Fire basics 1-4-risers_thru_power_supplies_08

Fire Alarm System Fire Alarm System FundamentalsFundamentals

Why do we install fire alarm systems?Why do we install fire alarm systems? Fire alarm systems classificationFire alarm systems classification Fire alarm system componentsFire alarm system components Electrical requirementsElectrical requirements

Riser diagramRiser diagram

Design fundamentalsDesign fundamentals

Codes and standardsCodes and standards

TTTrouble OutputTrouble Output

SS SS SS SS

Smoke DetectorsSmoke Detectors

PP HH PP

Manual Pull StationsManual Pull Stations

InitiatingInitiatingDeviceDeviceCircuitsCircuits(IDC)(IDC)

HH HH HH

Heat DetectorsHeat Detectors

Primary PowerPrimary PowerDedicated 120VACDedicated 120VAC

SecondarySecondaryPowerPower

Battery-setBattery-set

AnnunciatorAnnunciator

Fire Alarm Fire Alarm Control PanelControl Panel

HSHS HSHS HSHS HSHS HSHSNotification Appliance CircuitsNotification Appliance Circuits

(NAC)(NAC)

Riser DiagramRiser Diagram

EOLEOLResistorResistor

11

44

22

33

55

66

77 88 99 1010

1111

1212

1313

ConventionalConventionalvs. Addressablevs. Addressable

ConventionalConventionalFire Alarm Fire Alarm Control PanelControl Panel

AddressableAddressableFire Alarm Fire Alarm Control PanelControl Panel

Initiating Device Circuit (IDC)Initiating Device Circuit (IDC)

Signaling Line Circuit (SLC)Signaling Line Circuit (SLC)

11 11 11 11 11 11


Why do we install fire alarm systems?Why do we install fire alarm systems? Fire alarm systems classificationFire alarm systems classification Fire alarm system componentsFire alarm system components Electrical requirementsElectrical requirements Riser diagramRiser diagram

Design fundamentalsDesign fundamentals


Design FundamentalsDesign Fundamentals

• #1 with a bullet! Identify the AHJ#1 with a bullet! Identify the AHJ– Develop a relationshipDevelop a relationship– Discover their requirementsDiscover their requirements– C-o-m-m-u-n-i-c-a-t-eC-o-m-m-u-n-i-c-a-t-e

• What are the occupancy requirements?What are the occupancy requirements?– Where are occupancy requirements found?Where are occupancy requirements found?

• Thorough site survey & plans reviewThorough site survey & plans review


Why do we install fire alarm systems?Why do we install fire alarm systems? Fire alarm systems classificationFire alarm systems classification Fire alarm system componentsFire alarm system components Electrical requirementsElectrical requirements Riser diagramRiser diagram Design fundamentalsDesign fundamentals


Codes & StandardsCodes & Standards• Code vs. standardCode vs. standard

• What is the code in your state?What is the code in your state?

• Permit application requirementsPermit application requirements

• Performance vs. prescriptivePerformance vs. prescriptive


1 1 AdministrationAdministration22 Referenced PublicationsReferenced Publications33 DefinitionsDefinitions4 – 9 Reserved (Future Use)4 – 9 Reserved (Future Use)

NFPA 72 - ChaptersChapters 1 thru 9


1.1 Scope1.1 Scope1.2 Purpose1.2 Purpose1.3 Application1.3 Application3.1,2,3 Definitions3.1,2,3 Definitions

NFPA 72 - ChaptersChapters 1 thru 9


NFPA 72 covers the application, NFPA 72 covers the application, installation, location, performance, and installation, location, performance, and maintenance of fire alarm systems and maintenance of fire alarm systems and their components.their components.

1.1 Scope


1.1 Scope1.1 Scope1.2 Purpose1.2 Purpose1.3 Application1.3 Application3.1,2,3 Definitions3.1,2,3 Definitions

NFPA 72 ChaptersChapters 1 thru 9 cont.


1.2.1 The reason for this Code is to define the means 1.2.1 The reason for this Code is to define the means of signal initiation, transmission, notification, and of signal initiation, transmission, notification, and annunciation; the levels of performance; and the annunciation; the levels of performance; and the reliability of the various types of fire alarm systems.reliability of the various types of fire alarm systems.

1.2.2 This Code defines the features associated with 1.2.2 This Code defines the features associated with those systems and also provides information those systems and also provides information necessary to modify or upgrade an existing system necessary to modify or upgrade an existing system to meet the requirements of a particular system to meet the requirements of a particular system classification.classification.

1.2 Purpose


1.2.3 This Code establishes minimum required 1.2.3 This Code establishes minimum required levels of performance, extent of redundancy, and levels of performance, extent of redundancy, and quality of installation but does not establish the quality of installation but does not establish the only methods by which these requirements will be only methods by which these requirements will be achieved.achieved.

