Final Fyp Print

FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM

1 IVNEET SINGH –TP023861

FINAL YEAR PROJECT


(FWAS)

BY

IVNEET SINGH

TP023861

UC2F0907CMT BSc (Hons) in IT: System Security

University of Innovation and Technology

A project submitted in partial fulfillment of award of the

Bachelor of Science (Honors) in

Information Technology: System Security

SUPERVISED BY:

Mrs. INDAH NADIALENNY BINTI MOHD ISMAIL



Acknowledgement

I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation to the many people who have helped me in

the completion of this challenging project. Such a project could have been an herculean task

to complete however with the visionary approach of my supervisor Mrs. Indah Nadialenny

Mohd Ismail who was dextrous in guiding me in the right direction proved to be fruitful not

only in completing this project but also in my own personal and intellectual development

too.

I would also like to convey my deepest gratitude to Biometric Ideal Test Organisation in

providing me with their fingerprint database for my research and to Mr. Anil K.Jain for

providing his Phd. as a free open source online research that inheritably helped my research

to attain the epitome of success.



Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 7

1.1 Topic of the System: ................................................................................................... 7

1.2 Purpose for developing a system: ............................................................................... 7

1.3 Problem Content and Rationale: ................................................................................. 8

1.4 Rationale for carrying out the project ......................................................................... 9

1.5 Objective of the System: ............................................................................................. 9

1.6 Scope of the System: ................................................................................................... 9

1.7 Nature of Challenge: ................................................................................................. 10

2 Project management ......................................................................................................... 11

2.0 Project plan ................................................................................................................ 11

2.1 Evaluating and experimenting biometric system ...................................................... 11

2.2 Experimenting with different API ............................................................................. 11

2.3 Testing the Prototype ................................................................................................ 11

2.4 Resources .................................................................................................................. 12

2.5 Development Plan ..................................................................................................... 13

3 Domain research .............................................................................................................. 15

3.0 Introduction to Biometrics ........................................................................................ 15

3.1 Comparison between identification techniques......................................................... 16

3.2 Comparison between each biometric technology...................................................... 17

3.3 Fingerprint technology .............................................................................................. 18

3.4 Review on similar systems ........................................................................................ 20

3.4.1 Biometric Time Attendance Management Fingerprint System .............................. 21



3.4.2 Reason for developing such system......................................................................... 21

3.4.3 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 22

3.5 Bio-web system ......................................................................................................... 22

3.5.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 22

3.5.2 This system can be used following areas: ............................................................... 23

3.6 Fingerprint matching ................................................................................................. 24

3.6.1 Steps involved in fingerprint matching ................................................................... 24

3.6.2 Minutiae matching: ................................................................................................. 26

3.6.3 Pattern Matching ..................................................................................................... 27

3.6.4 Difference between minutia based and pattern based ............................................. 29

4 Primary Research ............................................................................................................. 30

4.0 Introduction: .............................................................................................................. 30

4.1 Fact Finding Techniques ........................................................................................... 30

4.1.1 Interview ................................................................................................................. 31

4.1.2 Who to Interview .................................................................................................... 32

4.1.3 How the Interview been done ................................................................................. 33

4.2 Survey........................................................................................................................ 33

4.2.2 Survey Techniques .................................................................................................. 33

5 Secondary research .......................................................................................................... 34

5.0 Methodology ............................................................................................................. 34

5.1 Waterfall Model ........................................................................................................ 34

5.2 Incremental Model .................................................................................................... 36

5.3 Boehm Spiral Model ................................................................................................. 37

5.4 Prototyping ................................................................................................................ 39

5.5 Clean room ................................................................................................................ 41

5.6 Object-Oriented ......................................................................................................... 42

5.7 Justification for chosen methodology ....................................................................... 43

6 Languages ........................................................................................................................ 44



6.0 ASP.Net ..................................................................................................................... 44

6.1 Java ............................................................................................................................ 44

6.2 PHP............................................................................................................................ 45

6.3 Justification for choosing the programming language .............................................. 46

7 Survey .............................................................................................................................. 47

7.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 47

7.0.1 Objective ................................................................................................................. 47

7.0.2 Survey Design ......................................................................................................... 47

Fingerprint Web Authentication System ............................................................................. 47

7.0.3 Survey Analysis ...................................................................................................... 51

7.1 Interview.................................................................................................................... 61

7.1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 61

7.1.2 Objective ................................................................................................................. 61

7.1.3 Interview Analysis .................................................................................................. 62

8 Design .............................................................................................................................. 67

8.0 Design Principles....................................................................................................... 67

