ADS3:AIR JOURNALXIANGMEI XU 351338

CONTENT

P.4 - 6 Architecture as a Discourse

P.8 - 11 Computation in Architecture

P.17 - 19 Research Project: Cut: Develop

P.14 - 16 Research Project: Cut: Develop

P.12 - 13 Parametric Design

Water Cube/Polish Pavaillion/Southern Cross Station

Kunsthaus Graz/Boxel Pavillion

ZA11 Pavilion

Matrix Experiment

Case Study: BANQ Restaurant

P.38 - 39 Mid-term Reflection

P.20 - 23 Research Project: Cut: DevelopModel Making: Digital Model and Physical Model

P.24 - 37 Wyndham City ProjectDesign Brief/Site Analysis/Case Study/90 Matrix/Model

PART I - EXPRESSION OF INTEREST

PART II - PROJECT PROPOSAL

P.40 - 43 Development of the Design

P.44 - 51 Final Design Proposal

P.53 Learning Objectives

PART II - PROJECT PROPOSAL

P.53 Learning Progress

P.54 Learning OutcomeP.54 Future Work

ARCHITECTUREAS A DISCOURSE

The Water Cube is the Beijing National Aquatics Center which was built in the Olympic Green for the swimming competition of the 2008 Summer Olympics. Normally, the designers would like to represent the culture or the spirit of the city by the building they design such as this rectangular form of the whole building was designed to symbolize the Chinese culture. For example, the urban form of Beijing is quite like a square so it is one of the reasons to have a geometry form for the Water Cube. The expression of the architectural discourse on this building not only through its form, it also shows by the material of it. The Water Cube comprises a steel frame and the largest ETFE clad structure. ETFE is a fluorine based plastic which was designed to have a great corrosion resistance and strength over a different temperature range. In this case, this type of cladding allow more light and heart to pass through rather than the traditional glass, and this can reduce the energy costs which also makes a connection to the concept of “Olympic Green”. Therefore the building also act as an model to transfer the information of "Green Architecture".

WATER CUBEBeijing, China

PERSONAL PROJECT 1

STATE OF ARTS PROJECT1

POLISHPAVILLIONShanghai, China

This project was choosing from the design competition in 2007 to be the Polish pavilion at the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai. The architect of this project was inspired by the traditional polish folk-art paper cut-out and intends to create a “memorable cultural ideogram”. The project not only express the attractive space aesthetically, it also explores the building functionally. The architects focus on the importance of the personal experience within the building and people. Therefore, the ramp on the exterior allows the visitors to climb onto the roof of the building which creates a function exhibition space for the whole building. The main material used in this project is wood while the outer layer of the elevation is made of impregnated CNC plotter-cut plywood on the steel substructure. The idea of choosing this material is for the possible reclaiming and recycling in the future and also achieves a more sustainable structure. Therefore, the kind of structure can be an excellent example and consideration for the Gateway project.

STATE OF ARTS PROJECT1

STATE OF ARTS PROJECT2

SOUTHERNCROSSSTATIONMelbourne, Australia

The Southern Cross Station is the major rai lway s tat ion in Melbour ne. The spectacular wave-form roof is the main feature for this station and the giant hall is enclosed by the glass facades. The best innovative aspect in this protect is that the roof allow the train fume to pass through any fans. This kind of curving shape roof is very attractive and it might be inspired me to the Gateway project design.

COMPUTATIONINARCHITECTURE

KUNSTHAUSGRAZGraz, AustriaThis project is located on the banks of the Mur. The surrounding historic building is all in red brick roofs while this new building acts like a new symbol and it referred to as the “friendly alien“ locally. It shows that architecture, design, new media, internet art, film and photography are united under one roof. The facade of the museum called BIX which is an additional architectural concept that architect had put on the design. This facade represents a wonderful fusion from architecture and New Media. It is a interplay between this new biomorphic structure and the old Clock Tower on the Schlossbery, it suggested to create a productive dialogue between tradition and the avant-garde. Therefore, the Kunsthaus Graz is acting as a symbol where the past and the future meet and this kind of symbolism can be used in the Gateway project to represent to historical aspect of that area. Kalay has mentioned that “computers will contribute their superb rational and search abilities, and we human will contribute all the creativity and intuition needed to solve design problem.“ Computational design allows the architect to design more complex, fashionable and special form. Like the Kunsthaus Graz, it appears a distinct structure while the neigbouring building is more traditional. Therefore, this design has provokes the new architecture design to be created in the city.

