Report on the Identification and Analysis of the Cultural Values of Lady Victoria Colliery, Lady Victoria Colliery Manager‟s Office and Nos.1-12 (inclusive) Lingerwood Cottages,

Newtongrange, Midlothian.

Scottish Centre for Conservation Studies, Edinburgh College of Art, Edinburgh University

Module: AC6 WORLD HERITAGE Adam Thomson December 2011

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CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS page iii

1 BACKGROUND page 1

1.2 Introduction

1.3 Report Brief

1.4 Report Subject Area

2. METHODOLOGY page 2

2.1 Assessment Criteria

3. HISTORICAL CONTEXT page 2

4. CURRENT USES page 3

5. MEANING TO THOSE THAT HAVE USED IT page 4

6. DETERMINATION OF LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE

OF STUDY SITE page 5

7. STATEMENT OF HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE page 9

8. CONCLUSION page 11 9. POSTSCRIPT page 12

APPENDIX A: REFERENCES page 13

APPENDIX B: EXTRACTS FROM HISTORIC

SCOTLAND‟S DESCRIPTIVE LIST page 15

APPENDIX C: THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF

LADY VICTORIA COLLIERY page 21

APPENDIX D: EXTRACT FROM NEW SOUTH WALES (NSW)

HERITAGE MANUAL “ASSESSING HERITAGE

SIGNIFICANCE” page 23

APPENDIX E: WORLD HERITAGE CRITERIA page 26

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APPENDIX F: POEM BY VALERIE GILLES, THE EDINBURGH MAKER,

COMMISIONED IN JANUARY 2008 BY THE RCAHMS: page 27

APPENDIX G: LIST OF CASE STUDIES OF INDIVIDUALLY

SIGNIFICANT STRUCTURE OR MUNUMENTS

ON COLLIERY SITES WITHIN THE “INTERNATIONAL

COLLIERIES STUDY: PART OF THE GLOBAL STRATEGY

FOR A BALANCED WORLD HERITAGE LIST”,

STEVEN HUGHES, 2004 page 28

FIGURES

Figure I Images of Lady Victoria Colliery. page 29

Figure II Image of Lady Victoria Colliery Manager‟s Office. page 42

Figure III Images of Nos.1-12 Lingerwood Cottages. page 43

Figure IV Location Plan. page 44

Figure V Map of Study Area and Newbattle Conservation Area. page 45

Figure VI Historical Maps Depicting Evolution of Lady Victoria Colliery. page 46

Figure VII Images of Museum. page 47

Figure VIII Lady Victoria Colliery: aerial view of the surface arrangements,

highlighting the major components of the colliery. page 49

Figure IX North Elevation of the Main Pithead Building, Including

the headframe of the Lady Victoria Colliery 2000. page 50

Figure X Images of Steam Winding Engine. page 51

Figure XI Images of Boilers. page 52

Figure XII Images of Cages. page 53

Figure XIII Images of Pithead Baths and Gantry. page 54

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Acknowledgements

Thank you to the following for their valuable assistance received:

The staff working at the National Mining Museum‟s Lady Victoria Colliery; Miles Oglethorpe, Head of Policy, Liaison & Modernisation at Historic Scotland; Mark Watson, Senior Inspector of Historic Buildings at Historic Scotland; and Stephen Hughes, Projects Director RCAHMW and Vice-President of ICOMOS-UK.

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1 BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction

This report has been prepared for the AC6 World Heritage module of the Diploma/MSC in Architectural Heritage at the Scottish Centre for Conservation Studies, Edinburgh College of Art, Edinburgh University.

1.2 The Report Brief

The key objectives of the report are:

(i) To identify and analyse the cultural values within a heritage site; and, (ii) To pitch a statement of significance of the chosen heritage site according to

World Heritage criteria.

1.3 Report Subject Area The Heritage site which this report covers includes the following at Newtongrange, Midlothian: i) the assemblage of former coal mining colliery buildings and plant/machinery comprising the Lady Victoria Colliery, which is now the National Mining Museum of Scotland, listed Category A in April 1990 (see Figure I); ii) the Lady Victory Colliery Manager‟s Office, listed Category B in April 1981; (see Figure II) and, iii) the two terraces of cottages at Nos.1-12 (inclusive) Lingerwood Cottages, listed Category C(S) in April 1981 (See Figure III). The buildings and plant/machinery comprising the study area, are group listed Category A (See Appendix B). Lady Victoria Colliery, Lady Victoria Manager‟s office and Nos.1-12 Lingerwood Cottages are situated on the Lothian coalfield, a few miles south of Edinburgh on the A7 and within Midlothian Council (see Figure IV). The buildings are located within the district of Newbattle and are within Newbattle Conservation Area (See Figure V). The surface buildings of the Lady Victoria Colliery are substantial steel framed red and yellow brick buildings with tall rounded arched openings and pitched and gabled roofs clad in sheet metal. The principal components of the Lady Victoria Colliery are listed in Appendix C and shown in Figure VI. Lady Victoria Manager‟s Office; built in 1977, is a two-storey U-plan form former school with rear wings. Its external walls are constructed of coursed tooled sandstone with stugged dressings. Its pitched and gabled roof is clad in slates.

