ADS: AIR

JOURNAL

Joonil Kim 387116

Bachelor of Environments 3rd Year Student

CONTENTS

CASE FOR INNOVATIONARCHITECTURE AS DISCOURSE

COMPUTATION IN ARCHITECTUREPARAMETRIC DESIGN

CONCLUSION

RESEARCH PROJECT: CUTRESEARCH PROJECT: CUT: DEVELOP

RESEARCH PROJECT: CUT: DEVELOP: CASE STUDYRESEARCH PROJECT: CUT: DEVELOP: CASE STUDY: REVERSE-ENGINEER

CONCLUSION

RESEARCH PROJECT: CUT: FABRICATERESEARCH PROJECT: CUT: DEVELOP: FABRICATE

CONCLUSION

EXPRESSION OF INTERESTSITE ANALYSIS

DESIGN NARRATIVECASE STUDY: LIGHT AND SHADOW

CASE STUDY: MOVEMENTCASE STUDY: MATERIALITY

GROUP CASE STUDY: AIRSPACE TOKYO

WYNDHAMCITY GATEWAY PROJECTDESIGN BRIEF

DESIGN PROCESSFINAL DESIGNFINAL MODEL

SECTION MODEL

LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMESREFERENCES

“ C r u m p l e d , f o l d e d , r o u n d e d s h o w - o f f “ w o w ” b u i l d i n g s w i l l b e c o m e i n c r e a s i n g l y c o m m o n p l a c e — b u t t h ey ’ l l n o l o n g e r b e d e -s i g n e d by t h e s t a r s . T h e o n l y t r u e s t a r s w i l l b e t h e g u y s w h o d e s i g n t h e p a r a m e t r i c s o f t w a r e . ”

K a r r i e J a c o b s

CASEFOR

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The Water Cube, or Beijing National Aquatic Centre, it is an eye-catching Olympics architecture designed by Australia’s PTW Architects in 2008. $200 million was invested on this project to become China’s elegant and light-weight rectangular box thatcovered in iridescent bubble wrap. The design of this fabulous architecture associates water as a structural and thematic leitmotif that is important in Chinese mythology. The undefined cluster of foam bubbles in façade symbolizes a condition of nature that is transformed into a condition of culture.

ETFE, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, is the main material used in bubble construction in Water Cube. The 100,000 square meters of translucent EHFE allows the bubble cladding to receive much solar heat, therefore, it makes easier to warm the building. At night, bubbles are lighting by the futuristic LED inside that creates aesthetical feature in this architecture.

Overall, the Water Cube is a symbolic architecture that provokes the hope to the limits and potential of parametric design and digital fabrication. This example proved that the complexity can exist within very simple designed form, the cuboid of the Water Cube; therefore, it will encourage us to approach easier to the complexity in design for Wyndham Gateway project. Consideration in materiality, especially ETFE, will also lead us to challenge to much complex, irregular and large-sized design.

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The Seed Cathedral was a project developed by Heatherwick Studio. It was a project that attempts to showcase the natural roots of the United Kingdom. Underlying the intension of this cathedral is to advertise the region. Since the region has been famous for collecting different trees and flowers’ seed. Therefore, Heatherwick Studio decided to use the seeds as an inspiration and basic idea for this project, so the outcome would integrate with the nature. Also, they decided to locate the seeds into the rod, so it may encourage people to come closer and look inside. This project showed that little ideas can develop into such a landmark of a region with the respect for the region’s originality.

For Wyndham Project, we would be encouraged to use computational technique to develop our ideas (although if it is tiny idea) into something grandeur and extraordinary. Moreover, the project’s respect for the region, it would make us to think to consider more and have a respect for the site before the design.

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‘Buildings, prior to the Renaissance, were constructed, not planned’

Before the period of Renaissance, most buildings were constructed by craftsmen without proper plans or design ideas. Only the well-trained and outstanding craftsmen were qualified to construct architectures. However, restrict rules and hierarchy among them existed by the pride provoked from training and specialization, therefore, they were slow in adapting new technologies.

