Final Implementation Planfor Enhanced In -Situ ...

Nobis Engineering, Inc. | New Hampshire | Massachusetts

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Nobis Engineering, Inc.18 Chenell DriveConcord, NH 03301T (603) 224-4182

Nobis Engineering, Inc.585 Middlesex StreetLowell, MA 01851T (978) 683-0891

EPA Region 1 RAC 2 Contract No. EP-S1-06-03 September 7, 2012 Nobis Project No. 80005 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 1 Attention: Mr. Terry Connelly, Task Order Project Officer 5 Post Office Square, Suite 100, HBO Boston, Massachusetts 02109-3919 Subject: Transmittal of Final Bioremediation Implementation Plan Eastern Surplus Company Site, Meddybemps, Maine Long-Term Response Action Task Order No. 0005-RA-LR-0189 Dear Mr. Connelly: Enclosed please find the Final Implementation Plan for Enhanced In-Situ Bioremediation in the Northern Plume Area describing the methods and procedures to be used for the performance of an enhanced in-situ bioremediation (EISB) pilot study at the Eastern Surplus Company Superfund Site in Meddybemps, Maine. This submittal was identified in the approved Work Plan Amendment No. 7 dated April 24, 2012. The initial draft of this document was submitted on August 16, 2012. This final version of the document has been revised to address Maine Department of Environmental Protection (MEDEP) comments received via email between August 24, 2012 and September 5, 2012. Should you have any questions or comments, please contact me at (603) 724-6235, or [email protected]. Sincerely, NOBIS ENGINEERING, INC. Scott W. Harding, P.E. Associate / Senior Project Manager Enclosure c: File 80005/NH

Via Electronic Submittal

IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR

ENHANCED IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATION IN THE

NORTHERN PLUME AREA

EASTERN SURPLUS COMPANY SUPERFUND SITE MEDDYBEMPS, MAINE

PREPARED FOR:

PREPARED BY:

XDD, LLC 22 Marin Way, Unit #3

Stratham, NH 03885

And

BBIIOORREEMMEEDDIIAATTIIOONN CCOONNSSUULLTTIINNGG IINNCC 39 Clarendon St.

Watertown MA 02472 SEPTEMBER 2012

Implementation Plan for Enhanced In-Situ Bioremediation Eastern Surplus Company Superfund Site September 2012 Meddybemps, Maine Page i

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1 2.0 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................2

2.1 Site Description and History ..........................................................................................2 2.2 Site Geology and Hydrogeology ....................................................................................3

3.0 EISB PILOT TEST Area and Substrate loading..................................................................3 3.1.1 Pilot Test Area .........................................................................................................3 3.1.2 Substrate Selection and Loading ..............................................................................4

4.0 EISB PILOT TEST APPROACH ........................................................................................5 4.1 Baseline Groundwater Sampling ...................................................................................5 4.2 Test Area Groundwater Extraction ................................................................................5 4.3 Neutralization of Test area Groundwater .......................................................................6 4.4 Promote Anaerobic Conditions/ EISB Pilot Application ...............................................6 4.5 EISB Monitoring ............................................................................................................7

4.5.1 Delivery of Substrate and DHC to the Subsurface ..................................................7 4.5.2 Distribution of Substrate, Reducing Conditions, and Degradation Products...........8 4.5.3 Post-Injection Performance Monitoring ..................................................................9

5.0 SCHEDULE AND REPORTING ........................................................................................9 5.1 General Schedule ...........................................................................................................9 5.2 Reporting......................................................................................................................10

Implementation Plan for Enhanced In-Situ Bioremediation Eastern Surplus Company Superfund Site September 2012 Meddybemps, Maine Page ii

FIGURES

Figure 1 Site Map Figures 2A-2D Geologic Cross Sections (Figures 3-1 through 3-4 of 2000 Tetra Tech

report) Figure 3 Pilot Test Well Locations Figure 4 Injection System Process & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)

TABLES

Table 1 EISB Pilot Test Wells Table 2 Groundwater Analytical Methods Summary Table 3 Baseline Groundwater Monitoring for EISB Pilot Test Table 4 Implementation Monitoring for EISB Pilot Test Table 5 Performance Monitoring for EISB Pilot Test

