A Project Conducted under

Grassroots Innovation Augmentation Network (GIAN-N), Jaipur &National Innovation Foundation (NIF)

BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF

“THE MILKING MACHINE”(Especially for high Milk yielding Cows & Buffalos)

Submitted by:-

Hiten BhandariAravali Institute of Management

Jodhpur (Rajasthan)

Under Guidance of

Mr. Vishnu MathurChief Innovation Manager (Acting)

GIAN (North)

Table of Contents

1. Acknowledgement2. Preface 3. Declaration, Project Title, Objectives4. Executive Summary5. History, Introduction6. About the Innovator, Other Innovations, Future Plans & dreams of the

Innovator7. Reasons for Innovating Machine, Genesis, Working of machine8. Functions of machine9. Vacuum, How Pulsators are Activated10. Pulsator Cycle, Pulsator Rate, Pulsation Ratio, Pulsation Phase,

Simultaneous Pulsation, Alternating Pulsation11. The Milker Unit12. Teat-cup Shells and Liners (Inflations), Softness of Liner, Milk Receptacle13. Milk Movement-Pipeline to Bulk Tank &

Different Models: -1. Hand operated milking machine

(Specification)14. Flow Chart showing steps for Hand operated Milking machine15. Different Models: -

2. Single phase electrical milking machine (Specification)3. 12 volt battery driven milking machine (Specification)

16. Flow Chart showing steps for Electricity & Battery operated Milking machine

17. Cleaning of electrical & battery driven milking machine, Advantages of milking machine

18. High Milk Yielding Cows in India & Abroad19. High Milk Yielding Buffalos in India & Abroad20. Users of this machine in India & Abroad21. Cost Benefit Analysis22. Result of using “The Milking Machine”, Benefits of the Milking machine

for Cows / Buffalos, Benefits of the Milking machine for the User23. Benefits of the Milking machine for the Dairy Owners, The Future24. Contact Information & Contact Persons25. Findings26. Recommendations27. Financial Data for Recommendation No. 128. Financial Data for Recommendation No. 329. Financial Data for Recommendation No. 430. Bibliography

S.No. Particulars

Acknowledgement

This is a small note to express thanks to all those people who have played an important role for the successful completion of this project.

I am very thankful to Prof. Varun Arya, Director, Aravali Institute of Management, Jodhpur who has given me an opportunity to perform to the best of our capabilities and to apply the theory into practical.

I show gratitude to our Project Guide Mr. Vishnu Mathur (GIAN – N) & Mr. Rajeev Sharma (Accountant, GIAN – N) who provided his precious time to our project.

I am also thankful to Mr. Raghav Gowda innovator of “The Milking Machine” for giving his precious time to show me the live demonstration of the machine & help me to understand its working.

I am also thankful to all the faculty members especially my faculty guide Mr. Amit Bhati of Aravali Institute of Management whose encouragement and never ending support made us relentlessly work hard towards the pursuit of preparing this report in a timely and efficient manner.

Finally I am grateful to all the villagers for their valuable and diverse views, which provided valuable inputs for the analysis and recommendations for the project.

Preface

Marketing is one of the most important function in business. It is the discipline required to understand customer’s need & the benefits they seek.

No study can be termed complete if there is no practical experience. Hence need for training has become a real necessity. The training aims to prepare students through a process of practical experience. Practical exposure has no doubt contributed a significant amount of knowledge to me along with real life experience and was an ideal combination of academic knowledge & practical experience.

Marketing activities can be regarded as lifeblood of all business concerns. In order to enhance the performance of marketing department and overall success of business concern, study of consumer behavior and their satisfaction, sales and distribution channels advertisements & competitive advantages is necessary. The performance of a company is very much important for an organization.

Grassroots Innovation Augmentation Network - North, Jaipur is in fact a very ideal location to gain practical experience. I am sure the experience gained in short duration, will go a long way in all my future endeavors.

Declaration

I hereby declare that this project title work entitled “Linkages for Marketing of Milking Machine” is my work, carried out under the guidance of faculty guide Mr. Prithwi Tilak Banerjee & Mr. Amit Bhati & my Project Guide Mr. Vishnu Mathur & Mr. Rajeev Sharma (Accountant, GIAN – N ). This report is neither full nor in part & has ever been submitted for award of any other degree.

Project Title

“Linkages for Marketing of Milking Machine.”

Objectives

To identify the major dairies which may be the potential clients.

To collect the data regarding the High breeds of Cows & Buffalos in India on which this machine can give the better efficiency.

To share video CD & related literature on the utility & usefulness of this machine to dairy owners.

