Financing climate change action
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French GlobalEnvironment Facility
FINANCING ACT ION COMBATING CL IMATE CHANGE
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FINANCING ACTION COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE2
French GlobalEnvironment Facility
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FINANCING ACTION COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE 3
Towardfortheglobalenvironment....................................................................................................................................................................................................................4
Addressingprioritiesoftheglobalenvironment.....................................................................................................................................................7
Ajointactioninstrument....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9
FGEFprojectcofinancing....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11
FGEFstrategyintheclimatechange..............................................................................................................................................................................................................14
• Reducingandlimitinggreenhousegasemissions,mitigation................................................................................................................................17
•Adaptingtoreducevulnerabilitytoclimatechange.....................................................................................................................................................................30
•Mobilizingandstructuringspecializedfinancingforenergy
efficiencyandrenewableenergies..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................32
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Towardfortheglobalenvironment (FRENCHGLOBALENVIRONMENTFACILITY)
Itsubsidizes,throughdevelopmentoperations,thepreservationofthemajorequilibriumsofourplanetconcerning:-climatechange,
-biodiversity,
-internationalwaters,
-landdegradationanddesertification,
-persistentOrganicPollutants(POP),
-stratosphericozonelayer.
TheFGEF’sgoalsareto:- promote the protection of the global environment in developing countries,- encourage innovation,- mobilize multi-actor partnerships.
FINANCING ACTION COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE4
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TheFGEFisinvolved:-inprovidingsupportforconcreteachievementsin
beneficiarycountries,
-indevelopingalearningapproachandtestingexemplaryorinnovativeapproaches,
-attherequestofoneofitsfiveFrenchinstitutionalpartners,
-inminoritycofinancing,
-asanadditionalinstrumentforFrenchforeignaid,asapart
ofOfficialDevelopmentAssistance.
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Created for an initial period from 1994 to 1998, it was extended for asecondphasefrom1992to2002,forathirdphasefrom2003to2006andforafourthphasefrom2007to2010.Thefour-yearfundingforthesephaseswas67millioneuros,and70.2millionforthefinalphase.
FundedbytheStatebudget,asapartofOfficialDevelopmentAssistance,ithad277.5millioneurosforthe1994-2010period.Thisisinadditiontothe
FrenchcontributiontotheGlobalEnvironmentFund(GEF).
Attheendof2009,209projectshavebeenidentified,45ofwhichcofinancedwithGEFresources.
TheFGEFisaninstrumentofFrenchpolicyoncooperationanddevelopmentwhichbringstogetherthemesdealingwiththeglobalenvironment.Itpromotesinnovativeandreproducibleprojects,supportsmulti-actorpartnerships.ItispartofthegeographicalprioritiesofFrenchaidandcontributestoFrance’sinfluence.
FINANCING ACTION COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE 5
ofwhichcofinancedwithGEFresources.
2009Attheendof
20945
projectshavebeenidentified,
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PrioritytoAfricaandtheMediterranean
Theprojects’keyfigures,excludingozoneAfteraninitialstartingperiod,theFGEFreachedmaturityin2003.
From2003totheendof2009,106 projectshadbeenexaminedorwereunderconsideration,representinga
potentialcommitmentof120 million euros.
TheFGEFissupportedbyfiveFrenchmemberinstitutions:• TheMinistriesof: - Economy,IndustryandEmployment, - ForeignandEuropeanAffairs, - Ecology,Energy,SustainableDevelopmentandSea, - HigherEducationandResearch.
• andTheFrenchDevelopmentAgency(AFD)whichisalso inchargeofthemanagementoftheFGEF.
Theamount
oftheaverageFGEF
millioneuros1.112%
subsidyis
whichaccountsfor
approximately oftheprojectcost.
Africa
Mediterranean
LatinAmerica
AsiaandPacific
EsternEurope
Biodiversity
Climatechange
Internationalwaters
FightagainstdesertificationandPOP’s
BREAKDOWNBYREGION
BREAKDOWNBYAREA
2,3%
50,5%
18,3%
10,9%
18%
2 projects
52 projects
22 projects
11 projects
19 projects
9,5%
44,5%
33,3%
12,7%
FINANCING ACTION COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE
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Addressingpriorities oftheglobalenvironment
ClimatechangeGlobal WarmingistheresultofthegreenhouseeffectwhichinturnisduetoanincreaseofGHG,especiallycarbongas,intheatmosphere.
InkeepingwiththeguidelinesoftheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange,theFGEFencouragesprojectsthatreducetheconsumptionoffossilfuelsby:
-promotingrenewableenergyandenergythathasalow outputofgreenhousegases,
-highligtingthevalueofusingbiomass,
-improvingenergyefficiencyinenergyconsumingsectors,
-storingcarboninforests,thesoilandunderground.
InternationalwatersInternational waters,whethertheybecontinental(surfaceorgroundwater)ormarine,areoftensharedbyseveralStatesorfallundernojurisdiction.
Thesewatersarethreatenedprimarilybyoveruse(overfishing),pollutionorcoastalerosion.
ThegoaloftheFGEFistobringaboutabettermanagementofinternationalwaters.Itpromotesprojectsthat:
-makecollaborationbetweenStatesapriority,
-strengthenmeasurementnetworksandtrackingsystems,
-contributetoreducingsourcesofpollution.
BiodiversityBiodiversityreferstoallthegenes,speciesandecosystemsfoundonourplanet.Biodiversityisseriouslythreatened.Inordertopreserveit,projectsfundedbytheFGEFseektoimplementthemainguidelinesoftheUnitedNationsConventiononBiologicalDiversity.Theseprojectsdealwith:
-thepreservationofspeciesandplaces,
-thetraditionaluseofnaturalresourcesby localcommunities,
-thesustainablemanagementofnatural resourcestoserveeconomicandsocial development.
Theprojectsmusttakeintoaccountthelocalpopulations,involvethemintheprotectionoftheirenvironmentandhavethembenefitfromtheresultingadvantages.
FINANCING ACTION COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE
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Landdegradation Desertification
Desertificationistheresultofclimaticvariationandhumanimpactwhichleadstoadeteriorationoftheecosystemsinaridzones.Thisphenomenonaffectsbothbiodiversityandthesocialandeconomicconditionsofthelocalpopulations.
FGEFactioninthisareaessentiallytargetstheSaharanandSaheliancountries.Financialprioritygoestoprojectsatthelocallevelwhichseektostrengthentheresilienceoftheecosystemsortoreversethedesertificationprocesswhenpossible,includingthecombatagainstdeforestationandforestdegradation.Itsupportsagro-ecologyinparticular.