4

BOXELPAVILLIONUniversity of Applied Sciences in Dermold, Germany

Boxel Pavilion is an experimental pavilion that designed and construct by the students of the university in Germany. The pavilion has been built with more than 2,000 beer boxes and it attends to achieve a shape of minimal surface.

This 1:1 scale summer pavilion was to construct by using the digital design and fabrication tools on the computer. The parametric design software allows them to control the position of the boxes and also relates to the overall surface. The project has been designed under the use of Rhino and Grasshopper. There are several static load tests had done on this project to understand the structural behavior of the unusual building material by using the FEM-software. And finally a simple system of slabs and screws was chosen for the assembly of the pavilion that allowed for a flexible and invisible connection. This kind of methods should be done before any project that is going to be built, and it allows the fabrication of the project to be more logical and rational.

Parametric approach allows the designer to complete a complicated structure. And this kind of method also lead more architects to design some “impossible” idea and it can carry out a new development in the future.

PARAMETRICDESIGN

ZA11 PAVILLIONCLUJ, ROMANIA

The pavilion project was designed and fabricated at a 1:1 scale for the ZA11 Speaking Architecture event in Romania. This pavilion was successful to fulfill its main goal: attracting the visitor to the even. Also, it makes legible expression for the parametric architectural design.This project is similar with the box pavilion I have talked on the last week journal. They were likely using the same method to product an object. And in this case, the actual fabrication of it was using the CNC mill to product the plywoods and connect them together.

Parametric design tends to play an important role on recent architectural and it is kind of another tool for the designers. That's because it can construct some avant-garde and complex design. From this week reading, Burry had discussed the scripting culture where scripting is the process that input the information to product an outcome directly. This is kind of method allows the designer to transfer an innovative concept into the reality for example the ZA11 pavilion. However parametric design also has some limitations. Michael Meredith had stated that: “When something supposedly looks “parametric” today, it’s aesthetic (re) production – the repetition of quality and taste. The mastering of hi-tech engineering software is ultimately used to produce ornate architectural decoration.” While the designer finds that using software to transfer their design idea into the reality is quicker and easier, however they might lack of consideration on such function or significance of the proposed building.

PROJECT:CUT

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1 - Overlapping Patterns/Multiple Math Function/ Data Driven Rotation2 - Overlapping Patterns/Using Sets/Data Driven Rotation3 - Overlapping Patterns/Image Sampler/Data Driven Rotation4 - Overlapping Patterns/Math Function/Data Driven Rotation

I began the matrix experiment by connecting different input, association and output and throught this process I found that the Overlapping Patterns and Using Surface Normals group is more attractive to me.The input "Overlapping Paterns" which creates two layer of surface, therefore the combinations is varied by changing the size of circle in different layer. Therefore this method might be able to use in the Gateway project to achieve the change of patterns or lighting on the design.

MATRIXEXPERIMENT

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1 - Using Surface Normals/Image Sampler/Data Driven Rotation2 - Using Surface Normals/Using Sets/Data Driven Rotation3 - Using Surface Normals/Image Sampler/Data Driven Shading4 - Using Surface Normals/Math Function/Data Driven Rotation

This input called "Using Surface Normals" which contains a 3d surface and divide it into a grid of points. Because of this surface, it might be a possible idea to create kind of curving roof for the Gateway Project. Through the experiment, I found that the connection with "Image Sampler" and "Data Driven Shading" is quite interesting as it can create a better night view in the design by changing the density of the circle in each circle.

MATRIXEXPERIMENT

CASE STUDY:BANQ RESTAURANT

As my EOI is Fabrication Techniques, therefore I focus on this aspect in this case study. This project well explores the relationship between the computer generation of surface, manufacturing, and the visual effect. The design was faced with a limited program which was the inherited structural and mechanical systems that could compromise the interior. Therefore the cheapest solution would be to paint over all the ductwork and mechanical work in the ceiling.

The CNC mill is the technology that was used in this project and it is an up and coming trend in design. It is a computer based mill and once the design, dimensions and other relevant data is inputted into the computer, the machine then can cut flawless pieces quickly. However, it has the limitation on the size of the material that goes through the machine and also the certain geometries. Computing design and fabrication techniques is taking off to new level and more possibilities are going to grow.

