SPEAKING 3 FINAL PROJECT

“PESTICIDE”

By:

1. I Made Suasta Jayendra NIM. 1412021114

2. Putu Dika Pratiwi NIM. 14120211

3. Putu Linda Trisna Dewi NIM. 1412021127

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

LANGUAGE AND ART FACULTY

GANESHA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

SINGARAJA

2015/2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover

Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………… i

Abstract ………………………………………………………………………….. 1

Introduction

a. Background of Studies …………………………………………………… 2

b. Purpose of Writing …………………………………………………………3

Discussion

a. The Usage of Pesticide …………………………………………………… 4

b. The Effect of Pesticide to Human Body…………………………………… 5

Conclusions ……………………………………………………………………….. 6

Solutions ………………………………………………………………………….. 7

Questions List ……………………………………………………………………. 8

Resources

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ABSTRACT

People have been living in a modern world since a long time ago. That modern world is named as “Earth” as now days. Time to time, generation and generation has passed. Time changes everything including human’s perspective. Modes of clothes, language, education, health, even food are changed. Education becomes a wonderful factor in influencing the changes itself. It directly leads people onto another world besides their old world. People can learn everything that they don’t know before, just like how does Earth rotates, how does human brain works, and many more. Finally, they understand the usage of science, usage of chemistry lab and usage of chemicals liquids. The day by day, people are smarter and smarter. They start thinking about future; change human’s lifestyle into a simple and materialistic lifestyle. They start to become workaholics, thinking about surviving their life by spending less time doing useless things. The scientists are too busy to think about how do we as humans survive this life by chemicals product that they discovered. One of them is chemical product that may use to preserve human’s organic food from insects. Todays, usage of pesticide grows widely on this earth. Especially in developing countries, like in Indonesia. This chemical product brings us benefits in maintaining the organic food such vegetables from pests that may destroy it. Yet, it also brings us harm to our life, such as health problems. This paper will bring you reality of pesticide usage even it is in developing or developed countries. It also will explain you about how does it bring both harms and goods to human’s life.

Keyword: changes, usage, pesticide, harms, goods.

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INTRODUCTION

A. Background of Studies

Pesticide is a chemical used to kill or control pests. In the history of human

civilization, the pesticide has been used for a long time, especially in the sector of

health and agriculture. In the health sector, the pesticide is an important tool. It is

mainly used in protecting humans from direct interference by certain bodies or

indirectly by a variety of infectious disease vectors. In agriculture, the use of

pesticides has also been perceived benefits to increase production. Today the

pesticide is an indispensable means. It is mainly used to protect plants and crops,

livestock or fish from the losses incurred by various pests. Even the farmers, assume

that the pesticide is a "Savior" which is very vital. Because with the help of

pesticides, farmers believe can avoid losses due to pests attack the plant consisting of

a group of pests, diseases and weeds. That belief, tends to trigger the use of pesticides

from time to time is increasing rapidly.

In Indonesia, the most farmers who use various type pesticides are vegetable

farmers, food crop farmers and fruit farmers. It seems difficult to break away from

dependence on pesticides. Planting vegetables without pesticides are considered

unsafe, and pesticide is often used as a guarantee the success of production. The

increasing of agricultural development in Indonesia cause the need of pesticides

increase in both quantity and kind.

Indeed, we admit, pesticides give many benefits and advantages. For example, it

quickly reduces the population of pest of plants with a longer period of control, it is

easy and practical to use, it is easily produced on a large scale and easily transported

and stored. Another benefit, economically, the use of pesticides is relatively

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favorable. However, that does not mean the use of pesticides does not cause adverse

effects. It is undeniable, more real dangers of pesticides felt by the public, especially

due to the use of pesticides that are not wise. If the use of pesticides without balanced

with the protection and health care, people who are often in contact with pesticides,

gradually it is going to affect his health. Pesticides poison people not only when

pesticides are used, but also when preparing, or after spraying. It also dangerous to

the people who consume food with pesticide. Consumers who eat products containing

pesticides, unknowingly also consume pesticides through a dish of food they

consume each day. If pesticides have too high residue on the plant, it will harm the

consumer.

In this paper, we are going to discuss about the usage of which is easily can be

found farming environment especially in Bali. Our informer, Mr. Brown who came

from Australia has his statement and his comment of pesticide. Mr. Brown’s opinion

is our primary data. We also put some secondary information from the internet that

can help and complete the Mr. Sebastian’s statement.

B. Purposes of Writing/Objectives

The objectives of writing this paper based on the background which is explained

above are:

1. To know the definition of pesticide.

2. To know the usage of pesticide.

3. To know some examples of pesticide.

4. To know the effect of pesticide to human body.

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DISCUSSION

I. Usage of Pesticide.

a. Based on Mr. Brown opinion.

