Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions...
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Final Review Final Review The Test Memory and Virtual Memory Paging File Systems Permissions Device Drivers and I/O User-Level Issues Security Networking and Distributed OS 1 / 68
Transcript of Final Review - cs.columbia.edusmb%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0%c2%a0… · Final Review The Test Conditions...
Final Review
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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The Test
Final Review
The Test
Conditions
Format
Material
Limits
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
2 / 68
Conditions
Final Review
The Test
Conditions
Format
Material
Limits
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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■ 1:10 PM Wednesday, May 10, in 1127 Mudd■ Open book, open notes, calculator ok■ 170 minutes (but it will probably run short)
Format
Final Review
The Test
Conditions
Format
Material
Limits
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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■ Approximately 15-20 questions■ I’m not asking you to write programs■ Three types of questions, more or less like the
midterm’s:
◆ Explanations of certain concepts, abovethe pure memorization level
◆ Carrying out tasks based on thingsdiscussed in class
◆ Design questions (i.e., ones intended tomake you think)
Material
Final Review
The Test
Conditions
Format
Material
Limits
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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■ If it’s in my slides or I said it in class, you’reresponsible for it
■ There will be some material based more onTanenbaum or other assigned reading; therewon’t be much from Linux internals
■ You’re responsible for the assigned readings atabout the level of class coverage.
■ I’m not going to ask you to memorize thecrazy synchronization algorithms, but if oneshows up you should be prepared to explain it
Limits
Final Review
The Test
Conditions
Format
Material
Limits
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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■ I can’t quiz you on everything I’ve coveredduring the semester
■ I can’t review 30+ hours of class time today■ I’m to some extent limited by the kinds of
things it’s feasible to ask on an exam
Memory and Virtual Memory
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
MemoryManagement
Memory Allocation
Virtual Memory
More on VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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Memory Management
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
MemoryManagement
Memory Allocation
Virtual Memory
More on VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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■ Why is it needed?■ Relocation■ Position-independent code: used for libraries■ Load-time relocation: good for initial load, but
not for realloc■ Hardware assist: base/limit■ Memory protection
Memory Allocation
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
MemoryManagement
Memory Allocation
Virtual Memory
More on VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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■ Why do we need it?■ Different algorithms: first fit, best fit, worst fit
Virtual Memory
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
MemoryManagement
Memory Allocation
Virtual Memory
More on VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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■ What it is■ Pages versus page frames■ Page table styles: registers, RAM,
segmentation■ TLBs — why they’re needed, why they work
More on Virtual Memory
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
MemoryManagement
Memory Allocation
Virtual Memory
More on VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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■ Process switching■ Fields in a page or segment table entry■ Page faults■ Larger virtual than physical memory
Paging
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
Page ReplacementAlgorithms
Algorithms andTheir Properties
System Issues
Allocation Policies
Segmentation
Modeling PagingSystems
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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Page Replacement Algorithms
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
Page ReplacementAlgorithms
Algorithms andTheir Properties
System Issues
Allocation Policies
Segmentation
Modeling PagingSystems
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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■ Basic problem■ Tools: modified bit, referenced bit, clock
interrupts, page faults, advice■ Characteristics of page fault interrupts■ Faking M and R
■ Resetting M and R
■ How to reclaim pages
Algorithms and Their Properties
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
Page ReplacementAlgorithms
Algorithms andTheir Properties
System Issues