BANQ RESTAURANTBoston, U.S.A

MODELFABRICATION

First Version:The initial idea for the model is base on the tree form which inspired by the case study of the Shanghai Expo axis. The form of it was making by two circles and lofted in Grasshopper. However, the shape of it is too simple so it needs more development.

second Version: As the first version is looking quite boring because of its simple shape, therefore we intend to add one more circle in the middle to make it higher and it becomes smoother so that it can be more flexible to create the dynamic surface.

Final Version: T h r o u g h t h e 9 0 m a t r i x experiment, we found that the combination of “using surface normals + image sampler + data driven shading” is quite interesting that can be put on the surface of this “tree form”. Each layer o f the mode l contains many circles to create a dynamic shape, and as it using the “image sampler” on the grasshopper so it can put in some significant image to represent the Wyndham City.

PHYSICAL MODEL

WYNDHAM CITYGATEWAY PROJECTGroup EOI- Yuhan Zhang (Yuki) 347664- Xiangmei Xu (Amy) 351338- Tse Fong Yik (Eric) 346136

WYNDHAM CITYGATEWAY PROJECTGroup EOI- Yuhan Zhang (Yuki) 347664- Xiangmei Xu (Amy) 351338- Tse Fong Yik (Eric) 346136

DESIGN BRIEFClient’s aspiration- Iconic feature- Sculpture landscape- Daytime and night time viewing (in term of lighting)- Back dropped by a large scale service centre- From suburb to city- Acoustic issue for both motorists and the residential surrounding area

The audience- Motorists (visit from Melbourne or from Geelong )

How?Sculpture landscape- Creating the curving roof with a form in relation to the surrounding landscape, hence to provide motorists with an experience of driving in the landscape. Rhino and grasshopper can be used during this design process to transfer the landscape image to the actual roof form. It might be useful to test the form through grasshopper components such as image sampler (week 4 tutorial) and the fundamental ‘graft’ and ‘flatten’ operations (week 5).

Daytime and night time viewing- Shaping the direction of the shadow to show the time duration of the daytime- Storing the solar energy for the night time lighting.- Lighting appearance changes by the density of motorcars movement at night.

Back dropped by a large scale service centre- Guide the motorists to the service centre by a gradually- Changed form or colour of the getaway design.From suburb to cityTransition of feeling- Forms (featured landscape or landmarks of each city)- Material (thought the variety or different colour: for example using warm colour on the pattern to stand for the direction of Melbourne which can express relaxing feeling)Acoustic problem- Acoustic barrier at the residential site- Creating some kind of form to reduce the unexpectednoise- Using the material which can block or absorb the noiseFor Example:• Acoustical Foam Panels

• Sonora Fabric Wrapped Panels

Deliver the vision- Creating the digital model by Rhino and Grasshopper- Express the light effect on the design by the software such as Photoshop- Making a scaled physical model by exporting the digital version from the computer to the fabrication machineWhy using computing design?- Testing different form in various condition (e.g testing lighting by 3D software)- Can create complicity with efficiency- Creating more complicated and abstract design- Achieving rational visual outcome

Constrains- Safety issue in relation to the lighting- How to make the design to be well integrated with the surrounding area- Adherence to the regulations imposed by VicRoads in relation to siting, view lines, setbacks,material, colours etc- Budget- Acoustic control to avoid interrupting the drivers

Why using computing design?- Testing different form in various condition (e.g testing lighting by 3D software)- Can create complicity with efficiency- Creating more complicated and abstract design- Achieving rational visual outcomeConstrains- Safety issue in relation to the lighting- How to make the design to be well integrated with the surrounding area- Adherence to the regulations imposed by VicRoads in relation to siting, view lines, setbacks,material, colours etc- Budget- Acoustic control to avoid interrupting the drivers

About the Site:

- l imited electr ic i ty supply - -> solar enerny might be considered.- no water supply on site - the Melbourne Water Western Treatment on the south area as wetland reserve -->should not disturb this area in terms of acoustic and lighting effects. Design concept might be linked

SITE A: the largest part of the 3 available sites, with a small hill surroundedSITE B: in front of the service stationSITE C: a slender small area that might not be used as it is too far away from the main area

Circulation on Site:

- I t is bet ter to locate the Gateway on the busiest part of the site. So site A and B are more appropriate than site C.- In the client’s aspiration, the project should not block the backward service centre. Furthermore, it should aim to lead the motordrivers going into the service centre as well. Thus if Site B is selected as the location of gateway, such aspects should be carefully considwered. However there is no such need for the other two sites as the motorcars driving close to Site A and C will not

