Final site a analysis
-
Upload
sheau-hui-tan -
Category
Data & Analytics
-
view
229 -
download
0
Transcript of Final site a analysis
-
CAPE RACHADO -SITE ANALYSIS-
-
SITE PLAN01/
-
plan/
-
location plansite plan
PORT DICKSON
-
location plansite plan
-
key plansite plan
-
site plansite plan
-
topography/
-
contours and topographysite plan
-
section/
-
section a-asite plan
-
section b-bsite plan
-
section c-csite plan
-
EXISTING STRUCTURE02/
-
concrete pathwayexisting structure
Built all along the hiking trail from the lighthouse to the beach
-
concrete pavementexisting structure
EPOXY COATED RE-BARS
REINFORCED CONCRETE
COMPACTED SUBGRADE
STRENGTHS: -low maintenance
-relatively high friction surface prevents slipping -provides a clean and easy path for visitors to walk on
-durable especially in forests with extreme climates water resistant
!!
WEAKNESS: -surface is very likely to crack as years pass.
-moss growth makes it slippery
-
concrete stepsexisting structure
REINFORCED CONCRETE
EPOXY COATED RE-BARS
COMPACTED SUBGRADE
The materials used are similar to concrete pavement. !The measure of the stairs are different. Stair wide are all similar, about 60cm. Stair raise range from 20cm to 50cm. Stair run range from 20cm to 50cm.
WEAKNESSES: -Some stairs on site were not built according to the standard requirement. -Some of the raise is too high or stair run is too cramped, making walking
difficult and unsafe. !
REASON: -It was built according to the mountain surface, causing it to go against the set
requirement.
-
Wood installed along certain parts of the pathway acts as a boundary to separate natural and built
landscapes !
WEAKNESS: Not able the withstand climate
changes, such as moisture ( grow moss) and termite attacks.
Some pathways were created based on the position of rocks in the area. Visitors have to step through the stones to continue their way.
STRENGTH: Preservation of natural elements, minimal
destruction of nature !
WEAKNESS: Hazardous, not suitable for children and old people
-
metal railingsexisting structure
Colour: brown !Reason: To blend in with nature. The design principle of harmony avoids conflict with colours between it and its surroundings.
-
Railing Measurements
!The railings can be found along the pavement and stairs when the terrain
is steeper. !
Connected by hex bold screws. !
All railings share the same measurement.
HexHex Bolt
Railing Details
-
Huge space between handles: -Visitors are able to experience the
texture of the plants. !
-View of natural environment not obstructed. Experience of 5 senses
emphasized. !!
Material: Steel
!
Strengths: Steel lasts longer compared to wood after painted.
Cost-efficient. Weather resistance, strong and durable.
!Weaknesses:
Openings too big, not safe for children Steel rusts if lack maintenance
metal railingsexisting structure
-
retaining wallexisting structure
A short wall that spans along parts of the walkway that are very steep
Prevents soil erosion and landslides that could block the pathway
-
Heights are inconsistent due to steep contour of the site Slanted by 20-40 degrees inconsistently throughout the whole walkway
Top of the wall carved to resemble a tree log
retaining wall detailsexisting structure
-
!!!
Material: concrete
!
material usedexisting structure
PROS !-Firm and steady structure that will withstand the test of time -Suitable for holding loose and wet soil -Cost efficient
! !!
CONS !- Easily stained by dirt and soil
- Plants easily grow through the cracks that may affect the structure
-
entranced gazeboexisting structure
It is built after the light house, the hut act as an entrance for the journey to the beach below the hill !REASON: The boards in it display information about the birds. Visitors learn about what they are going to see before they start walking the trail.
-
entranced gazeboexisting structure
-Equipped with information signboards about the site
-Pitch shaped roof ease elimination of rainwater
-Shelters visitors from rain and sunlight !!
-In terms of form, it is a common design !
STRENGTHS: Allow visitors to be sheltered from
unpleasant climate. Durable and long-lasting
!! WEAKNESSES:
Plain and boring design No seats provided
-
signboards in the gazeboexisting structure
STRENGTHS: Allow visitors to learn about the site
Reduce the plainness of the gazebo
WEAKNESS: Lack of maintenance
Information is not updated regularly (no improvements made)
-
2. Wood ! Subjected to corrosion Strong supporting structure Non-resistant to wet and fire
!1.Zinc Roof Tile ! Highly resistant to corrosion Cheap, durable, light
!