‘…architects ceased to be technicians…became designers’

Renaissance architects started to do design with scaled drawings which became the primary medium to communicate with builders. Moreover, it enabled designers to interpret their ideas and design approaches to their clients to help them understanding.

ONCE UPON A TIME...

Parametric Modelling

Ambitious architectural design has similarity that they often rely on contemporary computational technologies. Parametric design and freeform surface modelling tools enable the creation of complex geometries that challenge present construction methods. The effort of work and the process of geometry translating into shop drawings, producing construction elements and collecting them on site are multiplied by the numerous different parts and the element variations, therefore, complexity in construction goes up extremely high.

To handle projects in parametric design, drawings and specs are supported and completed by CNC production code, parts labelling and other special strategies. To manage this various elements and minimization of the variation, documents are normally produced by parametric 3D models which are highly specialized BIM, Building Information Modelling.

BIM

BIM (Building Information Modelling) software are invented and developed only for the people work in architecture and construction industry. BIM software has similarities to CAD software as it enables architects to produce 2D and 3D documentations such as plans and sections, however, BIM contains architectural information which CAD doesn’t. For example, when designers draw a wall in CAD, CAD does not categorize it as a wall (it categorizes it as a long rectangle closed by 4 lines), however, BIM can categorize it, therefore, it shortens the time for architects to produce documentations.

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VORONOI PATTERN

A voronoi diagram is a special kind of decomposition of a metric space determined by distances to a specifi ed discrete set of objects in the space.

Rhinoceros + Grasshopper

Number of 3D modelling software and plug-ins such as Rhino and Grasshopper encourage designers to approach to parametric design.

It enables to create much more complex, flexible and mathematical design.

Poreux: A Voronoi Skyscraper

Poreux is a proposed project for Docklands waterfront in Melbourne. A voronoi pattern is used as the basis of the design concept as an attempt to evenly distribute density of programs and population vertically and horizontally, diffusing the hierarchical organization inherent in a city iron grid to encourage every network reaching its potential.

This fabulous computation technique allows to design this beautiful and futuristic architecture. For Wyndham City project, various patterns and geometry would be encouraged to apply onto the surface to express itself as a parametric architecture.

FLUX EXHIBITION

The Flux Exhibition was a design exhibition organised and hosted by the students of California College of the Arts in 2009. The description of the exhibition was expressed as an exploration of contemporary architecture and design that forms a connection with new design strategies based in parametric modelling, digital material fabrication and scripting.

An innovative exhibition has been designed in which advanced software and generative design methods create an engaging and beautiful structure upon which document briefs merge with the offset planes consisting of design works from professions like architects and designers. By utilizing the computational techniques and digital fabrication tools, this unique and spatial experience in Architecture was able to be constructed.

For Wyndham project, the use of software, especially rhino and grasshopper scripting, will encourage us to design something looks more flexible and repetitive that would provide opportunities to architecture to give a sense of movement and also to provoke beautiful light effects.

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GRASSHOPPER DEFINITION

The image shown below is the final grasshopper definition that enabled designers to create these aesthetic but complex Flux Exhbition panel.

It is fairly surprised that those connections of inputs and outputs actually visualise the shape of the exhibition panel. The complexity of using grasshopper would be the most tough obstacle to be overcome for the best Wyndham City project outcome

Throughout all the research during week 1 to 3, has given me a basic clue of what computational design technique, scripting and parametric design before going deeply through the complex digital works.

The most valuable experience I have achieved from Case For Innovation is that I now realise there are many modern architectures parametrically designed these days such as the Watercube in Beijing; and even though they are in simple geometric form, they express themself by representing modern construction techniques, materials and concepts.

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RESEARCHPROJECT

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M AT R I X

We were asked to generate numerous matrix with given CUT grasshopper definitions. There were three different categories: inputs, associations and outputs. By combining each definition, we were able to create number of matrix in various patterns and shapes. And, various patterns and shapes of matrix created something more interesting that they visualised features such as movement, hierarchy and more.