Site Analysis

Idea A: Site A - Steel/ Glass pannels around the site boundary : these fence-like pannels will be lined in various heights to create curvature forms. - Solar energy will enable the lighting systems on the pannel to display driving routes(between Melbourne and Geelong) for the drivers especially at night.- As the glazing pannels are used, the gateway will neither block the service station behind nor the surrounded sceeneries.- However, the light reflection might be a serious problem as the glazing system wil l easily Idea B: Site A+ B

- Tree- shape building consists of curvature line frames not only connect the des ign wi th the previous gataway projects(‘Seeds O f C h a n g e ’ a t t h e E a s t e r n Interchange, Princes Freeway, Hoppers Crossing), but also link with the Melbourne Water Western Treatment.

From Shanghai Expo 2011

- Three/Two parts of same tree shapes (but m i g h t b e i n d i f f r e n t s i z e s ) w i l l beconnected together at the top. - The frames of the building will display various colours/ lights to show the car circulation/the surrounding geometric environment dynamicly. - Solar energy will be used.

‘Seed of Change‘

CUT Case Study :

The wall and ceilings were decorated by wave element made from unique pieces of three-quarter-inch birch plywood adhered together in a scenario that likens to a puzzle.The geometry of the wood slats are also radiused in order to smoothen the relationship between other adjoining equipment, creating a seamless landscape.The waving wood ceilings were designed to solve acoustic problems in a restaurant that would be very noisy. Variable gaps between the wood ceilings and the waving shapes of surface will absorb sounds to create a more relax environment for dinning.

This project well explores the relationship between the computer generation of surface, manufacturing, and the visual effect. The design was faced with a limited program which was the inherited structural and mechanical systems that could compromise the interior. Therefore the cheapest solution would be to paint over all the ductwork and mechanical work in the ceiling. The CNC mill is the technology that was used in this project and it is an up and coming trend in design. It is a computer based mill and once the design, dimensions and other relevant data is inputted into the computer, the machine then can cut flawless pieces quickly. However, it has the limitation on the size of the material that goes through the machine and also the certain geometries. Computing design and fabrication techniques is taking off to new level and more possibilities are going to grow.

1. Curvature Form

2. Fabrication Techniques

The restaurant interior offers unique experience for guests. The ceiling of the restaurant is a striated wood-slatted system that conceals the view of the mechanical, plumbing, and lighting systems on the longitudinal axis, while offering a virtual canopy under which to dine. The columns and the wine storage, in the middle of the hall, serve to uphold the fiction, and appear to be suspended from the ceiling. Spacing between the visible ceiling ribs is variable; compressing and releasing to maintain visual densities of the overall surface as seen from different angles. The longitudinal axis emphasizes the seamless surface, and the lateral views offer striated glimpses into the service space above, and demystify the illusion.To underline this strategy, certain areas of the ceiling “drip” and “slump”, acknowledging the location of to place exit signs, lighting features, and other details. Below the ceiling, the functional aspects of a dining space are fabricated with warm woods and relaminated bamboo amplifying the striping affect already at play throughout the space. Striations of the ground, the furnishings, and the ceiling all conspire to create a total effect, embedding the diners into the grain of the restaurant.

3. Spatial Expression

BANQ RESTAURANT

CUT: 90 MATRIX

CUT: 90 MATRIX

DIGITAL MODEL

PHYSICAL MODEL

MODEL ON THE SITE

MID-TERM REFLECTION

REFLECTION

At the start of this semester, I have looked through several projects that I am interested in. As the parametric design is the major thing we need to learn through the semester, therefore I found that the ZA11 pavilion might be a good example to look at and to start the method to do this kind of design. Parametric design is up and coming trend in the architectural design because it allows the architect to test different form in various condition and also to achieve a complex and rational visual outcome. However, I am not good at computering design and I felt quite struggling with using Rhino and grasshopper. Although the quiz and tutorial video for learning grasshopper every week is helpful for us but I found that without the tutorial I can’t do everything on this software. Therefore I intend to understand the definition of the parametrial data within the grasshopper rather than just following the tutorial. And also after the experiment with the matrix, I have felt more familiar with the grasshopper. For the gateway project, our group had come out with the idea from both this matrix experiment and also the case study. For the final project, we might need to do more consideration on the lighting changing and also the stability of the structure on the object.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE DESIGN

After the midterm presentation, we have received very helpful suggestion from the tutors and guest tutors, so we had made some changes to our project from that.