To discuss / arrange live demonstration & to clear the doubts of the villagers, farmers, dairy owners etc. on working of the machine.

To take the feedback from the villagers, farmers, dairy owners etc. on the working of the machine.

To access the demand potential in the working areas where the marketing efforts were done.

To study various government schemes for the promotion of milking machine & preparing the methodology of linkages to take the benefit of these schemes for the dairy owners & farmers.

Executive Summary

The milking machine is a nearly automatic machine installation for milking cows. The system consists of the cluster (the assembly that is manually attached to the cow), a milk tube, a pulse tube and pulsator, a vacuum pump or blower, and perhaps a recorder jar or milk meter that measures yield. Together, the system allows milk to flow into a pipeline in preparation for shipping to a processing plant.

The cluster consists of teat cups, a shell and liner device that actually performs the milking action, and a claw or manifold that spaces the teat cups and connects them to the milk and pulse tubes. The milk tube carries the milk and air mixture away from the cow's udder to receiving tanks. The pulse tube, or airline, carries the varying air pressure from the pulsator device to the tanks, drawing the milk and fluids out of the cows as well.

In operation, milk is drawn from the cow's teats because a vacuum is created within the cup device, forcing the milk through the teat canal. The pulsator alternates the pressure, first creating a vacuum (milk phase), and then applying air, which causes the flexible liner in the cup to collapse and massage the teat (rest phase). The alternating process of milk-and-rest is continued in a rhythmic pattern for the cows' health and good milk productivity.

Milking machines are used to harvest milk from cows when manual milking becomes inefficient or labour intensive. The milking unit is the portion of a milking machine for removing milk from an udder. It is made up of a claw, four teatcups, (Shells and rubber liners) long milk tube, long pulsation tube, and a pulsator. The claw is an assembly that connects the short pulse tubes and short milk tubes from the teatcups to the long pulse tube and long milk tube. (Cluster assembly) Claws are commonly made of stainless steel or plastic or both. Teatcups are composed of a rigid outer shell (stainless steel or plastic) that holds a soft inner liner or inflation. Transparent sections in the shell may allow viewing of liner collapse and milk flow. The annular space between the shell and liner is called the pulse chamber.

History

Early attempts at milking cows involved a variety of methods. Around 380 B.C., Egyptians, along with traditional milking-by-hand, inserted wheat straws into cows' teats. Suction was first used as a basis for the mechanized harvesting of milk in 1851, although the attempts were not altogether successful, drawing too much blood and body fluid congestion within the teat. To encourage further innovations, the Royal Agricultural Society of England offered money for a safe, working milking machine. Around the 1890s Alexander Shiels of Glasgow, Scotland, developed a pulsator that alternated suction levels to successfully massage the blood and fluids out of the teat for proper blood circulation. That device, along with the development of a double-chambered teat cup in 1892, led to milking machines replacing hand milking. After the 1920s machine milking became firmly established in the dairy industry. Today, the majority of all milking is processed by machine

Introduction

The milking machine plays an important role on the dairy farm as an efficient means of milking cows; however, it must be remembered that this machine is one of the few devices which has direct contact with living animal tissue. A milking operation which results in discomfort to the cow and is caused by faulty milking equipment or techniques may lead to injury or mastitis.

Consequently, before a person attempts to milk cows he/she should thoroughly

understand the basic operation of the milking equipment and fully realize the significance of maintaining the equipment in good condition at all times and of employing good milking techniques. This fact sheet describes the basic operations involved to help give a better understanding of milking machines.

About the Innovator

Raghava Gowda hails from Pallathadka, Murulya village in the Sulya taluka of South Canara district in Karnataka. A school teacher by profession, he is 56-years-old and is brimming with ideas that would help solve various problems faced by members of his community. His father was also a school teacher. He acknowledges the support provided by his family throughout the process of innovation. He attributes his success to willingness to work hard, kindness and truthfulness to his parents. These virtues according to him have contributed a lot to his growth as an individual. Raghava is respected and held in high esteem, and his innovations are by now legendary in his village.

Other innovations

He has developed a sprayer which can machine spray areca trees. This sprayer uses a gutter pump with a control mechanism in hand and costs about Rs.350. It is easy to use, assemble and dismantle and he has been using it for the last 12 years. He claims the method is cost effective and efficient and that the sprayer can spray in a 360° direction and to a distance of 20ft that can cover around 20 areca plants.

He has developed a fodder cutter that slices even hard fodder material like coconut and Areca Palms easily. He claims that the present fodder cutter he is using is unique and more efficient and safer to handle and that he developed it six years back. Now he has developed a new model with some modifications and is selling it at a cost of Rs.750.