Rotation definition for outputs enables the matrix to be spread or squeeze along XYZ vector axis. Most rotation defintion outcomes visualise the sense of movement.

Throughout numerous experiments with grasshopper function and CUT definitions, we were able to create matrix points in different figures and shapes such as matrix in sphere (below).

M AT R I X

We were asked to generate numerous matrix with given CUT grasshopper definitions. There were three different categories: inputs, associations and outputs. By combining each definition, we were able to create number of matrix in various patterns and shapes. And, various patterns and shapes of matrix created something more interesting that they visualised features such as movement, hierarchy and more.

The 4 matrix above are made up of same 3 definitions. The difference in extrusion length and density between points enable us to create various and dynamic shapes.

Matrix below visualises the hierarchy with irregular differences in extrusion length.

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Airspace Tokyo, JapanAirspace Tokyo by Faulder’s Studio is four multi-family dwelling units located in the Kitamagome Ota-ku district in Japan. The extraordinary façade was designed by Thom Faulders, and then developed in collaboration with digital technologists to make it exist in real life. The façade design was inspired by the abundant vegetation that previously existed site; the façade comprises 4 different overlapping organic patterns. Each screen has an air gap of 15cm in-between; however, the thickness of the screen is visually enlarged by the effect of the compressed patterns making the screen a dynamic buffer of shadows and oddly framed views.

Airspace Tokyo, JapanAirspace Tokyo by Faulder’s Studio is four multi-family dwelling units located in the Kitamagome Ota-ku district in Japan. The extraordinary façade was designed by Thom Faulders, and then developed in collaboration with digital technologists to make it exist in real life. The façade design was inspired by the abundant vegetation that previously existed site; the façade comprises 4 different overlapping organic patterns. Each screen has an air gap of 15cm in-between; however, the thickness of the screen is visually enlarged by the effect of the compressed patterns making the screen a dynamic buffer of shadows and oddly framed views.

Voronoi Pattern

The pattern used in façade skins of the Airspace Tokyo is the voronoi pattern which I explained briefly in week 2 journal. As it was mentioned in previ-ous page, design of the façade was inspired by the abundant vegetation that existed in the site before construction.

The use of voronoi pattern on the skin enabled designers to express respect towards the nature. Also, pattern encourages people to bring up the image of sense of movement. Light and shadows generated through the holes from voronoi pattern amplifies the visual rhythm of this architecture.

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REVERSE-ENGINEERIn grasshopper plug-in, there are functions which enable to create 2D/3D voronoi pattern. However, it was tough for scripting beginner to create voronoi without information and assistants. Through watching numerous videos on YouTube, I was able to create very simple voronoi onto 3D surface.

The holes generated by voronoi pattern were variable depending on points. Difference in number and density of the points had enormous effects on pattern and size. By giving or non-giving fi llet radius to the voronoi, I was able to create voronoi in same pattern and regularity but in different atmosphere.

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Research Project: CUT

was the tough stage I had to take through this subject. Due to the mere knowledge in grasshopper at the start, gave me much trouble before every steps I had to take.

Playing and experiments with CUT grasshopper definitions were fairly interesting as some combinations of definition created matrix in extraordinary forms.

Throughout research on given case study was a great opportunity for me to know what voronoi pattern is ahd how to generate it. For Wyndham City project, the use of voronoi pattern in design would increase the possiblity of producing great designed outcomes.

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TEPROCESSR h i n o f i l e w i t h w e l l - o r g a n i s e d l ay e r s , t h e n

G e t M a t e r i a l s ( P l y w o o d 3 m m t h i ck ) , t h e n

L a s e r C u t .

Double-layered SkinB y u s i n g t w o d i f f e r e n t v o r o n o i p a t t e r n s o n t w o d i f f e r e n t f l a t s u r f a c e s , I w a s a b l e t o c r e a t e v e r y s i m i l a r s k i n w h i ch r e m i n d s m e o f t h e c a s e s t u d y, A i r s p a c e To k y o . T h e o u t c o m e , p h y s i c a l v o r o n o i m o d e l ’ w a s s u c c e s s f u l l y f a b r i c a t e d t h r o u g h l a s e r c u t t i n g .