Persistentorganicpollutants(POP’s)Thereare12dangeroussubstances(pesticides,industrialchemicalproductsandchemicalsub-products)thathavealonglifetimeandwhichcanmigratethroughlandandwater,oftenovergreatdistances.Astheyaccumulateinthefoodchain,theyareingestedbylivingcreaturesandsubsequentlyleadtoimmuneproblemsandgeneticdefects.
GiventheheavyimpactofPOP’sontheenvironmentandhealth,theFGEFhasbeensupportingprojectstoeliminatethesepollutantssince2004.
OzonelayerStratosphericozoneisaprotectivescreenwhichabsorbspracticallyalloftheultravioletraysproducedbythesun,whicharedangerousforlifeonearth.Asignificantreductionintheconcentrationofstratosphericozonehasbeenobservedsincethebeginningofthe1980’s.Thisphenomenonisduetoman’sproductionofsubstancesthatdepletetheozonelayer,usedinrefrigerants,solvents,aerosols,insulatingfoam,pesticidesandfireextinguishinggasses.
Certainozonedepletingsubstances(ODS)haveahighglobalwarmingpotential(GWP).ByeliminatingtheseODS,theMontrealProtocolhasmadeitpossibletoavoidemissions’equivalentof8Gt-eqCO
2/yearbetween1990and2010.
TheFGEFSecretariat,onbehalfoftheMinistryoftheEconomy,IndustryandEmployment,ensuresthefollow-upofthestrategiesandgivesadviceconcerningtheorientationssuggestedbythe196PartiestotheMontrealProtocol.ItalsorepresentsFranceasExecutiveCommitteememberoftheMultilateralFund,whichprovidesfundingintheformofgrantforprojectswhichphaseoutODSsindevelopingcountries.TheFGEFSecretariatthereforealsoparticipatesinthesubsequentinternationalnegotiations.From1991to2009,thetotaloftheFrenchcontributionstotheMultilateralFundhavebeen195millionUS$.
Lastly,itimplementsandmanagesprojectspresentedbyFrancetotheMultilateralFundbyparticipatinginprojectpreparation(includingseekingoutpartnershipsandco-financingopportunities),providingequipment,technicalassistanceandtraining.
FINANCING ACTION COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE
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Ajointaction instrument
TheFGEFisrunbythreebodies: - the Steering Committee,
- the Scientific and Technical Committee,
- the Secretariat.
InterministerialGovernanceTheFGEFSteeringCommitteeismadeupoffiveinstitutionalpartners:theMinistryoftheEconomy,IndustryandEmployment,theMinistryofForeignAffairs,theMinistryofEcology,Energy,SustainableDevelopmentandSea,theMinistryofHigherLearningandResearchandtheFrenchDevelopmentAgency,whichisalsoinchargeofmanagingtheFGEFSecretariat.ItischairedbytherepresentativeoftheMinistryinchargeoftheEconomy(TreasuryDirectorate).
TheSteeringCommitteemakesdecisionson:
- thegeneralpolicyoftheFGEF,primarilythe geographicalorientations,thefocalareasandthe Secretariat’sbudget,
- thetimelinessofprojectsattheidentificationstage afterreceivingtheopinionoftheScientificand TechnicalCommittee,
- thefinancialcommitmentattheendoftheappraisal phase.
TheSteeringCommitteeappointsthemembersoftheScientificandTechnicalCommittee.
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ArigorousprocessofanalysisandevaluationTheFGEFhasanindependentScientificandTechnicalCommittee.TheCommitteeiscomposedof10individualsrenownedfortheireconomic,environmentalandsocialexpertiseintheareascoveredbytheFGEF:
- itmakesrecommendationsattheprojectidentification stageandobservationsatthecommitmentstage,
- itconductsandleadswork(studiesandseminars) dealingwiththescientific,technicalandsocioeconomic aspectsconcerningtheglobalenvironment,
- itparticipates,alongwiththememberinstitutionsand theSecretariat,ininitiativesthatseektoinformand raiseawarenessamongFrenchandinternational partnersabouttheprioritiesoftheglobal environment.
AflexibleandproactivemanagementstructureTheFGEFSecretariatisalightstructure,comprisedof10permanentstaffmembers.Itdealswith:
- theappraisalandfollow-upofprojectsfinancedbythe FGEF,incollaborationwithitsmember-institutions,
- thepreparationandimplementationofdecisions madebytheSteeringCommittee,
- thesectorialrelationswithinstitutional,scientific, economicandassociativepartners,
- thefollow-upoftheGEF,theMultilateralFundofthe MontrealProtocolandsectorialrelationswithbilateral andmultilateraldonors.
TheFGEFSecretariatisattachedtoAFD’sStrategyDivision.Foritsownmanagement,theFGEFusestheaccounting,financialandhumanresourcesDepartmentsoftheAFD,aswellasitsnetworkoflocalagencies.
FINANCING ACTION COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE
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EligibilitycriteriatoreceiveFGEFfinancingIn order to be eligible, and project must: - haveasignificant,positiveimpactontheglobalenvironment, - contributetotheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofthebeneficiarycountryandpopulations, - beinnovative,andhaveademonstrable,reproducibleeffect, - ensuresocial,institutionalandeconomiclongevityafteritscompletion, - beimplementedbyanefficientandcapablebody, - beprimarilyfinancedbyotherdonors(includinglocalones),withtheFGEFprovidingonlyminorityfunding, - beconsistentwithFrenchcooperationanddevelopmentpriorities.
Are not eligible: - programslimitedtocapacitybuildingandresearchnotrelatedtodevelopmentprojects, - recurringactivitiesandinstitutionorbodyoperatingcosts.
TheFGEFprojectcofinancing
FINANCING ACTION COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE
FGEFeligiblecountriesarealldevelopingcountrieseligibleforOfficialDevelopmentAssistanceasdefinedbytheOECD.65%oftheresourcesgotoAfricaandtheMediterranean.
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FINANCING ACTION COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE12
2 Identification
- identificationfiledrawnupbyoneoftheFrenchinstitutional partnerswiththepotentialbeneficiary,
- assistancefromtheSecretariatforthedraftingandformatting,
- verificationofprojecteligibilitybytheFGEFSecretariat,
- advicefromtheScientificandTechnicalCommitteeandthe Secretariat,
- authorizationfromtheSteeringCommitteetoundertake appraisaloftheproject.