8.1.1 Context Level Diagram ........................................................................................... 69

8.1.2 0 Level Diagrams .................................................................................................... 69

8.1.3 1 level Diagram ....................................................................................................... 70

8.1.4 2 Level Diagram ..................................................................................................... 71

8.2 Inner System Functionality ...................................................................................... 72

8.2.1 Context level Diagram ............................................................................................ 72

8.2.2 Initial class diagram ................................................................................................ 72

8.2.3 Final class diagram ................................................................................................. 72

8.2.4 Administrator ELH ................................................................................................. 73

8.2.5 User ELH ................................................................................................................ 74

9 Implementation ................................................................................................................ 75

10 Testing.............................................................................................................................. 84

10.0 Unit testing: ........................................................................................................... 84



10.0.1 Test case: Username ............................................................................................... 84

10.0.2 Test case: Loading image ........................................................................................ 85

10.1 Unit testing: ........................................................................................................... 86

10.1.1 Test case: Username and fingerprint image ............................................................ 86

10.1.2 Test case: Adding new staff to database (For Administrator) ................................ 87

10.1.3 Test case: Search staff in database .......................................................................... 88

10.1.4 Test case: Delete staff from database ...................................................................... 89

10.1.5 Test case: Troubleshooting login (Secondary login) .............................................. 89

10.1.6 Test case: Fingerprint matching .............................................................................. 90

10.2 Integration testing .................................................................................................. 91

10.2.1 Requirements Testing: ............................................................................................ 92

10.3 System testing ........................................................................................................ 93

10.3.1 Stress Testing .......................................................................................................... 93

11 Critical Evaluation ........................................................................................................... 94

11.0 Degree of success .................................................................................................. 94

11.0.1 Limitations of the system ........................................................................................ 94

11.0.2 Future enhancement ................................................................................................ 95

11.0.3 Main computational challenge ................................................................................ 95

12 References ........................................................................................................................ 96

13 Appendix A ...................................................................................................................... 98

Coding ...................................................................................................................................... 98

14 Appendix B .................................................................................................................... 100

14.0 Gantt chart ........................................................................................................... 100

15 Appendix C .................................................................................................................... 101

15.0 Survey Design...................................................................................................... 101

15.1 Online Survey Analysis ....................................................................................... 104

15.2 Interview .............................................................................................................. 107

16 Appendix D .................................................................................................................... 108

16.0 Project Specification Form .................................................................................. 108



16.1 Log Sheets ........................................................................................................... 114

16.2 Ethics Form.......................................................................................................... 119

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Topic of the System:

Fingerprint web authentication system (FWAS) is basically focused on fingerprint access

control which will be used for university websites login. This system will help in solving the

problems faced by most of universities like unauthorized access by the students using university

staff member’s accounts. Universities use intranet and extranet also to provide services to

students like online library, student webmail and attendance. These websites are also used by

the university staff members like lecturers, academics and examination departments. For the

staff member’s special permissions and services are allocated as compare to students like

updating assignments, results and examination papers. This project involves the development of

the system which will scan the fingerprints of the users and will authenticate them. The users

need to be involved for their fingerprint scanning; they need to scan their fingerprints using the

fingerprint scanner. This system might help university to resolve their security issue regarding

website login and unauthorized access. This project will be designed and might be implemented

to university website. The rules and regulations for the university will be taken care before

implementation of this system

1.2 Purpose for developing a system:

The main purpose of fingerprint web authentication system is to implement secure login

technique which will minimize the security risk from the current system. In the current system if

the student gets access to the username and password for the examination department then it can

easily get access to all confidential data.

Target User : The target users for this system are university full time and part time lecturers and

other staff members of the university like examination department, academics and administration

department



1.3 Problem Content and Rationale: These days most of the universities are facing some problems related to internet or web security.

Most general security issue is when there is common websites for both students and staff logins

universities face problem regarding unauthorized access by the students. Now days some

university decided to even upload exam papers on university websites which are only limited to

some staff members like senior lecturer or examination department like APIIT intranet system.

One of the problem as presented by (Albinson, 2004) is that Internet accounts get compromised.

Now days many internet accounts have been compromised due to hacking, people use common

and similar passwords for all accounts. Hackers trap the users by using some techniques like

phishing and key loggers. Key loggers can track the internet activities including the username

and password. So by using biometric technology such as fingerprint scanning the hackers /

intruders cannot get access to the fingerprint image because the image is converted into binary

codes and which cannot be deciphered.

