Supply Chain Management Policy Review 2009/2010 Financial Year
Financial Management Policy
-
Upload
farheen-ahmed -
Category
Documents
-
view
7 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Financial Management Policy
1Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
To study the effects of managerial perception about social websites utility on their promotion of use among employees.
BY
Syed Ramiz Hussain
Syeda Maheen Ahsan
Arooba Siddiqui
M.Safwan Bin Tahir
Omer Farooque
Muzammil Paracha
A research submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelors of Business Administration to Iqra University Research Centre (IURC) at the Iqra University, main
campus, Karachi.
Karachi, PakistanNOVEMBER, 2011
2Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research report would not have been possible without the support of few people who
have always been kind and supportive with our research. Above all we would like to thanks
Allah Almighty who has always been kind and merciful and without whose consent nothing is
possible.
Moreover this research would not have been possible without the guidance, support and
patience of our supervisor Dr. M. I. Subhani, it is due to his immense knowledge, dedication
towards his students, our university and research projects that today we are able to complete this
report. Along with him the support and knowledge of our another supervisor Dr. Akif Hasan has
been really vulnerable and knowledge gaining, for which we are really grateful to them
We would like show our gratitude towards academic and technical staff of our university
specially the department of IURC who has been really helpful and provided their support
whenever we required. We would also like to thanks all the managers who were our respondents
and gave us their precious time.
In the end we would like to thanks all our friends and fellow students who helped us
throughout our research with their support, kindness and encouragement. However, the chances
of errors do remain, for which of course we are entirely to be held responsible.
3Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
ABSTRACT
In this report we would like to highlight the most used technology of today that is social website,
its usage in the organization and the way it is being perceived by the managers. Self developed
questionnaires were developed as per our dependent and independent variable that were filled by
300 managers from all over Karachi. This research helped us in analyzing the perception of
managers about the utility of social websites and their promotion of use among employees. The
finding of this research were estimated by applying Multi Nominal Regression on our data at
SPSS, which helped us in evaluating 10 sets of hypothesis relating to our title, which were
rejected and accepted according to the data filled by respondent.
4Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. ACKNOWLEDGMENT 2
2. ABSTRACT 3
3. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Over View1.2 Problem statement1.3 Hypothesis1.4 Outline of the Study1.5 Definitions
5
4. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 10
5. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS
3.1 Methods of Data Collection3.2 Sampling Technique3.3 Sample Size3.4 Instrument of Data collection
3.4.1 Validity and Reliability3.5 Research Model Developed3.6 Statistical Technique
17
6. CHAPTER 4: RESULTS4.1 Finding and Interpretation of the Results4.2 Hypothesis Assessment Summary
19
7. CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION, DISCUSSIONS, IMPLICATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
5.1 Discussions5.2 Implications and Recommendations5.3 Future Research5.4 Conclusion
22
8. References 25
5Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
As the world has stepped into 21st century, new technologies are also emerging with time and
it cannot be ignored by corporate world easily. Even if organization avoids bringing few
technologies probably because of the expense of running it or analyzing it, employees or
associates introduces it anyhow. Information and communication technologies are such one
technology which cannot be ignored despite of its disadvantages (Mattioli, 2009).
It is observed that having an Internet connection can be provide numerous benefits if it is
accessible at home, universities and organizations. Like at universities it helps students enhance
and increase their knowledge through various websites, moreover it also provide them a platform
through which they can get involve in healthy activates relating to their studies, general
knowledge, task related activities etc. It is also beneficial for virtual universities (Budden, et.al,
2007). Athavaley (2007) states that in modern era, internet helps in connecting customers and
suppliers from all over the world, making it more convenient to work through communication with
people outside the organization’s physical boundaries. Further it is also helpful for employees to stay
in touch with other globally. A supervisor can easily stay connected to its team member through a
medium which is effective and cost effective as well. Kadlec (2007) explains that making the use of
information available on internet, management can come up with new and innovative ideas. Online
training and workshop tutorial can help in providing less expensive coaching to employees who
makes them more efficient, productive, and career oriented. Along with organizations being able to
establish and manage their other branches across the global more easily.
6Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
However, Hoffman (2007) explains that like benefits there are also various disadvantages
relating to use of internet and social websites during work hours. The first and foremost
disadvantage is employees taking benefit of the internet access being provided to them, personal
use of internet during work hours in the absence of bosses or supervisors secondly organization
fear of losing confidential information, misuse of internet can lead to destructive step causing
loss of money in settlements, protecting computers, systems from viruses and above all the
misuse effecting employees efficiency and productivity level (Finder, 2006).
1.2 Problem statement
To study the effects of managerial perception about social websites utility on their promotion of
use among employees.
1.3 Hypothesis
Ho; Social Website provides a platform to build relationships has a significant impact on their
promotion of use among employees
H1; Social website helps eliminate the fatigues cause by the work has a significant impact on
their promotion of use among employees
H2; Social websites can bring employees in closer ties has a significant impact on their
promotion of use among employees
H3; Employees can fight against the negative things about the company floating in market (i.e.
blogs, news etc) has a significant impact on their promotion of use among employees
7Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
H4; Social websites facilitates open communication, leading to enhance information, discovery
and delivery has a significant impact on their promotion of use among employees
H5; Social website provides an opportunity to widen business contacts has a significant impact
on their promotion of use among employees
H6; Social websites allow employees to discuss ideas, post news, ask questions and share links
has a significant impact on their promotion of use among employees
H7; Social websites helps in targeting a wide audience, making it a useful and effective
recruitment tool has a significant impact on their promotion of use among employees
H8; Social websites improve business reputation and client base with minimal use of advertising
has a significant impact on their promotion of use among employees
H9; Social websites expands market research, implementation marketing campaigns, deliver
communications and directs interested people to specific websites has a significant impact on
their promotion of use among employees
1.4 Outline of the Study
The study is done on finding the managers perception about the social website utility on
their perception of use among employees. To find how different managers reacts about the usage
of social website from different organizations of Karachi. This study finds out whether
employers feels acceptable about the open access of Internet during work hours, or providing
limited access with complete supervision is necessary. Further this study also helps in
highlighting to what extent employers feels safe about the use of social website and internet and
8Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
how many hours in a day during work time is acceptable for them. Relationships between both
the variables are to be discussed in the report.
1.5 Definitions
1.5.1 Social Websites Utility
Studies has showed that use of social websites can prove to be beneficial if employees use it for
increasing their productivity, here productivity means that they use it in knowing their job better
(the one for which they are hired for).They can use it to make their links stronger with their
colleagues while it can also be used to built a stronger relationship with employees from other
organization working for them (Ferreira,2009).
Employees can also make use of these websites in communicating with their
customers which is in practices commonly these days. Social websites also helps in gaining
knowledge by giving them a platform to discuss common topics of interest, including work
colleague discussing internal and external information creating a healthy relationship among
employees and making the atmosphere of organization good in return (Ferreira,2009).
1.5.2 Promotion of Use among Employees
Anandarajan & Simmers (2003) highlights the fact that employees from different organization do
use internet during their work hours and even at home to socialize or increase their public
relations which can both be beneficial as well as harmful for the organization. It is helpful
because if employees are increasing their contacts then they are also introducing their
organizations hence, increasing the public image of the company and bringing it into highlights.
While the harmful aspect is leak of private information, chances of frauds increase as well. Apart
9Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
from socializing few job seekers also follow the internet regularly to look for job advertisements
apart from newspapers.
With the advancement in technology employees also take helps from internet as it covers
knowledge on every other topic which is very helpful for them like any other internet users these
days. Online activities, training, workshops help them in gaining knowledge according to their
job requirements (Buddin & Buddin, 2009).
10Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
Advancement in technology and the growth of Internet has resulted in employers
adopting measures to limit and restrict the use of Internet and computer by employees (Shu &
Ambra, 2010). This is done to ensure maximum productivity, maximize utilization of time and
to reduce the misuse of resources (Sipior & Ward, 1995; Alder et al, 2007). Although through
these measures efficiency can be controlled which leads to organizational effectiveness,
however, breach of ethics can also occur (Lease & Gordon, 2005, p.3). This can decrease the
satisfaction and trust in the employees (Lease & Gordon, 2005; Nord, McCubbins & Nord,
2006) thus makes one think whether enforcing these policies can have a consequence on the
productivity. The effects of electronic monitoring have been researched previously as well as a
topic of discussion among scholars (Shu & Ambra, 2010).
Definition of Social Network:
Using Internet, individuals find each other with common interests and allow them to ‘meet’
online (Mohmed & Rahman, 2010).
Increase in the use of Internet and computers have increased the risk of viruses, hacking and
other security issues (Vorvoreanu & Botan, 2000). This can result adversely on organizations
because of leakage of information and low productivity (Alder et al, 2006; Sipior & Ward, 1995;
Vorvoreanu, & Botan, 2000). Trying to have maximum utilization of time will cause fewer
distractions for the employees and will enable them to concentrate more on their work (Aral,
Brynjolfsson, & Van Alstyne, 2007). This way, employees will be more professionals about their
responsibilities inside the organization (Aral, Brynjolfsson & Van Alstyne, 2007).
11Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
Restricting the use of Internet can avoid the abuse of resources such as “excessive use of
bandwidth” (Cooke & Kroeze, 2004). The offences can include using personal files and music
files and major can include use of pornography (Pownell & Bailey, 2001; Cooke & Kroeze,
2004).
Employees Job Satisfaction:
The satisfaction level of employees is directly linked with change in work conditions and
environment (Oz, Glass & Behling, 1999; Nebeker & Tatus, 1993). Very strict monitoring can
also become a reason for high stress levels specially when it directly can impact on performance
(Nebeker & Tatus, 1993,p. 528). The belief-attitude-behavioral model by Ajzen (1980) says that
the attitude of employees like personality, traits etc can be checked in the same manner as
employees seek to find information. These can have an impact on satisfaction and performance
(Anandarajan & Simmers, 2003; Stanton & Weiss, 2000).
Privacy of Employees:
It has been found that the higher monitoring of employees performance and work can make
employees have a feeling of less privacy and freedom while working (Lane, 2003; Nord, Mc
Cubbins & Nord, 2006). This can become a reason for violation of the personal rights of
employees. Because of the different perceptions of privacy, the trust between the organization
and the employees is also greatly affected (Alder et al, 2006; Introna, 2000).
Perceived usefulness can be described as policy monitoring and its effectiveness as perceived by
the employee (Shu & Ambra, 2010). It becomes useless if employees fail to understand it or
refuse to follow it (Pownell & Bailey, 1999; Anandarajan & Simmers, 2003). Therefore, the
efficiency of policy monitoring cannot be fully attained ( Whitty, 2004).
12Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
Instead of monitoring by the organization, employees should self- monitor themselves which can
lead to positive effects on performance and individuals (Stanton & Weiss, 2000). Results show
that the attitudes of employees remain more or less the same and may not necessarily change
through monitoring the behavior (Anandarajan & Simmers, 2003). Even if strict monitoring is
done, employees make take long breaks; coffee breaks and socializes more (Anandarajan &
Simmers, 2003; Pownell & Bailey, 2001). Oz, Glass and Behling (1999) found that females
accept electronic monitoring more than males (Oz, Glass & Behling, 1999; Alder et al, 2006).
Growth of Social Networking sites:
In a survey (Marshall Kirkpatrick 2006), a growth of number of visitors to social networking
website has been observed. Few of these sites help in strangers connecting based on shared
interests and views (Mohmed & Rahman, 2010). All these sites expect one main factor from
each other while connecting, Trust (Mohmed & Rahman, 2010).
Trust and Privacy:
Mayer, Davis, and Schoolman (1995) defined trust as “ the willingness of a party to be
vulnerable to the actions of another party based on the expectation that the other will perform a
particular action important to the tractor, irrespective of the ability to monitor or control the other
party (Mohmed & Rahman, 2010). Trust is a main component of Social Exchange Theory
Roloff, (1981).