3 Ex-anteevaluation
- conductinganex-antefeasibilitystudyoftheprojectwitha detaileddefinitionofthetechnical,economicandinstitutional conditionsoftheproject’simplementationandapplication pointsofthefinancingonthebasisofthefeasibility,thelogistic framework,
- draftingapresentationreport.
4 Commitment
- projectapprovalbytheSteeringCommittee,opinionprovided duringthemeetingoftheScientificandTechnicalCommittee andSecretariat,
- authorizationfromtheSecretariattocommitthe correspondingfunds,
- signatureofthefinancingagreementwiththebeneficiary.
1 Pre-identification
- draftingasummarysheetthatpresentsthecharacteristicsof theproject:objectives,partners,indicationsintermsof contentandcost
- achoiceof12filesandpresentationreportstobeconsidered foreachofthethreeannualSteeringCommittees,carriedout bytheSecretariatincollaborationwiththememberinstitutions.
FGEFprojectcycle
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FINANCING ACTION COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE 13
9 Communicationtothirdparties(CD,brochures)
Informationconcerningtheprojectaftercompletionorafterthepost-evaluationphaseisconductedbythememberinstitutionwiththesupportoftheSecretariatand/orthebeneficiarypartners.Thisinformationmightdealwithaseriesofprojectsconcerningthesamethemeorthesamegeographicalarea.
8 Lessonslearned
- retrospectiveevaluations,seminars.
7 Post-evaluation
- evaluationofresultsandimpactsafter projectcompletion.
6 Completionreport5 Implementation
- implementationoftheprojectbythegrantbeneficiary,
- follow-upandsupervisionbytheFrenchinstitutionwiththe assistanceoftheSecretariat,
- possiblemid-termreview,
- managementoffundsbytheAFD.
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TheFGEFstrategyintheclimatechange
Globalwarmingistheresultofanincreaseofthegreenhouseeffect,duetotheincreaseingreenhousegases(GHG’s)releasedbyhumanactivity:energy,transportation,industry,housing,waste,agricultureanddeforestation.Sincethebeginningoftheindustrialage,theconcentrationofGHG’sintheatmospherehasincreasedby35%,andthreatenstoaffectthelivingconditionsinallareasoftheworldifnothingisdoneinthenearfuture.
Awareoftheproblem,189countriesratifiedtheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangein1992.In1997,141countriessignedtheKyotoProtocol,whichenteredintoforceinFebruary2005.TheindustrializedcountriesinAnnexImadeaglobalcommitmenttoreducetheiremissionsbyatleast5%accordingto1990levelsbetween2008and2012,witheachindustrializedcountryachievingitsownreductionobjectives.
TheFGEFencourages“mitigation”projectsthatseektoreduceoratleastlimittheconsumptionofnon-renewablefossilfuelsandGHGemissionsby:
- promotingrenewableenergiesandthosethatrelease lowamountsofgreenhousegases,
- highlightingthevalueofusingbiomassforenergy,
- developingefficientenergyproductionsystems,
- improvingtheenergyefficiencyinenergyconsuming sectors(housing,transportation,industry,agriculture),
- storingcarboninforests,thesoilandunderground.
Since2005,theFGEFhasalsobeensupportingprojectsthatstrengthendevelopingcountries’capacitiestoadaptintheareasofsurveillance,knowledgeandresilience.
6551for projects
between2003and2009
FINANCING ACTION COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE
After20yearsofinformationraisingawarenessabouttherisksofclimatechange,ithasbecomeamajorinternationalpoliticalissue.ItdealswithcrucialissuesrelatedtoStates’variousdegreesofresponsibility,todividingeffortsbetweencountries,totheirpoliticsanddevelopmentmodes,totheorientationoftheirresearchandtotheirtechnologicalchoices.Solidaritybetweencountriesisakeyelementforefficientlycombatingclimatechangeandfindingappropriateresponsestotheforeseeableconsequencesofthischange,especiallyinthepoorestcountries,whicharealsothemostvulnerable.
M€ofsubventions
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8%
37%
21%6%
28%
3 projects(5,1 M€)
20 projects(23,9 M€)
3 projects(3,8 M€)
13 projects(18 M€)
12 projects(14,1 M€)
FINANCER LA LUTTE CONTRE LE CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE 15
Itsexperienceintheareaofinnovationandasaleverencouragingprogress(energyefficiency,reasonableconsumptionoffossilfuels)inthesecountrieshasmadeitpossibleforseveralinstitutionsorpartnerstocontinueandtodeveloptheactionsinitiallyundertakenbytheFGEF.ThemoststrikingexamplesaretheactivitiesthatAFDhasbeensupportingsince2004inChinaandtheMediterraneancountriesonenergyefficiencyinbuildingsorthedevelopmentofwindfarmsinthecementproductionsectoroftheMaghrebcountries.
Inaddition,theFGEFsupportsthedisseminationoftheprojectmechanismsidentifiedintheKyotoProtocol:theCleanDevelopmentMechanism(CDM)andtheJointImplementationwhichmakeitpossibletoreduceGHGemissionsatthelowestcostbyfacilitatingthetransferofcleantechnologiesandpromotingsolidaritybetweenNorthernandSoutherncountries.
Moreover,thenew“REDD”mechanism(ReducingEmissionsrelatedtoDeforestationandtheDegradationofforestsindevelopingcountries)currentlybeingdevelopedwillalsocontributetofinancingthefightagainstthegreenhouseeffect.
Intheareaofclimatechange,theFGEFisstrengtheningsynergieswithotherareasoftheglobalenvironmentinwhichtheFGEFisactive,essentiallyprotectingbiodiversity,combatingdesertificationandprotectingtheozonelayer.
From2003totheendof2009,theFGEFclimatechangeportfoliohad51projectsidentifiedinabout20countries:20inAfrica,12intheMediterranean,3inLatinAmerica,13intheAsia/Pacificregionand3inEasternEurope,foranoveralltotalof64.9millioneuros.
TheFGEFencouragesprojectsthatareexemplary,innovativeandreproducible.Itsactionconsistsinevaluatingissues,establishingpriorities,ensuringpilotprojects’implementation,policysupport,
impactassessmentandsharingofexperiences.
