IInvasive Insect Threats to Trees

Frank A. Hale, Ph.D.Professor

Entomology and Plant Pathology

Find PDFs of presentations and links to new Find PDFs of preesentations and links to newpublications at the Soil Plant and Pest Center ppuubbblicccaaatttiooonnsss aaatwweb site under

hheee SSSoooil PPlaaannttt aaannddd PPeeesssttt CCCeeennttteeerrttt ttthrrrr ppublications and presentations

Crape Myrtle Bark ScaleCraape MyrtEEriococcus

e Bark Scalettlessssssss lagerostroemia

Images courtesy of M. Merchant, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension

6-29-15

6-29-15

EPP 458

CCrape Myrtle Bark Scale

Image courtesy of M. Merchant, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension

New fact sheets at: http://www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/pdf/fsa-7086.pdfAnd http://www.agrilifebookstore.org/product-p/eht-049.htm

CCrape Myrtle Bark Scale

Peeled back to show eggs

OOverwintering nymphs

2-18-16

NNyymph or young adult exuding or young adult ewwax filaments

2-18-16

Adult Female Ventral Lateral View

Stylet

Crape Myrtle Bark ScaleCraape Myrttle Bark Scale((July 30, 2014, Germantown, TN)

Top or dorsal view Underside or ventral view with eggs

CCrape Myrtle Bark Scale Populations s -- UUSA

RichardsonMcKinney

PlanoDallas

(2004, 2005,2006, 2007)

LongviewTyler

(2011, 2012)

Ardmore, OK(2012)

MindenAlexandria

(2014)

ShreveportBossier City

(2011)

Shelby Co. TN (2013)Fayette Co. TN (2014)

Madison Co. TN (2015)Tipton Co. TN (2015)Gibson Co. TN (2016)

Little Rock, AR(2014)

Houma(2012)

College Station(2013)

Newnan, GA(2013)

Monroe(2014)

In 2014, CMBS was also detected in Bernalillo County, New Mexico. In March 2015, CMBS was found in south Mississippi.

Mobile, AL 2014

Insecticide Used

Not Treated

Japanese Maple ScaleVery small, white bodyyGeneralist stst –

y– attacks GeneralisGG st attacks a

numerous species! pcherry, dogwood, herry, dogwchcEuonymus

wood, ogwusus, holly, EEuonymuE us

hornbeam, holly,s h, h

, Itea, olly,

eaea, lilac, hornbeamh , eIteea lilac, , llinden, magnolia, maple, inden, magnlpyracantha

nolia, maagnaa, privet,

ple, mat,t Prunususus, pyracanthp a privet, p t, runPr

redbud, serviceberry, redbud, serrStewartia

seriaia,

viceberrvseraa, Styrax

rryberaxax, StewartiS iaa, tyraSS

yellowwood, & x,yraax

&& Zelkova

Image courtesy of A. Fulcher, UT

Two generations per year in KY, TN and MDg p yEast coast, south of us, and spreadingp gWhile this pest has been in many states for years it has recently While this pest has been in many states for years it has recenibecome an emerging nursery pest (KY in 2006, TN in 2010)New ononon-

g gnn-line fact sheet at: Neww oww onn ne fact sheet at:inli

https://utextension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W277.pdf

AAdult Female (Dorsal)

Granulate GraanulateAmbrosia AAAAmmmmmmbbbrroooosssiaBeetle Beeeetle((GAB)

Attacks trees in late winter to early spring

Image by M. Windham

Decision Guide for Applying Decision Guide for ApplyingSpray Treatments Aggainst SSSpprraaayyy TTTrreeeaaatttmmmeeenntttsss AAAAAmbrosia Beetles

Ethyl alcohol baited traps are Ethyl alcohol baited traps are EEused to detect the late winter or used to detect the uearly spring flight

The need to use an insecticide The need to use an insecticidesecticide The need to use an insThe need to use an insTTTTTTTTTTTTspray is greater if the beetles sspray is greater if the beetles sshave been caught in the traps have been caught in the traps hand the trees have not broken aand the treeaadormancy

A New Onn-n-LLine Pest Fact A NewSheet

https://utextension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/SP742.pdf

Camphor Shot Borer, CamphoCnestus

Shot Bororssssssss mutilatus

ressssssss (

r,ees ((((((((BBlandfordddd)

First detected in the U.S. in First detectrrst deterFOkibbeha

ed in the U.S. ined in the U.S. in ectectaa County, Mississippi in OkkibbekOkkibbekO

1999

This Asian beetle has also been This Asian beetle has also beenhTdetected in Alabama, Florida, detected in Alabama, Florida, etdetected in Alabama, Florida,etdGeorgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, Geeorgia, Louisiana, North CarolineGeeorgia, Louisiana, North CaroleOhio, Tennessee, Texas, West Ohhio, Tennessee, Texas, West h , , ,, , ,Ohhio, Tennessee, Texas, WesthVirginia and possibly other states