Implementation Plan for Enhanced In-Situ Bioremediation Eastern Surplus Company Superfund Site August 2012 Meddybemps, Maine Page 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This Implementation Plan for Enhanced In-Situ Bioremediation (EISB) has been prepared by the XDD, LLC (XDD) and Bioremediation Consulting, Inc. (BCI) team for the Eastern Surplus Company Superfund Site (Site). This pilot test will be conducted to evaluate EISB for accelerated remediation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) detected in groundwater, in the northern portion of the Site (northern plume) located at 887 Main Street (Route 191), Meddybemps, Maine. See Figure 1 for a Site map and Table 1 for well details. The predominant CVOCs detected at the Site are tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE). EISB technology is applicable for remediation of CVOCs and is capable of treating areas of elevated concentrations cost-effectively. The EISB pilot test to be conducted in the northern plume of the Site will be comprised of the following phases:

Groundwater extraction – groundwater from the target area will be extracted and stored in an above ground storage/batch tank, designed to maintain anaerobic conditions.

pH neutralization – pH levels of the extracted groundwater will be adjusted in the storage/batch tank to provide neutral pH required for effective reductive dechlorination.

Electron donor (sodium lactate) and mineral/organic amendments, sulfate, and BCI Culture containing sulfate-reducing bacteria will be mixed together in the above ground storage/batch tank to promote the process of biological sulfate reduction which will improve anaerobic conditions (lower the ORP) prior to re-injecting into the bedrock formation. BCI Culture also contains Dhc bacteria, which will subsequently (at ORP of -180) be able to dechlorinate the chlorinated ethene contaminants (PCE and TCE). The BCI culture additionally contains bacteria, which will break down donor, producing molecular H2 needed by the Dhc bacteria.

Monitoring of the Tank - Sulfate reduction will be assessed by monitoring sulfate concentration according to EPA methods 6500. Utilization of lactate donor will be monitored by analyzing for organic acids by EPA methods 300 and 6500. ORP will be measured in the field by immediate analysis with a calibrated ORP meter. Initiation of dechlorination will be monitored by gas chromatography according to EPA Method 5021A.


EISB application and bioaugmentation - The mixture of electron donor, mineral/organic amendments, and BCI culture containing dehalococcoides (DHC) in the extracted groundwater will be re-injected into the bedrock formation within the target area. After the amended, extracted groundwater is re-injected, additional donor (emulsified soy oil or similar product) will be added to each well to provide a long-term food source for the DHC. The presence of bacteria capable of the complete dechlorination process and a food source for the DHC will promote long-term bioremediation of the hot spot area.

Assessment – implementation monitoring will be conducted to assess amendment/substrate distribution in the target area. Supplemental injections of DHC and additional electron donor into individual wells (if necessary) will be performed to ensure adequate distribution of the bacteria and amendments and to maintain a prolonged food source for the DHC.

Performance monitoring - post-injection performance monitoring will be conducted (by Nobis) in November 2012 and January 2013.

2.0 BACKGROUND

2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY

The Site covers an approximately four to five acre area located in Meddybemps, Maine and is bounded by the Mill Pond and the Dennys River to the east, by Route 191 to the south, by Meddybemps Lake to the north, and by private property and Stone Road along its western boundary. The Eastern Surplus Company (Eastern Surplus) operated a surplus and salvage facility from 1946 to 1976. During the operations, Eastern Surplus used the Site to store hazardous materials and chemicals that included calcium carbide, compressed gas, electrical transformers, capacitors, and old ammunition. Numerous pieces of old, unused equipment, machinery, and vehicles were also staged at the Site. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the Maine Department of Environmental Protection (MEDEP), and the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) performed several removal actions from 1985 through 1990. With the listing of the Site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1996, a Remedial Investigation (RI) was subsequently completed to delineate the extent of contamination, identify potential contaminant migration pathways, and to assess potential risks to human health and to the environment. The RI and Feasibility Study were conducted during 1996 through 1999, culminating with the Record of Decision (ROD) in 2000.