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Numbers 1-12 Lingerwood Cottages comprise 2 single-storey three-bay terraces arranged in an L-plan. They are built in symmetrical mirrored pairs with rubble sandstone walls, some squared dressings and harled rears. They are built around a communal green at the front with gardens to the back. Historic Scotland‟s descriptive list states that they were probably built in connection with the nearby Lingerwood Pit. The study area excludes the several terraces of brick built coal mining workers houses within the village of Newtongrange, located nearby to the north east of the study site. It is not possible within the scope of this report to include them.

2 METHODOLOGY

2.1 Assessment Criteria

For the purposes of assessing the heritage significance of the subject area of this report the steps in assessing heritage significance set out in the New South Wales (NSW) Heritage Manual “Assessing Heritage Significance” 2001 1,will generally be followed. These are:

1. Outline the historical context; 2. Identify the previous and current uses; 3. Its meaning for those who used the item; 4. Assess significance using the assessment criteria; 5. Determine level of significance; 6. Prepare a succinct statement of heritage significance.

These steps in assessing heritage significance are listed in full in Appendix D.

The selection criteria against which cultural values within the study site will be assessed against in order to produce a statement of significance is the 10 criteria laid down by UNESCO World Heritage Centre in their publication “The World Heritage Information Kit”, March 2005 2. The 10 criteria are listed in full in Appendix E.

3 HISTORICAL CONTEXT

Mining in the district of Newbattle was conducted over a period of nearly 800 years. The Bishops of Newbattle Abbey; which is located nearby to the north west of the study area, had mined coal in the area of Newbattle since the Twelve century. In 1560 the lands on which coal was being worked in the Newbattle area passed into the possession of the Lothian Family who continued to develop and expand the operations as a private enterprise for 330 years. In the years of its formation in 1890 the Lothian Coal Board (LCB) acquired the land and amalgamated the Newbattle and Rosewell

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Collieries with the aim of providing a showpiece pit. Until the acquisition of the site of the Lady Victoria Colliery, coal pits were comparatively shallow. However, when the LCB sank the shaft in the same year as they acquired the site, resources existed to create a shaft of much greater depth. Therefore, the shaft was taken to its planned depth of 1740 feet in 1894 and then part filled to a depth of 1650 feet. It was one of the deepest coal mines in Scotland at the turn of the last century. The most rapid expansion of the Scottish coal industry took place during the 6o years before 1914. When production first commenced in 1894, except for the colliery‟s winding-engine house, boiler house and a small assembly of structures around the shaft itself, much of the complex had yet to be developed (see Figure VII). When the Lady Victoria Colliery closed in 1981 it had produced more coal than any other colliery in Scotland.4&5 Lady Victoria Colliery was built by the Lothian Coal Co under the supervision of the mining engineer John Morison and the managing director Archibald Hood. It is a model colliery with brickwork chimney, engine house, power station and pithead built 1890-94. The washer and hopper were added circa 1906-14, the boiler house and power station were extends circa 1924, the picking tables extended in the 1930s, and the gantry to the baths added circa 1954 1 Damage to the winding engine necessitated rebuilding in 1904 with new cylinders.6 Many innovations, mechanical and electrical, were installed and tired out at the lady Victoria Colliery, among them was the successful introduction of steel roof supports.7

4 CURRENT USES

The previous and original use of the assemblage of buildings comprising the study site has been explained above.

The National Mining Museum was established in 1984 to preserve and present Scotland‟s mining heritage. The National Mining Museum, Scotland is the national coal mining museum for Scotland and cares for the Lady Victoria Colliery and the national coal mining collections. It now attracts over 40,000 visitors each year, including visitors from across the world. The museum includes a 3-storey visitor centre with lifelike displays mixing original artefact with the latest technology. The collections at the museum comprise and extensive interpretative items and displays of over 60,000 items (See Figure VIII). The exhibits include the following: (i) an introduction to the characters behind the building of the Lady Victoria; (ii) inform on the life of miners; and, (iii) mining scenes from different periods. In addition, there are guided tours to inspect the winding engine, the pit head and the cages. However, visitors cannot go down the pit which had had to be filled in with stone before it collapsed. The museum café was opened in 1985. Some of the building; including the restored former engine house, are used for conference facilities, events and private functions. At the museum the last miners; working as guides, bring “Interactive

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displays and tours to life with the kind of knowledge you can only get from having been there.”8

When the Mining Museum was opened the engine was run by steam. However, even with no load the engine takes a lot of steam to operate and the running on steam on a daily basis was not practicable. Therefore, a hidden electrical drive was installed to the winding drum, which now turns the engine and it is run every day during the museums opening season.9

The Lady Victoria Manager‟s Office was built as a school for children of the Lingerwood pit miners in 1973 by Lord Lothian; it later became the Lady Victoria Colliery manager‟s office and is presently the office and library for the Scottish Mining Museum. Numbers 1-12 Lingerwood Cottages are private dwellinghouses.