Adult beetles are attracted to Adult beetles are attraddAalcohol baited traps

Camphor Shot BorerCamphor Shot BoreerAAn Ambrosia BeetleHas become problematic in a few nurseries

The beetles prefer to attack smaller branches (0.8 inches or less)

Egg(s)

Larva

Galleries

Makes a relatively large 2 mm shot hole in bark (a 5/64 inch drill bit fits into hole)

Images courtesy of Doug Stone, Bugwood.org

CCamphor Shot Borer

Makes a relatively large 2 mm shot hole in bark (a 5/64 inch drill bit fits into hole)

http://asianlonghornedbeetle.com/spot-it/

AAsian n Longhornedd BeetleLarvae chew into the tree e doing extensive tunneling Larvae chew into the treeLarvae chew into the treeee oing extensive tungoing extensive dododamage while adults exit the tree leaving it

nnelinggnneling tuntunt t riddled with damage whdamage while

round holes adults exit the tadults exitt the tt thehilehile

ss and oozing sap

While tree removal is used extensively for infested While tretrees,

ee removal ie tres imidacloprid

s used extensively for infestedal id soil or trunk injection is used on an treetrees

areaeesea-

midaclopridmidaclopridmm dd soil or trunk injection is used on an soil or trunk injection is used on assiisss,sa--wide basis to lower the populations of foraging areareeaeaaa wide basiwide basiwidwwww

adult beetles

http://beetlebusters.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/about_alb_infographic.pdf http://asianlonghornedbeetle.com/spot-it/

Image courtesy of Thomas B. Denton, New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org

Asian Longhorned Beetle LarvaAAsian n Longhornedd Beeetle Longhornedd BB

HHoosstt TTrreeeessMore than 80,000 trees lost so far

AshBirchGolden rain treeHackberryPoplarpWillow

Horse chestnutMaplepMountain ashElmKatsuraLondon plane tree

http://beetlebusters.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/about_alb_infographic.pdf

Spotted Lanternfly Found Spotted Lanternfiin Pennsylvania

Image courtesy of L. Barringer, Penn. Dept. of Agri.

SSpotted Lanternfly

Courtesy of H. Raguza, Pennsylvania Dept. of Agri.

Has potential to greatly impact grape, fruit tree (apples, peaches), plant nursery, and timber industries

SSpotted Lanternfly Nymphs

Images courtesy of Park et al. 2009

This planthopper, native to China, India and Viet Nam, has been introduced to Japan and South Korea

It has been documented on over 70 species, 25 or which also occur in Pennsylvania

Spotted Lanternfly Egg Masses: Tree Spotted Lanternfly Egg Masses: Treeeoof Heaven is a Preferred host for adults

Image courtesy of H. Raguza, Pennsylvania Dept. of Agri.

AArborvitae e LLeafminerr TTop Side Damage UUnderside of Foliage with Exit Holes

Exit Hole

AArborvitae e LeafminerTiny caterpillars (1/8 inch long) found infesting Tinny caterpillars (1/8 inch long) found infestinTarborvitae in Sullivan County in 2015 and arbborvitae in Sullivan County in 201bDavidson County in January 2016

One generation per year with larvae inside the Onne generation per yearnOmines most of the year

Moth (3/8 inch wingspan) emergence unknown Mooth (3/8 inch wingspan) emergooMfor Tennessee (possibly in mid

ergdd-

ence unknoweergdd--to late May)

Arborvitae ArborvrvvitaeLeafminerrLeafminmoths

EEmerald Ash Borer First U.S. find in Detroit, Michigan in 2002

Thought to have been there 6 to 10 years before being Thought to hoTdiscovered

Subsequently, eradication was attempted but failed

http://arnprior.ca/live/emerald-ash-borer/

Monitoring for Emerald Ash Borer Monitoring for Emeraald Ash BoreerAAdults Using Purple Sticky Traps

Infestation expanding from East Tennessee into Middle Tennessee

Emerald ash borer adult image courtesy of The Ohio State University

AAsh Trees Killed by EAB

First found in Michigan in 2002 (Image taken 9-11-2003)

Southwest Ohio 2013

Knox County TN 2010

Emerald Ash Borer Larvae

DD-D-SShaped Exit Holes Blonding by Blonding byWWoodpeckers

Thousand Cankers Disease of ThousaWWalnut,

d Cankersrsandttttt,Geosmithia

Disease os Daaaaaa morbida

Images courtesy of Alan Windham, UT Extension

Geosmithiaa mmorbidaa ggrowing in Geosmithggallery

Image courtesy of K. Nix, UT

Walnut twig beetle, , Pityophthoruss juglandisis, Walnut twig beetle, PPPityophthoruss jjjuglandis,is the vecttor of thousand cankers disease of is the vewwalnut

Larval image courtesy of K. Nix, UT

Larva Adult

QQuestions?

https://extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/PB1594.pdfhttps://extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/PB1595.pdf