1.2.4 This Code shall not be interpreted to require a 1.2.4 This Code shall not be interpreted to require a level of fire protection that is greater than that level of fire protection that is greater than that which would otherwise be required by the which would otherwise be required by the applicable building or fire code.applicable building or fire code.

1.2 Purpose cont.


1.1 Scope1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose1.2 Purpose

1.3 Application1.3 Application3.1,2,3 Definitions3.1,2,3 Definitions



Fire alarm systems will be classified as follows: Fire alarm systems will be classified as follows: (1) Household fire alarm systems(1) Household fire alarm systems(2) Protected premises fire alarm systems(2) Protected premises fire alarm systems(3) Supervising station fire alarm systems (3) Supervising station fire alarm systems (a) Central station fire alarm systems(a) Central station fire alarm systems(b) Remote supervising station fire alarm systems(b) Remote supervising station fire alarm systems(c) Proprietary supervising station fire alarm systems(c) Proprietary supervising station fire alarm systems(4) Public fire reporting systems (4) Public fire reporting systems (a) Auxiliary fire alarm systems — local energy type(a) Auxiliary fire alarm systems — local energy type(b) Auxiliary fire alarm systems — shunt type(b) Auxiliary fire alarm systems — shunt type

1.3 Application


1.3.2 Any reference or implied reference to a 1.3.2 Any reference or implied reference to a particular type of hardware will be for the purpose particular type of hardware will be for the purpose of clarity and will not be interpreted as an of clarity and will not be interpreted as an endorsement.endorsement.

1.3.3 The intent and meaning of the terms used in 1.3.3 The intent and meaning of the terms used in this Code will be, unless otherwise defined herein, this Code will be, unless otherwise defined herein, the same as those of NFPA 70, National Electrical the same as those of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code®.Code®.

1.3 Application


1.1 Scope1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose1.2 Purpose 1.3 Application1.3 Application

3.1,2,3 Definitions3.1,2,3 Definitions



ApprovedApprovedCeiling SurfacesCeiling SurfacesFire Alarm SystemFire Alarm SystemLabeledLabeledListedListedSupplementarySupplementary

3 Definitions


1.1 Scope1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose1.2 Purpose 1.3 Application1.3 Application 3.1,2,3 Definitions3.1,2,3 Definitions



10.1 Fundamentals10.1 Fundamentals10.5 Documentation10.5 Documentation

NFPA 72 ChapterChapter 10


10.1 Application10.1 Application

10.1.1 The basic functions of a complete fire 10.1.1 The basic functions of a complete fire alarm system will comply with the alarm system will comply with the requirements of this chapter.requirements of this chapter.

10.1.2 The requirements of this chapter will 10.1.2 The requirements of this chapter will apply to fire alarm systems, equipment, apply to fire alarm systems, equipment, and components addressed in Chapter 5 and components addressed in Chapter 5 through Chapter 10.through Chapter 10.


10.4.1 System Designer10.4.1 System Designer10.4.1.1 Fire alarm and emergency communication 10.4.1.1 Fire alarm and emergency communication

system plans and specifications shall be developed in system plans and specifications shall be developed in accordance with this Code by persons who are accordance with this Code by persons who are experienced in the proper design, application, experienced in the proper design, application, installation, and testing of fire alarm systems.installation, and testing of fire alarm systems.

10.4.1.3 The system designer shall provide evidence of 10.4.1.3 The system designer shall provide evidence of their qualifications when requested by the AHJtheir qualifications when requested by the AHJ

10.4.1.4 The system designer shall be identified on the 10.4.1.4 The system designer shall be identified on the system design documents. system design documents.


10.5.1 Scope. 10.5.1 Scope. The provisions of this section shall apply to power supplies used for protected premises fire alarm systems, supervising station alarm systems, public emergency alarm reporting systems, and emergency communications systems and equipment.

10.5.2 Code Conformance. 10.5.2 Code Conformance. All power supplies shall be installed in conformity with the requirements of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, for such equipment and with the requirements indicated in this subsection.

10.5 Power Supplies


10.5.3.2 10.5.3.2 Unless configured in compliance with 10.5.4, at least two independent and reliable power supplies shall be provided, one primary and one secondary.

10.5.3.4 Monitoring the integrity of power supplies shall be in accordance with 10.5.9.6.

4.4.1.3 Power Supply Sources


10.5.5.1 Dedicated Branch Circuit. A dedicated branch circuit of one of the following shall supply primary power:

(1) Commercial light and power(2) An engine-driven generator or equivalent in accordance with

10.5.10.2, where a person specifically trained in its operation is on duty at all times

(3) An engine-driven generator or equivalent arranged for cogeneration with commercial light and power in accordance with 10.5.10.2, where a person specifically trained in its operation is on duty at all times