R e f e r s t o t h e c a s e s t u d y, f a ç a d e o f A i r s p a c e To k y o c r e a t e s s o m e f e a t u r e s s u ch a s a s e n s e o f m o v e m e n t , a n d g e n e r a t e s g r e a t s h a d o w s by p l ay i n g w i t h l i g h t s . P h y s i c a l m o d e l a l s o s u c c e e d t o c r e a t e a l l t h e e f f e c t s m e n t i o n e d : p h o t o s a r e p r e p a r e d i n n e x t p a g e .

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Double-skinned voronoi creates fabulous shadow through intense light.

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Voronoi pattern I generated from CUT: DEVELOP stage were asked to be fabricate as an actual model; and experiment onto the model with light, shadow or elements enabled to create vari-ous features such as movement and aesthetic hierarchy.

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Location of the SiteAccording to the figure in the previous page, the driveways adjacent to the sites run in two directions, there are highway toward the view for installation to catch the most views for people who enter the city is the site A and Site B, which is one of the major highway between the interchange of entering city and country.

Viewport ControlThe site plan above, shows the view from 2 perspectives of the gateway installation from the East and West side of the high way road, it is crucial to locate the project on a central point so that most the vehicles can observe it.

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Design Narrative

Client’s aspiration:Wyndham city is known for the way in which it has preserved and developed its attributes to create a prosperous and exciting place in which to live and work. (Wyndham City, 2011-2015). One of the vision of city planning of Wyndham city is to create a city image by improve Wyndham’s gateways, open space areas and streetscapes to enhance the aesthetics and amenity for residents, businesses and visitors, in the same time its improve the visual appearance to encourage a sense of pride and as a place to live, work and invest in Wyndham City. (The Quality Community Plan 2007)

Intended for:The installation for Gateway in Wyndham city is intended for local resident, visitor and motorist that travelling along the Princess Freeway and the urban precinct of the municipality.

Design Intention:• A visual sense for the site.• An eye-catching and iconic installation that create awareness of existing gateway.• Interconnection between the human and nature environment.• Exploring a way that architecture is the catalyst in which people experience this perpetuated journey.• Focuses on how the journey, lighting, pattern and movement affects its users and appreciate the existing experience as well as the destination.

Function:Function as a Public Art along the way to Princess Freeway. Public art providing opportunities for artistic self-expression, community dialogue, education and enjoyment, inspiring participation in appreciation and creation of art, and enhancement of the physical infrastructure and environment. Public art is specifically designed and created for display in the public realm that enhances the natural or built environment.

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Casalgrande ceramic cloud, by Kengo KumaThis sculpture is conceived as a synthesis between artificial and natural elements: the vibrant ceramic wall is the symbol of a refined work of the intellect, whereas the surrounding space, including water surfaces and pebbles, is full of hints to a Zen garden, according to the typically Japanese vision in which nature and artificial interventions are the opposite but not conflicting and ends of a constantly balanced and stimulating dialogue.

Related to the project Whynham City, the characteristics of lights and shadows plays important roles in creating experience of a journey through path way of one destination to another destination by creating different sense of environment and inspired the beauty of nature landscape around us. It give us pause for thought and encourage us to look at our surroundings with new eyes and be freshly engaged by the peripheral subtleties that normally pass us by as a “topological space” from which the view can frame portions of scenery, a filter between the nature and the observer.

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Voussoir Cloud, by IwamotoScott ArchitectureUsing a system of three-dimensional modules formed by folding paper thin wood laminate along curved seams which produced a form that relies on the internal surface tension to hold its shape and allows for a structural porosity within the constraints of sheet material. The form-finding exploration of the whole is dependent on the geometric performance of the individual units and their relation to the gallery walls. To do this, a computational script was developed for the Rhino model that managed the petal edge plan curvature as a function of tangent offset, the more the offset and the greater the curvature.