Raghava Gowda also practices many alternative as well as resource saving technologies as part of his daily life. He uses solar energy to light the lamps in his house. For this he has installed two solar panels on the rooftop and charges 24 volts batteries. He practices multi-crop farming and has 15acres of well irrigated farm with lust greenery. His farm consists of a variety of plans of both horticultural and medicinal importance and he claims that for the past 14 years he hasn’t used any chemical fertilizers in his farm. He uses the waste slurry as manure for the plants in his farm. An advocate of rainwater harvesting, he effectively uses the run-off water to charge his own bore wells.

Future plans and dreams of the Innovator

Raghava’s aim is to make his milking machine available to dairy farmers at a cheaper rate. But he is quite sure that he does not want to sit back and enjoy the success of his “Milk Master”, but would prefer to dedicate his time to developing the following innovations which are currently in a conceptual form- easy methods of bee-keeping, a gas water heater and an automatic water dispenser for a cattle shed.

Reasons for Innovating Machine

Finding skilled labour for milking a small herd of cows is a problem often faced by a small-time farmer. Adding to this is the fact that milking by hand is not considered healthy or hygienic anymore. But milking using a machine is a luxury which only a large farm or dairy house can boast of, calling for a huge investment in power supply and machinery. All of these set school teacher-farmer, Raghava Gowda, thinking very hard about developing an alternate means of mechanized milking which would be affordable to all farmers.

Genesis

A keen observer and a fast learner, Gowda observed the working of the Gutter spray pump, used for spraying pesticides. He came up with the idea of using PVC teat cups and a plastic pipe on the Gutter pump. Thus he developed the first machine and began experimenting on his own farm. But for this the teat cup had to be moulded according to the size of the teat and he had to heat the PVC pipe. But milking using this device proved to be quite painful for the cow as an excessive vacuum was created. To solve this problem, a vacuum container was adapted. With this addition, milking could be done from four teats. Experimenting with it further he switched over to a foot press. Then he fitted the vacuum pump on a four legged fabricated frame which later was replaced by a three-legged frame to provide stability. A vacuum level gauge was provided to know the level of the vacuum generated. To reduce the strain on the operator he then tried out a gear and wheel vacuum pump set-up. A stainless steel can, lid and stainless steel junctions for the teat adaptors were also introduced. Further trials resulted in reducing the milking effort by adopting alternate pulsing for each set of two teats and by reducing stroke and diameter of vacuum pump. It took him four years of hard work and 15 models to finally arrive at the successful milking machine, which costs less than Rs.11000/- and at last Raghava is satisfied that the machine is problem free.

Working of machine

Raghava has developed an elaborate, refined milking machine that can milk cows and buffaloes using a set of reciprocating vacuum pumps with a vacuum gauge, a suction assembly unit and an air bubble free well gasketed milk canister to receive the milk. The suction assembly has two sub-assemblies with a set of nipples and stainless steel plate on one side and transparent conduit pipes and a regulator valve on the other.

Each of the sub-assemblies is taken apart for cleaning before and after every milking operation. The udder and teats of the cow are also washed with cold water and wiped using cotton cloth. The hand lever attached to the pumping unit is cranked till a vacuum of 200-250 inches is created in the suction–nipple unit. This is attached to the udders and the milk gets deposited in the receiving canister via the transparent conduit pipes. When air bubbles flow along with the milk, the operation is stopped and on gently pressing the top of the teats, the teats get released. The control valve and vacuum pressure gauge, located on the main pumping unit, control the suction circuit and the milk receiving

canister via the transparent conduit pumps. The four nipple suction configuration can alternate pulsations between two sets for the operation for facilitating milk flow and reducing milking time.

Good publicity in the press helped and soon his phone was ringing off the hook, with frantic and urgent enquiries about the milking machine. This is now widely used and appreciated by small-scale diary farmers in his area. As of date he has sold 600-700 machines and has another ten orders in hand from states like Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu also.

He has got good responses from universities, banks & other government agencies. Former President Dr. A. P. J Abdul Kalam has also awarded Mr. Raghav Gowda. The University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, had given him a certificate during the Krishimela. The Syndicate bank, Hiriyadka, also has given a certificate in appreciation of his innovation. But so far he has not been approached with any business enquiries or for licensing the technology.

Functions of machine

The milking machine performs two basic functions:

1. It causes milk to flow from a teat by exposing the teat end to a partial vacuum. 2. It massages the teat in an effort to relieve the effects of a continuous milking

vacuum.