Allocation Policies
Segmentation
Modeling PagingSystems
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
14 / 68
■ NRU■ FIFO■ Second chance FIFO■ Clock■ LRU■ NFU; aging■ Working set; thrashing
System Issues
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
Page ReplacementAlgorithms
Algorithms andTheir Properties
System Issues
Allocation Policies
Segmentation
Modeling PagingSystems
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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■ Scheduler interactions■ Anticipatory paging■ Remembering the working set■ Paging disk■ Sharing page tables■ Copy on write■ Locking pages in RAM
Allocation Policies
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
Page ReplacementAlgorithms
Algorithms andTheir Properties
System Issues
Allocation Policies
Segmentation
Modeling PagingSystems
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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■ Local versus Global policies■ Per-process allocation■ Page fault frequency■ Swapping
Segmentation
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
Page ReplacementAlgorithms
Algorithms andTheir Properties
System Issues
Allocation Policies
Segmentation
Modeling PagingSystems
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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■ Why use it?■ (Remember that the word is used for two
different concepts)■ Properties
Modeling Paging Systems
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
Page ReplacementAlgorithms
Algorithms andTheir Properties
System Issues
Allocation Policies
Segmentation
Modeling PagingSystems
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
18 / 68
■ Reference strings■ Simulating paging■ Stack algorithms■ Distance strings and page fault rates
File Systems
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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File Systems
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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■ Types of file systems■ Major design decisions■ Names, hierarchy, extensions, access control,
media, versioning, record/block/byte■ Effect of hardware issues
Allocation
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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■ Storage units and types – blocks, tracks, etc.■ Tracking allocated areas
Metadata
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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■ Many types■ Where to store it
Crash Recovery
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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■ Consistency■ Repairing damage■ Log-structured file systems■ Effect of hardware buffering
Unix File System
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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■ Process: working directory and root directory■ Directories, ., and .., and i-nodes■ Finding a file
I-Nodes
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
25 / 68
■ What’s in it?■ Disk blocks and indirect blocks
File Operations
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
26 / 68
■ Opening and closing a file■ Reading, writing, seeking■ Linking and unlinking■ Updating metadata■ Directory operations
Implementing File Systems
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
27 / 68
■ Parts of a file system■ Superblock, i-list, free list
Windows FAT File System
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
28 / 68
■ Metadata and directories■ Freelist implementation■ Long name support
Dump/Restore
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
File Systems
Allocation
Metadata
Crash Recovery
Unix File System
I-Nodes
File Operations
Implementing FileSystems
Windows FAT FileSystem
Dump/Restore
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
29 / 68
■ Level 0, 1, etc., dumps■ Dump strategies■ Using the file system versus the physical disk
Permissions
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
File Permissions
Access Control Lists
MAC versus DACOther Forms ofAccess Control
VFS
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
30 / 68
File Permissions
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
File Permissions
Access Control Lists
MAC versus DACOther Forms ofAccess Control
VFS
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
31 / 68
■ Classic Unix permissions■ Unix permission-checking algorithm■ “Execute” versus “read”■ Directory permissions■ Deleting files■ Setting permissions; initial permissions
Access Control Lists
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
File Permissions
Access Control Lists
MAC versus DACOther Forms ofAccess Control
VFS
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
32 / 68
■ Flexibility■ Order■ Types of permissions
MAC versus DAC
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
File Permissions
Access Control Lists
MAC versus DACOther Forms ofAccess Control
VFS
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
33 / 68
■ Who sets permissions?■ Do superusers exist or not?