10.5.5 Primary Power Supply


SECONDARY SUPPLY CAPACITY & SOURCESSECONDARY SUPPLY CAPACITY & SOURCESProtected premises, central station, proprietary – 24 Protected premises, central station, proprietary – 24

hrs standby + 5 minutes alarmhrs standby + 5 minutes alarmAuxiliary & remote signaling – 24 hrs standby + 15 Auxiliary & remote signaling – 24 hrs standby + 15

minutes alarmminutes alarmVoice evacuation – 24 hrs standby + 15hrs alarm at Voice evacuation – 24 hrs standby + 15hrs alarm at

maximum connected loadmaximum connected loadShall include a 20 percent safety marginShall include a 20 percent safety margin

10.5.6.3 Power Supply Capacity


10.5.7.1 The secondary power supply will 10.5.7.1 The secondary power supply will automatically automatically provide power to the protected premises fire alarm provide power to the protected premises fire alarm system within 10 secondssystem within 10 seconds, whenever the primary , whenever the primary power supply fails to provide the minimum voltage power supply fails to provide the minimum voltage required for proper operation.required for proper operation.

10.5.7.2 The secondary power supply shall 10.5.7.2 The secondary power supply shall automatically provide power to the supervising station automatically provide power to the supervising station facility and equipment within 60 seconds whenever facility and equipment within 60 seconds whenever the primary power supply fails to provide the the primary power supply fails to provide the minimum voltage required for proper operation.minimum voltage required for proper operation.

10.5.7.3 Required signals shall not be lost, interrupted, 10.5.7.3 Required signals shall not be lost, interrupted, or delayed by more than 10 seconds as a result of the or delayed by more than 10 seconds as a result of the primary power failure.primary power failure.

10.5.7 Continuity of Power Supplies


10.5.9.3.1 Adequate facilities shall be 10.5.9.3.1 Adequate facilities shall be provided to automatically maintain provided to automatically maintain the battery fully charged under all the battery fully charged under all conditions of normal operation.conditions of normal operation.

10.5.9.3.2 Adequate facilities shall be 10.5.9.3.2 Adequate facilities shall be provided to recharge batteries provided to recharge batteries within 48 hours after fully charged within 48 hours after fully charged batteries have been subject to a batteries have been subject to a single discharge cycle as specified single discharge cycle as specified in 4.4.1.5.3.in 4.4.1.5.3.

10.5.9.3.3 Upon attaining a fully 10.5.9.3.3 Upon attaining a fully charged condition, the charge rate charged condition, the charge rate shall not be so excessive as to shall not be so excessive as to result in battery damage.result in battery damage.

10.5.9.3 Battery Charging


10.5.9.3.4 Batteries shall be either trickle- or 10.5.9.3.4 Batteries shall be either trickle- or float-charged.float-charged.

10.5.9.3.5 Supervising stations shall maintain 10.5.9.3.5 Supervising stations shall maintain spare parts or units available, which shall be spare parts or units available, which shall be used to restore failed charging capacity prior used to restore failed charging capacity prior to the consumption of one-half of the to the consumption of one-half of the capacity of the batteries for the supervising capacity of the batteries for the supervising station equipment.station equipment.

10.5.9.4.1 The batteries shall be protected 10.5.9.4.1 The batteries shall be protected against excessive load current by overcurrent against excessive load current by overcurrent devices.devices.

10.5.9.3 Battery Charging cont.


10.5.9.5 Metering. The charging equipment shall provide either integral 10.5.9.5 Metering. The charging equipment shall provide either integral meters or readily accessible terminal facilities for the connection of meters or readily accessible terminal facilities for the connection of portable meters by which the battery voltage and charging current portable meters by which the battery voltage and charging current can be determined.can be determined.

10.5.9.6 Monitoring Integrity of Battery Charger.

10.5.9.6.1 Means for monitoring integrity appropriate for the batteries and charger employed shall be provided to detect a battery charger failure.

10.5.9.6.2 Failure of the battery charger shall result in the initiation of a trouble signal in accordance with Section 10.12.

10.5.9.4 Overcurrent Protection.


10.5.10.3.1.1 Engine-driven generators used to provide secondary power for a protected premises fire alarm system or an emergency communications system shall comply with NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, Chapter 4, requirements for a Type 10, Class 24, Level 1 system.

10.5.10.3.1.2 …shall be in accordance with NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 700.

10.5.10.5 Capacity. The unit shall be of a capacity that is 10.5.10.5 Capacity. The unit shall be of a capacity that is sufficient to operate the system under the maximum normal sufficient to operate the system under the maximum normal load conditions in addition to all other demands placed upon load conditions in addition to all other demands placed upon the unit.the unit.

10.5.10 Engine-driven generators


10.5.10.6 Fuel.10.5.10.6 Fuel.

10.5.10.6 Fuel. Unless otherwise required or permitted in 10.5.10.6.1 through 10.5.10.6.3, fuel shall be available in storage sufficient for 6 months of testing plus the capacity specified in 10.5.6.

Fire basics 1-4-risers_thru_power_supplies_08

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Transcript of Fire basics 1-4-risers_thru_power_supplies_08