Groups on social networking websites allow people to share knowledge, share files and upload
pictures and videos (Mohmed & Rahman, 2010). Sharing information and work can be an
efficient source of communication and production for a company (Mohmed & Rahman, 2010).
13Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
With sources like Word, Excel and Powerpoint, employees can use and make their files of work
swiftly and effortlessly (Mohmed & Rahman, 2010).
Benefits of Internet:
There can be lot of benefits that can be gained from using Internet at home or work. Students
who have access to Internet can get more knowledge and information then those who don’t have
it (Alampay & Hechanova, 2010). For example in universities, teachers use information to teach
students with the most advanced and recent knowledge. Organizations can use their employees to
link to external world which makes coordination with global customers more cost-effective
(Gupta 2004). This enables employees to work in coordination with employees in different
geographical locations (Zweig 2001). Using social networking websites, distant employees can
be connected for communication through technology and helps supervision (Alampay &
Hechanova, 2010). Social networking websites enable file sharing of documents and other
information easier (Alampay & Hechanova, 2010). Also, the information that Internet provides
can be helpful in innovation and new forms of thinking (Alampay & Hechanova, 2010).
Misuse of Social Networking Websites:
Problems associated with misuse of Internet majorly include that employees can use these for
their self purposes that can go against official purposes (Gupta 2004). Also, misuse of computer
and email by employees in offices can cost heavily to organizations resulting in litigation,
lawsuits, theft and waste of resources (Alampay & Hechanova, 2010). Others include protection
14Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
of secrets, confidential information inorder to prevent viruses and consumption of storage space
(Overly 1999).
Internet use can be restricted by applying restrictions to some sites (Alampay & Hechanova,
2010). Also, employees should be monitored and their use on Internet should be regulated
(Alampay & Hechanova, 2010). Employees can be monitored through several ways. Wakefield
(2004) suggests two forms of employee monitoring of electronic activities. Firstly network
surveillance. This is done to track the visited sites (Alampay & Hechanova, 2010). The other
way is email-monitoring which monitors the emails sent by the employee (Alampay &
Hechanova, 2010).
Background of Social Websites:
Social activities of Internet have enabled marketers to reach their target markets and have given
them several opportunities (Buddin & Buddin, 2009). Three years back, Facebook came
exploding but was initially only limited to college students but now can be accessed by anyone
with a valid email id (Kornblum, 2006). It was found that students in Budden, et.al (2007) that
they spend major part of their routine time using social network websites. The total of the time
that they use on Facebook, My Space and other sites equal to 6.8 hours per week (Buddin &
Buddin, 2009).
Weiskirich & Murphy (2004) found that as the connectivity speed of Internet and its widespread
use is increasing so does the potential of students to use these sites even more. Davis et al found
that male students of public universities use internet much more then female students or students
of private universities.
15Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
Human Resource implications on use of Social Networking websites:
The use of Social networking websites is increasing at accelerating pace. Its major implications
come for HR managers (Buddin & Buddin, 2009). These websites are heavily used by
employers and job seekers (Buddin & Buddin, 2009). These websites are also used to improve
resumes with the skills that students develop by using them overtime (Buddin & Buddin, 2009).
A lot of organizations have started using these websites to look for candidates for vacant
positions (Buddin & Buddin, 2009). Companies use these sites to conduct background checks
for the resumes and applicants (Buddin & Buddin, 2009). Graduates have started using social
networking websites to market themselves and their skills for employment purposes (Buddin &
Buddin, 2009). Mattioli(2007) states that candidates should use newer technologies to market
themselves rather than using social networking websites.
Recruiters are using Facebook, LinkedIn and MySpace to search for new candidates (Athavaley,
2007). They say that using these sites, they can save their money and time which otherwise
would have caused them to waste a lot of time and money. Recruiters also use these sites for
relationship building with employees and to get their information (Buddin & Buddin, 2009).