There are different perspectives of usage of pesticide. Pesticide is chemical thing

that used in food in term to preserve them from ants, insects, and many more that

disturb the food itself. It is difficult to see from farmer’s perspective. For example if

the farmer farms one type of plant, then if there is any pests, ants or dangerous insects

come, then they will destroy the whole plants. This is why farmers use pesticide.

Besides, it is the easiest way to control those dangerous insects. In Australia there is

one strong trend to use more organic foods so there are lots of farmers are now trying

to grow organic foods with no pesticide. They are using an organic control of pests.

Especially there we have lots of diversity, and that helps those pests under control.

Meanwhile, they also have lots of organization that keep organic farming under

control. Because they begins with a really small scope of agricultural then developed

into large and modern agriculture, yet, now they have to come back to the old style of

agriculture. In conclusion, Australia does not support the usage of pesticide in their

foods.

In Indonesia, the consciously of people is still less in caring the environment,

especially in controlling the usage of pesticide itself. It makes, the usage of pesticide

in Indonesia may bring more harm than good for people and environment. It is a little

bit different with the Australian people that already apply the great solution to

maintain the foods from pests yet with the traditional ways that make the bad impact

will decrease.

Definitely, despites his opinion about the usage of pesticides, Mr. Brown will

choose food with no pesticide with a little bit bad looking rather than the food with

pesticide yet attracting. Because he is sure that the food with no pesticide will taste

better meanwhile it is also healthier. They usually just are looking to the organic food

and pay more for it.

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Yet, Indonesian people are still attracted by the eye catching things, including

food, without realize that the non-eye catching food is healthier.

b. Secondary data.

According to Warlino Girsang, one of the Staf Pengajar Kopertis Wilayah 1 Dpk.

Fakultas. Pertanian USI P. Siantar, pesticide means a killer for pests that can be

divided into some kinds of pesticide. One of them is a synthetic pesticide. This

pesticide is commonly used by farmers to protect their plants from pests. He said that

not only giving bad impacts to the pests that farmers want to kill, but also giving bad

impacts on health to human body, other animals (that is not including the pests), and

organisms that is actually useful to us. The harms of the usage of pesticide are

divided into 3 major points. Firstly, the negative impact for human body healthiness.

Secondly, the negative impact to the environment, and the last is, the usage of it

makes the pests population is higher.

Yet, in USA, there is an Environmental Protection Agency that works under the

Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) that make sure the usage of pesticide in USA

will bring no harm even for children. It’s because of FQPA has their own standard in

controlling the usage of pesticide in USA. In addition, this organization reevaluates

the each pesticide’s safety in every 15 years.

According to yukiwalter.com, the harms of pesticides in foods lead us to some

chronic diseases. For instance, like cancer and tumor. The harms do not attack

human’s body only but also attack other organisms that actually useful to

environment and food chain, and of course give bad impacts to the ecology (for

example like water pollution).

II. The Effect of Pesticide to Human Body.

a. Based on Mr. Brown’s opinion.

Talking about the effect or impact pesticide to human body, it has been proved

that pesticide can caused diseases to human’s body, such as damage on lung,

stomach, and also impact to pregnancy. But, farmers usually say it is not make

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damage to human body, maybe as a farmers they didn’t want the costumers be afraid

to know the truth of it. Perhaps the farmers itself don’t know the long term effect of

it. Farmers and their families and other persons who use chemical pesticides regularly

are at greatest risk for achieving toxic levels in their bodies. Anyone who uses

pesticides or is present when pesticides are sprayed is at risk for dangerous exposure.

The pesticides can enter the body through skin, eyes, mouth and nose. Even the effect

is small but after long period time it will be dangerous. Other possible health effects

include asthma, allergies, and hypersensitivity, and pesticide exposure is also linked

with cancer, hormone disruption, and problems with reproduction and fetal

development. A lot of customers believe if that is not good, so they reduce to use it.

b. Secondary Data.

Talking about the effect or impact pesticide to human body refers from pesticide

education that our group got from internet. We have harmful effects of some pesticide

families such as fungicides, herbicides, insecticides. First of all, the acute toxicity of

fungicides to humans is generally considered to be low, but fungicides can be

irritating to the skin and eyes. Inhalation of spray mist or dust from these pesticides

may cause throat irritation, sneezing, and coughing. Chronic exposures to lower

concentrations of fungicides can cause adverse health effects. Most cases of human

fungicide poisonings have been from consumption of seed grain. Second, Herbicides

in general, herbicides have a low acute toxicity to humans because the physiology of

plants is so different than that of humans. However, there are exceptions; many can

be dermal irritants since they are often strong acids, amines, esters, and phenols.

Inhalation of spray mist may cause coughing and a burning sensation in the nasal

passages and chest. Prolonged inhalation sometimes causes dizziness. Ingestion will

usually cause vomiting, a burning sensation in the stomach, diarrhea, and muscle

twitching. And the last one is insecticides, The most serious pesticide poisonings

usually result from acute exposure to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides.