During the RI, discrete areas of soil contamination were identified that contained volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and metals. Two plumes of CVOCs have been delineated within the Site; the primary contaminant in each plume is PCE. The two plumes are known as the northern and southern plumes. The remedial action objectives for the Site have been achieved in the southern plume; whereas a hotspot that exceeds the closure criteria still remains in the northern plume.

The northern plume is located primarily in the bedrock unit. Groundwater data suggests that the majority of the contamination is within the upper bedrock fractures of the northern plume area. A groundwater extraction and treatment system was installed in 2000 to achieve hydraulic control of the plume. An in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) application using sodium permanganate was conducted in 2001 to treat PCE and other CVOCs at the Site. The northern plume groundwater extraction and treatment system ceased operation in December 2011.

2.2 SITE GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY The surficial materials are glacial deposits that range from stratified beds of gravel, sand, and mixed sands and silt. The overburden soil ranges from 5 to 20 feet in thickness in the northern plume area and 10 to 30 feet in thickness in the southern plume area. The overburden in the northern portion of the Site is only seasonally saturated with the water table fluctuating as much as six feet during the year. Groundwater flows in a south/southeast direction in the northern portion of the Site. The overburden in the southern part of the Site has a saturated thickness of several feet. Bedrock at the Site is Meddybemps granite with a gabbro diorite intrusion. Cross-sections that depict the lithology in the area of the Site are presented in Figures 2A through 2D [Figure 3-1 through Figure 3-4 from the Draft Supplemental Bedrock Investigation report (Tetra Tech NUS, Inc, 2000)].

3.0 EISB PILOT TEST AREA AND SUBSTRATE LOADING

3.1.1 PILOT TEST AREA

The pilot test will be conducted throughout the hotspot area within the northern plume. Based on May 2012 groundwater analytical data, the hotspot PCE concentrations range between 1,100 and 12,000 micrograms per liter (ug/L), and encompasses existing monitoring wells MW-35B, MW-51B, MW-54B, and MW-55B (refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 for locations). The hotspot / pilot test area is approximately 50 feet in diameter, and the target impacted vertical interval extends from approximately 10 to 25 feet below ground surface (bgs). Based on a review of the Draft Source Delineation Investigation – Long-Term Response Action (TetraTech NUS, Inc, August


2006), it is suggested the majority of the CVOCs contamination is present within several primary fractures within the upper bedrock at depths of 10 to 25 feet bgs.

3.1.2 SUBSTRATE SELECTION AND LOADING

Based on the results of bench scale testing performed by BCI, and summarized in the Final Report – Laboratory Anaerobic Microcosm Study (BCI, January 2011), groundwater within the hotspot area will require amendments (electron donor and minerals) and DHC bacteria to achieve effective EISB of the PCE. A mixture of soluble and emulsified oil carbon substrates will be used as electron donor for the EISB pilot test. Substrate selection is primarily based on (1) longevity in the subsurface (i.e., how quickly the substrate is consumed); (2) the type and number of injection points, and the method of injection; and (3) cost. The quantity of substrate (donor) needed to support EISB is calculated based on achieving an initial target substrate concentration, considering the need to fully utilize the native electron acceptors (e.g., oxygen, nitrate, sulfate, iron, manganese, and CVOCs). Conservatively, the substrate mass in the injection area will be designed based on achieving an initial concentration that is approximately one order of magnitude above the concentration range calculated for the complete reduction of electron acceptors, and in line with the concentrations found from the literature to be effective in achieving complete reductive dechlorination. Therefore, the substrate loading for the EISB pilot test location will be based on the following assumptions:

The size of the substrate injection area (Figure 3) is approximately 2,500 square feet.

The target saturated thickness of the Pilot Area is approximately 15 feet, located between 10 to 25 feet bgs.

An assumed bedrock effective porosity of one percent, which is an effective pore volume of approximately 2,500 gallons.

A target substrate concentration in the substrate injection area of approximately 1000 mg/L.