3. Concrete column ! Function as supporting system Durable Resistant to corrosion
1
2
3
materiality-gazeboexisting structure
-
PlanFront Elevation Right Elevation
drawings-gazeboexisting structure
-
gazebo-roofingexisting structure
WOODEN STRUCTURE: Strong and able to blend with the surroundings. Connected together by metal nails
METAL ROOF: Shelter for visitor while
raining. Save cost and light in weight, easy to install.
!STRENGTHS:
Zinc roof resistant to weather Low maintenance
Metal reflects heat and blocks its from heating the interior
!!
!WEAKNESSES:
Metal nails rust easily Zinc roof creates noisy sound when hit by rain.
Lack light penetration Lack maintenance
-
Roof Structure Type
Material Timber
!Structure Tri-bearing roof trusses.
!Strength Span much longer distance Very stable and strong Cheap !Weaknesses Timber will rot or warp, especially
when exposed in natural environment Wood attracts insects invaders such as
termites Suffer damage from high winds or
violent weather.
-
columns-gazeboexisting structure
Concrete column painted like wood appearance !
To synchronize with the surrounding nature !
Create the beauty rather than a plain grey column
STRENGTH: As a supporting structure in the same time enhance the
aesthetic of the structure.
WEAKNESS: Bulky in size but overall acceptable
-
curved benchesexisting structure
Place for people to rest, sit and enjoy nature ! Located 3 M from entrance gazebo ! Facing the sea, enables visitors to see birds
flying from the sea
-
Curved Bench Measurements
Front Elevation Side elevation
Material: Concrete Strong and sturdy Low maintenance requirement Can easily withstand local weather conditions Can last very long Cost efficient
-
Strength !Accessible Placed near a place where all visitors pass by, easily spotted !
Weakness !Damaged Cracks and signs of vandalism can be found all over the bench
Opportunity !Potential Hotspot Structures can be built here due to high accessibility and good view. !However, tall trees blocked the view.
Threat !Vandalism Prone No security to stop hooligans from damaging public property
-
observatory decksexisting structure
All observatory decks are located at the side of the slope facing towards the sea.
-
Wooden platform is elevated based on terrain
The observatory deck serves as a bird watching platform
The railing is painted yellow in colour so that it attracts attention from afar
Birds come from the direction of the sea into the forest, making it easier to spot them
-
!!!! It is designed without a roof, so that visitors will be able to watch the birds from any direction !
Larger and further field of vision
! A platform is created by
piercing the steel railing deep into the soil to strengthen the grip. !
Flat surface surrendered to pathway, pushing the deck above a slope !
-
layout of the observatory deckexisting structure
Information rack
Bench
STRENGTHS: Square observatory deck maximizes space.
Information rack placed in front,convenient to read. Bench located at the back to not block the other visitors who are observing the birds.
!WEAKNESSES:
No rain shelter for visitors Poor maintenance: Information rack vandalised and abandoned Rusted steel and softened wood jeopardizes visitor safety
!
-
Observatory Deck Measurements
Plan
Front Elevation
Right Elevation
Front Elevation
-
picnic tablesexisting structure
A modifiedtablewith attached benches, designed for picnicking
Signboard !Picnic Tables !Trail
-
picnic tablesexisting structure
MATERIALS: Wood, steel, nuts and bolts
!NUTS AND BOLTS:
Made of medium carbon steel Balanced ductility Good wear resistance
But rusts rather quickly
Bolts Screws Wooden Panel
STRENGTHS: Strong timber panels which blends in with nature.
Steel can withstand a huge amount of weight. !
WEAKNESSES: Color on panels wear off
the wood panels are not secure due to rusty nuts and bolts
-
Picnic Table Measurements
Plan
Axonometric Drawing
0.3M 0.7M
1.83M
1.94M
0.4M
0.74M
Front Elevation
-
materiality-picnic tablesexisting structure
Wood
Metal
Concrete
!!WOOD Cheap and easy to attain. Wood protectant protects it
from cracking, warping, or rotting due to moisture.