PORTFOLIOBREAKDOWNOFCLIMATECHANGEPROJECTSBYREGION
Africa
Mediterranean
LatinAmerica
AsiaandPacific
EsternEurope
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Themeanstomeetcommitments
Mobilizingspecialized financing
Exerting a lever effect
Adapting
toanalreadysignificantimpact
Mitigation
toreduceandlimitgreenhousegasemissions
Mitigationthroughreducing emissions
Mitigationthroughusing“carbonsinks”forsequestration
Adaptingnaturalandhumansystems.
3criteria:sensitivity(thedegreetowhichasystemisaffectedbyclimaticstimuli),adaptability(relatedtoclimatechange)andvulnerability(degreeofinabilitytoadapttoadversity)
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Reducingandlimitinggreenhouse gasemissions,mitigation(CO
2,CH
4,Nox,SF
6,PFC,HFC…)
MITIGATINGBYREDUCINGEMISSIONS
Acting on the energy supply
Promoting renewable energies
Hydraulic,wind,geothermalandsolar
Highlighting the value of renewable biomass
Woodenergy,biogas(waste),biofuels
Developing efficient energy production systems
Naturalgasandgasfromliquefiedoil,cleancoal,capturing,minegas,combinedcycle,tri/cogeneration,interconnection
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BypromotingrenewableenergiesandcleancarbonenergyToday,mostenergysystemsusefossilfuel(coal,oilandgas),whichleadstoheavylocalpollutionandahighreleaseofGHG’s.TheFGEFseekstoreplacetheseenergieswithrenewableenergies(wind,hydraulic,geothermalandsolar).
Dominique-GeothermalpowerCaribbeanFGEFcontribution:2M€-Totalcost:5.5M€-2007.
Partners:localandnationalauthorities,EDF,DOMLEC,AFD.
Thefirstphaseoftheprojectconsistsofidentifyinganexploitablesitetopowerthegeothermalpowerplantcapableofproducing50MW,whichwillsupplynotonlyDominiquebutalsoneighboringislands(Guadeloupe,Martinique).
Morocco-Ruralelectrificationandsolar-poweredpumpFGEFcontribution:1.6M€-Totalcost:19.4M€-2003.
Partners:otalEnergieMaroc/TEMASOL,NationalOfficeofElectricity(ONE),EDFEnergie,KfW,AFD.
Theprojectmadeitpossibletowidelydevelop,intheprovincesofKhemisset,Khenifra,KhouribgaandSettat,thefirstlarge-scalehomesolarpowersystems(16,000setsofsolarcells)andtoprovideadozencollectivesolar-poweredpumps.Theinstallation,maintenance,creditandpaymentweredonethroughalong-termmanagementcontractawardedtoaprivateoperator(10years).Theoperatoriscurrentlymanagingmorethan25,000subscribersperyear,anddoingsoinaruralarea.
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BydemonstratingthevalueofrenewablebiomassAgriculturalactivitiesindevelopingcountriesandtransitioncountriesareessentialeconomicactivities.Usingbiomasstoproduceenergycouldbeasolutiontotakeadvantageof.Aspartofenergyproducingsystemsadaptedtolocalsituations,theFGEFissupportingthedevelopmentoftheseuses.
Lithuania-Settinguparegionalwood-energysectorFGEFcontribution:1.0M€-Totalcost:10.8M€-2004-2009.
Partners:LithuanianMinistryoftheEnvironment,LITESKO,privateLithuanianpartners(MEDJIVA,SKYDRINE),ADEME,MEEDDM.
Thisprojectmadeitpossibletosetupanewwood-energysectorinthesoutheasternareaofLithuania(Vilnius—Vilkasiskis—Marijampole),whichwillprovidefueltomunicipalheatcentersusingforestexploitationandwoodprocessingby-products.
WestAfrica-DevelopingavegetablewastecarbonizationfacilityFGEFcontribution:0.6M€-Totalcost:1.5M€-2003-2006.
Partners:Géocoton,ADEME,MAEE,SilosdeTourtoulen,CNAM.
Thisprojectplanstodevelopasemi-industrialriceballcarbonizerinthericeproducingregionofRosso,inthesouthofMauritania,inordertoprovidemarketablehouseholdfuelavailableonlocalmarketsaswellaselectricalenergyforshellingfacilities.
FINANCING ACTION COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE 19
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ByenergyefficientsystemsManycountries,duetotheirenergyproductionsystems,haveapoortrackrecordintermsofenergyperformance.Thiscanbeduetolagginginvestmentsortosituationsthatarenotconducivetosavingenergy.TheFGEFsupportsthedevelopmentofnewsystemsofthemostefficientinnovativeenergyproducingsystems(combinedcycle,co-generation,wood-energy,etc…).
Morocco-Wood-energyinanurbanlocation(improvinghammamboilers)FGEFcontribution:1.6M€-Totalcost:4.1M€-2003-2008.
Partners:MinistryofEnergyandMinesofMorocco,CDERandAPEHC,AFD.
Theproject’sgoalwastoimprovetheenergyperformanceofaboutahundredhammamsandbakerieswhichusewoodforfuelindifferentcitiesintheKingdomofMorocco.Thisimprovementwastheresultofthecompletionofaboilermodernizationprogramthatwascarriedoutonawidescale.Reasonableinvestmentsmadeitpossibletoreducewoodconsumptionbyhalfinthehammamsthatwerepartnersintheprogram.Morethan150boilerswereimproved,whichhadasignificanteffectintermsofreducingtheamountofwoodusedperyear,from23,000tonsto17,000.Theprojectprovidedaidnotonlytothegeneralcontractorsbutalsohadapositiveimpactonthesupplyoftheprovidersandboilermakersinparticular.Thereturnoninvestmentisabout12months.
ChillerreplacementprojectinAfrica(AFROC)FrenchbilateralfundingpartoftheMFMP:0.44M€-FGEFcontribution:0.75M€-Totalcost:5.3M€(includingMFMP:2.4M€,private:2.2M€)-2007.
Partners:UNIDO,France,Germany,Japan.
Countries:Cameroon,Egypt,Namibia,Nigeria,Senegal,Sudan.
ThisprojectseekstoreducetheconsumptionofCO2
producingfossilfuelsandtoeliminateCFC’s,whicharesubstancesthatdestroytheozonelayer.Theprojectwillmakeitpossibletoreplace10%ofthechillersinsixAfricancountries,whichwillsubsequentlyleadtootherequipmentbeingreplaced.
Thisprojectboastsadoubleimpactontheenvironmentbycontributingtothefightagainstglobalwarmingandtotheprotectionoftheozonelayer.
