V 1/ ; ~ . c E '\ [j ~.

u c ~ II J.--v ~ V " , t?~ 12 P.:. II. j&I ~ e.:: , 1&110'" :" ~l-1 I........ u ~ ~

v >- c~ - ." k I I I I I 0 ~-'""'" '" IUO ,2~ 40 60 8( 10D 121 .- i PEF CE!\IT Isu PE IN WI~D DI ~EC TIC N

-, , ,

I.... !... I. ... ......., ......... "... .~ r-- ~-'' .. r" I ,-

9. IH. 'R DV1(0lou 11in IR -L 0' f+I '" U ~o :p rl= 1)5 , ..

~ I I Aft. I~ ~ Ir. ~T

3P \ C

r ~ , . ~\. \ ~ t il. ...... . ( .r

j , ~,!; \ \ I (ell '\ '\,\ '\ \ r~ 1\ , /

!!i 1 '\,\[\ ~ \ \ ~ 't/, ~

1 24 r IW ., ""'-.." ,"\l\' '\ ~ \ \ J

1\ ~ ~

~ ~l "~~~ \\ ~ \ !; r- k>L

~ ~ ~I ,,~r0t'0 ~l\ I"c \ t!l ,.\ '\ ~

J ;I '7q I""I ~, f:::~~~~[\'\l\ ~ ~ ...... , ~ ~ 14iii ~~~ ~ \~ "- '\ .,

~ ~~~~ ~ i"-j !5 """ ~ " ~

~ I::!: I.. 11 1~ ' ~~~~f\ L~ I ", ! i:

N ~ .... 1B~ "'" ~~~i:\ "~ \ "- I ~...... -III , - ...... -L ~ ~o~ ....~ ~

\ / i'.. .........

i'" ~ -" )~

~ ,5 ~:4~~ oJ -4 I I,

IJ )VV

I,U::, ~I 'I=D liN IT A ~ g 1"11 I:n II=T= - t5 - 1/ I~ .~.. I ~ '" ......... -- i--- - ~ -.......... --.. -:---I- ... l-f--: I- ~~0 ......... r---.... - ., ::lI- ...... ~ L "", !O ~\ \" r---.. r--... ;- """ "- " ...... --..I' / '\ \~ " ~ 3 ii" - ,.J.:""--- \\ \\ ~ "~ ~ " !""" ID, - gV ~ \ \ \ I'-... " ~ ... ~,., """ " " ! ~ ;~ ~ \ :\ i\ \I!!' ~

s: 1! ........ \ \ " "\ kJ ........ I\. c'" ~ I""'" ~0 -.,l- i-" ~ ,- \""",- i.~ '0 !\ \ \ '" ~ i:, / ~ ,.., V i--'"" ~ 'I~] ~ 1 \ \ '" 5 ~t--'"l! \ \

~ U J -'"'"'" V ~ ~ i @~ ! ,~ \ \ \ \ .'\. '" '\ ,...-~,.., \ ~ ~ -t.,....oo ~ .....::: ~ 10 - ~~ .~ i , i\ [\ '\ 8: ",. i""'" ,,~ 1/ - ..,.. v ~ ~ ; ~ 1\ \ \ 1\ ~ - ~ '.~ " \! ...... V ~ l~g :0 ~ i \ \ \

Ii V ,..".., ........ i""'" ~ ~ ~ ~ 1\ i\ 1\ "\ l- t'" !""" ~ .] oJ ~""" j .~ \ \ \ 7

: ~ ;;:'lL ,.".h"" I I I I I IH ~

~ \ 1\,0rO 120 40 160 IBO 100 120 9 8 PI :RClENITS LOI IE IN VINP [JIR ~c- lor

I 1

I

I I

I I

. I!

! I

I !

I ~ FE~TI~E ~A U

J 0 ~

NJ ~!

,~El

~, _~~/

~_

l ~

D

UE

JI

j O

I$T

lIR

E

P R

qEN

II ~Iit

~ rIf Iffi

hi11Ir i

ll t11

11

1 1

1 1

1 1

1

1 fIf

1!IM~

II L

_~~1-\

1 ~':i

l l

~ II

I II

III

II

I l~li

JJ1J_

Jl1~

.L~U

~_ LJ_

1 Y~XAA~

O-~l

~\ ~

IlNJ

1L~~

U~Jl_

I _1Lt

_J.J

II I

.JI

L.1

L.J

L 1

_LJ

I~~"

:

~

cOQI

~I-

I\I\

I\lr'hj

LH

I ~..

1\1

11\

1 "

III

I 11

11

I III

1 I~~~I

I I

'!J

-~

rTi l

I-I

\J:11

I '\

1 N

\ I

I 1

\ 1

m 1

\1

IIL

1L I

III

L~

__ lJ_U~~

! IL_

l! ~

~ ZI!r

l ~\ ~

1\1

l ltll I

\1 II

I \1

I\LI

I JIJ

JL

I.I

I I~

I I

I II

I I ~

~I

~ I

1"'i\

I\ I

'~ 'l\

1\1

1\J

~.. II

I l

III I

I 1

III

I I

i I~

I II

I r;

Ilil:K

LIJ~lll

INW

JtlIJW_~

IIII

IIII

II IIJ

II Ii !

j 2!

lllll

,\\\~ I\

I ~

1\ 1\

1 ~

I~I\III

II~

l1r ll :

-,~

l--I

I ~\.

\l \

,1\

1 \I

1\ Ii

l

, I \

I

~ N

..

. I

..,

I "

I I ~

I I B

I I U

I "

!I1I'-"IfA""~ If1",uar~IfU

l"~~Ltt

ttr

'ls'fJ ff

I bI I

4I I

I I I

I o

iii

Ig

I I

Oi

b I ~

I I

I o

--'---

-, --

---

I\r.~~

:J:

I --

~-9

. T ' '''~

.Y.i''

eharer

ali

I ly

; ',f

vert

c.

1

""

I ~I=

F'f

. ~...II.

-+-+

11

1\

fro

ch

a

t ab

ve

In

ter

ee

ts

#/),.

.......

--r

l ell

eli

v

1