Design of Dual Frequency Rectangular

Patch Antenna in Ku Band Using HFSSBy

J L N Swathi

Under The Guidance of Dr.P.Siddaiah,DEAN & Professor,ANUCET

Objective

To design a dual frequency

rectangular patch antenna which operates in Ku Band

Contents•Different shapes of Patches and Rectangular Patch Antenna

•Dual Frequency Antenna

•Ku Band

•Different Feeding Techniques and “Microstrip Feed”

•HFSS

•Proposed Antenna Model

•Design Considerations

•Designed Antenna without shorting pin and its results

•Designed antenna with shorting pin and its results

• Comparison of simulated Results for antennas with and without shorting pin.

• Conclusion and References

Literature Review

• Studied about Microstrip antennas:

Bimal Garg, Rahul Dev Verma, Ankit Samadhiya presented the steps to design a rectangular microstrip patch antenna.

• Studied about dual freuency operation:

S. Maci and G. Bifji Gentili proposed different methods to obtain dual frequency.

• Studied about shorting pin technique:

Pradeep Kumar, G. Singh proposed in detail about shorting pin technique.

Common Shapes of Microstrip Patches

Rectangular Patch Antenna

• Also known as a rectangular micro strip antenna .

• It is a type of radio antenna which can be mounted on a flat surface.

• It consists of a flat rectangular sheet or "patch" of metal, mounted over a larger sheet of metal called a ”ground plane”.

• A patch antenna is usually constructed on a dielectric substrate.

• For the antenna to be resonant, Microstrip feed is used.

Rectangular Patch Antenna(Normal View)

Rectangular Patch Antenna(View in HFSS Window)

Advantages of Rectangular Patch Antennas

• Low cost

• Low profile

• Light weight

• Low power handling capacity

• Easy to fabricate and integrate

• Omni directional radiation pattern

• Capable of dual and triple frequency operations

• Mechanically robust when mounted on rigid surfaces

Dual Frequency AntennaDefinition:

• Operates at two separate transmit-receive bands.

Advantages:

• Alternative to large-bandwidth planar antennas

• When the two operating frequencies are far apart ,a dual-frequency patch structure can be conceived to avoid the use of separate antennas

Ku BandKu band:

• The is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the microwave range of frequencies.

• Ku refers to “K-under” in other words, the band directly below the K-band.

• In radar applications, it ranges from 12-18 GHz 

IEEE Ku band:

• Frequency range12-18 GHz

• Wavelength range 2.5–1.67 cm

Feeding Techniques for Patch antennas

Microstrip Line Feed Coaxial Probe feed

Aperture-coupled feed

Proximity-coupled Feed

Microstrip FeedDefinition:

• Microstrip feed is a type of electrical transmission line.

• It can be fabricated using printed circuit board technology.

• It is used to convey microwave-frequency signals.

Advantages:

• Less expensive than traditional waveguide technology

• Lighter

• Compact 

A -Conductor,B-Air,

C-Dielectric,

D-Ground

HFSSHFSS:

• It is a Antenna Design Software.

• The acronym is High frequency structural simulator.

Uses:

• Antenna design

• Design of complex RF electronic circuit elements including filters, transmission lines & packaging.

HFSS Software Window

Proposed Antenna Model

Design Considerations

• Length of the patch 0.4616 cm

• Width of the patch 0.6874 cm

• Substrate Used FR4

• Dielectric Constant of substrate is 4.4

• Height of Dielectric Substrate is 0.158 cm

• Length of Dielectric Substrate is 3 cm

• Width of Dielectric Substrate is 3 cm

• Operating Frequency is 13.28 GHz in Ku-band

Design Considerations Equations to calculate length and width of patch

c = free space velocity of light εr = Dielectric constant of substrate

Calculation of Width (W)

The effective dielectric constant of the rectangular microstrip patch antenna

Design Considerations Equations to calculate length and width of patch

The actual length of the Patch (L)

Calculation of Length Extension

Where

Designed Antenna without shorting pin

Designed Antenna without shorting pin

Results of antenna without shorting pinReturn Loss

3D Polar PlotResults of antenna without

shorting pin

VSWR Plot

Results of antenna without shorting pin

E Field Radiation over patch

Results of antenna without shorting pin

H Field Radiation over patch

Results of antenna without shorting pin

Antenna Parameters

Quantity Value

Peak Directivity 4.44111

Peak Gain 3.46607

Peak Realized Gain 2.11046

Radiated Power 0.475211(W)

Accepted Power 0.608893(W)

Incident Power 1(W)

Radiation Efficiency 0.780451

Results of antenna without shorting pin

Design using Shorting Pin TechniqueUse Of Shorting

Pin:Top View Zoomed Side View

Shorting Pin

Design Considerations

Design Parameter Material

Shorting pin PEC (Perfect Electric

Conductor)

Substrate FR4

Design Parameter Value

Operating Frequency 13.28 GHz

Dielectric Constant of the

substrate

4.4

height of the substrate 0.157 cm

Length of substrate 3 cm

Width of substrate 3 cm

Height of shorting pin 0.157 cm

Radius of shorting pin 0.2 mm

Results of antenna using Shorting PinReturn Loss

3D Polar PlotResults of antenna using

Shorting Pin

VSWR Plot

Results of antenna using Shorting Pin

E Field Radiation over patch

Results of antenna using Shorting Pin

H Field Radiation over patch

Results of antenna using Shorting Pin

Antenna Parameters

Quantity Value

Peak Directivity 4.49891

Peak Gain 3.50529

Peak Realized Gain 2.2802

Radiated Power 0.506835(W)