Also, recruiters use these sites for background checks of potential employees (Buddin & Buddin,
2009). The websites become helpful for employees of business opportunities (Buddin & Buddin,
2009). Using these, professionals should connect to only those whi they can be helpful to and
those who can be helpful to them (Buddin & Buddin, 2009). Also, they should make sure that
these people don’t leak their personal information, infact this is important for all those who use
Internet (Buddin & Buddin, 2009).
16Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
Social networking websites such as Facebook have started allowing high level of surveillance as
users can go and get each other’s information and check out the profiles (Bosch, 2009). Some
studies show how librarians utilize the popularity of Facebook and its growing users to promote
awareness of cultural interests (Bosch, 2009). Downes (2007) claims that Facebook is different
from other sites as it provides stronger academic resources and its distinctive facilities can be
used better in educational context.
Virtual Workplace:
Nowadays, the information age we are living in is beyond space and time (McGregor, 2000). The
advancement in technology has made the business go boundary less, beyond buildings and
environments (Bennett, Owers, Pitt & Tucker, 2009). This is specially for organizations that are
very dispersed over different geographical boundaries (Bennett, Owers, Pitt & Tucker, 2009).
Bell et al. (2008) says that a workforce that is dispersed, its management can be done by assuring
great team work and generate new ideas which social networking websites can facilitate.
Through these advancements in technology, work can be done anywhere around the globe, office
have just become a mere a place to practice values and beliefs of organization (Bell et al., 2008).
Social networking websites facilitate in knowledge transfer and communication as it provides
formal and informal communication with other employees and clients (Bennett, Owers, Pitt &
Tucker, 2009). These sites also provide with games in order to maintain team spirit and
coordination among employees in distant places (Bennett, Owers, Pitt & Tucker, 2009).
17Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS
3.1 Method of Data Collection & Procedure:
The method chosen for data collection & procedure is person survey technique. The
instrument of data collection will be provided to managers through reference or request and
will be convinced by trying to explain the importance of research for future benefits and for
their organization. The hard work on data collection will last for 3 weeks and daily basis
contact will be kept with the managers to keep in track with them.
3.2 Sampling technique and procedures:-
Convenience sampling technique is the non probability sampling which has been
proposed for this research. It is very effective because time and cost of collecting information
is reduced. Researcher can choose the respondents at his convenience. In this research the
respondents will be the managers of the organizations. The respondents must be located in
Karachi.
3.3 Sample Size:
Proposed sample size for the research is 300 managers from different organizations of
Karachi.
18Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
3.4 Instrument of Data Collection:
Data collection will be done by developing and designing a questionnaire with sets of
questions to be filled by managers of different organizations. This question will be design in
a way that it satisfies and covers the entire variable.
3.5 Research Model Developed
This research is conducted by developing a model which is being based upon the hypothesis
that shows a multiple nominal regression being applied.
3.6 Statistical Technique
The statistical technique used in the research will be Regression. Multiple nominal
regressions are being applied in this research as multiple output of this research was to be
found
Social websites utility
Promotion of use among employees
19Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS
4.1 Finding and Interpretation of the result
Findings:
In order to conduct this research, we developed 10 sets of hypothesis which helped us toward the
final conclusion. The following hypotheses are as follows:
Ho; Social Website provides a platform to build relationships has a significant impact on their
promotion of use among employees
H1; Social website helps eliminate the fatigues cause by the work has a significant impact on
their promotion of use among employees
H2; Social websites can bring employees in closer ties has a significant impact on their
promotion of use among employees
H3; Employees can fight against the negative things about the company floating in market (i.e
blogs, news etc) has a significant impact on their promotion of use among employees
H4; Social websites facilitates open communication, leading to enhance information, discovery
and delivery has a significant impact on their promotion of use among employees
H5; Social website provides an opportunity to widen business contacts has a significant impact
on their promotion of use among employees
H6; Social websites allow employees to discuss ideas, post news, ask questions and share links
has a significant impact on their promotion of use among employees
20Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
H7; Social websites helps in targeting a wide audience, making it a useful and effective
recruitment tool has a significant impact on their promotion of use among employees
H8; Social websites improve business reputation and client base with minimal use of advertising
has a significant impact on their promotion of use among employees
H9; Social websites expands market research, implementation marketing campaigns, deliver
communications and directs interested people to specific websites has a significant impact on
their promotion of use among employees
Interpretation:
After analyzing the output it was found that only two independent variables that is H4 and H9 are
accepted as they have a significant effect on the dependent variables. While all other hypothesis
has been rejected as they does not have a significant effect on the dependent variables. It is
therefore concluded that social websites are helpful
In open communication, leading to enhance information discovery and delivery
It helps in expanding market research, implementing marketing campaigns, delivering
communications and directing interested people to specific websites.