5 MEANING TO THOSE THAT HAVE USED IT

The Lady Victoria Colliery; now the Scottish Mining Museum, is one of the key tourist destinations within Midlothian. It is a 5 star visitor attraction housing the story of coal for Scotland. It won the Association for Scottish Visitor Attractions Best Visitor Experience in 2009. It is one of Midlothian‟s principal visitor attractions and is important to Midlothian as an employer and tourist income generator with spin off benefits to the economy of Midlothian.

The reference library at the National Mining Museum, which is contained within the former Manager‟s Office hold a large archive of books, journals, trade catalogues and periodicals relating to Scottish collieries including those of the Lothian Coal Company, as well as the history of the coal mining industry in Scotland and throughout the world. It is therefore an important historical archive and learning resource.

In 2008, Lady Victoria Colliery won a public vote to find Scotland‟s favourite archive image as represented by an archive image from the RCAHMS national collection. The image of the colliery that won the vote is a survey drawing prepared in 1999 by Heather Stoddard of the RCAHMS (see Figure IX). The strength of feeling from those who voted for the Lady Victoria Colliery as Scotland‟s most treasures place on the Treasured Places website can be seen from the blogs posted on the website by its supporters. This is testimony of how people value it.

A poem commemorating the colliery was also written in 2008 by Valerie Gillies, the Edinburgh Maker (poet) from 2005 until 2008. (see Appendix F). Valerie Gillies is a writer and poet whose work is known internationally and has been translated into different languages as a representative of the best of Scottish poetry.

The Lady Victoria Colliery was used as a set for the mine scenes of the critically acclaimed 1995 British-Canadian dark film drama Margaret‟s Museum, directed

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by Mort Ransen and based on Sheldon Currie's novel “The Glace Bay Miners' Museum”.

6 DETERMINATION OF LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY SITE

In 2004 Steven Hughes, the Head of Survey at the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales and the UK representative of The International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage (TICCIH), which is a specialist advisory committee on the industrial heritage to the world Heritage Committee, produced an international collieries study on behalf of TICCIH and for the World Heritage Secretariat of ICOMOS. The examples of historic collieries within the study are mostly of collieries in the UK, Germany and Belgium. The case studies are listed in Appendix G. According to Miles Oglethorpe; Head of Education and Outreach at Historic Scotland, there are fine examples of historic collieries in France, Austria and Japan, which have been omitted as examples within that collieries study. Moreover, he informs that historic collieries in Germany pioneered many mining innovations.

In 1993 TICCIH organised an International Industrial Landmarks exercise with a request from each member country a list of five industrial sites or landscapes of outstanding industrial value. Of the sites put forward thirty three recommended industrial archaeological sites were presented to the World Heritage Committee in 1994. The international members of the Board of the TICCIH considered British sites were of fundamental importance because of their part in the world‟s first Industrial Revolution. Eleven of the 33 sites were subsequently inscribed as World Heritage Monuments. Nine of these sites were in the UK.10 One of the sites inscribed was Blaenavon industrial landscape in South Wales, which was inscribed in 2000 and justified under World Heritage Criteria (iii) and (iv). Blaenavon landscape includes coal and ore mines and social infrastructure of the associated community. Big Pit Colliery within Blaenavon is the only existing coal colliery in the UK presently inscribed as a World Heritage List. It contains an assemblage of late 19th century and 20th century buildings. A keyword search of the UNESCO World Heritage List website reveals 14 sites with some association with coal, 4 with an association with coal mines and 1 relating to a coal colliery.

The 1994 general list of industrial monuments referred to above is broad in scope and does not give a comparison of like-with-like. To date single-industry studies of each industry has not been published. Neither does there exist a database of the most important 200 or so sites in each industry sector or a list of the international collieries deemed to be worthy of inscription on the World Heritage List. Such examples are chosen by national governments and are approved for inscription by the World Heritage Committee.10 According to Hughes, “All governments and nations tend to think that their own monuments are the best in the world, but it is difficult to achieve a balanced

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objective assessment of the relative merits of various candidates acceptable to all parts of the international community”10 (p.98) It is therefore not possible in this report to make a comprehensive world-wide comparison of cultural significance of the study site because of lack of comparative date.

