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“Financing instruments for nature conservation” Vilm 2007

Annette v. Lossau and Susanne Schellhardt, GTZ

Financing mechanisms for agrobiodiversity conservation

Noah's Ark by Edward Hicks (1780-1849)

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Overview

Examples of financing mechanisms atlocalnationalbilateraland international level

Conclusions

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Local:Producer association of farmers in Schwäbisch-Hall, Germany

Revitalising the Schwäbisch-Hällisches Landschwein pig landrace and tapping the resultant economic potential1986: Breeder association1988: Producer association of farmers, now counting more than 300 member holdingsBinding producer standards

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Success factorsProfessional marketing programme Targeted use of the old breed as a cultural asset Niche market generating added value for producers and consumersAll involved in the value chain share benefits in a transparent manner

No middleman in the marketingEconomic incentive for the conservation of diversity

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National:India’s Biodiversity Fund

2002 Biological Diversity ActProvides for Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) at regional level which create and maintain biodiversity registers and regulate the use of diversity.The Indian government will assist local authorities in efforts directed towards the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity by providing financial grants from the Local Biodiversity Fund.A charge can be levied for the commercial use of biodiversity – though not from Indian citizens – which is then channelled into the Fund.

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Bilateral:Coffee agreement between Ethiopia and Starbucks

Conclusion of an agreement on the distribution, marketing and licensing of three world-famous coffee brands (Sidamo, Harar, Yirgacheffe)Ethiopian strategy: harnessing market forces,intellectual property rights and trademarksto allow benefits for poor farmersUp to then, the coffee-beans were only marketedas an expensive speciality at the end of the valuechain while for the farmers prices were lowThe agreement makes it possible to shape the value chain in a more equitable manner; farmers can receive a fairer share of the retail price

Modern business approach based on rights rather than charity

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International: The Global Crop Diversity Trust

Independent organisation; founded in 2004 as a partnership between FAO and Bioversity International, on behalf of CGIAR (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)Mission: to preserve and make available the diversity of crop plant varieties in order to ensure global food securityInitial situation:- Some 6 million samples of plant genetic resources available worldwide in more than 1000 collections- Many collections are at risk (lack of resources, insufficient equipment, natural disasters, wars, inner-state unrest)

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International: The Global Crop Diversity Trust

Objectives and activities of the Trust:• To permanently safeguard the plant genetic material presently

available in the collections, by means of an efficient system• To include further material in the collections• To develop cost-effective conservation techniques• To establish a global information system

(4 million samples of over 2000 varieties of more than150 crop plants = 85% of diversity)

• To finance the development of software to manage the genebanks

• To create the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in the Norwegian Arctic by March 2008 in which up to 3 million samples can be stored.

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International: The Global Crop Diversity Trust

Financing:• US$ 37.5 million from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation• US$ 7.5 million from the Norwegian government• € 7.5 million from the German government by 2010 • Further countries, the private sector, foundations,

farmers’ organisations and private individuals

Images: www.croptrust.org

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ConclusionsIncentive mechanisms motivate farmers to contribute to agrobiodiversity conservation; these can include: better prices, opportunities for and assistance in entering and developing new markets and accessing new customer groups, improved communication and marketing of the unique values of regional and traditional products.

The private sector should be involved in these efforts, for instance within the context of a CSR strategy.

Nation-states should be committed to view the conservation of biological diversity as a national and global task, and to act accordingly.

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Thank you for your attention!

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Regional:Alimentos Nutri-Naturales (Guatemala)

Initiative involving 56 women and an old staple of the Mayas: the Maya nut (Brosimum Alicastrum)Conservation of Maya nut trees on 90,000 ha 150,000 trees newly planted across the countryCreation of jobs for 650 peopleTraining for women in the cultivation, processing and marketing of the Maya nut

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Regional:Alimentos Nutri-Naturales (Guatemala)

Long-term positive impacts of the project have been observed in terms of:

Rainforest conservation

Reforestation

Health and nutrition

Food security

Women’s incomes, self-esteem and status

Maternal health and infant birth weights

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Local:Producer association in Schwäbisch-Hall, Germany

FinancingConvincing qualityCost savings through direct marketingRegional speciality withprotected designation of origin

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National:India’s Biodiversity Fund

Constitution of National Biodiversity Fund

27.(1) There shall be constituted a Fund to be called the National Biodiversity Fund and there shall be credited thereto any grants and loans made to the National Biodiversity Authorityunder section 26; all charges and royalties received by the National Biodiversity Authority under this Act; and all sums received by the National Biodiversity Authority from such other sources as may be decided upon by the Central Government. (2) The Fund shall be applied for channeling benefits to the benefit claimers; conservation and promotion of biological resources and development of areas from where such biological resources or knowledge associated thereto has been accessed; socioeconomic development of areas referred to in clause (b) in consultation with the local bodies concerned.