Related to the project Wyndham City, the gateway project could be experience using the complex calculations that allow a diverse range of complex forms to be created with great ease using computer algorithms.

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The Water Cube, by PTW ArchitectsETFE, Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene, is used in façade construction in some modern buildings. Bubble-shaped skin on façade of the Water Cube in Beijing is also made up of ETFE instead of using glass and plastic. Compared to the glass, ETFE transmits more light, has better insulation, and is much cheaper in installation. The major reasons of using this material in modern architecture (possibly parametric design) are its lightweight and stretchability that ETFE can be stretched to three times of its length without loss of elasticity.

These benefits of ETFE contribute a lot to the Water Cube: good transmission of light enables Water Cube to shine with artificial but beautiful light during the night time, and the extraordinary elasticity of ETFE allows the skin to be shaped in bubble-like form.

Related to the Wyndham City project, the use of modern materials like ETFE instead of glass and plastic could generates possibilities to design to have more dynamic forms in various sizes. To add, dynamic forms could help to create senses of movement or aesthetic from the design.

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AIRSPACE TOKYO, by Faulders Studio

Light and shadow Air Space is a zone where the artificial blends with nature, sunlight is refracted along its metallic surfaces, rainwater is channelled away from exterior walkways via capillary action and interior views are shielded behind its variegated and foliage-like cover.

Pattern ( Voronoi) The double layer screen is derived from a compressed combination of unique patterns generated with parametric software, and is constructed using a composite metal panel material used for billboard backing and infrastructural pro-tective coverings. To allow the cellular mesh to visually float, a matrix of thin stainless steel rods is threaded from top to bottom, to which the panels are affixed.

Movement There are a series of digitally-generated geometries patterns overlaid as voids with puncture the 2 layers of the façade, resulting the interstitial cellular are acts as a visual dynamic threshold between the private and public, framing and fragmenting views as one moves around and through the building.

Materials The dual layered skins are constructed of an aluminium and plastic composite material.

The connection between the case study and the expression of interest are similar in the installation of Wyndham city. Based on the research, there are materials and the combination of patterns needs to be generated and explored based on the site condition of the Wyndham city. Spatial and journey of experience can be effect by different combination of patterns, lighting and movement.

GROUP CASE STUDY

WYNDHAMCITY GATEWAY PROJECT DESIGN

WYNDHAMCITY GATEWAY PROJECT DESIGN

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DESIGN CONCEPTThe interchanging of freeway along the gateway of Wyndham City shows a series of circulation route between the roads from East towards the city and the West towards the country side. This inspired the idea of creating the points for voronoi pattern for the surface based on the circulation between the interchanging pathways. The model was designed following the natural landscape and the earth surface in site boundaries that creates the idea of movement.

DESIGN INTENTION AND FUNCTIONThe intention in this project is to create an installation that gives the impression that is born from the earth, the elements of the form as part of the ground as its stretching from the ground surface and the shell surface of voronoi pattern seem to become inflated to define the nature and movement of the landscape. Artificial landscapes are coherent spatial systems. They proliferate infinite variations rather than operating via the repetition of discreet types. Artificial landscape as a part of nature is nearly always created, formed and structured by principles which are not of ‘natural’ nature, but of human who designs and constructs their world. And vice versa, the experience of landscape has been nourished and formed by an aesthetic view for a long time.

VORONOI PATTERNVoronoi diagrams are commonly thought of in terms of a set of points. Given a set of points {Pi}, you cover the plane with disjoint convex tiles {Ti} such that Tk contains all the points in the plane which are closer to pk than any other pi. This has many practical applications, and there are well-known algorithms for finding the Voronoi diagram of a set of points.

LIGHT AND SHADOWLight and shadow work in tandem to configure the visual sense in spaces. The light plays as a perpetual dance, its swift and fleeting and the shadow act as a spatial dynamics which transfigured our perceptual orientation. To create an eye-catching installation, play of lighting in daytime and night time, when the sun rise on the east side on side, and sunset on the west, it create a sense of rhythm and continuity. In night time, the light will be shown by artificial light, based on the case study of Casalgrande ceramic cloud, Kengo Kuma.