Nevertheless, the cultural significance of the Lady Victoria Colliery can generally be compared with other historic coal collieries in Scotland owing to the inventory of the Scottish Coal Industry in the second half of the twentieth Century compiled on behalf of the RCAHMS by Miles K Oglethorpe and published in 2006 11. This is essentially a gazetteer of the nature, extent and location of Scotland‟s Collieries. The Inventory reveals that of the 562 deep coal mines that existed in Scotland from 1947-2002; eighty eight of them, including the Lady Victoria Colliery, were opened during the Victoria Era. Oglethorpe states that whilst a few coal mining sites in Scotland have survived with some of their surface buildings intact, most have been lost and all evidence of mining activity destroyed. However, surprisingly the standing structures at Lady Victoria Colliery have survived almost completely intact. In listing the entire surface buildings and plant of the Lady Victoria Colliery in 1990 Historic Scotland recognised that collectively they form “the best preserved pre-First World war model colliery complex in the UK.”1

Notwithstanding that a comprehensive comparison of the Lady Victoria Colliery with other historic collieries within the world cannot be made at this time, what can be identified as being significant about the Lady Victoria Colliery is its scale and its age. It was a `super pit‟, and one of Scotland‟s first. According to Oglethorpe, it is 30-40 years older than the other significant colliery monuments of that exist in the world. Although Big Pit Colliery in Blaenavon contains some 19th century colliery buildings; a large number of its surface buildings are 20th century and its winding engine is only 50 years old. Little has been lost from the site of the Lady Victoria Colliery. The built-for purpose brickwork buildings are intact and most have a new use. The reuse of the solidly built surface buildings has played a fundamental part in their survival. The circular chimney and headgear of the Lady Victoria are still in view. The chimney, once a prominent landmark was for many years reinforced by circumferential steel bands. However, this was insufficient to prevent the top part of the chimney from developing a twist. Eventually the effected potion was taken down.12

The key to the survival of the Lady Victoria Colliery was the Scheduling of the steam winding engine by Historic Scotland.11 The winding engine turned the drum which wound the steel cables which brought the miners safely back to the surface. At this present time Lady Victoria steam engine; which was de-scheduled in December 1998, is the second largest surviving colliery steam winding engine in the UK (see Figure X). With 8 boilers; previously 12, it probably possesses the largest number of Lancaster boilers still surviving in a single range (see Figure XI).12

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It is questionable why Lady Victoria is a colliery given that there is only one shaft and that the term `pit‟ may seem more appropriate. It explains that it was always regarding as a colliery in its own right, because, single shaft or not it became well known for forward looking mining techniques and not least for its formidable manager Mungo McKay.9

An newspaper article written in 1926 claims that for illustrations of collieries where the lead was taken in developing systems in the application of coal face machinery; which importantly influenced the development of coal mining practices in the UK between 1916-1926, no better example is the Newbattle Collieries, including Lady Victoria Colliery.13 The article goes on to claim that advanced mining methods practiced at Newbattle were well know and were identified with the collieries by miming engineers from over the UK, Europe and other countries beyond. As a result, the Lady Victoria Colliery had been the subject of pilgrimages of mining engineers to inspect the workings. Supplied with information as to the methods and their technical results, the visit by scores of mining engineers was the starting point of new policies adopted at their own collieries. From this it could be concluded that Newbattle Collieries played an important part in influences the progression of economic mining.

The Lady Victoria pioneered more than one innovation. Here the use of semi-circular girders to repair damaged props was an important advance from 1911-1919.14 In addition, the colliery was among the first to introduce large capacity double decked cages, capable of carrying 8 hutches or 48 men (see Figure XII). In addition it was among the first pits in Scotland to be extensively electrified with electric plant.15 Historic Scotland informs that mechanical mining were early innovations there.1

The functional use of collieries means that parts of mechanisms or infrastructure have to be maintained, modified or renewed in order to continue their primary function. At its meeting on authenticity in Nara (Japan) in 1994 The World Heritage Committee accepted that this concept of renewal does not result in the rejection of a site as being of world importance.16 Therefore, in the case of Lady Victoria Colliery, notwithstanding the subsequent modifications and renewal of parts of it over time; including its steam winding engine which was built in 1894, this does not significantly diminish the overall significance of it or the study site as a whole. The evolution over the course of time of an industrial monument is part of its heritage.10 In the late 1990s the Lady Victoria Colliery benefited from large heritage grants which allowed the restoration of some of the most important of its surface buildings. However, a large proportion of the surface arrangements have not yet been restored and are presently in a state of moderate disrepair, including the steam winding engine boilers, the picking tables, and the treatment plants and the buildings housing them. Although their present unrestored condition detracts a little from their appearance they are nonetheless substantially intact and their condition does not significantly diminish their significance. Restoring and maintaining them in the future is a significant challenge facing the museum.

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Almost all of the Lady Victoria surface arrangements survived intact; albeit, with some modifications, following the closure as a colliery in 1981. The few demolitions include the 1950s canteen, the medical centre and pit baths. Furthermore, most of the machinery within the power stations has been removed. This reduces the significance of the colliery a little, but not significantly.