Vacuum

Milking machines depend upon a partial vacuum for their operation. A partial vacuum is created when part of the air is removed from a confined space, such as the various pipes in a milking system. The amount of air removed from the system will determine the vacuum level.

The vacuum level indicated on a vacuum gauge is measured in Kilopascals (metric) or in inches of mercury vacuum (imperial). For example, if approximately one-half of the air is removed from the system a vacuum gauge would indicate 50 kilopascals or 15 inches of mercury vacuum.

How Pulsators are Activated*

Pulsators can either be vacuum or electrically operated. The vacuum-operated pulsator uses air to move the plunger or slide valve which covers or uncovers the air passages to produce the pulsating action. The plunger or slide valve may be housed in oil for smoother action. The rate of pulsation is controlled by a needle valve which may be factory set or may be manually adjustable. Temperature changes tend to affect the pulsation rate of vacuum-operated pulsators, so be conscious of this factor and maintain the pulsator at normal operating temperatures to help reduce rate variations.

The electric pulsator may be operated by a master control which sends, via an electric current, the proper command to the pulsator to perform a preset pulsation rate and ratio. The electric pulsator is unaffected by temperature and therefore, has the advantage of producing a constant pulsation rate.

Some electronic pulsators have a computer chip internally mounted. These pulsators function to a preset rate and ratio once they are inserted into a stall cock electrical-vacuum source.

Some pulsators have variable pulsation rates and ratios. This feature allows the individual farmer to better choose the pulsation rate and ratio that suits the dairy herd's needs. However, a word of caution: DO NOT experiment unless you fully understand the technical aspects of pulsation rates and ratios and know how they influence the cow's milking; otherwise, severe injury could result.

*Source: - http://www.milkproduction.com/Library/Articles/Milking_machine_use_and_maintenance.htm

Some terms related to the Pulsator

Pulsator Cycle*

A cycle refers to the total time in seconds that a pulsator takes to complete one milk phase and one massage phase. *Source:- http://www.americanartifacts.com/smma/milker/milker.htm

Pulsator Rate*

The pulsation rate refers to the number of cycles that the pulsator makes in one minute. Pulsators on the market have pulsation rates ranging from 40 to 60 cycles per minute.*Source:- http://www.americanartifacts.com/smma/milker/milker.htm

Pulsation Ratio*

The pulsation ratio is the length of time in each cycle that the pulsator is in its milk phase compared to its massage phase. The pulsation ratio may be expressed as a simple ratio or it can be expressed as a percentage. *Source: - http://www.americanartifacts.com/smma/milker/milker.htm

Pulsation Phase*

The pulsation phase refers to the method of pulsation known as simultaneous (4 x 0) or alternating pulsation (2 x 2).*Source:- http://www.americanartifacts.com/smma/milker/milker.htm

Simultaneous Pulsation*

Some milking machines are designed to operate with all four teat cups simultaneously milking and then all four teat cups massaging.*Source: - http://www.americanartifacts.com/smma/milker/milker.htm

Alternating Pulsation*

Some milking machine units are designed to operate with an alternating action; that is, while two teat-cup liners are milking the other two liners are massaging. Depending on the manufacturer, the alternating action may be from the left side to the right side or it can be from front quarters to back on an individual cow.*Source: - http://www.americanartifacts.com/smma/milker/milker.htm

The Milker Unit*

All milker units operate in basically the same way and consist of the following components:

1. Pulsator, 2. Teat cup shells and liners (inflations), 3. Milk receptacle:

o bucket o Teat-cup claw (attached to a floor pail milker or to a pipeline).

The basic operation of the milker unit is shown in fig. 1.and 2. As the pulsator operates, it causes the chamber between the shell and the liner to alternate regularly from vacuum to air source. It should be kept in mind that the inside of the teat-cup liner is under a milking vacuum at all times. Thus when air is admitted between the shell and liner (Fig. 1) the line collapses around the cow's teat. The pressure of the collapse liner is applied to the teat giving a massaging action. This is called the rest or massage phase. Milk does not flow from the teat during this phase.

During the milk phase (Figure 1), the space between the liner and the shell is exposed to the vacuum by way of the pulsator. The fact that there is now equal pressure on both sides of the liner causes it to open. The end of the cow's teat exposed to the vacuum and the influence of internal milk pressure within the cow's udder causes the milk to be drawn out through the teat opening.

Figure 1

The milking process then consists of opening (milk phase) and closing (massage phase) the teat-cup liner over and over again.

*Source:-http://www.classes.ansci.uiuc.edu/ansc438/Mastitis/milkmachine.html

Teat-cup Shells and Liners (Inflations)*

Many types of teat-cup shell and liner combinations are available. Make sure that the shell and liner are compatible. For instance, make sure that the liner has enough room inside the shell so that it can fully collapse without hitting the inside walls.