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Acting on the energy demand
Housing
Urbanplanningandlayout,construction,equipment
Transportation
Organizationofurbanandinter-citytransportation,promotionofintegratedcollectivetransportation,newinformationandcommunicationtechnologies
Industries
Providingrecyclable,low-energyrequiringfinishedproducts,improvingtheproductivityoftheproductionprocesses,usingrecyclablerawmaterials
Agriculture
Promotingless-intensiveagriculture,sharingprogressivetechniques
InhousingInSoutherncountries,energyperformanceinresidentialandtertiaryhousingisnotalwaystheobjectofrealoptimization(design,choiceofmaterial,environmentalquality,effectiveequipment,constructioncosts,…).TheFGEFsupportstheimprovementofenergyperformanceinbuildingsthroughthesearchforinnovativesolutionsadaptedtolocalsituations(regulations,standardizingequipment,pricingthatisanincentivetoenergysavings,classifyingbuildings,buildingtechniques,…).Aconstanteffortismadetoimprovelocalpartners’capacitybuilding,withqualifiedFrenchexpertisealsobeingavailable.
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Afghanistan-SpreadinggoodenergyefficiencypracticesinthepublicbuildingconstructionsectorFGEFcontribution:1.35M€-Totalcost:12.9M€-2006.
Partners:AfghanMinistryoftheEnvironment,ADEME,GERES,MAEE,GermanCooperation(GTZ).
Theproject’sobjectiveisthedevelopmentoftheimplementationofenergyefficiencymeasuresinpublicbuildingswhoseconstructionwasfinancedbyinternationalaid.Between2005and2008,274buildings,totaling168,225m²,wereimproved.Thecostoverrunforinsulationremainedbelowtheestablishedlimitof12%.Energyneedscanbereducedby70%byusingimprovedinsulation.Theimprovementofthebuildingsalsomadeitpossibletoavoidreleasing18,000tonsofCO
2intotheatmosphereperyear.
Tunisia-EnergyefficiencyinthethermalregulationandconstructionsectorFGEFcontribution:1.9M€-Totalcost:10.3M€-2002.
Beneficiary:ationalAgencyforEnergyConservationofTunisia(ANME).
Theprimaryresultoftheprojectwastheenactingofpoliciesconcerningthermalregulationinbuildings,whichcameaboutafteralongexperimentalprocessthatmadeitpossibletodefineclimaticzonesandlabels.Theprojectmadeitpossibletoexperimentwithtoolsandconceptsoverapproximately50pilotprojectswhichvalidatedsimpleandlow-costtechniques.Thetechnicalimprovementsmakeitpossibletoforecastreducingenergyconsumptionby33%,andforsome60,000newhousingunits,tosubstantiallyreducetheamountofgreenhousegasesreleasedintotheatmosphere.Thesestandardsarenowappliedtoallnewbuildings.
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China-EnergyefficiencyprograminsocialhousingconstructionPhase1(1999–2004)/FGEFcontribution:3.3M€-Totalcost:96M€.
Phase2(2004–2009)/FGEFcontribution:2.7M€-Totalcost:297M€-2005.
Chinesepartners:ProvincesofHeilongjiangandLiaonning,CityofBeijing,CityofShanghai,ChineseMinistryofConstruction,promoters.
Frenchpartners:ADEME,MEEDDM,CSTB,Architectesthermiciensfrançais–internationalpartners:WorldBank/GEF.
TheFGEF,withtheassistanceoftheADEMEandteamsofFrenchthermalarchitects,hasbeensupportinganenergyefficiencyprogramforhousinginChinaforthelasttenyears.Initialeffortsfocusedonconstructingninesocialhousingunitsincoldregions.Theprogrammadeitpossibletoshowthatenergygainsof50%werepossibleforacostoverrunlimitedtobetween5and7%.Since2004,actionthemeshavebeenbroadenedtoincluderenovatingexistinghousingunitsandhousinginruralareasincoldregionsaswellasairconditioninginShanghai.Atthesametime,workonstandards,financialinstrumentsandthedisseminationofgoodpracticeshasbeencarriedoutwiththeMinistryofConstruction.
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Inafavorablecontext,characterizedbypoorpre-existinginsulationinbuildingsandhighlypollutantenergyproducts: thepre-diffusionoperations made it possible to make direct substantial savings: 250, 000 MWh/year, or avoiding the release of 238, 000 tons of CO
2
equivalent/yearintotheatmosphereandavoidingtheemissionoftheequivalentof9,520,000tonsofCO2anexpectedbuildinglifetimeof
40years.Identicalprograms,slatedtobeappliedtomillionsofsquaremeters,willmakeitpossibletoavoidreleasingtheequivalentof23,400,000tonsofCO
2peryear.
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Mexico–aidforconvertingmini-bussestonaturalgasintheFederalDistrictofMexicoFGEFcontribution:1.4M€-Totalcost:5M€-2000-2004.
Partners:FederalDistrict,EDOMEX,FrenchEmbassy.
TheprojectseekstoencouragetheuseofNaturalGasVehicles(NGV)bycollectivetransportationoperatorsinMexicoCity.Sevenhundredandseventysevenbusseshavebeenconvertedsofar,alongwithtwospecializedservicestationsandtheimplementationofanaidandfundingmechanismforthebusowners.TheFGEFsupportedthecreationofthisnewsector.
Vietnam-StudyofanintegratedandsustainablecollectivetransportationprojectforthegreaterHanoiareaFGEFcontribution:2M€.Totalcost:178M€-2005.
Partners:CityofHanoi,InstituteofScienceandTechniquesofEquipmentandEnvironmentfortheEnvironment(ISTED),DGTPE,AFD.
TheFGEFwillexaminethefeasibilityofanintegratedcollectivetransportationsystemcombiningbusandtramwaynetworksinthedowntownareaofHanoi.Separatesystemsforpedestriansandbicyclistswillalsobecreated.
Egypt-AidtoimproveurbantransportationinCairoFGEFcontribution:1M€-Totalcost:2.87M€-2009.
Partners:TheGeneralOrganizationforPhysicalPlanning(GOPP),theEgyptianEnvironmentalAffairsAgency—EEAAandtheauthoritiesofthegreaterCairoarea.
Thegoalistodevelopacollective,efficient,integrated,multimodal,hierarchicaltransportationnetworkthatisenvironmentallyfriendly.ItaimsatlimitingtheincreaseofautomobileusebyofferingsustainablecollectivetransportationsolutionsthatareunderpinnedbyEgyptianactors.