Lady Victoria Manager‟s Office and Nos.1-12 Lingerwood Cottages

The Lady Victoria Manager‟s Office and Nos.1-12 Lingerwood Cottages; although relatively modest Victorian buildings, are of special architectural and historic importance and thus are listed in their own right. Owing to the Manager‟s Office being directly associated with the Lady Victoria Colliery it has heightened importance. The group listing Category A of the Manager‟s Office and Nos.1-12 Lingerwood Cottages with the whole of Lady Victoria colliery by Historic Scotland is verification of their wider value as an example of a group of buildings associated with an internationally important industry.

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7 STATEMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

Criteria (i)

The study site comprising the Lady Victoria Colliery and Manager‟s Office is the most intact model colliery complex of its date (1890) in the world. It is a large scale, near complete assemblage of substantially intact, rare and interesting late nineteenth century industrial buildings and associated buildings and machinery which are of outstanding functional architecture and design.

Criteria (ii) The Lady Victoria Colliery has high historical value due to the pioneering of innovations in mining and the application of new technologies including: (i) the pioneering of the use of semi-circular girders to repair damaged props; (ii) it being one of the first collieries to introduce large capacity double decked cages, capable of carrying 8 hutches or 48 men; and, (iii) it was among the first pits in Scotland to be extensively electrified with electric plant. Of particular notable interest is that the Lady Victoria Colliery contains a steam winding engine that possesses probably the largest number of Lancaster boilers still surviving in a single range. The steam winding engine and boilers are therefore of outstanding industrial archaeological importance notwithstanding the presently mild disrepair of the boilers.

Criteria (iii) Lady Victoria Colliery and Manager‟s Office, is an outstanding example of a large scale model Victorian colliery complex representative of the world‟s first Industrial Revolution as it spread from Britain and Belgium to the rest of Europe during the 19th century. The colliery illustrates the spread of technology across the rest of the world. In the 110 years since the Lady Victoria Colliery first began to produce coal, deep coal mining in Scotland had disappeared entirely and the surface remains of all collieries had been demolished or substantially altered such that they lost their appearance as having been collieries. The standing structures at Lady Victoria Colliery; which are near complete, exemplify the components of and the functioning of a large colliery development and how it has evolved through the 20th century.

The study site has high historical value due to the number of written accounts of the buildings and machinery and their historical uses and their associations with the evolutions of deep pit mining in Scotland and the part that this played in the evolution of mining throughout Europe and beyond.

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Criteria (iv) The study site was directly associated with economic developments associated with the Industrial Revolution, as mentioned above. Industrial communities associated with coal mining led to many innovatory ideas in social engineering including better housing and working conditions. However, Nos.1-12 (inclusive) Lingerwood Cottages, which are an example of good quality coal miner‟s homes with gardens have only modest value as examples of worker‟s homes built by a coal company to provide good living conditions for the workforce. Their value is somewhat diminished by the fact that they were probably built in connection with the nearby Lingerwood Pit and not the Lady Victoria Colliery. In the early 1950s a social innovation being fostered was the introduction of pit head baths. The Lady Victoria Colliery was one of the collieries that registered opposition to them being introduced owing to the relatively good housing conditions existing within the village of Newtongrange, where the workers cottages were equipped with baths and other modern conveniences.15 Pit had baths were eventually built at the Lady Victoria Colliery in 1964. However, they were demolished in the 1980s, albeit the gantry is still in existence (see Figure XII). The Lady Victoria Colliery‟s association with such social developments in coal workers conditions and social engineering is of some historical value.

Criteria (vi) The Lady Victoria Colliery is directly associated with literary work owing to a poem being written about in 2008 by the then Edinburgh Maker Valerie Gillies. Its association with this literary work of an internationally renowned poet and author has important national significance and some international significance. The 1991 survey drawing of the Lady Victoria Colliery winning Scotland‟s most treasures place has some significance. The people who have mining in their background in different parts of Scotland, whose fathers or grandfathers were miners, would naturally vote when they saw the hugely symbolic drawing of the pit wheels at the head of the mine symbolized hundreds of years of Scottish coal mining The use of the Lady Victoria Colliery as a set in a film has modest significance.

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8 CONCLUSIONS

The assemblage of industrial buildings and machinery comprising the Lady Victoria Colliery are potentially a candidate for inscription on the World Heritage List, principally because of their significance in terms of their scale and their age. Whilst the International Collieries Study undertaken by TICCIH sets out the evaluation criteria on which collieries should be evaluated for their outstanding international importance or otherwise, there does not exist at this present time an international database of the most important colliery sites or a comprehensive study of the most significant collieries internationally. As such there is a lack of comparative sites. This could continue to be a hindrance to the Lady Victoria Colliery being inscribed onto the World Heritage List. The statement of cultural significant above is based on information available at the time of this study, including claims made within historical press articles etc. of significant innovations being made at Victoria Colliery and the international influence these had. It is has not been possible within the scope of this study to check the authenticity of the claims made in these articles. If in the future the UK government were to promote the Lady Victoria Colliery for inscription as a World Heritage Site it would be necessary to check the authenticity of the claims.