As a contingency, additional DHC and donor may be injected into target area injection wells on an individual basis following the re-injection of the amended, extracted target area groundwater and the addition of the emulsified oil as a long-term food source at each injection well.


4.0 EISB PILOT TEST APPROACH

4.1 BASELINE GROUNDWATER SAMPLING

XDD will collect baseline groundwater samples from wells MW-35B, MW-51B, MW-54B, and MW-55B prior to groundwater extraction to refine the quantities of the amendments to be added to the extracted groundwater. Analytical methods, sample container size, preservation, and holding times for groundwater samples are detailed in Table 2. BCI will analyze the samples for the following analytes (Table 3):

VOCs and dissolved gases by USEPA Method 5021A; Anions: chloride, nitrate, sulfate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate by USEPA Method

6500; Organic acid and lactate by USEPA Method 300; Molecular H2 by Reduction-Gas Analyzer; Ammonia by HACH 8155; Phosphate by HACH 8048; ORP by HACH 8131

Groundwater samples will also be analyzed in the field for the following parameters:

Ferrous iron by HACH Method 8146 (field analysis) ORP by YSI Multi-parameter meter pH by YSI Multi-parameter meter

4.2 TEST AREA GROUNDWATER EXTRACTION

Upon completion of baseline sampling, groundwater from the target area wells (MW-35B, MW-51B, MW-54B, MW-55B) will be extracted simultaneously and stored in an above ground tank capable of holding up to 2,500 gallons (Figure 4). The target extraction rate for each well is at least 0.25 to 0.5 gallons per minute (gpm). Based on historical geological analysis and groundwater analytical data, it is suggested that the majority of PCE contamination exists in fractures approximately 10 to 25 feet bgs, in the shallow portion of the bedrock aquifer. Using packers and submersible pumps, the target interval will be isolated to extract groundwater from those shallow fractures. The total volume of groundwater to be extracted and treated is approximately 2,500 gallons. However, that quantity may vary based on conditions encountered in the field.


4.3 NEUTRALIZATION OF TEST AREA GROUNDWATER

The measured pH of groundwater in the four existing wells within the pilot test area ranges between 6 and 12 pH units. However, recent groundwater data indicates the pH of the higher pH test area wells has been reducing over time towards neutral conditions. Neutral pH conditions, between 6.6 and 7.8 pH units are ideal for promoting EISB of CVOCs. Therefore, Hydrochloric acid (HCl) or Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) will be applied in the tank of extracted groundwater, as needed, to adjust the pH in the tank to neutral conditions. HCl and NaOH will be delivered to the site in 55-gallon drums. The total volumes of acid and buffer to be used during pH adjustment will depend on field conditions. Once the pH reaches 7 to 8 units, monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4) and dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) will be added as a buffer to maintain pH levels in the groundwater. A YSI multi-parameter meter or similar field monitoring equipment will be used to monitor that neutral pH conditions are achieved and maintained. Additional buffer, acid or alkali, will be added to maintain pH in groundwater, as needed.

4.4 PROMOTE ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS/ EISB PILOT APPLICATION

In order to lower the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of the extracted groundwater, organic soluble substrate (lactate) and mineral amendments, including pH buffer, will be added to the tank to support biological growth and promote anaerobic conditions prior to injection. Three kegs (approximately 54 liters) of mixed bacteria culture including the specialty CVOC-degrading DHC, will be supplied by BCI. Each keg will contain a bacteria density of approximately 1x1011 bacteria per liter. The first keg of bacteria (grown to induce a higher sulfate-degrading population) will be the “sacrificial” batch, and will be added to the tank to ensure appropriate redox conditions are achieved. The extracted groundwater in the batch tank will be monitored to ensure anaerobic conditions have been achieved prior to re-injection (monitoring parameters are discussed the following Section 4.5). During the injection portion of the EISB application, the second keg of bacteria will be mixed in-line as the contents of the batch tank are distributed simultaneously to the four target area wells. The anticipated injection rates will match the extraction rates observed from each well but are subject to change based on conditions encountered in the field. Once the groundwater has been re-injected, emulsified soy oil (or similar product) will be added to each well to provide a long-term food source for the DHC. The third keg of bacteria will be used for supplemental treatment of underperforming target area wells and will be directly injected with additional electron donor (if needed) into any underperforming wells.