The table-top and bench-top boards are attached to the trusses or beams using screws or nails.
!!
METAL Heavy, durable and
require little maintenance.
Stable, strong. Painted to avoid
rusting. !
CONCRETE Sets the benches in
place.
-
colour selection
!REDDISH-BROWN
Nature and down-to-earth color signifying stability, structure and support.
Encourages a strong need for security and a sense of belonging, with family and friends being of utmost importance.
Suits to the surroundings such as colour of soil and trees. Harmonizes with nature.
YELLOW Evokes a warming effect, arouses
cheerfulness Strengthens relationship between family and
friends Stimulates mental activity and energy (able
to continue journey after an exhausting hiking).
-
beach gazeboexisting structure
A structure designed for visitors to rest and enjoy the view of the beach.
Most of the structure were made of timber, which absorbs less heat and blends in with nature.
-
3m2m
0.9m
Plan
2.1m
3m
0.6m
Front elevation
drawings
Elevated, in case of rising sea levels and invading insects.
Elements of traditional Malay architecture and ornamentation. Wooden
decorative design
Metal cover
-
materials and colors
Bench (Timber)
Base (Concrete)
Structure (Timber)
Deck (Timber)Roof (Metal)
Metal (painted blue) Able to withstand tough weather conditions. Reflects sunlight. (absorbs less heat) In correllance with the blue sea !Timber (brown) Blends in with nature. Less heat absorbed. Gives a feeling of peacefulness and harmony. !!
existing structure
-
LANDSCAPE03/
-
dense Less dense
density of greenerieslandscape
-
soil conditionlandscape
Forest soil Accumulation of organic matter Low pH Low plant nutrient High clay content
Mud Holds moisture Good drainage
Sand Dry Insufficient nutrients Cannot transport water from lower strata
longitudinal section
-
Beach 1
Beach 2
Forest soilMud
Sandy soil
Beach 2
condition of soillandscape
-
Longitudinal section
Tallest shortest
height of treeslandscape
-
Beach 2
Beach 1
height of treeslandscape
-
Longitudinal section
species of treeslandscape
-
Longitudinal section
H: approx. 60m ; D: 12m Large Trees Meranti Tembaga
Approx. 12m
-
60m
meranti tembaga (Shorea Leprosula)
Greyish brown bark with shallow V-shaped fissures !Outer Bark Dull purplish brown. Hard and brittle !Inner Bark Dull yellowish brown !Grows on: Flat topography Well drained soil Strongly light demanding
Sapwood Pale cream Resinous !Heartwood
-
Longitudinal section
H: approx. 50m ; D: 2.5m Big ass tree Meranti Seraya
Approx. 18m-20m
-
meranti seraya (Shorea Curtisii)
130ft
Giant grey or reddish-brown bark with course fissures !Defined as a floristic tree !Tree as a crown appears greyish-green as stand-out among other trees of forest canopy !Grows on: Low land/Steep land Elevation 300-800m Near sea level
-
Longitudinal section
H: approx. 12.5m ; D: 2.5m Arang-arang tree
Approx. 12m
-
Arang-arang (Diospyros spp.)
80ft
Medium hardwood !Density: 595-1,055 kg/m3 air dry !Natural durability: lighter coloured is non durable. Darker coloured is durable !Texture: fine and even with straight to slightly interlocked grain !Machining property: easy to work with to produce smooth surface !Shrinkage: high, especially in the streaky material. Radial shrinkage averages 4.7% while tangential shrinkage averages 8.7%. !!
-
Longitudinal section
H: approx. 30m ; D: 0.6m Panarahan tree
-
Penarahan (Myristicaceae)
Straight with longitudinal fissures and dappled bark. !Stilt roots enables growth at 100-2100m elevation !Large elliptic leaves !Grows on sandy soil !Durability: Adapts to rainy weather Non resistant to growth of fungi Prone to termite attack !Birds feed on its ripen fruits
30m
-
Longitudinal section
H: approx. 21m ; D: 0.75m Bintagor tree
-
Bintangor (Calophyllum)
Wood has a streaked, ribboned, or zig-zag grain. !Outer sapwood Yellowish brown !!Sensitive to frost and fire !Grows on: Sandy beaches Temperature moderated by the proximity of the sea and by the breezes !Uses: Boats Furniture Medicine Massage oil !