Accepted Power 0.650504(W)

Incident Power 1(W)

Radiation Efficiency 0.779142

Results of antenna using Shorting Pin

Compared Results of antennas with and without shorting pin

Return Loss

3D Polar PlotCompared Results

For Antenna Without Shorting pin For Antenna With Shorting pin

Compared ResultsVSWR Plot

Antenna Parameters

Compared Results

Quantity Value without Shorting Pin

Value with shorting pin

Peak Directivity 4.43096 4.49891

Peak Gain 3.4564 3.50529

Peak Realized Gain 2.11367 2.2802

Radiated Power 0.477024(W) 0.506835(W)

Accepted Power 0.611525(W) 0.650504(W)

Radiation Efficiency

0.780056 0.779142

PublicationDetails

1. J L N Swathi, P.Siddaiah “Design of Dual Frequency Rectangular Patch Antenna Operating in Ku-Band,” International Journal of Innovative Research In Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation And Control Engineering (IJIREEICE), ISSN: 2321 – 2004, Vol. 2, Issue 6, June 2014.

Link: http://www.ijireeice.com/upload/2014/june/IJIREEICE2B%20%20swathi%20Design%20of%20dual.pdf

2. J L N Swathi, P.Siddaiah “Comparison of Dual Frequency Rectangular Patch Antenna with and without Shorting Pin,” International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR), ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-8, August 2014.

Link: https://www.erpublication.org/admin/vol_issue1/upload%20Image/IJETR022222.pdf

Publication 1: Journal IJIREEICE

Publication 1: Journal IJIREEICE

Publication 2: Journal IJETR

Conclusion• After simulation, the characteristics of the

proposed antennas are given as follows..

• Both antennas obtained dual band at 12.33 GHz and 15.33 GHz frequencies with an operational band widths of 0.7 GHz (12 to 12.7 GHz) and 0.97 GHz (14.83 to 15.8 GHz)

• Gain of antenna is 3.505 dB

• Directivity of antenna is 4.498 and return loss of 17.54 dB and 25.49 dB.

• So it can be clearly say that characteristics of proposed antenna enhanced at many parameters and this antenna is perfect for applications such as radar communication, military communication, satellite communications, most notably for fixed and broadcast services

[1] R. Azim, M. T. Islam, and N.Misran, “Dual polarized microstrip patch antenna for Ku-band application,” Informacije MIDEM,vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 114–117, 2011.

[2] J.-W. Wu, H.-M. Hsiao, J.-H. Lu, and S.-H. Chang, “Dual broadband design of rectangular slot antenna for 2.4 and 5GHz wireless communication,” Electronics Letters, vol. 40, no. 23, pp.1461–1463, 2004.

[3] S. K. Dubey, S. K. Pathak, and K. K.Modh, “High gain multiple resonance Ku-band microstrip patch antenna,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Applied Electromagnetics Conference, pp. 1-3,Kolkata,India, December 2011.

[4] N. Misran, M. T. Islam, N. M. Yusob, and A. T. Mobashsher,“Design of a compact dual band microstrip antenna for ku-band application,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI ’09), vol. 2, pp.699–702, Selangor, Malaysia, August 2009.

[5] M. T. Islam, N. Misran, and A. T. Mobashsher, “Compact dual band microstrip antenna for Ku-band application,” Information Technology Journal, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 354–358, 2010.

References

[6] http://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2013/378420/ Dual-Band Operation of a Microstrip Patch Antenna on a Duroid 5870 Substrate for Ku- and K-Bands.

 [7] C.A. Balanis, Antenna Theory, 2nd Ed., John wily & sons, Inc.,

NewYork.1982. [8] Girish Kumar and K.P.Ray, “Broadband Microstrip Antennas,”

Artech House.  [9] Debatosh Guha and Yahia M.M.Antar, “Microstrip and Printed

Antennas,” John wily & sons, Inc.  [10] Randy Bancroft, “Microstrip and Printed Antenna Design,” 2nd

Edition, SciTech Publishing, Inc.

[11] M. Sanad,―Effect of the shorting posts on short circuit microstrip antennas,‖ Proceedings, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, pp. 794-797, 1994.

 

References

[12] Pradeep Kumar, "Microstrip Antennas Loaded with Shorting Post", Scientific reasearch engineering,June 2009.

 [13] R. Porath, ―Theory of miniaturized shorting-post micro-strip

antennas,‖IEEE Transactions, Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 41-47, 2000.

[14] Bimal Garg, Rahul Dev Verma, Ankit Samadhiya “Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Incorporated with Innovative Metamaterial Structure for Dual band operation and Amelioration in Patch Antenna Parameters with Negative μ and ε”, International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 1 (3) (2012) 205-216.

[15] B. F. Wang and Y. T. Lo, “Microstrip Antenna for Dual-Frequency Operation,” IEEE Trunsactions on Antennas and Propagation,AP-32, 9, September 1984, pp. 938-943.

[16] Apeksha S. Chavan , Prof. Pragnesh N. Shah , Seema Mishra , Analysis of Dual Frequency Microstrip Antenna Using Shorting Wall, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2013)

References

Thank You