Choose a liner that has a mouth piece which helps prevent downward slippage or riding-up action on the base of the udder. To reduce teat and udder irritation, the use of narrow to intermediate bore liners is recommended. If a herd is presently being milked with a wide-bore style liner and one wishes to change to a narrow-bore liner, be conscious of the following facts:

1. Many drop-offs may be experienced at first until you relearn how to handle the milker units, such as putting less tension on the units, etc.

2. Slower milking may be experienced on some cows at first. 3. Some long, flabby teats of cows may never be able to adapt to the narrow-bore

style.

*Source: - http://www.genusbreeding.co.uk/content.output/42/179/Udder%20Care/

Milking%20Systems%20Services/Milking%20Machine%20Testing.mspx

Softness of Liner

The liners (inflations) should be replaced as recommended by the manufacturer. A liner should be replaced immediately if it becomes damaged.

The general recommendations for changing liners are as follows:

Figure 2

Figure 2

synthetic rubber 1,000 - 1,200 cow milkings

more natural rubber 500 - 700 cow milkings

silicone type 5,000 - 10,000 cow milkings

Milk Receptacle

Milker units may be classified either as being the suspension bucket or claw type. The claw-type milker is attached to a floor pail milker or to a milk pipeline system via a hose used to transfer the milk.

Air is needed in the claw to help lift the milk up into the pail milker or into the pipeline. This air is let into the claw through the air admission inlet located in the claw or in the individual teat-cup liners. Care must be taken so that the air admission hole(s) is kept clean but not enlarged to the extent that excessive agitation could cause rancidity problems with the milk. An alternative to air admission is a two vacuum level system within the milker unit which pushes the milk as a column up the hose and into the pipeline.

Milk Movement-Pipeline to Bulk Tank

Once in the pipeline, milk flows by gravity into a receiver jar. A milk pump removes the milk from the receiver jar and it passes through a filter as it makes its way to the bulk tank for cooling and storage

Different Models

At initial stage Mr. Raghva Gowda has designed only one model but at present there are in all three models. And they are: -

1. Hand operated milking machine2. Single phase electrical milking machine

3. 12 volt battery milking machine

As the name suggest the changes. The working of the machine is not different according to the model. Each & every model has the same function only the difference is that “Hand operated milking machine” works with the help of hands & the other two model work with the help of battery & electricity.

1. Hand operated milking machine : - Simple hand operated milking machine has two reciprocating vacuum pump, a handle to operate vacuum pump, a stainless steel machine frame, an air tight stainless steel milk can of 16 liter capacity, a vacuum and pulse regulator with vacuum gauge, “Teat Adapter Cluster” with a ball valve and connecting plastic pipes.

Specification

Milking can capacity : 16 liters Dry weight of machine : 18 kg

Time for milking : 4 minutes for Cow, 7 minutes for Buffalo

Vacuum in milking line : 300mm Hg Maximum

Pulsing : Alternating (two teats/stroke)

Pulse rate : No. of strokes made/min. (ideally 60)

Cleaning : Boiling water

Adaptability : One animal at a time only

Hand operated milking machine

Clean the milk can, inside of teat adapter cluster

Close the milk can & ball valve of teat adapter cluster

Hold the teat adapter cluster in one hand and sit on the machine & operate the machine handle to & fro until

vacuum gauge shows 200 to 250 reading

Prepare cow for milking by cleaning and massaging the udder

Hold the teat adapter cluster on right hand and insert the teats into teat liners of teat adapter

Press the teat adapter cluster against the udder

Slowly open the ball valve of teat adapter cluster and teat adapters clutch the udder of animal

Leave teat adapter cluster to hang on udder and start operating the machine handle to & fro very gently

Watch milk flow in transparent pipe. Operate the machine continuously until milk flow in transparent pipe atop

After milk is completely drained hold the teat adapter cluster and close the ball valve

Insert finger in between teat liner & teat. The teat adapter cluster declutches

Milk another animal

End Process

YES NO

Flow Chart showing steps for Hand operated Milking machine

2. Single phase electrical milking machine: - This milking machine is driven by single phase AC geared motor, through a linkage. This machine is mounted on a stainless steel trolley and can be dragged easily in cow shed.

Specification

Power required : 180 watt (220 V single phase) Dry weight of machine : 30 kg.