Other Forms of Access Control
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
File Permissions
Access Control Lists
MAC versus DACOther Forms ofAccess Control
VFS
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
34 / 68
■ Temporal■ Access control matrices■ Safety versus security
VFS
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
File Permissions
Access Control Lists
MAC versus DACOther Forms ofAccess Control
VFS
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
35 / 68
■ Why a VFS?■ Emulating actions
Device Drivers and I/O
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
36 / 68
I/O
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
37 / 68
■ I/O models■ Device independence■ The Unix versus the Windows model■ Network devices
Unix Devices
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
38 / 68
■ I/O device names in the file system■ Major and minor device numbers■ Standardized interface■ ioctl
Disk Scheduling
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
39 / 68
■ Seeks, rotational delay■ Demands: fairness, efficiency, promptness■ Elevator algorithm; order of operations
Graphics
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
40 / 68
■ Simple model■ The need for speed■ Programming interface
Network Devices
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
41 / 68
■ Why they’re different■ Mux/demux■ Device-dependent issues: framing, address
mapping
Physical I/O
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
42 / 68
■ Device quirks■ Interrupt loads and FIFOs■ Programmed I/O versus DMA■ Direct I/O
DMA Issues
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
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■ Cache, VM, address space size■ Mapping virtual to physical addresses; where
it’s done■ Scatter/gather I/O
Error Handling
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
44 / 68
■ Device-specific■ Testing
RAID
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
I/O
Unix Devices
Disk Scheduling
Graphics
Network Devices
Physical I/O
DMA Issues
Error Handling
RAID
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
45 / 68
■ What it is■ Types of RAID
User-Level Issues
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
User versus Kernel
Daemons
Other Commands
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
46 / 68
User versus Kernel
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
User versus Kernel
Daemons
Other Commands
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
47 / 68
■ What goes where?■ Criteria■ Interfaces
Daemons
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
User versus Kernel
Daemons
Other Commands
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
48 / 68
■ Why?■ Examples: lpr, NFS■ Communications■ Security
Other Commands
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
User versus Kernel
Daemons
Other Commands
Security
Networking andDistributed OS
49 / 68
■ Login■ X■ Shells■ /sbin/init■ Run levels
Security
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
OS Security
Authentication
Attack Techniques
Evaluation
Logging
Networking andDistributed OS
50 / 68
OS Security
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
OS Security
Authentication
Attack Techniques
Evaluation
Logging
Networking andDistributed OS
51 / 68
■ What is OS security?■ Confidentiality, integrity, availability
Authentication
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
OS Security
Authentication
Attack Techniques
Evaluation
Logging
Networking andDistributed OS
52 / 68
■ Something you know, have, are■ Storing passwords■ Challenge/response■ Tokens■ Biometrics
Attack Techniques
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
OS Security
Authentication
Attack Techniques
Evaluation
Logging
Networking andDistributed OS
53 / 68
■ Trojan horses; spoofing; bugs■ Sandboxes■ Race conditions■ Trusted path■ Viruses and worms
Evaluation
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
OS Security
Authentication
Attack Techniques
Evaluation
Logging
Networking andDistributed OS
54 / 68
■ The Orange Book■ Multi-level security■ Common Criteria■ Features versus assurance■ Protection profiles
Logging
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
OS Security
Authentication
Attack Techniques
Evaluation
Logging
Networking andDistributed OS
55 / 68
■ Why log?■ What to log?
Networking and Distributed OS
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid56 / 68
Types of Distributed OS
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid57 / 68
■ Multiprocessor, multicomputer, distributed OS■ Memory architectures and speeds■ Latency■ Communications challenges■ Distributed shared memory
Network I/O
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid58 / 68
■ Data copies■ Direct I/O■ Ring buffers
RPC
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid59 / 68
■ What is it?■ Stub procedures■ Marshaling■ The problem of pointers
Network Issues
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid60 / 68
■ Latency■ Reliability, or the lack thereof■ Locking■ Bandwidth
Security
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid61 / 68
■ Identifying and trusting users■ Cryptography■ Capabilities
Distributed File Systems
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid62 / 68
■ Naming■ Performance■ Consistency■ Security
Components
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid63 / 68
■ Devices■ The stack■ Applications
Layers
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid64 / 68
■ (Roughly) their properties■ Interfaces
Sockets
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid65 / 68
■ Network connections aren’t files■ Special operations
Applications
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid66 / 68
■ Service■ Servers■ Clients■ Peer-to-peer
Service Applications
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid67 / 68
■ Routing■ Port mapper
Global Grid
Final Review
The Test
Memory and VirtualMemory
Paging
File Systems
Permissions
Device Drivers andI/O
User-Level Issues
Security
Networking andDistributed OSTypes of DistributedOS
Network I/O
RPC
Network Issues
Security
Distributed FileSystems
Components
Layers
Sockets
Applications
Service Applications
Global Grid68 / 68
■ What it is■ Security■ Scheduling■ Sandboxing■ Why it’s like an OS