4.2 Hypothesis Assessment Summary
Hypothesis Significance
Level
Status
Ho; Social Website provides a platform to build
relationships
.401 Rejected
H1; Social website helps eliminate the fatigues cause .431 Rejected
21Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
by the work
H2; Social websites can bring employees in closer ties .086 Rejected
H3; Employees can fight against the negative things
about the company floating in market (i.e. blogs,
news etc)
.469 Rejected
H4; Social websites facilitates open communication,
leading to enhance information, discovery and
delivery
.000 Accepted
H5; Social website provides an opportunity to widen
business contacts
.182 Rejected
H6; Social websites allow employees to discuss ideas,
post news, ask questions and share links
.307 Rejected
H7; Social websites helps in targeting a wide
audience, making it a useful and effective
recruitment tool
.748 Rejected
H8; Social websites improve business reputation and
client base with minimal use of advertising
.968 Rejected
H9; Social websites expands market research,
implementation marketing campaigns, deliver
communications and directs interested people to
specific websites
.000 Accepted
22Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION, DISCUSSIONS, IMPLICATIONS
AND FUTURE RESEARCH
5.1 Discussions
Previously there had been researches done on employee’s productivity and the use of internet
in the organization. In an organization the work environment has the most important role which
is being supervised by the manager which is been highlighted by many authors. While few
authors have also discussed the role of internet in modern era, including the perception of
manager’s or employers about the utility of social websites, internet and benefits associated with
it. Manager’s or employers do have an idea that internet is a benefit in today’s world and help
them in process like recruiting, advertising, training etc while there negative consequences has
also been discussed by several authors along with employees approach in this regard.
In this context, it is needed to understand that manager’s perception about the usage of social
website has an important role on the working environment and the way culture of organization is
to be shaped up. Like any other technology internet also has both its advantages and
disadvantages and it’s not the technology but the way it is used makes it beneficial or harmful for
others. Therefore managers and employees both have to understand their roles in this regard.
5.2 Implications
This research has a very significant as above mentioned variables that are social websites utility
and its promotion of usage among employees both are very important for employees and
organization’s productivity.
23Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
5.3 Future Research
According to the research and this study it is concluded that manager’s perception about the
social website utility and their promotion of use among employees is somewhat positive. In
future other researches taking the same topic can be done by adding more variables while the
relationship among variables can also be managed in different way to study their effects.
5.4 Conclusion
This study on the effects of manager’s perception about the social website utility on their
promotion of use among employees has concluded that only to some extent the use of social
websites are beneficial for the organizations. It helps in opening communication mediums,
enhancing and promoting easy information discovery and delivery. Moreover it also helps in
expanding market research, implementing marketing campaigns, delivering communication and
directing the interested people towards the specific useful websites. Apart from these benefits,
social website does not have any other useful benefits on the employees or organizations
according to the manager’s perception.
24Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
References:
Ajzen I., Fishbein M. 1980.Understanding attitudes and predicting social bheavior, Prentice-Hall.
Alampay, E and. Hechanove, M. 2010. Monitoring Employee Use of the Internet in Philippine Organizations, EJISDC, 40, 5, 2-4.
Alder, G.S., Noel, T. W., & Amrose, M.L., 2006, ‘Clarifying the effects of Internet monitoring on job attitudes: The mediating role of employee trust’, Information and Management, Vol 43, 894-903.