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9. POSTSCRIPT

The information for this report was obtained solely from the sources listed in Appendix A and from those persons acknowledged, all of which have provided invaluable information to assist in devising the statement of significance, which is my own. In the latter stages of writing the study it came to light that a conservation study has previously been carried out for the Lady Victoria Colliery. That study has not been used as a source of information for this report and it has not in any way influenced this report.

Adam Thomson December 2011

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APPENDIX A REFERENCES: 1. Extract from Historic Scotland‟s `Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or

Historic Interest‟.

2. New South Wales Heritage Manual “Assessing Heritage Significance”, NSW Heritage Office, July 2001.

3. UNESCO World Heritage Centre “The World Heritage Information Kit”, March 2005.

4. Letter from Colliery Manager T Hastie on behalf of the Lothian Coal Board to member of the public 3/2/1981.

5. Article titled “The Largest Coal Pit in Scotland” from the Edinburgh Evening Dispatch,

Feb 8th 1895.

6. Institute of Mining Engineering `Remarks of Winding Engines‟, 1894/5 Volume VIII.

7. National Coal Board Scottish Division, `Colliery Welfare‟ undated article.

8. David McLaughlin. `A Legacy of Coal’ Scots Magazine, Nov 2005, p.54.

9. Proposed Article for The Old Glory Magazine, `Scottish Diamonds - Black”, 5 Jan 1998.

10. Steven Hughes, Head of Survey Royal Commission on the Ancient & Historic Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW) `The International Collieries Study’, Published on behalf of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the International Committee For The Conservation Of The Industrial Heritage (TICCIH) (2003).

11. Miles K Oglethorpe „Scottish Collieries: An Inventory of The Scottish Coal Industry In

The Nationalised Era‟, (RCAHMS in Partnership with the Scottish Mining Museum Trust), June 2006.

12. Geoff Hayes, `Engineering in Miniature‟ p.68-70.

13. Manor & Coulson Ltd, `A Pioneer Machine Mining Colliery The Newbattle Collieries of

the Lothian Coal Board Co Ltd’, 1926, p.5.

14. The Colliery Guardian, `The Mining Institute of Scotland’, Sep 18th 1925, p.677.

15. Dennis James, Local, `The Pit And The Picture’ No.16, October 1951.

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16. `Nara Document on Authenticity‟, drafted by the 45 participants at the Nara Conference

on Authenticity in Relation to the World Heritage Convention, held at Nara, Japan, from 1-6 November 1994, at the invitation of the Agency for Cultural Affairs (Government of Japan) and the Nara Prefecture. The Agency organized the Nara Conference in cooperation with UNESCO, ICCROM and ICOMOS.

17. National Mining Museum Scotland website - www.scottishminingmuseum.com.

18. Treasured Places website - http://www.treasuredplaces.org.uk.

19. UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Global Strategy Studies “Industrial Heritage

Analysis” World Heritage List and Tentative List, Malcolm Falser, 15/10/2001.

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APPENDIX B

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APPENDIX C Lady Victoria Colliery: Principal Components

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APPENDIX D The NSW Heritage Assessment Procedure: Step 1: Summarise what you know about the item Essential information includes:

• first-hand knowledge of the item and its fabric;

• physical description of the item and its curtilage (setting);

• its historical context;

• historical themes relevant to the item;

• plans, photos and other documents.

Step 2: Describe the previous and current uses of the item, its associations with individuals or groups and its meaning for those people. This step involves going beyond the usual sources and often entails primary research to obtain information on:

• archaeological potential;

• community values relating to the item;

• oral histories of the people associated with the item;

• documentation and analysis of the fabric of the item.

Step 3: Assess significance using the NSW heritage assessment criteria

Refer to all criteria.

An item must meet at least one criterion. Some items will meet more than one.

Step 4: Check whether you can make a sound analysis of the item’s heritage significance

Loss of the integrity or condition of an item may diminish its significance. Has it been altered so much that it fails to meet the relevant assessment criterion?

Refer to the context as of the item (a movable item removed from its important context may have lost much of its significance).

Note the condition of the item (but be careful not to let its condition determine its significance).

Use the historical themes and the inclusion and exclusion guidelines in the following section of this guideline.

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Step 5: Determine the item’s level of significance

State significance means significance to the people of NSW.

Local significance means significance within the local government area.

Some items of local significance may have values that extend beyond the local government area, or need a wider contextual consideration. Where this is the case these values should be included in the statement of heritage significance.

Step 6: Prepare a succinct statement of heritage significance.