Time for milking : 4 minutes for Cow, 7 minutes for Buffalo

Vacuum in milking line : 300mm Hg Maximum

Pulsing : Alternating (two teats/stroke)

Pulse rate : 60/minute

Cleaning : Boiling water

Mounting : Stainless steel trolley

Adaptability : One animal at a time only

3. 12 volt battery driven milking machine: - Milking machine is driven by 12 volt DC geared motor, through a linkage. This machine is mounted on a stainless trolley and can be dragged easily in cow shed. A battery charger is used to charge the battery. Once charged, the machine can run for 2 hours continuously.

Specification

Power required : 150 watt (12 volt DC) Battery : 35 Ah 12 volt

Dry weight of machine : 30 kg.

Time for milking : 4 minutes for Cow, 7 minutes for Buffalo

Vacuum in milking line : 300mm Hg Maximum

Pulsing : Alternating (two teats/stroke)

Pulse rate : 60/minute

Cleaning : Boiling water

Mounting : Stainless steel trolley

Adaptability : One animal at a time only

Battery operated milking machine Electrical milking machine

Clean the milk can, inside of teat adapter cluster

Close can lid, keep the ball valve of teat adapter cluster open switch on the machine then close ball valve

Run the machine until vacuum gauge shows 200 to 250mm of Hg reading

Prepare cow for milking by cleaning and massaging the udder

Hold the teat adapter cluster on right hand and insert the teats into teat liners of teat adapter

Press the teat adapter cluster against the udder

Slowly open the ball valve of teat adapter cluster and teat adapters clutch the udder of animal

Leave teat adapter cluster to hang on udder and start operating the machine handle to & fro very gently

Watch milk flow in transparent pipe. Operate the machine continuously until milk flow in transparent pipe atop

After milk is completely drained hold the teat adapter cluster and close the ball valve

Insert finger in between teat liner & teat. The teat adapter cluster declutches

Milk another animal

End ProcessNOYES

Flow Chart showing steps for Electricity & Battery operated Milking machine

Cleaning of electrical & battery driven milking machine

i. Take 3 liter boiling water in bucket & close the milk canii. Dip teat adapter cluster in boiling water

iii. Switch on and run the milking machine. Boiling water flows through the milk pipe into milk can

iv. Open the teat adapter cluster & milk can, wash it thoroughly. If required use mild detergent & brush

v. Hang the teat adapter cluster in shade and keep the machine in a cool place away from direct sunlight

Advantages of milking machine

Clean & hygienic milk collection Save labor & time (4minutes for Cow, 7 minutes for Buffalo)

Can be operated by unskilled persons

Low cost, easy maintenance and low running cost & for Hand operated milking machine electricity is also not required

Simulates suckling action of calf

Removes all milk from udder

Gives uniform pressure on teats and helps to overcome mastitis

100% safety for animal

Easy carrying handling & operation

Easily transferable

High Milk Yielding Cows in India & Abroad*

Sahiwal

Mainly found in Punjab, Haryana, U.P, Delhi, Bihar and M.P. Milk yield – Under village condition :1350 kgs

               – Under commercial farms: 2100 kgs Age at first calving -32-36 months Calving interval – 15 month

Gir

Mainly found in Gir forest areas of South Kathiawar Milk yield   – Under village condition : 900 kgs

                 – Under commercial farms: 1600 kgs

Tharparkar

Mainly found in Jodhpur, Kutch and Jaisalmer Milk yield   – Under village condition :1660 kgs

                 – Under commercial farms: 2500 kgs

Red Sindhi

Mainly available in Punjab, Haryana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Orissa. Milk yield   – Under village condition :1100 kgs

                 – Under commercial farms: 1900 kgs

Brown Swiss

Mainly found in Alps of Switzerland Average output is 9545 kg of milk per 305 day-cycle/year, with 4% butterfat

Guernsey

Mainly found in Guernesy Average output is 6680 kg of milk per 305 day-cycle/year, with 4.5% butterfat

Milking Shorthorn

Mainly found in Britain Average output is 7000 kg of milk per 305 day-cycle/year, with 3.8% butterfat

Holstein-Friesian

Mainly found in Northern Germany & North Holland/Friesland regions of Netherland

Average output is 12720 kg of milk per 305 day-cycle/year, with 2.5-3% butterfat This is by far the best diary breed among exotic cattle regarding milk yield. On an

average it gives 25 litres of milk per day, whereas a cross breed H.F. cow gives 10 - 15 lts per day

It can perform well in coastal and delta areas

Jersey

Mainly found in Britain's Isle of Jersey, close to the Isle of Guernsey just off the coast of France

Average output is 7270 kg of milk per 305 day-cycle/year, with 4.9% butterfat Age at first calving : 26-30 months Intercalving – 13-14 months In India this breed has acclimatized well especially in the hot and humid areas

