Fingerprint Analysisschools.misd.org/upload/template/22149/Fingerprints.pdf · •1905 U.S. Army...
Transcript of Fingerprint Analysisschools.misd.org/upload/template/22149/Fingerprints.pdf · •1905 U.S. Army...
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Fingerprint Analysis
Bud & Patti Bertino
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Fingerprints Formation
• Skin produce secretions oil, salts
• Dirt combines with secretions
• Secretions stick to unique ridge
patterns on skin
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Did You Know?
• Fingerprints are unique
• Form before birth in dermal papillae
• Never change
• Return after scarring or burning
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History of
Fingerprinting
• B.C. Chinese first used fingerprints
• 1886 fingerprints for ID purposes
• 1891 first ‘10 card’
• 1902 first murder solved using
fingerprints
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1891
University @ Lyon
Ferroprussinate was
used as the developer.
Source: Evidence
Technology, Nov-Dec 2007
First handprint
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• 1905 U.S. Army uses fingerprints
• 1946 100 Millionth 10 card
• 1975 FBI introduces AFISAutomated
Fingerprint
Identification
System
• 2007 Department of Homeland Security has 63 million records
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Types of Fingerprints
• Patent or Visible on smooth surfaces
• Latent or invisible
• Plastic: prints found in soft materials
such as soap
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A famous set of prints
John
Dillinger
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Making your ‘10 Card’
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Who’s fingerprint?
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Source: www.virtualsciencefair.org
Human
Chimp
Koala
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Latent Fingerprints
• Treated with powders or chemicals
enhance ridge pattern
• Ninhydrin
• Super glue
• Iodine
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How are latent prints obtained?
• Iodine fuming
• Ninhydrin
• Super glue
• Super glue
+NaOH
treatment
• Toxic & over-develops
• Toxic & fades in two
days
• Toxic
• Toxic
Method Effect
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Fingerprints and Gloves
• Prints can be formed through surgical
gloves
• Prints left on the inside of gloves can be
lifted
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Fingerprint Pattern Types
L(oops) A(rches) W(horls)
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Loop 65% Core
Delta
One delta only
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Loops
Two types:
Pinky side – ulnar
Thumb side - radial
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Plain Arch
4 percentTented Arch
1 percent
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Whorl Patterns
• Whorls occur in 30% of fingerprint patterns
PLAIN 24% CENTRAL POCKET 2%
Two deltas
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Whorl Patterns
DOUBLE LOOP 4% ACCIDENTAL .01%
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Fingerprint Patterns
• F.B.I recognizes eight basic
patterns
• Ten basic details within the
patterns (minutiae)
• 12 identical points were
necessary for a match
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Balloon Thumbprint
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Minutiae patterns
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Ridge Minutiae
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Identify some ridge patterns
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Minutiae
Ending ridges
Bifurcations
Dots
Islands
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Identify Minutiae patterns
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CSI vs. The Real World
• AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System) can search back 99 years
• Lack of standardization
• AFIS searches for a biometric pattern not a fingerprint! It matches chosen minutia patterns.
Source: The Forensics Teacher - Summer 2008
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• Criminal, civilians, stock
brokers, civil servants, military
personnel, teachers, security
guards, etc., are included but
systems are not always linked.
• Latent database and cold cases
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How Does AFIS Work?Fingerprint images are
scanned and digitized
Minutiae are coded
Minutiae are searched by
computerized matchers
Search candidates are
produced side-by-side on a
computer screen
Candidates are examined
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Evidence Technology, 2012
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Ten Card Print Crime Scene Print
Algorithm using MinutiaeReplaces point ID Uses computers
Faster More accurate
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Fingerprint formed in soot.
Evidence Technology Magazine May-June 2008
What’s new?
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Lift fingerprints from
Pills Feathers
Source: Evidence Technology Magazine Nov-Dec 07
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Even from cadavers
Source: Evidence Technology Magazine Nov-Dec 07
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Evidence Technology Magazine
September-October 2008, p30
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Fingertips in
I.D. Enhancer Solution
Casting made of fingerprints in
silicone-rubber
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A Match!
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Orange fluorescent
powder viewed with
special camera filter
Electrical tape
both sides
Source: Evidence Technology Magazine Nov-Dec 07
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Mobile cyanoacrylate fuming
Source: Evidence Technology Magazine Nov-Dec 07
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Identity Recognition
• Fingerprints
• Facial recognition – within 10
years
• Iris scan – are no two alike?
To be determined and cannot
be used in court (as yet)
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Matrix
scanners
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Biometric Devices
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Kiplinger Newsletter 11/12
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Finger scanners
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Free NIJ online sourcebook
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Notice the scar
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Fingerprints!
They’ll get you every time.