The circles were just covering and overlapping with each other at first. Then each circle in each layer changes to lift out to become kind of hollow cylinder and they has been arranged regularly to make the whole design more dynamic.

In the previous project, there are some colorful part in the middle of the design to make the project more interesting and also the green and blue colour are standing for the earth and sky. However, we found that to make the whole installation transparency will be more aesthetic and also more flexible to apply the lighting inside the building to create effect of night view.On the other hand, the scale of each installation on the site will slightly change to be smaller than the previous one, as it was too big on the site that might affect the vision of driver.

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALOur group attempt to use ETFE(Ethylene tetrf luoroethylene, a f luorine based plastic) as the construction material.It contains:- High cor rosion res is tance and strength over a wide temperature range- L ow f u m e t ox i c i t y a n d h i g h reliability situations- High energy radiation resistance- Wide service temperature range- High transparency- Lightness- Low water absorption- L o w g a s a n d w a t e r v a p o r permeability- Excellent life expectancy- Se l f - c l ean ing, l i t t l e needs fo r maintenance- Low costTherefore it 's a suitable transparent mater ia l to be used in the rea l i ty because of these advantages. It allows the installation to be more stable with a lightweight material and also be able to have lasting life time on the site.

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

The diagram on the left has shown the details of the connection between each circle in each layer. It will have a aluminium panel to connect the single circle and also the circles in each layer to be together.

BUT

CHANGE TO...

Although the ETEF seems like a perfect material because of its several advantages that is suitable to our project, however after our group had done more research for this material, we found that it might be too soft to construct the circular form especially when the circle are connecting by the aluminium panel, it will be easy to fall because of its lightweight. Therefore, this kind of material is out of the consideration for the actual project.

MATERIAL: Carbon Fibre Vinyl SheetThe carbon fibre vinyl sheet will be used as the main material for the actual design on the site. As the proposal project is rising gradually by containing nine circular forms in each layer, therefore when it getting higher the entire object will tend to be heavier. For this situation, the light weight and transparent material have to be used instead of the normal glass. Carbon fibre vinyl sheet is the ideal material where it got extremely light weight. And also, this material is super strong which is five times as strong as steel and two times as stiff, yet weights just about two-thirds less. It contains water resistance which allows it to be lasting in the outside area for a long time. As the installation will be putting on the road side, so is avoidable to be dusty especially on the transparent surface. However, the carbon fibre vinyl sheet is able to be cleansed with water so this kind of problem can be solved easily.

The joint for each circle and each layer will tend to be intersected with each other to get a stable structure.

FINAL DESIGN PROPOSAL

DESIGN CONCEPT

CULTURAL BENEFITS: AN ICONIC REFLECTION OF CITY HISTORY

The City of Wyndham has a significant immigration history as this place was originally occupied by aboriginal people. During that early period, the aboriginal people formed a healthy social network (the bottom circle). However after the huge crush of population immigrated, there was a serious conflict between immigrates and aboriginal residents, which disturbed the harmony and the further growth of society (the middle circle). Several years after the disaster, people gradually realized that the only way for social growth is communication and cooperation. Thus the conflict reduced and new opportunities of social development finally appeared (the top circle).

SOCIAL BENEFITS: A METAPHOR OF COOPERATION BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AND COMMUNITY

Throughout the design brief, this getaway should aim to make connection between residents and the Wyndham City. So several small circles are designed to be intercepted and constructed the large whole building structure. This is actually a metaphor of individuals who cooperated and worked with each other for the sustainable growth of both community and society.

Also since the general shape of this building is quite similar to a tree, motorists who travelled through Princes Hwy would be reminded to another Getaway project of Wyndham City with leaf structure: the ‘Seeds of Change’. Making this new getaway as a continuous serry with the previous ones will develop a strong positive iconic for the City of Wyndham.

ENVIRONMENT BENEFITS: A SCULPTURE LANDSCAPE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR THE CITY FUTURE

For the light effects at night, there are lightings in the middle bottom of each building. The lighting system will use solar energy for the sustainable concerns. Meanwhile, the new getaway is eye-catching and unique by its sculptural transparent appearance. This applies to the ‘sculpture landscape’ in the design brief as well. It inspires a motivation of growing feature as the structure performs upward, which also suggests the rapid growth of Wyndham City in the future.

