Fiorentini Geochemistry

Training, Consulting, Analysis

Petroleum Geochemistry

All technical and economic decisions in the oil industry depend on

an understanding of fluid properties.

The main budget items in oil and gas field development (well count, surface facilities) depend on fluid properties like viscosity, molecular composition and gas-to-oil ratio. Many sour gas and shale gas accumulations have compositional gradients with highly variable fluid compositions, creating large uncertainties in development economics. Geochemical methods to confine the uncertainty in fluid properties will allow oil companies to optimise well placements and recovery efficiency.

Crude Oil PriceFlow Rate

Reserve Estimates Flow Assurance

System Selection

Seismic Amplitude,Basin Modeling

Development Planning

Prospect Ranking

E&P AssetManagement

E&P Profitability

FLUID PROPERTIES

Punta Arenas

London

Dubai

CanberraPerth

Kuala Lumpur

Buenos Aires

Villahermosa

Lima

2014 Training Locations

Sour Gas Well Evaluations – Abu Dhabi

Shah

Shuwaihat

Bab

Arab C,D reservoirs23 – 28 % H2S

BB427101V : BAB-427Scale : 1 : 800

DEPTH (10800.FT - 11550.FT) 9/3/2006 15:15DB : IP Project - UAE Regional (210)

DEPTHFT

CORE:Core No10. 0.

Orig:GR1 (GAPI)0. 80.

Orig:IMPH (OHMM)0.2 2000.

Orig:RT (OHMM)0.2 2000.

Orig:RHOB (G/C3)1.95 2.95

Orig:NPHI (CFCF)45. -15.

Orig:DT (US/F)140. 40.

Msol:PhiT (dec)0. 0.4CORE:CPOR (%)

0. 40.

Orig:SW (CFCF)100. 0.

Msol:VLime (dec)0. 1.

Msol:VDol (dec)0. 1.

Msol:VAndydrite (dec)0. 1.

Msol:PhiT (dec)1. 0.

HABSHAN

HITH

UPPER ARAB

LOWER ARAB

JUBAILA

HABSHAN

HITH

Arab - Salina/Sabkha

Arab -Tidal Flat/Lag

Arab - Barrier Shoal

Arab - Mid to Outer

JUBAILA pt

10900

11000

11100

11200

11300

11400

11500

Habshan

Jubaila

LithologyGR Res Den/Neu/Sonic Por SwDepthFormation FaciesOu

terRa

mp

Limestone

Dolomite

Anhydrite

Porosity

ManifaGross

(ft)Net(ft)

NTG(%)

POR(%)

20% 5%735

39% 9%75208

11% 7%3289

60% 12%132312

47% 6%3668

0% 2%033

97% 10%120124

9% 5%19207

0% 2%0146

38% 9%70316

MinAvgMax

Well avg MinTotal Avg

Well avg Max

MinAvgMax

MinAvgMax

Based on a Por cutoff of 2%Sa

lina/S

abkh

a/La

goon

alUp Arab

Salin

aSa

bkhaHith

Tidal Flat

Barri

er Sh

oal

(Ool

ite)

Lr Arab

Mid

to O

uter

Ramp

Arab A,B reservoirs5 – 28 % H2S

Predicting H2S and CO2 Concentrations in GasFrom residual condensate in core samples

6

Fluid Property Mapping:Semi-volatile aromatics: C4 Naphthalenes, Dibenzothiophenes

1,2,5,6-TeMN 1,3,6,7-TeMN

1,2,5,7-TeMN 1,2,3,6-TeMN

Bacteria

Land Plants(Gymnosperms)

Land Plants(Angiosperms) Coral/Algae

Generation

Generation Generation

Equilibration

23/07/2014 10

1.3,

5,7

-Tet

ram

eth

yln

apht

hal

ene

1.3,

6,7

-Tet

ram

eth

yln

apht

hal

ene

1,2,

4,6

+ 1

,2,4

,7 +

1.4

,6,7

-Tet

ram

ethy

lnap

hth

ale

nes

1.2.

5,7

-Tet

ram

eth

yln

apht

hal

ene

2.3,

6,7

-Tet

ram

eth

yln

apht

hal

ene

1.2,

6,7

-Tet

ram

eth

yln

apht

hal

ene

1.2,

3,7

-Tet

ram

eth

yln

apht

hal

ene

1.2,

3,6

-Tet

ram

eth

yln

apht

hal

ene

1.2,

5,6

+ 1

,2,3

,5-T

etra

met

hyln

apht

hal

ene

s

28.00 30.00 32.00 34.00 36.00 38.00 40.00 42.00 44.00 46.00 48.00 50.00 52.00 54.00 56.00

Ion 184

46.50 47.00 47.50 48.00 48.50 49.00 49.50 50.00 50.50 51.00 51.50

Nap

hth

ale

ne

Methylnaphthalenes

Dimethylnaphthalenes

Semi-volatile aromatics: C4 Naphthalenes, merged ion chromatogram

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

0.000.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.09

Molecular Parameter

%CO

2in

Gas

Prediction of gas composition from molecular parameters measured on core/cuttings samples.

Relationship between H2S, CO2 and molecular composition of condensate

Shale Gas Well Evaluations – Argentina, Chile

Sample and Data Acquisition

Interpretation and reporting

Analysis

Ctgs. For FISComposition,Isotopes

Mud gas GC

Mud gas Isotubes Gas composition

Mud gas Mass Spec

Gas composition

Ctgs. For FIS

Gas Desorption

Adsorption Isotherm

Plugging TOC, RE

Gas composition, isotopes

Mud Gas

Canister core

Conventional core

Extract Analysis

Volume of gas in place, adsorbed and

free gas storage capacity

Gas maturity from composition and isotopes: in-situ

generated or migrated? Free gas or

adsorbed?

SR type , maturity, richness

Visual Kerogen Analysis

TOC, RE

1

2

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

Gas Isotopes8

1.1 %Ro

1.0 %Ro

0.9 %Ro

0.8 %Ro

0.7%Ro

Oil producing wells: Gas producing wells:

Fluid Property mapping of Shale Oil – USA, Abu Dhabi, Oman

Andrew Murray• Fiorentini Consultant since 2014, based in Perth• Principle Petroleum Systems Advisor at Woodside Energy Ltd. • Associate Editor of “Organic Geochemistry”• Ph.D in Petroleum Geochemistry, Curtin University• Formerly Senior Research Scientist, Geoscience Australia and

Lecturer Universiti Brunei Darussalam• Three years working in the Shell R&D centre, the Hague on

research and technical services

Peter Nederlof• Fiorentini Consultant since 2013, based in Abu Dhabi• Lecturer in industry and academia with EAGE, NExT and EPTS • Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Amsterdam, Post-

doc Stanford University, USA • Geochemical consultant with Shell in the Netherlands,

Canada, Oman, USA (1978 – 2011)