30m
Inner sapwood Light reddish
-
Longitudinal section
H: approx. 30m ; D: 4m Kelat tree
-
Kelat (Syzygium spp.)
Medium hardwood !popularly used as an urban landscaping plant due to its hardiness and adaptability !Density: 495-1,010 kg/m3 air dry. !Natural durability: Moderately durable timber Average service life of 3.3 years under natural Malaysian conditions !Texture: moderately fine and even with interlocked, irregular or wavy grain. !Shrinkage: high, with radial shrinkage averaging 1.9% and tangential shrinkage averaging 3.3%. !Uses: Structural purposes Ships and boats Tramways and bridges
30m
-
Longitudinal section
H: approx. 30m ; D: 2.5m Karas tree
-
Karas(aquilaria malaccensis)
Straight and smooth-barked. sometimes fluted or with thick (10 cm) buttresses up to 2 m high !Good smell. Contains high amount of resin !Provides agarwood !Grows on: Primary and secondary forests Grows well on sandy loams developed from sandstone
!
6-20mENDANGERED SPECIES
-
H: approx. 5m ; D: 0.8m Mangrove tree
-
Mangrove tree (Rhizophoraceae Bruguiera)
Medium height !Salt tolerant trees (halophytes) adapted to live in harsh coastal conditions !Adapts to low oxygen !Adaptation to limit water loss: restrict the opening of theirstomata vary the orientation of their leaves to avoid the harsh midday sun !Grows in: Saline coastal sediment habitats
!
4-9m
-
Ashen coloured water !
Land covered with sand and rocks in various
sizes !
Sea snails attached onto rocks
beach condition analysislandscape
-
migratory bird/
-
P A C I F I C S W I F T ( A p u s p a c i f i c u s )
Can be distinguished through white rump band and heavily marked under part !Breeds in sheltered locations such as caves. !Strongly migratory !Call: typical swift screams but softer and less wheezy !Status and threats: Not considered at risk.
-
B A R N S W A L L O W ( H i r u n d o R u s t i c a )
Most widespread species ofswallow !Passerine bird with blue upperparts a long forkedtail curved, pointedwings !Uses man-made structures to breed !Feeds on insects caught in flight !Strongly migratory !Call: typical swift screams !Status and threats: Not considered at risk.
-
C O M M O N S A N D P I P E R ( A c t i t i s h y p o l e u c o s )
1820cm long with a 3235cm wingspan !greyish-brown upperparts, white underparts, !breeds across most oftemperateandsubtropicalEuropeandAsia !Gather and stop overs at Palau in Micronesia departs around the last week of april !Call: Chirp. !Status and threats: Not considered at risk. but is a vulnerable species in some states of Australia.
-
B l U E - T H R O A T E D B E E - E A T E R ( M e r o p s v i r i d i s )
Small !Contrasting blue throat !Long central tail streamer !Call:Described as a liquidbe-rek,be-rek;terrip-terrip. Alarm call is a sharpchip. !Migration: April-September. Before the arrival of Blue-tailed Bee-eater !Status and threats: Nesting sites affected by human interuption
-
B l U E - T A I L E D B E E - E A T E R ( M e r o p s p h i l i p p i n u s )
Small !green crown and back; yellow and rufous throat; brown upper breast; underparts apple green. !Call: Described as a liquid be-rek, be-rek; or rillip rillip rillip. !found in scrub, mangrove, forest, cultivated areas and grasslands. !Status and threats: Blue-tailed Bee-eaters are not considered at risk
-
C H I N E S E G O S H A W K ( A c c i p i t e r s o l o e n s i s )
3036 cm in length !Female larger than the male !Adult has prominent black wing tips !Call: Vocalizes only in breeding season, especially early on; sharp "keee-keee-keee...". Generally silent. !A bird of wooded areas. !Status and threats: Not considered at risk
-
G R A Y F A C E B U Z Z A R D
41-46 cm in length !Call: Main call described as a peevish, whistled "whick-awee" or "pik-wee". !Utilize rising air currents to gain altitude and cover great distances by soaring during migration !Status and threats:Not globally threatened (Least Concern). Size and trends of populations very poorly known.