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IntransportationDevelopingandtransitioncountriesareundergoingstrongurbanization.Thisgrowth,whichisrelatedtoeconomicandsocialdevelopment,leadstonewneedsintermsofmobility.FGEFactionseekstodevelopintegratedandsustainabletransportationthatusescleancarbonfuelwithalowpollutionoutput.
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InindustryIndustryisoftenamajorconsumerofenergy,waterandothermaterials.Inaddition,certainprocessesproduceagreatdealofpollutionandgreenhousegases.TheFGEFsupportsimprovingenergyefficiencyintheseindustries,limitingtheGHGemissionsaswellasotheremissions.
Morocco-ReducingenergyandwaterconsumptionintheSidiBernoussiZentaindustrialzoneofCasablancaFGEFcontribution:0.83M€-Totalcost:1.94M€-2004-2009.
Partners:theAssociationofEconomicOperatorsoftheIndustrialZone(IZDIHAR),WorldBank,GEF.
FGEFactiondealswithimprovingtheenergyefficiencyofapproximately100industrialbusinessesandthedevelopmentofspecializedenergyefficiencyandenvironmentalprotectionservices.
Theprojecthasfourobjectives:
-Economic:improvingthebusiness’andindustries’productivitybyloweringenergycosts.Thegoalistoreduce fuelconsumptionby25%,electricityconsumptionby5%andwaterconsumptionby20%;
-Environmental:reducingtheCO2emissionsproducedbyconsumingenergy;
-Social:supportingplanstoabsorbshantytownsandfindnewhousingfortheirpopulations;
-Governance:buildingtheIzdiharassociation’scapacitiestoleadandpromoteactions,improveinfrastructures, developservicesintheindustrialzoneandsharetheexperienceinMoroccoandotherSouthernMediterranean countries.
Intotal,theprojecthasgenerated6.5M€ininvestmentattheindustrialzonelevel,makingitpossibletosave3.2M€yearintermsofenergyandwater(averagereturnoninvestmentis24months).IntermsofreducingCO
2
output,theinvestmentshavemadeitpossibletoreduceemissionsby16,000tonsperyear.
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MITIGATIONBYSEQUESTRATIONIN“CARBONSINKS”
Preserving natural carbon reservoirs
Developing carbon sinks
ForestsCombatingdeforestation
SoilAgro-ecology,agro-forestry,combatingdesertification
Oceans
Biological capturingPlantingforests
Geological sequestrationInjectingcarbonintosubterraneanreservoirs
PreservingnaturalreservoirsThebiosphereandsoilaremajornaturalcarbonreservoirs.TheFGEFencouragestheirpreservationthroughpromotingsustainablemanagementmethods.
Carbon storage
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InforestsTropicalforestsrepresent7%oftheexposedlandmass,andcontainmorethan50%oftheplanet’sbiodiversity.Theyarevictimsofmajordegradationaffectingmorethan7millionhectaresperyear.Tropicalforestecosystemdegradationisattheoriginof20%ofgreenhousegasreleasedbyman.Toresolvethissituation,theinternationalcommunityseekstosetupanewmechanism,whichcomplementstheprojectswhichareeligibleforCleanDevelopmentMechanism(CDM)status,whichwillslowthedegradationoftropicalforestecosystems(REDD).TheFGEFsupportstheimplementationoftheREDDfinancialmechanism,suchasCDM’s,indevelopingcountries.
Africa,LatinAmerica-CleanDevelopmentMechanismintheforestrysectorappliedtothecaseofsequestrationFGEFcontribution:2.3M€-Totalcost:7.62M€-2008.
Partners:ENDA,CILSS,UMEOA,OAB,IFIA,COMIFAC,CATIE.
TheobjectiveoftheCDMimplementationprojectintheforestrysectoristosimultaneouslypromotethefightagainstpovertyandthefightagainstclimatechangebyimprovingtheconditionsrequiredforthepresentationandtheapprovalofforestryprojectsintheCDMinAfricancountries.Theprojectwillmakeitpossiblefortheconcernedcountriesandcommunitiestomasterthespecificengineeringofthisnewfinancialtoolandtobenefitfromtheincomerelatedtoemissionsreductioncertificates.
Project title Country FGEF subsidy in M€
Total cost
Year
Conservationanddevelopmentsub-tropicalmountainforests(UpperBemejoecologicalcorridor)
Argentina 1 4.24 2004
SustainablemanagementofnaturalresourceswiththeindigenousMapuchecommunities
Chile 1.695 4.5 2003-2009
BiologicalcorridorofthePuraceandCuevalosGuacharosparks
Colombia 1.6 4.74 2002-2009
TheFGEFsupportedthecreationoftheCDMandvoluntarycarboncreditwiththefollowingforestryand/orbiodiversityprojects,whichencourage
carbonsequestration(formoreinfo,gotowww.ffem.fr):
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Inagro-ecologyThisverybroadtermreferstoadiverseseriesofagriculturaltechniquesandpracticesdevelopedoverthelast30yearsinvariousregionsoftheworld:directplanting,plantingonmulch,preservationtillingandnumerousothervariations,vegetablecoveringsandplantcoverings.Thefinalversionsofthesemethodshavetheeffectofpreservingsoiloverthelongtermandalsorestoringthephysical,chemicalandbiologicalconditionsnecessarytomakeitaveritableagriculturalproductiontool,onewhichisbalancedandwhichcanbeusedoverthelongterm.
“Agro-ecology”thusincludesallplantingtechniquesthatmeetthreemajorcriteria:notworkingthesoil,maintainingpermanentvegetablecoveronthegroundandplantingtheseedsthroughthisvegetablelayer.
AfricaandtheMediterranean/RegionalDevelopmentofagro-ecologyandcarbonstoringinintertropicalandMediterraneanagricultureFGEFcontribution:2.69M€-Totalcost:3.2M€-2008.
Themainobjectiveofthisplanistoestablishtransferanddevelopmentmechanismsforagro-ecologicaltechniques.Itshouldmakeitpossibletoachieveadaptationprojectsoftheagro-ecologicaltechniquesinseveralcountriesthatrepresentthevariouscontextsofdevelopingcountries,withacoordinatedapproachbyFrenchpartners(CIRAD,IRD,NGO’s,…)allowingforsynergiesthesharingofexperiences.
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CentralAfrica/Brazil-AidforthesustainablemanagementoftheforestsintheCongoRiverbasinandtheBrazilianAmazonbasin(REDD)FGEFcontribution:1.2M€-Totalcost:3.2M€-2006.