4.5 EISB MONITORING

Implementation monitoring will be performed concurrently and following injection of the substrate and bacteria culture into the test area wells via low flow method using a peristaltic pump. The tank of amended groundwater will be sampled at the beginning and end of each week during injection (Table 4). One set of groundwater samples will be collected from one target area well at the beginning of each week. The target area well to be sampled each week will be chosen at the discretion of XDD field personnel based on results of lab analysis and feedback from BCI. Both tank and groundwater samples will be sent to BCI for analysis (VOC, Biochemical) to ensure ideal conditions are being maintained in the tank and subsurface. The monitoring objective will include evaluation of the distribution of substrate and DHC, changes in groundwater geochemistry, and potential short-term reductions in CVOC concentrations (including the transient presence of vinyl chloride, before it is dechlorinated to ethane). The following parameters will be monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation phase of the EISB pilot test. Table 2 provides the analytical methods for parameters to be measured during the pilot testing.

a. VOCs and dissolved gasses – PCE and daughter products (trichloroethene, dichloroethenes, vinyl chloride, ethene);

b. Field parameters – dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation reduction potential (ORP), specific conductance (SpCond), pH and temperature;

c. Organic acids – donor (lactate) utilization and soy oil utilization products (organic acids, acetate, propionate, butyrate);

d. Inorganic anions (chloride, sulfate, nitrate) – chloride will be measured as a baseline and process parameter (from ammonium chloride amendment); microbial sulfate reduction will lower the ORP to values needed by the dechlorinating bacteria; sulfate and nitrate are electron acceptors that need to be reduced in order to create optimal conditions for EISB;

e. Phosphate – to monitor level of phosphorus needed for bacterial growth; f. Dissolved organic carbon – only after oil addition g. DHC population – confirm density of dechlorinating bacteria in culture.

4.5.1 DELIVERY OF SUBSTRATE AND DHC TO THE SUBSURFACE

Monitoring to evaluate operation of the injection system will include the following:

Injection flow rates of substrate and DHC into the bedrock aquifer will be determined by field conditions. Monitoring wells in and around the target area will be used to measure substrate and DHC distribution.


Pressure will be measured and recorded at each flow meter on the injection system in order to confirm the pump(s) are operating within specifications, and to determine if any changes in the performance of the injection wells were observed during the substrate and DHC injection process.

The kegs of bacteria will be weighed on scales to monitor injection quantities as it is being mixed in-line with the amended groundwater during re-injection.

4.5.2 DISTRIBUTION OF SUBSTRATE, REDUCING CONDITIONS, AND DEGRADATION PRODUCTS

Substrate distribution will be determined by either analysis of volatile fatty acids or DOC directly. Both the substrate and DHC are expected to be detected in the EISB injection area. Reducing conditions and organic carbon concentrations above baseline in target area monitoring wells will indicate that substrate is being effectively distributed downgradient of the injection area by the natural flow of groundwater. The following parameters will be monitored (Table 4) to evaluate the effectiveness of substrate distribution and the creation of reducing conditions:

Field parameters (DO, ORP, pH, Specific Conductivity, and Temperature) will be measured in the available pilot test wells during EISB injection, and in surrounding monitoring wells (to be determined in the field).

Concentrations of DOC will be analyzed and provide a direct indication of substrate distribution.

Conditions favorable for EISB will be determined based on the following criteria: o DOC concentrations greater than 20 milligrams per liter (mg/L); o DO concentration less than 0.5 mg/L; and o ORP less than -180 millivolts (mV).

Once favorable conditions for EISB are observed within the target area, the following additional parameters will be monitored (Table 4) to evaluate the occurrence of anaerobic dehalogenation of CVOC:

Concentrations of electron acceptors (sulfate, sulfide, nitrate, and nitrite), dissolved gases (hydrogen, methane, ethane, and ethene), volatile fatty acids, and ferrous iron provide an indication of terminal electron accepting processes in the EISB pilot test area. Favorable conditions will be indicated by the following:

o Decrease in sulfate concentration from baseline conditions to <20 mg/L; o Dissolved methane concentrations greater than 0.5 mg/L; and o Ethene concentration increase above baseline conditions.