Alder, G.S., Schminke, M., Noel, T ,W., & Kuenzi, M. 2007. Employees Reactions to Internet Monitoring: The Moderating Role of Ethical Oirentation. Journal of Business Ethics,20, 481-498.
Anandarajan,M. & Simmers,C. 2003. Personal Web Usage in the Workplace-Impact of Personal Internet Usage on Employee’s Well-Bring’ Hershey,PA: Idea Group Publishing, 168-185.
Athavaley, A. 2007. Job references you can‟t control. The Wall Street Journal, (Eastern edition), D.1.
Burns, M., Craig, R. and Friedman, B. 2009. Transforming Enterprise Communications Through the Blending of Social Netwroking and Unified Communications, Bell Labs Technical Journal, 16(1), 26-27.
Budden, C.B., Anthony, J. F., Budden, M.C. and Jones, M.A. 2007. 3rd Quarter. Managing the evolution of a revolution: Marketing implications of internet media usage among college students. College Teaching Methods and Styles Journal, 3(3), 5-10.
Budden, C. and Budden, M. 2009. The Social Network Generation And Implications For Human Resource Managers, Journal of Business & Economics Research, 7, pp 10-11.
Cooke, P. & Kroeze, J.H. 2004.The impact of the Internet on organizational culture within the IT industry, ACM International Conference Proceedings Series,75, 166-175.
Finder, A. 2006. Guess Who‟s Looking at Your Web Page? New York Times Upfront, 139 (2), 16-17.
Hempel, J., Lehman, P. 2005. The MySpace generation. Business Week, 3963, 88-93.
Hoffman, T. 2007. The Recruit/Retain Shuffle. Computerworld, 41(31), 28-32
Kadlec, D. 2007. You Ought a Be in Facebook. Money, 36 (10), 44-44.
Lease, D. & Gordon, J .2005. Balancing Productivity and Privacy; Electronic Monitoring of Employees, Management and Business Review, Retrieved 6 November 2008 from drdavidlease.com/user/Employee%20 Monitoring.pdf.
Millar, E. 2007. A New Use for Facebook. Maclean’s, 120 (38), 60-60.
25Manager’s Perception on the Social Websites Utility
Mohmed et.al. 2010. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology ,2(10), pp 5245-5248.
Nebeker, D. M., & Tatum, B. C. 1993. The Effects of Computer Monitoring, Standards, and Rewards on Work Performance, Job Satisfaction and Stress, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 7, 508 – 536.
Nord, G. D., McCubbins, T. F., & Nord J. H. 2006. E-Monitoring in the Workplace: Privacy, Legislation, and Surveillance software: Protecting the corporation while respecting employee privacy – an old puzzle made more complex with new software. Communications of the ACM, 49, 8, 73 – 77.
Oz, E., Glass, R., & Behling, R.. 1999. Electronic workplace monitoring: what employees think, OMEGA, The International Journal of Management Science, 27,2, 167-177.
Pownell, D., & Bailey, G.D. 1999. Electronic Fences or Free-Range Students: Should Schools Use Internet Filtering Software? Learning and Leading with Technology.
Sipior,J.C., & Ward, B. T. 1995. The Ethical and Legal Quandary of Email Privacy: E-mail isn’t as private as you may think, Communications of the ACM, 38, 12.
Toorn, C., and Shu, A. 2010. Assessing the Impact of Organizational Internet and Email Monitoring Policy on Australian Employees. AMCIS 2010, 1-3.
Weisskirch, R., Murphy, L. 2004. Friends, porn, and punk: sensation seeking in personal relationships, internet activities, and music preference among college students. Adolescence, 39(154), 189-201.
Whitty, M. T. 2004. Should Filtering Software be utilized in the Workplace? Australian Employees’ Attitudes towards Internet usage and Surveillance of the Internet in the Workplace Surveillance & Society, 2,1,39-54.
Whittu, M.T., & carr, A. N. 2006.Newrules in the workplace: Applying object-relations theory to explain problem Internet and email behavior in the workplace, Computers in Human Behavior, 22,2,235-250.