High Milk Yielding Buffalos in India & Abroad*

Murrah

Mainly found in Haryana, Delhi and Punjab Milk yield – 1560 kgs On an average the daily milk yield is found to be 8-10 lts, whereas a cross breed

murrah buffalo gives 6-8 lts per day It performs well in coastal and slightly cold climatic areas

Jaffarabadi

Mainly found in Kathiawar district of Gujarat Milk yield – 1800-2700 kgs

Pandharpuri

Mainly found in the Solapur, Kolhapur and Sangli districts of Maharashtra state Under average management conditions and hot -dry climate these buffaloes yield

6-7 liters of milk per day; however under good management they are reported to yield up to 15 liters of milk per day

The breed is famous for its high reproductive ability, producing a calf every 12 months

Nagpuri

Mainly found in Nagpur, Wardha, Akola, Amravathi and Yeotmal in Maharastra. Milk yield – 1030-1500 kgs

Surti

Mainly found in Gujarat Milk yield – 1700-2500 kgs

*Source: -

BAIF Development Research Foundation, Pune http://www.raw-milk-facts.com/dairy_cow_breeds.html http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/jayarajvet-104080-buffalo-breeds-

india-animal-education-ppt-powerpoint/

Users of this machine in India & Abroad

This machine can be used by the farmers who live in different villages of India. This machine can be used by the people who own their own farms

This machine can also be used by people who are having high yielding cows/buffalos at their home

Cost Benefit Analysis*

A cost benefit analysis is done to determine how well, or how poorly, a planned action will turn out. Although a cost benefit analysis can be used for almost anything, it is most commonly done on financial questions. Since the cost benefit analysis relies on the addition of positive factors and the subtraction of negative ones to determine a net result, it is also known as running the numbers.

A cost benefit analysis finds, quantifies, and adds all the positive factors. These are the benefits. Then it identifies, quantifies, and subtracts all the negatives, the costs. The difference between the two indicates whether the planned action is advisable. The real trick to doing a cost benefit analysis well is making sure you include all the costs and all the benefits and properly quantify them.

Suppose a person is maintaining his own farm house & he maintains 20 cows in his farm house. Each cow on an average gives milk of 20 liters per day, so the average total production of milk per day is 400 liters (i.e. 20 cows * 20 liters of milk per day), & on monthly basis the average milk produced is 12,000 liters (i.e. 400 liters of milk per day * 30 days).

The milk is sold to in the market & 15 Rs. Per liter. So his average monthly sales is of Rs. 1,80,000 (i.e. 12,000 liters*15 Rs. Per liter).

The person himself cannot milch all the cows, so for this he keeps 5 skilled labors to take care of the cows & to milch the cows. Salary of each labor is Rs. 4,000.

Now, the person comes to know about the Hand Operated Milking Machine & he purchases 4 Hand Operated Milking Machines. The changes which he notices are as follows: -

The average milk given by each cow increases by 200 milliliters. As the cow is milched two times a day, so the daily production increases by 8 liters per day (i.e. 400 milliliters*20 cows), so the increase in monthly average production is of 240 liters (i.e. 30 days*8 liters per day)

With this increase in production of milk the average income of the owner increases by Rs. 3600 (i.e. 240 liters*15 Rs. Per liter)

And also he has a saving of Rs. 4,000 as now there is no need of skilled labor as the manual work has also been reduced with the help of machine. So now he needs only 4 persons to operate the machine & to take care of the cows.

Note: - Cost Benefit Analysis is totally based on assumption.

Result of using “The Milking Machine”

With a correctly specified, installed, operated and maintained milking machine the owner of the farm house will be rewarded with a volume of milk according to his cows’ present ability and with a quality that meets the highest standards.

The payment for the milk is always related to the volume produced and in most cases also influenced by the quality of the milk measured in some way.

Milk quality can be measured as fat and protein content and then valued as food for human consumption with a certain content of nutrients.

Milk quality can be measured as total bacteria content –TBC- , which measures the hygienic standard of the milk.

Milk quality can also be measured as somatic cell content –SCC- , which measures the animal health or level of mastitis infections in the udder.Milk quality can also be measured as odor (smell) and taste, which is a measurement of palatability.

Finally contaminations of antibiotic residues, other impurities and water are seen as serious deteriorations of the milk quality.

Benefits of the Milking machine for Cows / Buffalos

1. While milching with the help of the machine no nails are pinched in the teats of animal as when the milching is done with the help of hands it happened.