The statement should answer the question: “Why is this item important?”

It should indicate the specific heritage values of the item.

It should summarise, but not simply reiterate, the analysis in Step 3.

If an item is historically significant because it demonstrates a significant activity the statement must describe the activity and why it is important.

if an item is a rare example of a particular architectural style in an area, identify the area to qualify the item‟s rarity. A comparative analysis that considers the set of similar items may be required.

If the item is significant for a particular community or cultural group, identify the group and the reasons for its associations with the item.

The statement should preferably be written in a prose style, clearly relating the attributes of the item to the criteria.

For a large site subject to a development proposal or partial demolition it may be appropriate to present a summary statement supported by a series of subsidiary statements that respond to each of the relevant criteria. For a large complex site or area it may also be appropriate to provide subsidiary statements for individual components of the item as well as the summary statement. In some cases it may be useful to indicate the relative significance of the individual components of the item (see Gradings of Significance).

Step 7: Get feedback

Check that your statement of significance agrees with other views of the item.

Seek comments from the people and institutions that have provided information for your assessment.

Check the views of the owner or manager of the item on the statement of significance.

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Step 8: Write up all your information

If you are preparing a nomination for listing complete a nomination form or inventory sheet for the item (this can be downloaded from www.heritage.nsw.gov.au).

Retain all analysis as an archival record.

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APPENDIX E The 10 criteria (i)-(x) laid down by UNESCO World Heritage Centre in their publication “The World Heritage Information Kit”, March 2005:

(i) represent a masterpiece of human creative genius;

(ii) exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;

(iii) bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared;

(iv) be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;

(v) be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change;

(vi) be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. (The Committee considers that this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria);

(vii) contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance;

(viii) be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features;

(ix) be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals;

(x) contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation.

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APPENDIX F

Poem by Valerie Gillies, the Edinburgh Makar, to celebrate the winning image, commissioned in January 2008 by the RCAHMS:

The Lady Victoria Colliery

The Lady is the last of all her kind. Headframe in the clouds, these pulley-whorls Change with the light, a beacon to remind Who fuelled Scotland, lit us, kept us warm.

The shaft was sunk to reach the deepest seams: The Jewel, clear shining, the Splint, hard glinting, The Parrot crackling with its bright papingo flame, All the extent and take of the colliery workings

For miles underground below the valley of the Esk. Where a face opened, they cut the coal out With pick and shovel. Deep mining mechanised With ear-splitting shearers, self-advancing supports.

The miner was always listening to make sure If he could hear the earth shift, the creak of props Before roof-fall, the squeal of chocks under pressure. Working underground gave him an edge.

Men and hutches shot up and down the shaft In double-decker cages with a balance rope, With brakes, jacketed cylinders, drop valves, Steam-powered by winding-engine, lion rampant.

Steel-framed, arcaded, with sheet-metal roofs, The red-brick buildings are fit for purpose. The endless rope, tub circuit, tipplers moved Into the estuary of railway yards and sidings.

At washers and hoppers, at the jigger screens, The shades that leant across the picking-tables Never stopped the chutes of coal in a torrent, Their teamwork controlling drum and cable.

Keep her headgear. The Lady burns our minds. Without her wheels we could never know How, in the miner's eye, a coal glows. The Lady is the last of all her kind.

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APPENDIX G

List of Case Studies of individually significant structures or monuments on colliery sites within the “The International Collieries Study: Part of the Global Strategy for a Balances World Heritage List”, Steven Hughes, 2004:

Zollverein 2-4 Colliery and Zeche Zollverein Colliery, Germany (1928-1932) - Inscribed as a world heritage site in 2001;

Penallta Colliery, South Wales, United Kingdom (1913); The Huber Anthracite Breaker, near Scranton, Pennsylvania, USA (1939-1976) Worseley Canal Mines, United Kingdom; Chatterley-Whitfiled Colliery, Stoke-On-Trent, United Kingdom (19th century); Le Grand-Hornu, Belgium; (1810-1921) - most of surface elements were demolished; The Scranton Anthracite Mining Landscape, United States (19th century) - colliery not

largely in an intact state; The Sorachi Coal-Mining Landscape, Hokkaido, Japan (20th century); Blaenavon Industrial Landscape; including Big Pit Colliery, Wales, United Kingdom

(1860-1980). The industrial landscape was inscribed as a world heritage site in 2000. - The big pit includes an assemblage of a mixture of Grade II and Grade II* pit head buildings and structures dating from the latter part of the 19th century through to the mid twentieth century. The steam winding engine is 50 years old.

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FIGURE I: Various Photos/Images of Lady Victoria Colliery

Historical photo of Lady Victoria Colliery circa 1895 showing the pithead shortly after the colliery came into production and prior to the addition of other buildings around the pithead, including the Old Power Station.

Historical photo of Lady Victoria from the south looking North showing coal loaded wagons in siding in the foreground.