MOVEMENTWhen driver pass through the installation with the pattern shown on the picture below, the pattern consist of density from large pattern to gradually smaller pattern create dynamic movement. This creates a motion and kinetic movement based on the pattern when motorist pass through the site along the Princess Freeway, with a speed limit of 100km/h in site.

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DESIGN PROCESSThe shape of design outcome was followed by the geometry form of the stie A along the Freeway. Voronoi pattern was applied onto the surface of the model which would provide lighting and shadowing effect through natural sunlight.

Sense of movement was planned to be visualised from the model by giving curve onto the design. However, it was not clearly shown due to the lack of dynamic in curving or bending.

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The shape of fi nal design again followed the geometry form of the site A. However, numerous curving and bending were given in various axis and angle which enabled design to achieve function to provide sense of dynamic movement and experience to the viewers.

Skin surface gently touches the contour line which expresses the respect towards the existing site. Planting trees and vegetation underneath the installation will amplify the concept of being aesthetical artifi cial landscape of Wyndham City.

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MATERIAL AND STRUCTURE

ETFE is deeply considered for a material used on the skin surface as it has a great elasticity, low cost and the lightweight. The dynamic shape and the enormous size of the design were the two most problems considered when choosing material. There-fore, ETFE’s elasticity and lightweight will be the best solution for those two problems.

Free-form steel structures will be used in design for the successful and safe load transferring. Steel will be bended in voronoi shape which will be placed underneath every voronoi holes; and also the steel poles or columns will be stood under the skin which is connected to the skin surface.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMESLEARNING PROGRESSLearning grasshopper scripting was way much harder than I expected. It actually requires some deep knowledge in mathematic to understand grasshopper scripting well. Moreover, it seemed like we need to do three-dimensional thinking when we were using grasshopper, therefore, we could take further step and predict the results of connection between inputs and outputs. Throughout nu-merous experiments and failure, I was able to understand and create some simple and intermediate definitions with grasshopper. One of the common problems that I think every students faced is EXLAB tutorials (not the video ones), because it didn’t show the process in Rhino step by step which made me confusing.

LEARNING OUTCOMESI think ADS: Air studio is the toughest and most complex studio at the University of Melbourne. Throughout the studio, of course learning grasshopper was the hardest thing, however, being a good group member was one of conflict that I had to face during semester one. To perform well as a team, all group members had to take responsibility of what each one of us had to do. Our group also had a hard time due to the lack of time and lack of skills of using grasshopper at the beginning of the stu-dio. However, we figured out together to overcome the problems we were facing; and as an outcome, we became a positive and well-organized team.

Many experiments with voronoi definitions, I am now able to create voronoi pattern in symbol-like shape and in different densities. Moreover, use of both grasshopper definition and rhino tools, it now enables me to create beautiful voronoi onto complex and dynamic 3D surfaces.

FUTURE WORKSI wouldn’t think of using grasshopper after finish of this studio. However, I would need to use other computational software such as AutoCAD, Rhino or Revit for the future works in my career. In future, complex parametric design could be popular globally due to the high-tech in construction, I would happy to bring up memories of studio air, and then put all my efforts to produce best parametric architecture with teams.

REFERENCES

1. Meiss, P 1990, Elements of Architecture: From form to place, Spon Press, p.32-37.

2. Grozdanic, L 2011, ‘Temporary Timber Pavilion’, eVo-lo Magazine, viewed 20 April 2012,<http://www.evolo.us/architecture/temporary-timber-pavilion/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utmcampaign=Feed%3A+Evolo+%28eVolo%29.>

3. Contemporist 2009, Lightmos Thonglor by Architect-kidd, viewed 21 April 2012, http://www.contemporist.com/2009/11/23/lightmos-thonglor-by-architectkidd/.

4.Belmonte, N 2010, Voronoi Tessellation, viewed 18 April 2012, http://blog.thejit.org/2010/02/12/voronoi-tessellation/.

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