Organophosphate insecticides include chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, disulfoton,

malathion, methyl parathion, and ethyl parathion.

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CONCLUSION

Based on the information from Mr. Brown about pesticide on food and also from

the several resources that complete his statement, we conclude that pesticides are

widely used in agricultural sector to kill variety of pests. Pesticides are associated

with well-known acute health problems such as weeds, insects, rodents and fungi

who adversely affect the crop growth and productivity. The agricultural workers who

are involved in pesticide spraying are prone to get the exposure and acquire some

toxic effects of pesticides. Pesticide poisoning is a significant problem in developing

countries because of the traditional, but inadequate, application practices employed.

The farm workers are engaged in the spraying pesticides without any precautionary

measures. They usually do not use any protective devices while mixing, loading and

spraying of pesticides, consequently they get the pesticide exposure. The main routes

of exposure in pesticide sprayers are by inhalation, dizziness, vomiting, headaches,

abdominal pain, and skin and eye problems. All pesticides have the potential to be

harmful to humans, animals, other living organisms, and the environment if used

incorrectly.

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SOLUTION

1. Mr. Brown’s ideas.

Mostly people in Indonesia do gardening. So, people here rarely buy fruit or

vegetable that may contain pesticide. Indonesian farmers have other ways than

using pesticides on plants namely organic pesticides. Organic pesticide is

made from natural ingredients such as plants, animals and microorganisms.

This pesticide is environmentally friendly, safer for human health and also

save on the economic side. Therefore, it is need for further counseling to

farmers about organic pesticides.

2. Organic food.

Organic food is food that is produced naturally. Food is generally sprayed

with pesticide, but organic food using natural methods to overcome the

problem of pests and insects. Because it is free from chemicals, organic foods

must be healthier in the long term. Organic food is also usually fresher and

more delicious when eaten. Food which is naturally grown can also last

longer, so at the same time it is minimizing the use of preservatives. Organic

farming is proven to reduce pollution (air, water and soil), conserve water,

reduce erosion, improve soil fertility, and use less energy. In addition, organic

farming is better for the ecosystem around. Farming without pesticides is also

safer for the farmers who manage the production of food.

3. Wash fruit and vegetable.

According to wikihow, there are several way to wash fruit and vegetable so it

may minimize the pesticide contain in food.

a. Soaking.

Vegetables and fruits are soaked in a sink or in a big bowl. So, vegetables and

fruit will soak in the water. You also can clean the skin of fruits and

vegetables using a small brush.

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b. Under running water

Washing fruits and vegetables will also be maximized if it washed under

running water directly. This is usually done to rinse fruits and vegetables that

have been cleaned when it is soaked.

c. With warm water or boiled water

Wash fruits and vegetables with warm water is also very helpful to clean the

pesticides that may still be attached to the skin. Warm water is also suitable if

the fruits and vegetables you will be directly eaten without cooking process

first.

d. Use water that has been mixed with salt or water mixed vinegar

Salt water also helps remove pesticides. Soak fruits and vegetables in water

with 1-2 teaspoons of salt for 5 minutes. Then rinse to clean the salt. As with

salt, vinegar is also effective to eliminate pesticides in the skin create and

vegetables. Use a half cup of vinegar for every two cups of water. Soak fruits

and vegetables for 5-15 minutes. Then, rinse it.

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QUESTION LIST

1. What is your opinion about the issue “Pesticide in Food”? Because todays, we

all know that everything has to be good, even for food? There is should be

something inside the food to make it longer to be used.

2. If you had choices, what would you choose between food with pesticide, while

the appearance is good or food with no pesticide yet the appearance is not

good?

3. What is your opinion about the effect of pesticide to human body?

4. Rather than using pesticide, is there another way to avoid the pest from plant?

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RESOURCES

http://extension.psu.edu/pests/pesticide-education/applicators/fact-sheets/pesticide-safety/safe-use-of-pesticides-around-the-home on 10th of November 2015 at 5.00 p.m.

http://lifestyle.okezone.com/read/2015/04/04/298/1129023/panduan-mencuci-agar-

buah-sayuran-bebas-pestisida on 10th of November 2015 at 3.00 p.m.

https://usitani.wordpress.com/2009/02/26/dampak-negatif-penggunaan-pestisida/ on 14th

of November 2015 at 2.00 p.m.

https://Yukiwaterfilter.com/in/artikel-144-bahaya-pestisida-pada-buah-dan-sayur.html on

12th of November 2015 at 10 a.m.

www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/food-and-pesticides on 9th of November 2015 at 8.00 a.m.

http://extension.psu.edu/pests/pesticide-education/applicators/fact-sheets/pesticide-safety/potential-health-effects-of-pesticides

http://science.jrank.org/pages/3600/Insecticides-Damages-caused-by-insecticide-use.html

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