SITE PLAN

Our group chooses site A and B to locate our design, as the Wyndham City is seeking for an eye catching installation, so it’s better to put it on the busier part of the area and that’s the reason for selecting site A and B.The design proposal will laid on both of the freeway to create a corridor-like experience. And because one of the aspirations from the client is that the project should not block the backward service centre, so those one on site B will be less than on site A to avoid blocking the service centre behind them. Furthermore, the order for these installations will arrange from small size to the large size which gives motor drivers a gradually visual experience when they are approaching the gateway, so they won’t be shocked by a sudden appeared large building.

PHYSICAL MODEL ON THE SITE

DAY VIEW

NIGHT VIEW

PHOTO OF PHYSICAL MODEL

PHOTO OF PHYSICAL MODEL

LEARNING OBJECTIVE& OUTCOME

PERSONAL BACKGROUND & LEARNING OBJECTIVE

Before I study this subject, I had no any understanding of the parametric modeling and also had ‘zero’ experience on using “Rhino” and “Grasshopper”. Therefore, I know that this subject would be a big challenges but also a good learning experience for me with no knowledge on the parametric program.

The learning objective of this subject is numerous and also varied accompany with the knowledge and understanding gain through the semester. At the first, my objective is very simple which is just getting more skills and techniques on using the Rhino and Grasshopper to create a parametric design. However, as the main task for this subject is requiring a parametric solution, so the ability of the mastery for the design parametrically and also the concept of it would be the most important objectives for the entire subject. Through the reading and also the matrix experiment, I have gained more understating on the parametric design and my objectives had tended to focus on the own design towards the skills on the software. And when the Gateway Project was introduced, we finally have a chance to apply our understanding of the parametric design to the real case. So the learning objectives at this stage had become the successful application of the knowledge we learned. Therefore, as I said, the learning objection is varied because when we have deeper understanding on something we were totally new, we would like to have more achievement so the learning objection could be changed.

LEARNING PROGRESS

During the studying in the studio over the whole semester, an understanding of parametric design and also the application of that to the real case had gained for me.

At the start of the semester, the tutorial video and exercise had helped me to acquire the basic skill on using Rhino and Grasshopper. After these basic skills and the experiment of the matrix, I was able to start using this functions which contains more component and possible outcome and also I was more practiced on using this software. The cut definition had provided a good opportunity for me to create a variety of design possibilities under a given condition. Then, the Wyndham City project had introduced to us that allow me to apply the knowledge I learnt so far to the design proposal.

I believed that the project my group designed will strongly indicate the understanding of the knowledge and self research we learnt during this whole semester.

LEARNING OUTCOME

The learning outcome had mostly followed the learning objectives. The first outcome would be the new understanding of the parametric design and also the better ability to control the software to construct this kind of design. On my own understanding, parametric design is kind of setting the geometric model by controlling different parameter to work out a rational form. And it allows the designer to create more complicated, abstract and rational visual outcome. Then, the ability to communicate visually for the design is something I have achieved as well. From the suggestion of the tutor and also the self research, I found that such as simple diagram or a better image will be easier to understand and explain to someone about my project. On the other hand, the achievement of the refinement for both concept and the design had acquired. For example, the initial concept of our project is to make a kind of artificial trees on the freeway, however this ideas is too basic and lacking of significance for the site. We tend to do more research on the history and society for the Wyndham City, and finally our concept is being more reasonable.

FUTURE WORK

Through the studying in the semester, there is some knowledge and skills have learnt which will be very useful in my further study work and also the career in the future.

I found that parametric design outcome is a very elegant solution and also the parametric design has became a up and coming trend within the architectural design, therefore I will definitely continue to develop my skill on this tools. And finally, the ability of communicating to others about my design is something I have learnt through the subject and it also will be a great experience for me when take out of the subject.

REFERENCE Craven Jackie, “What is ETEF?”,viewed 13th April 2012, http://architecture.about.com/od/construction/g/ETFE.htm

Designboom, “Polish Pavilion at Shanghai world expo 2012”,viewed 13th April 2012, http://www.designboom.com/weblog/cat/9/view/10412/polish-pavilion-at-shanghai-world-expo-2010.html

Yehuda E. Kalay, Architecture's New Media : Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2004), pp. 5 - 25

Jeff Megan , “ZA11 Pavilion”, viewed 15th April 2012, http://www.archdaily.com/147948/za11-pavilion-dimitrie-stefanescu-patrick-bedarf-bogdan-hambasan/

Scripting Cultures: Architectural Design and Programming , p.8-11

Archi Daily, “BanQ/Office dA”, viewed 8th May,2012. http://www.archdaily.com/42581/banq-office-da/