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Old washer Smithy winding engine new power station

old power station

Lady Victoria Colliery. View from south east showing old waster to the left, the smithy to the centre, the winding engine house to the right of the engine house the old power station to the right and the new power station to the far right. The upper floor of the smithy, the old power station and the new power station have all been converted to house museum exhibits and visitor facilities.

Lady Victoria Colliery looking west, 2011. View of winding engine (middle) and Old Power station (right of centre) and the boilerhouse chimney and gantry (far right).

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Lady Victoria Colliery. View of the south-east end of colliery showing the dross hopper (middle) and the Old washer (right)

Lady Victoria Colliery. View from north west showing headgear and shaft, part of the north side of the pithead complex and to the west the old engine house originally used to house the temporary winding engine during the sinking of the shaft in the early 1890s.

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Lady Victoria Colliery. View from north east showing the old engine house and workshops.

Lady Victoria Colliery. View of the Thickener.

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Lady Victoria Colliery. View of the Fines Treatment Plant, constructed in 1963-64.

Lady Victoria Colliery. View of the dense medium plant, a form of `washer’ or wet coal-preparation plant added to the south of the pithead buildings in 1963-64. They incorporated a washing process separating coal and stone.

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Lady Victoria Colliery. View of `Dredger’ located between the boilerhouse chimney (left) and the headgear (right). Its function was to extract by means of a bucket elevator coal slurry at the bottom of a settling tank containing water from the old Washer, the slurry being used to fuel the boilers in the adjacent boiler house.

Lady Victoria Colliery. View of West elevation of main pithead building showing the substantial arcades of brick arches through which the railway siding would have passed under and which would have carried railway wagons carrying coal.

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Lady Victoria Colliery. View of the old washer building.

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Lady Victoria Colliery. Railway wagons on a railway under the colliery.

Lady Victoria Colliery. Looking down to the top of the pit shaft which was filled in with stone to prevent it collapsing.

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Lady Victoria Colliery. View of the tub circuit and banksman’s cabin, located close to the top of the shaft, from where operations at the pithead were controlled.

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Lady Victoria Colliery. View of the `creeper’, which after gravity had taken the tubs (hutches) to the bottom of the tub circuit, brought them back up to its summit at the pithead.

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Lady Victoria Colliery. View within the Old Washer.

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Lady Victoria Colliery. Looking down onto one of the picking tables. Sodium lighting was installed in the 1950s because it made the coal glisten, in contrast to the dull surface of waste and dirt.

Lady Victoria Colliery. View of within New Power Station. It was in use until the power supply was switched to the National Grid. It is presently in use as a conference suite.

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FIGURE II

Lady Victoria Colliery. The former Manager’s Office of the Lothian Coal Co, separated by the pithead by the A7 trunk road. Presently in use as the offices of the Scottish Mining Museum and the Museum’s library and archive.

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FIGURE III

Photo of Lingerwood Cottages, taken November 2011.

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FIGURE IV Location Plan

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FIGURE V

Map of Study Area and Newbattle Conservation Area

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FIGURE VI

Historical Maps Depicting Evolution of Lady Victoria Colliery.

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FIGURE VII

Scale Models Re-created settings of the lives of miners Scale Models Re-created settings of the lives of miners Interpretation Panels Real objects and artefact within display cabinets

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Scale models of modern coal mining machinery Re-created scene of pit bottom

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FIGURE VIII

Lady Victoria Colliery: aerial view of the surface arrangements, highlighting the major components of the colliery.

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FIGURE IX

Archive Survey Drawing from RCAHMS, prepared by Heather Stoddard of the RCAHMS - Winner of “Scotland’s Favourite Archive Image” as represented by an archive image from the RCAHMS national collection.

North Elevation of the Main Pithead Building, Including the Headframe of the Lady Victoria Colliery 2000. Crown Copyright 2004, All rights reserved RCAHMS.

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FIGURE X Lady Victoria Colliery. View of Steam-powered winding engine, which was built by Grant Ritchie and Company Limited of Kilmarnock.

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FIGURE XI Photos of the Interior of the Boiler House of Lady Victoria Colliery, which at its peak contained 12 Lancashire boilers producing steam to power the steam winding engine, the power stations’ generators, and a variety of other uses in the colliery.

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FIGURE XII

Photo of the double decker cages of the Lady Victoria Colliery stored below the picking tables. The colliery was among the first to introduce large capacity double decked cages, capable of carrying 8 hutches or 48 men.

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Figure XIII

Historic photo of Lady Victoria Colliery Baths, 1955. The Pithead baths, which were located on the opposite side of the main road (the A7). They and the gantry connecting them to the pithead were competed in 1954. The baths were demolished shortly after the closure of the colliery in the mid 1980s but the gantry is still there.

Photos of model contained within the Mining Museum depicting interior of Pithead baths.