DHC populations in groundwater will be measured to determine the distribution within the substrate injection area.

CVOC concentrations in groundwater will be analyzed to compare with baseline conditions. Increases in concentrations of intermediates such as TCE, cDCE, and VC, along with reductions in PCE concentrations in the bedrock aquifer, will demonstrate the occurrence of the EISB process.

4.5.3 POST-INJECTION PERFORMANCE MONITORING

Post-injection performance monitoring will be conducted by Nobis in November 2012 and January 2013 (Table 5). During each monitoring round, groundwater samples will be collected from up to 15 monitoring wells for analysis of VOCs and metals to evaluate the impact of the EISB pilot study on VOC concentrations in groundwater and to verify that no increase in the concentration of metals occurs as a result of pilot test activities. Implementation monitoring data and performance monitoring data will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of EISB and will be summarized by XDD in a technical memorandum.

5.0 SCHEDULE AND REPORTING

This section provides a general schedule for EISB pilot testing and the associated reporting and

analysis of the pilot test data with respect to the applicability and approach of using enhancement technologies to accelerate remediation at the Site.

5.1 GENERAL SCHEDULE

Baseline sampling (by XDD) – August 2012

Finalize the Implementation Plan for Enhanced In-Situ Bioremediation – August 2012

EISB Pilot Testing – August 2012 through October 2012 (3 months) o Groundwater extraction and pH adjustment – August/September 2012 (1-2

weeks) o Anaerobic conditioning of extracted groundwater – September 2012 o Re-injection of treated anaerobic groundwater and DHC and Implementation

Monitoring – September/October 2012 o Post-injection Monitoring (by Nobis) – November 2012 through January 2013

EISB Technical Memorandum – February 2013


5.2 REPORTING

XDD will analyze the field data collected during the field application and the post-injection monitoring events (to be conducted by Nobis in November 2012 and January 2013) to determine the effectiveness of the EISB process on destruction of the CVOCs. A technical memorandum will be prepared after the final results of the post injection monitoring events are available. The memorandum will provide a summary of the EISB application and the level of effectiveness in treating the target area contaminants.


TABLES

Table 1EISB Pilot Test Wells

Eastern Surplus Company Superfund SiteMeddybemps, ME

WellTarget Screen or Open Bore Hole

Interval (ft bgs)Diameter

MW-35B 20-50 (s) 4 inch PVC

MW-51B 20-50 (s) 4 inch steel

MW-54B 13-46 (o) 6 inch steel*

MW-55B 16-47 (o) 6 inch steel*

Acronyms/Abbreviations/Symbols:

ft bgs - feet below ground surfaceEISB - Enhanced in situ bioremediations - screeno - open borehole* open borehole is 4 inch diameter

9/7/2012

Table 2 Groundwater Analytical Methods Summary


TAL Metals ILM05.3 1 x 1L poly HNO3 to pH <2 4°C +/- 2°C

180 daysexcept Hg = 28 days

Anions: Cl, NO3, SO4, Acetate, Propionate, Butyrate

USEPA 6500 1 x 40 mL clear glass vial HCl to pH <2 2 days

Organic acid, Lactate USEPA 300 1 x 40 mL clear glass vials 4°C +/- 2°C 14 days

Molecular H2Reduction-Gas

Analyzer1 x 160 mL serum

bottle NA 2 days

Ammonia HACH 8155 1 x 40 mL clear glass vials NA 7 days

Phosphate HACH 8048 1 x 40 mL clear glass vials NA 7 days

ORP HACH 8131 1 x 500 mL PE NA 7 days

Dissolved Organic Carbon

DHC PCR 1 x 1-L PE NA 7 days


USEPA - United States Environmental Protection AgencyTAL - Target Analyte ListmL - milliliterHCl - hydrochloric acid°C - degrees CelsiusPE - polyethylene bottleCl - chlorideNO3 - nitrateSO4 - sulfateHg - MercuryHNO3 - Nitric AcidHACH - Hach Company field test methodNA - not applicableDHC - Dehalococcoides sp.PCR - polymerase chain reactionL- liter

Notes:

Additional labs (Eastern Analytical and Microbial Insights) will be performing some analyses.Dissolved Organic Carbon analysis will be performed by Eastern AnalyticalDHC analysis will be performed by Microbial InsightsMetals analysis will be performoned by the EPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP).