2. Milching process becomes easy & it causes no harm or any kind of problem to the animal.

3. No insects would sit on the teats of the animal as the teats are being covered with the help of cluster.

Benefits of the Milking machine for the User

1. With the use of machine productivity of the milk increases, because prior to that milching was done with the help of hands and it took a lot of time & due to that hands of the person who is milching the animal also starts paining and after a while he stops milching the animal & because of that some milk remains in the teats of the cows

2. No, problem of skilled labor, as the milching process is done by the skilled person only but the machine can be used by a person who is not skilled also

3. Saving in time, as the milching process when done by hands used to take approximately 3o minutes to milch 6-7 liters of milk but with the help of machine it just takes 3-4 minutes to milch the animal.

4. Fat content in the milk increases, so with this there is also increase in the income of the farm owner as the payment for the milk is always related to the volume produced and in most cases also influenced by the quality of the milk measured in some way.

Benefits of the Milking machine for the Dairy Owners

1. With the use of machine the productivity of the milk increases for the farm owner & due to this the milk supplied to them also increases, ultimately there is increase in their production also.

2. Now, the milk which they are supplied has more fat content in it & is also bacteria free milk.

The Future

Advances in technology have introduced several new innovations to milking machines. Automatic detacher units that connect loosely to the milking claw allow cows to move and shift freely during milking. Based on the rate of milk flow, the detacher can also detect the end of milking, shutting the vacuum and actually removing the claw from the cow.

Automatic back flushing units are also gaining popularity. These units and systems send chemical and rinse solutions through pipelines and clusters to reduce the risk of infection and mastitis (udder inflammation).

The use of automatic identification systems, such as electronic transponder cow neck-tags, has enabled dairy farmers to keep track of milk production by individual cows. This new innovation will require little manual labor, and the machines will oversee much of the milking process from the time a cow enters a milking center until it leaves to graze.

Contact Information

KSHEERA ENTERPRISESMurulya post, Sullia tallukDakshinakannada districtKarnataka, Pin code 574328Phone no. (08257) 275020, 204370Mobile no. +91 94481 44098, +91 99942 10295

Contact Persons

Mr. Raghava Gowda PPhone no. 08257-275020, 08257-204370Email ID: - raghavagowda@yahoo.com

Mrs. Maina KusumadharaPhone no. 080-27844098Mobile no. +91 94481 44098Email ID: - maina_ksm@yahoo.com

Mr. Kusumadhara KMobile no. +91 99942 10295Email ID: - kusumadhara_maina@yahoo.co.in

Mrs. Madhu YathishMobile no. +91 94488 87718

Mr. Yathish PaloliMobile no. +91 99457 91743

Findings

1. The innovator is getting all parts manufactured from vendors this means that the innovator is totally dependent upon vendors. So the innovator has to keep stock of finished part of inventory with him in sufficient quantity.

2. At present innovator is running his workshop in a village, so the main problem he is facing is of labor & electricity.

3. The machine has a good scope in other parts of country also as this has been said by the higher authorities of RCDF (Rajasthan Co-operative Dairy Federation) the only thing which is need is new ways of promotion.

4. This machine is having the “World’s Lowest Price” & is also Hand operated as said by higher authorities of RCDF.

5. This machine is also having a good demand in International Market & the innovator is also planning to standardize his product & conduct business in international market.

6. The person who is having minimum 5 cows / buffalos & is suggested to purchase this machine.

7. If any subsidy is given by the government to the farmers, they can purchase this machine easily.

Recommendations

1. The video CD of the machine is in English, it must also be prepared in Hindi language, as this machine is basically used by farmers and they don’t know English.

2. Before sending the machine to the owner the owner must know how to use the machine. So a person must be send to him, who can teach him that how the machine is to be used. (For this the traveling, eating & staying expenses are to be paid by the buyer.)

3. As this machine has shown a good scope in Southern parts of India, this machine must be promoted in other parts also & for this 2-3 offices must be set in every state where the people can easily come in contact & know about this machine.

4. 10 Hand Operated Milking Machine must be provided to Rajasthan Co-operative Dairy Federation (RCDF) as sample machines, so with their help it can be supplied further to different milk collection centers & then the milk collection centre head can give the sample machine for use to the farmers / villagers who is having high yielding milking cows / buffalos for 3-4 days. And after 3-4 days the centre head can take the reply from the farmers / villagers & forward it to RCDF & the same can be collected by the GIAN – N.

5. This machine has a good market, so we must promote this machine with the help of various trade link as it has been done on one of the website which is www.agricultureinformation.com. Like this other trade links must also be used for its promotion. (This type of promotional work has been done without incurring any expenses.)