-
B L A C K B A Z A ( A v i c e d a l e u p h o t e s )
Small raptor !Often seen in groups !Soars high in the air during the migrations. But usually, it flies low with deep wing-beats interspersed with short glides on almost flat wings. !Call: Soft quavering, plaintive or whistling notes. Harsh squaks when in group.
-
CLIMATIC STUDIES04/
-
sunpath/
-
Cape Rachado is located in Tanjung Tuan, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
As Malaysia is located near the equator, it allows for the location to receive more sunshine.
Being close to the equator, the sun path or position does not shift much throughout the year.
On the average, Malaysia receives about 6 hours of sunshine per day. However, seasonal variations may influence the amount of sunshine received.
!Sun Orientation
Knowing the sun path and orientation of the site is vital to the design of the observation deck in order to control the amount and direction of sunlight entering the space.
!!
Sunrise & Sunset The site receives sunlight at around 7.13 a.m. (annual average).
Most facilities are built in the area
where HIGHER/LOWER light intensity is received, as shown in the diagram below.
-
sunpath-januarylandscape
-
sunpath-februarylandscape
-
sunpath-marchlandscape
-
sunpath-aprillandscape
-
sunpath-maylandscape
-
sunpath-junelandscape
-
sunpath-julylandscape
-
sunpath-augustlandscape
-
sunpath-septemberlandscape
-
sunpath-octoberlandscape
-
sunpath-novemberlandscape
-
sunpath-decemberlandscape
-
rain/
-
wind pathclimatic studies
Direction : South East to North West !Wind Speed during Site Visit : 6.7mph -8.8mph !Temperature : 25- 31 Celsius !Slight wind can be felt at the start of the trail from Southwest as a result of Southwest Monsoon !Stronger wind can be felt at the end part of the trail as well as the beach because of the land breeze from the sea. from southwest
northeast to southwest
-
wind path-southwest monsoonclimatic studies
Period : April to September !Areas Affected : West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia !Rainfall at site will be higher than normal time during monsoon season. However, the monsoon wind at site cannot be felt as the site is surrounded by trees.
southwest monsoon wind
-
wind path-northeast monsoonclimatic studies
northeast monsoon wind
Period : October to March !Areas Affected : East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia !The site is not affected by this monsoon wind as it is surrounded with trees. Rainfall normal at site
-
wind strengthclimatic studies
weak strong
-
wind analysis- trailclimatic studies
-
wind analysis-beachclimatic studies
a
B!
wind blowing
from southeast
windy +cooling
HOT+STUFFY
-
land breeze and sea breezeclimatic studies
land breeze
sea breeze
The wind pattern near the beach is generated by the heat gain, heat loss, and heat storage variations between land and water.
-
wind/
-
average rainfall-malaccaclimatic studies
-
average rainfall precipitation-malaccaclimatic studies
-
average temperature-malaccaclimatic studies
-
relative humidity-malaccaclimatic studies
-
relative humidity-malaccaclimatic studies
-
CIRCULATION05/
-
circulation
-
circulation
-
VIEWS+VISTAS06/
-
AIM
#1 To look / observe a site which has more positive view and also look into the contrasting view which is the negative view.
!!
#2 To look / observe the sites through view framing from every angle and openings, panoramic view of the best angles and also
view of the approaching site.