Volatile Organic Compounds and Dissolved Gases USEPA 5021A 2 x 40-mL clear

glass vialsHCl to pH <2 4°C +/- 2°C 14 days

Parameter

To be performed after soy oil (or similar) has been added to target area

Bio

chem

ical Param

eters

Analytical Method Container Type

and QuantityPreservation Holding Time

9/7/2012

Table 3 Baseline Groundwater Monitoring for EISB Pilot Test


Sample Location Purpose Analytical Parameters(1)

MW-35BMW-51BMW-54BMW-55B

MW52B

MW20B

IN-1B1

IN-1B2

IN-2B1

IN-3B

IN-6B

IN-7B

MW-34B1R

MW-35B1R

MW-36B1

Acronyms/Abbreviations/Symbols

EISB - enhanced in situ bioremediationVOC - volatile organic compounds

Notes:

(1) Analytical methods are listed in Table 2.

Monitor within EISB Monitoring Area

(2) Metals include 22 Target Analyte List metals and mercury.(3) Biochemical parameters consist of dissolved gasses (hydrogen, methane, ethane, ethene), organic acids, lactate, anions, ammonia, phosphate, ORP, and ferrous iron (field analysis).

Monitor Implementation/Performance Monitoring Wells

Monitor Post-Injection Wells

VOC, Metals(2), Biochemical(3)



9/7/2012

Table 4Implementation Monitoring for EISB Pilot Test


Sample Location Purpose DailyImplementation Monitoring at

beginning of each week prior to injection start-up

Implementation Monitoring at end of each week prior to injection start-up

Implementation Monitoring following completion of amended groundwater injection and follow-up

substrate injections(2)

Batch Tank Monitor tank conditions NM VOC, Biochemical(3) VOC, Biochemical NM

MW-35B

MW-51B

MW-54B

MW-55B

MW-52B*

MW-20S*

MW-20B*

IN-1B1*

IN-1B2*


EISB - enhanced in situ bioremediation

DOC - dissolved organic carbonVOC -volatile organic compoundsDHC - Dehalococcoides sp

NM

F

Monitor substrate injection area

Monitor perimeter wells and surrounding area of target

locations

NM

NM

F - Measure field parameters of pH, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, specific conductivity and temperature with a multi-parameter sonde in a flow through cell at each well.

VOC, Biochemical

NM

VOC, Biochemical

F

pNM - not monitored

Notes and Assumptions:(1) Analytical methods are listed in Table 2.

(3) Biochemical parameters consist of dissolved gasses (hydrogen, methane, ethane, ethene), organic acids, lactate, anions, ammonia, phosphate, ORP, and ferrous iron (field analysis).*Exact wells are subject to change based on conditions encountered in the field.

(2) Follow-up substrate injections will be initiated based upon measured depletion of substrate in the substrate injection wells.

9/7/2012

Table 5Post-Injection Monitoring for EISB Pilot Test


Sample Location Schedule Analytical ParametersMW35B

MW-51BMW54BMW55BMW52B MW20BIN-1B1IN-1B2IN-2B1IN-3BIN-6BIN-7B

MW-23BMW-34B1RMW-35B1RMW-36B1MW-56BMW-57B

Notes:Nobis will perform post-injection monitoringCLP - EPA Contract Laboratory ProgramVOCs - Volatile Organic CompoundsTAL - Target Analyte List

November 2012 and January 2013CLP VOCs, 22 TAL Metals and Mercury

9/7/2012


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FIGURE 2D

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