Partners:AFD,WWF,WCSandCI.
Currentnegotiationsaboutthefinancingmechanismofthereductionofemissionsrelatedtodeforestationandforestdegradation(REDD)provideanopportunitytostrengthenthesustainableforestmanagementpoliciesimplementedoverrecentyearsinthecountriesoftheCongoRiverbasinandthusencouragedevelopmentallthewhilemakingasignificantcontributiontothefightagainstclimatechange.
TheprojectintendstomakeacontributiontoforestplanningwithintheframeworkoftheREDDstrategiesinCentralAfricancountries,bydevelopingthefollowingorientations:
-poolingexistingknowledgeintheareasofevaluatingcarbonstocks;
-providingtheelementsnecessarytoassesstheimpactofforestmanagementoncarbonemissions;
-facilitatingexchangesbetweentheAmazonianbasinandAfricaontheseissues;
-providingCentralAfricannegotiatorswiththemeansnecessarytodefendtheirpositionsduringfutureclimate negotiations.
Thedestructionofthetropicalforestisattheoriginof20%ofthegreenhousegasemissionsproducedbyman.Confrontedwiththissituation,theinternationalcommunityhasbeennegotiatingafundingmechanismtoreduceemissionsrelatedtodeforestationandthedegradationofforestecosystems(REDD)since2007,whichistobeintegratedintoafuture“climate”agreementwhichshouldtakeoverfromtheKyotoProtocolin2012.
Intheframeworkofitssupportforthepreservationandthesustainablemanagementofforestecosystems,theFGEFsupportstheimplementationofthenewfinancialinstrumentbyfundingaspecificprogramforthefurtherconsiderationofforestplanningaspastoftheREDDmechanism.ThisprogramiscoordinatedbytheCenterforInternationalForestryResearch(CIFOR)andessentiallydealswiththecountriesofCentralAfricaandtheBrazilianAmazon.
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Adaptingtoreducevulnerability toclimatechangeTheimpactofclimatechangeisverybroad:modifiedrainpatterns,increasinglyfrequentextremeweatherevents,ariseinoceanlevels,freezingcrops,biodiversityvulnerability,…itisnecessarytoanticipatethesekindsofphenomenaandtodevelopstrategiesinordertoadaptthedifferentsectorsconcerned:environment,infrastructure,health,agriculture,energy,tourism.
Africa-Aidfortheimplementationoftheclimatechangewarningsystem(“VigiRisc”)FGEFcontribution:2M€-Totalcost:4M€-2008.
Partners:regionalAfricanorganizations,AfricanDevelopmentBank,regionalandglobalmeteorologicalorganizations.
ThegoaloftheprojectistomakeitpossibleforAfricancountriestoadapttotheincreaseinclimatechange.
Thespecificgoalisasfollows:thecapabilitiesoftheAfricancountriesforthepreventionofsocio-economicrisksandimpactrelatedtoclimatechangearestrengthenedthroughwarningproductsandservicesadaptedtodifferentsectors.
Climatechangeisfirstofallportrayedbyincreasedclimaticvariability,anddevelopingwarningandobservationsystemscanmakeitpossibletoallaytheimmediateconcernsofdecisionmakers,andparticipateintheadaptationeffortinthesectorsthatareclimatesensitive.
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IndianOcean-CapacitybuildingintheareaofadaptingtoclimatechangeintheIndianOceanFGEFcontribution:1M€-Totalcost:3.6M€-2009.
Partners:ndianOceanCommission,Frenchandinternationalinstitutionsinvolvedinclimateobservation,RegionofRéunion,ONERC(NationalObservatoryoftheEffectsofClimateChange).
ThenultimategoaloftheregionaladaptationprojectistheestablishmentofregionalcooperationbetweencountriesoftheIOCintheareaofadaptingtoclimatechange.ItsobjectiveistostrengthentheIOC’scapacitiesandthoseofitsMemberStatesintheareaofadaptingovertheshortterm,aswellasdevelopinglongtermprojectsandpolicies.
Project title Country FGEF subsidy in M€
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MappingoftheMaldivesandclimatechange Maldives 1.5 6.3 2009
Aidinadaptingtoclimatechangeintheareasofagricultureandwater
Africa/Regional
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AdaptingtoclimatechangeintheQuirimbasNationalPark
Mozambique 0.7 5.2620052009
TheFGEFalsosupportsthefollowingadaptationprojects:(formoreinfogotowww.ffem.fr):
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Partners:CEENU,FNU,UNEP,GEF,membercountries,MAEE.
Thisprojectispartofthe“EnergyEfficiency21”programsetupbytheCEENU.ItseekstopromoteenergyefficiencyinRussiaandseveralEasternEuropeancountries(Ukraine,Belarus…).Thegoaloftheprojectistoraiseawarenessamongactorsanddecisionmakers,tocreateanetworkofexperts,tostrengthenenergyefficiencypoliciesandtodeveloprenewableenergies.Lastly,itsupportsthecreationofa300M€public-privateinvestmentfundwhichmakesitpossibletoprovideincentivestotheenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergymarketintheregion.
ThroughspecializedenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyinvestmentfundsFinancingprojectinvestmentistheweaklinkindevelopingenergyefficiencypolicies.Themaininnovationoverrecentyearsintermsofencouraginginvestmentintheseareashasbeenthepublic-privateinvestmentfundspecializedinmakingdirectactionpossibletoprojectswithconsiderablescope,orhelpingenergyservicecompaniesthatundertakehigh-performanceprojectsundertheirownvolition(co-generation,rationalenergyuseprojects,renewableenergydevelopmentprojects).
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TheinvestmentsfinancedbytheAFDcreditlinewillmakeitpossibletoavoidreleasingfourmilliontonsofCO
2intotheatmosphereorthedurationoftheprojects.
China-AidforafinancingprogramforenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyinChinaFGEFcontribution:0.6M€-Totalcost:61.2M€-2008.
Partner:CapEnergies.
Attheendof2007,threeChinesebanks(HuaxiaBank,ShanghaiPudongDevelopmentBankandChinaMerchantsBank)eachsetup20M€worthofbankcreditlinestofinanceenergyefficiencyprojectsandtoshowthevalueofrenewableenergyfortheprivatesectorwiththehelpofAFD.