-
Positive viewNeutral viewNegative view
view analysisviews+vistas
-
site spotsviews+vistas
-
STRENGTH nearest/shortest distance from
standby point great view for bird watching great panoramic view good light penetration
WEAKNESS forest reserve view more than sea view no proper space to view the area
site 1 -observation deck 1views+vistas
-
STRENGTH very thin trees (only at this area) sunset light penetration interesting backdrop great bird watching view
WEAKNESS view covered by the amount of
trees quite humid steep
site 2 -observation deck 2views+vistas
-
STRENGTH sound of waves can be heard more light penetration into this area thin trees which does not affect the
view from top shady from the sunset sun
WEAKNESS steep terrain which has higher
risk for trees to fall narrow space
site 3 -observation deck 3views+vistas
-
STRENGTH wide range of sea view (horizon
line) view of sunrise direct access from forest trail
WEAKNESS no view of sunset tide increases and covers up half
of the shore in the morning
site 4 -south east beachviews+vistas
-
Site V & VI- south west beach -
STRENGTH wide area interesting 180 view breezy great sunset view
WEAKNESS very rocky area 2 tombstones on top of the hill of
the mini peninsular high tide covers up the shore
during the night
site 5+6-south west beachviews+vistas
-
ACTIVITIES07/
-
introduction/
-
activities at tanjung tuan
-
main activity zoningactivities
jungle traildry activities
beachwet activities
-
birdwatching zoningactivities
1)LIGHTOUSE- the highest viewing point
of tanjung tuan.
1
2
3
3)VALLEY- an open sky clearing.
2)OBSERVATION DECK 1-
an open sky clearing above
the rest benches.
-
birdwatching zoningactivities
4)OBSERVATION DECK 2- a view of trees ahead
and above.
5)OBSERVATION DECK 3- a view of trees and
slope.
6)ROCKY CLIFF- a higher
viewing point towards the
ocean.
4
5
6
-
migratory birds in cape rachadoactivities
Oriental Honey Buzzard
(from Japan)
Black Baza (forests ofSouth East
Asia)
Chinese Goshawk (Southeast China)
Blur-throated Bee Eater
(Brunei,Cambodia,China)
-
bird migration routesactivities
SIBERIA
CAPE RACHADO
AUSTRALIA
Birds migrate from Siberia to Australia stop by Tanjung Tuan on their way. - Tanjung Tuan Rangers
-
bird watching eventsactivities
Yearly event: RWW (Raptor Watch Weekend)
Organised by: MNS (Malaysian Nature Society)
Months: March early April
Turnout: 20,000 people per day
-
Bird enthusiasts gathering at the base of the lighthouse to catch a sight of the raptors.
-
1
3
2
4
meditation zonesactivities
-
BEFORE OBSERVATION DECK 2
OBSERVATION DECK 3
BACKDOOR BEACH
Skinny, straight trees Sense of verticality
Spiritual and overpowering
First sounds of sea waves Cooling sea breeze
Small U-shaped bay Rocks frame the sea view
-
Panoramic view of the sea Higher up, isolated
Full sunset view
rocky zone, main beachactivities
-
camping zoneactivities
Flat beach to set up tent
Shaded and dry for rest space
Dry land for campfire
CAMP SITES
SHADED REST AREA
-
types of fishactivities
Small Cuda (Barracuda)
Small Snapper
SHALLOW FISHING
DEEP BOAT FISHINGQueen Fish
-
history/
-
activitiesOLD TRAIL
-
trail timelineactivities
-
hotspot/
-
people/
-
peak seasons in a yearactivities
-
peak hours in a dayactivities
-
population by visitorsactivities
-
localsactivities
-
foreignersactivities
-
population by raceactivities
-
religionactivities
-
types of crowdsactivities
-
CASE STUDY: grand canyon observation deck,arizona
-
CONCLUSION/
-
POTENTIAL FEATURES !
TOPOGRAPHY !
ACTIVITY !
VIEW !
CLIMATE !
CIRCULATION !
-
TOPOGRAPHY !
Contours / coast
Degree of slope
Water level
Soil type !
ACTIVITY !
Purpose of observation
deck Current
activities? Introduction
of new concept
-
VIEW !
Observation area
Landscape Coverage !
Climate !
Wind Sun
direction Shade
-
CIRCULATION !
Areas of congestion
Accessibility Private /
public space
-
SUGGESTIONS
-
1/ OBSERVATION DECKS
PUBLIC SPACE
BUSY
CIRCULATION
Existing
vantage point
-
2/ MANGROVE SWAMP
INTERESTING
VEGETATION
OPTIMUM
OBSERVATION
-
3/ BACK BEACH
HIDDEN /
SECLUDED
FOCUSED
VIEWPOINT
-
THANK YOU