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The Administrative State: Conclusion
By: Dwight Waldo
Presentation By: James TrubiaWestfield State University
Administrative Theory CRJU 0624-501Dr. Rizzo
February 3, 2015
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Woodrow Wilson is considered founding father
Defined the objective of Administration as “the study to discover, first what government can properly and successfully do, and secondly, how it can do these proper things with the utmost efficiency, and the least possible cost”
Created the Political-Administration dichotomy
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Separation of politics and administration
Comparative analysis of political and private organizations
Improve efficiency with business-life practices
Improve effectiveness of service through management and training
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Frederick Taylor became a prominent figure in administration and management theory
Published a booked entitled “The Principles of Scientific Management”
Idea was scientific analysis best ways to carry out operations
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Replace work methods with scientific study
Scientifically train and develop each employee
Provide detailed instruction and supervision of each employee
Divide work equally between managers and workers so scientific methods can be applied
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Dwight Waldo became a prominent figure for administration
Developed the “Administrative State”
His theories later became known as Waldoian
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American political scientist
Defining figure in modern public administration
Against a technical portrayal of bureaucracy and government
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:
Excerpt from Waldo’s book “The Administrative State”.
Composed in 1948 and later revised in 1984
Challenged scholars’ view of public administration during the 20th century
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Idea/Term came about in early 1900s
Intellectual development of public administration
The political-administration dichotomy is false Woodrow Wilson
Waldoian Approach Administration is not separate
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Administration is claimed to be at the core of modern democratic government
This CLAIM helps justify the entire disciple of public administration
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If this claim has merit, then it implies two thoughts, Democratic theory must deal with administration Administrative theory must deal with democratic
politics
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Nature of the “Good Life” What a good society looks like
Action Procedures for determining how decisions are
made Who should rule? How the powers of the state should be
divided and apportioned (Divided powers) Centralization vs. decentralization
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“Orthodox” ideology Indication of a quality of general agreement Certain general beliefs predominated
Efficiency Political claim Input-output ratio
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Consist of 4 Characteristics
1. Democracy = Efficiency
The two terms thought to be synonymous
Referring to bureaucracy
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2. Government work was though to be divisible into two parts
Decisions and execution
Politics administration dichotomy
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3. Execution is a science based on firm scientific principles for administration
Easily discoverable and applied
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4. Values of business management apply to government administration
Practices lead to success
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The term itself is a value and it can run counter to other variables Such as democratic participation
Efficiency can not remain the disciplines talisman against politics. Why? Efficiency is a political claim.
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By specialization of the task among the group
By arranging the members of a group in hierarchy of authority
By limiting the span of control at any point in hierarchy to a small number
Grouping workers according to purpose, process, and place
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1. Fundamental tension between democracy, efficiency, and bureaucracy that protect democratic principles.
2. PA dictotomy is wrong. Public servants hold political positions that require implementing policy by elected officials.
3. Public servants must negotiate efficiencies demanded by scientific management with due process and public access to government.
4. Government cannot be run like business. Constitution must be honored.
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Held in patronage for Waldo in 1968 Brought about the idea of “New Public
Administration” consisting of Democratic citizenship Public interest Public policy Services to citizens