ThisgroundbreakingoperationseekstoinvolveChinesefinancialinstitutionsintheefforttoadaptthecountry’scompaniestotheimperativesofcontrollingenergyexpendituresandclimatechange.Tohelptheselinesofcredit,centralizedtechnicalassistancewasfinancedbytheFGEF.Thesewerelongtermcapacitiesintheareaofenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergywithineachbank,andprovidingthenecessarytoolsandmethodologies,allthewhileensuringconsistencyandsynergies.
Throughcreditlines/guaranteesDevelopingenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyinbothNorthernandSoutherncountriesrequiresadaptedfinancialtools,especiallydedicatedlinesofcredit.
Inordertobeefficient,thesecreditlinesmustbeaccompaniedby,amongotherthings,longtermanalysistoolsandcapabilitieswithinbanksaswellasadaptedlawsandregulations.Since2007,theFGEFhasbeendevelopingaseriesofassistanceprojectstobolstertheselinesofcredit.
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CentralAfrica-Showingthevalueofusingwoodwastefromsawmillsinforestrycompanyco-generationplantsFGEFcontribution:1M€-Totalcost:3.1M€-2009.
Partner:ATIBT.
Theprojectprovidestechnicalassistanceinsettingupbiomassco-generationplantsforsome20forestrycompaniesintheCongobasin.
Inadditiontocontributingtothefightagainstthegreenhouseeffect,theprojectwillexplorethepossibilityofprovidingelectricitytoimpoverished,isolatedruralpopulations.
Moreover,theprojectwillprovidethecompanieswithenergyindependenceandthusmakeitpossibleforthemtostrengthenheirstructuringroleinthenationaleconomy.
AidinthedevelopmentoftheCDMinAfrica:“AfricaAssist”FGEFcontribution:2M€-Totalcost:13.9M€-2006.
Partners:WorldBank,AFD,others.
TheFGEFcontributestothefinancingofacapacitybuildingprogramwithaviewtopreparingCDMprojectsinAfrica,inpartnershipwiththeWorldBankandAFD.Thisprogramseekstodeveloplearningcapacities(trainingexperts,identifyingandsupportingprojects,developingactors’networks).Inaddition,thegoaloftheprogramistoachievesome40standard-settingCDMprojects,thusprovidingforthestart-upofthismechanisminAfrica.
Asia-CDMinfourprovincesinthewestofChinaFGEFcontribution:0.75M€.Totalcost:1.5M€-2008.
TheprojecttargetedthereductionofgreenhousegasemissionsbyusingtheKyotoprotocolmechanismsallthewhilecontributingtothesustainabledevelopmentoffourChineseprovinces(Guizhou,Guangxi,SichuanandYunnan).ThismadeitpossibletosetupCDMcentersinfourprovincesoftheWestandtodevelopanassociatedportfolioofmorethan200CDMprojects,nineofwhicharebeingexaminedbytheExecutiveBoardoftheKyotoProtocol.ThisprojectfurtherfacilitatedtheimplementationofpartnershipswithdifferentexpertsandFrenchbusinesses:Sogreah,BureauVerita,EDF.
BymobilizingtheKyotoProtocol“flexibilitymechanisms”infinancing mitigation
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Draftingguideson“flexibilitymechanisms”InordertomeettherisingdemandsofourNorthernandSouthernpartnerstobetterunderstandandimplementationoftheKyotoProtocolmechanismsconcerningthecarbonmarket,theMEIE,MEEDDMandFGEFpooledtheirexperiencesin2008inordertodraftaninstructionaldocumenttitled“CarryingOutaCDMorJIprojectForReducingGreenHouseGasEmissions:WhatOpportunities?HowtoAct?”
Thisisthe3rdeditionoftheFrenchCDMandJIguidetargetingthepublicatlarge,developmentactorsorordinarycitizenslookingtoupdatetheirknowledgeonthecrucialand,atfirstglance,complexsubjectoffinancingclimatechange.
Project title Country FGEF subsidy in M€ Total cost Year
ChillerreplacementprojectinAfrica(AFROC)–FMPMFrenchbilateralfunding:0.44MEuros
Africa 0.75 5.3(includingFMPM:2.4M€,private:2.2M€)
2007
CleanDevelopmentMechanismintheforestrysector Africa 2.3 7.62 2008
SupportfortheCDMdevelopmentinAfrica:“AfricaAssist” Africa 2 13.9 2006
Showingthevalueofwoodwastefromsawmillsforuseinforestcompanyco-generationplants
CentralAfrica 1 3.1 2009
CDMinfourwesternprovincesinChina Asia 0.75 1.5 2008
“RuralCarbon”andcapacitybuildingprojectintheprovincesofYunnanandSichuan
China 1 2.5Projectidentified
in2009
ConstructionofanenergysavingtreatmentstationinFes Morocco 0.9 65.8 2008
TheFGEFcontributestotheemergenceofCDMandvoluntarycarboncreditsthroughthefollowingprojects(formoreinfo,gotowww.ffem.fr):
FINANCING ACTION COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE 35
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For further information, please contact:
Abroad •FrenchEmbassy
•CulturalActionandCooperationService
•EconomicExpansionOffice
•TheAFD’snetworkofagencies (inmorethan60countries)
InFranceFGEFpublicpartnerinstitutions
•MinistryoftheEconomy,IndustryandEmploymentDGTPE139, rue de Bercy – 75572 Paris Cedex 12Tel : + 33 (0) 1 44 87 73 58 www.economie.gouv.fr
•MinistryofForeignandEuropeanAffairs27, rue de la Convention – CS 91533 – 75732 Paris cedex 15Tel : + 33 (0) 1 43 17 90 00 www.diplomatie.gouv.fr
•MinistryofEcology,Energy,SustainableDevelopmentandSeaDAEISous-direction du Changement Climatique et du Développement DurableTour Pascal A92055 La Défense cedexTel : + 33 (0) 1 40 81 76 72 www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr
•MinistryofHighereducationandResearchDREIC1, rue Descartes – 75231 Paris cedex 05Tel : + 33 (0) 1 55 55 84 54 www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr
•AgenceFrançaisedeDéveloppement(AFD)5, rue Roland Barthes – 75598 Paris cedex 12Tel: + 33 (0) 1 53 44 31 31 www.afd.fr
•TheFGEFSecretariatAFD/STR5, rue Roland Barthes – 75598 Paris cedex 12Tel : + 33 (0) 1 53 44 42 42 – Fax : + 33 (0) 1 53 44 32 48www.ffem.frContact : [email protected]
Editing: FGEFGraphic creation:Printing ink on vegetable baseNovember 2009
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