Finals Animals – Parts – Naming terms Behavior / Restraint Medical Terminology Veterinarian and...
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Transcript of Finals Animals – Parts – Naming terms Behavior / Restraint Medical Terminology Veterinarian and...
![Page 1: Finals Animals – Parts – Naming terms Behavior / Restraint Medical Terminology Veterinarian and Vet Tech Basic Anatomy – Skeletal – Digestive – Muscular.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d355503460f94a0d231/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Finals
• Animals– Parts– Naming terms
• Behavior / Restraint• Medical Terminology• Veterinarian and Vet Tech• Basic Anatomy
– Skeletal– Digestive– Muscular– Respiratory– Nervous
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S K E L E T A L , M U S C U L A R , D I G E S T I V E , R E S P I R A T O R Y A N D N E R V O U S
PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
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BONE PROBLEMS – PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
• Hip dysplasia• Invertebral disc disease
• Herniated disc• Ruptured disc• IVDD
• Osteochondrosis dissecans• OCD
• OsteoarthritisDegenerative Joint Disease / DJD
• Spondylosis• Luxation and Subluxation (complete vs partial)
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IVD – INVERTEBRAL DISC DISEASE
• Can happen suddenly or slowly
• Can cause paralysis
• CT junction• TL junction• Breed
propensity• Treatment
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SPONDYLOSIS
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OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS - OCD
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LUXATING PATELLA
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Normal hip joint
Hip Joint = Coxofemoral jointSubluxation = femoral head slips in and out of acetabulum
HIP DYSPLASIA
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FHO –FEMORAL HEAD OSTECTOMY
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MUSCULAR SYSTEM
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PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
• Ataxia-lack of voluntary control of muscle movement
• Atonic-lacking muscle control• Dystrophy-defective growth• Fibroma-tumor composed of fibrous
connective tissue• Hernia- protrusion of an organ or fascia
through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it
• Laxity-looseness• Myopathy-abnormal condition of
disease of muscle• Tetany – muscle spasms or twitching
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Ataxia-lack of voluntary control of muscle movement “wobbliness”
Tetany-muscle spasms or twitiching
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• Borborgymus• Trichobezoar• Cribbing• Colic• Gastric Dilation Volvulus (GDV)• Cleft palate• LDA
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
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BORBORGYMUS
• Bowel sounds, “stomach” rumble, peristalic • Rumble, gurgle, growl
• produced by movement of the contents of the gastro-intestinal tract as they are propelled through the small intestine muscle contractions (peristalisis)
• can be loud enough to be heard with bare ears or may need a stethoscope to hear
• fluid and gas moves forward in the intestines (in the vicinity of but not actually within the stomach).
• The lack of bowel sounds is indicative of ileus, intestinal obstruction, or some other serious pathology.
• Also associated with hunger
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
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TRICHOBEZOAR • Mass of hair• Formed in the gastrointestinal
system• “hairball”• Can cause obstruction and have to be surgically removed
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MEGAESOPHAGUS
• Food stays in the esophagus• Esophagus stays enlarged• Lack of peristalis• Food never enters stomach• Food is regurgitated• Food may be aspirated
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
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CLEFT PALATE
• Abnormal opening between nasal passages and mouth
• Interferes with eating• Respiratory difficulty
(aspiration pneumonia)
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CRIBBING
• “windsucking”
• Also affects neck and back muscles due to the posture that is assumed when crbbing
• Boredom, endorphine release, possible ulcers
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
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COLIC
• Abdominal pain• Different causes
• Obstruction• Impaction• Inflammation
• Colitis, enteritis, peritonitis
• Twisted / ”strangulation”• Volvulus, torsion, intussusception
• Parasites
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
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GDV
• Gastric Dilatation Volvulus• Stomach fills with air, twists on it’s axis
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• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VG4fYmcNCdM
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0JJnShl638I (good real life video!)
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
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DISPLACED ABOMASUM• Left Displaced Abomasum• Right Displaced Abomasum
• More room for complications (torsion)
LDA
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• LDA• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLAj_rcqpPM
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Epistaxis• Nosebleed• Icepack on nose to constrict blood vessels• Causes
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While there are many causes of epistaxis in dogs, the most common causes are trauma and infection.
•Rodenticide or rat poisoning•Von Willebrand's disease (vWD)•Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)•Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia •Ehrlichiosis - tick-borne disease•Rocky Mountain spotted fever - tick-borne disease•Hemangiosarcoma •Other cancers, especially of the nasal passages and skull•Fungal diseases (Aspergillis)•Horses: Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage
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TRACHEAL FOREIGN BODY
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COLLAPSED TRACHEA
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THORACENTESIS
• Hemothorax – blood• Pyothorax – pus• Pneumothorax - air• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3Rxult05Cg• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZK5dC6KxLKc
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INFLAMMATION OF
• Rhinitis• Laryngitis• Pharyngitis • Bronchitis• Tracheitis• Tracheobronchitis
• Kennel Cough
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FLUID OR INFLAMMATION
• Pulmonary edema• fluid accumulation in the air spaces and parenchymaof the lungs. It leads to impaired gas exchange and may cause respiratory failure.
• Pneumonia• an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the alveoli.
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• Snuffles• Pasteurella
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DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA
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NERVOUS SYSTEM
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PATHOLOGY
• Ataxia:• Damage, degeneration or
loss of nerve cells in the part of your brainthat controls muscle coordination(cerebellum), results in ataxia
• Without coordination• Stumbling
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• CP Deficit• Conscious Proprioceptive
Deficit• Neurological defect in
which the animal appears not to know where its limbs are“knuckling”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JM-Wds_L7vI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=06KO0q2ZZ5A
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HORNER’S SYNDROME• Drooping eyelid• Affected eye constricts• Affected eye appears
sunken• The third eyelidmay
appear red• With cats
• Blunt force trauma• Tumor
Horner's Syndrome is a common neurological disorder of the eye and facial muscles, caused by dysfunction of the sympathetic nervous system.
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VESTIBULAR DISEASE
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zcX0-UWig1s
The vestibular system is responsible for maintaining normal balance. The vestibular system has central components located in the brain, and peripheral components located in the inner and middle ear.
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PARAPLEGIA
• Paralysis of the hindlimbs
• Para (nervous system)
means hind or lower portion
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POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA
• PEM• Abnormal softening
ofthe gray matter of the brain
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EQUINE LARYNGEAL HEMIPLEGIA
• Called roaring• Noisy respiration/
narrowed larynxNerve fiber degeneration of a laryngeal nerve
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PTOSIS OR -PTOSIS
• Prolapse or drooping
• Falling downward• Upper eyelid