Username and passwords may not fall into the wrong hands due to hackers: users may use their

phone numbers, passports number or family name as their password which can be easily picked

up. The unauthorized users need not be a hacker in order to get access. The fingerprint is the

only tool that can authenticate user.

The problem listed in (Cybercriminals Target Online Banking Customers, 2010) Frauds

happening all around the internet due to phishing: Banking and credit card frauds are more

famous among the fraud list. All this came into picture after the internet banking and online

credit card usage was implemented for the internet users. On the internet many phishing page

are uploaded to get the data for the banking customers. So by using biometric technology such

as fingerprint scanning it is not easy to design phishing page to capture the image of the

fingerprint as compared to username, passwords or credit card numbers.



Sometimes internet users forget their account user-name and passwords, as they manage many

accounts for different purposes like social networking, email accounts, banking account,

university accounts or company accounts. Implementing the fingerprint scanning would enable

such users to access their various accounts with minimal hassle.

1.4 Rationale for carrying out the project The reason for developing this system is to secure university websites from unauthorized

access. This system will be able to minimize security risks to university current system and help

staff members for fast and easy access to their accounts. This system will deliver a better and

secure way to login into the university websites. This system can also help in preventing the

problems relating to internet security like accounts get compromised or sometimes user forget

their passwords. By implementing this type of system the universities can upload and share

confidential data within the network.

1.5 Objective of the System: The basic requirement is to develop a system that can security risks and authenticate the

genuine users through a fingerprint web-authentication system (FWAS) using biometric

technology. This system will be mainly for university websites. Before developing this system

researcher need to understand the problem area of the current system and should able to face the

challenges to make the system work fully functional. This system will not only prevent

unauthorized access but also helps in solving various problems regarding internet security.

As developer will minimize the scope of the project to university website login but can also use

this systems in online banking, shopping websites, military or any other websites that contains

confidential data. This system will provide internet security to keep the system and information

safe from malicious software’s, need to maintain privacy and protect sensitive and confidential

information.

1.6 Scope of the System:

This system will be mainly focused on university website to provide security. The users need to

login into their accounts using fingerprint web authentication system, users need to scan their



fingerprint to get access to their accounts. This system also helps in solving the problems in the

current system.

To minimize the security risks from the current system (University website).

To improve security for internet users using fingerprint recognizing.

To prevent the happening of fraudulent activities such as hacking of accounts

passwords and misuse them

To obtain fast and accurate authentication results in cost effective manner.

1.7 Nature of Challenge: Attaining device: As the system is based on fingerprint biometric authentication, developer

needs to buy the biometric device which can scan the finger prints of the users. The device

should have software development kit so that by using that kit developer can store the

fingerprints in form of digital data in database.

Cooperation of users or participants: Before the development of the system developer need to do

a research which includes surveys and questionnaires. While conducting the survey and

questionnaire the cooperation of the participants is must.

Authentication: System should verify the genuine user and should be able to minimize security

risk .The verification between human and machine should be claimed. The fake user cannot be

authenticated. Previously authentication system uses username and passwords or digital

signatures. But now new method of authentication is introduced for web-logins.

Authorization: The authorization to the genuine user is must. Each and every user has different

permissions but if the user is genuine and system allows the access to user for other account.

System need to verify the account information before authorizing any user.



2 Project management

2.0 Project plan

The detailed research is required to meet the aims and objectives of the system.

2.1 Evaluating and experimenting biometric system Developer need to conduct and experiment, analyze and evaluate biometric systems. The

experiment will be based on working mechanism of biometric systems. Through this experiment

the developer will understand various biometric communication systems such as whether it is

based on client/server or some are also based on peer to peer architecture. By analyzing it

developer will able to decide which communication architecture is going to be used for the

proposed system.

2.2 Experimenting with different API Developer need to do experiment on various programming API. The API also depends upon the

device which is used for developing the system. Selection of the API is very important part for

developing biometric systems because using the API we can develop the system. To enable the

system to work on different platform developer need to choose API this can support platform

independence.

2.3 Testing the Prototype Different type of testing will be conducted to test the prototype. For example – stress testing will

be done to check the performance and availability of the system when the numbers of clients are

high or low. Then other testing will be done to check the output of the system by entering

different values.

Deliverables

After achieving the aims and objectives of the proposed system the system might represent a

better performance and the system that is highly available for the user even if the users are

increased. The system might be implemented to the university website and there will be more

than 160 users for this system. Developer need to make sure about the performance and

availability of the system.



2.4 Resources Developer need to find the resources which can be helpful in developing the system.

E-Resources

Access to following main websites for collecting research material:

IEEE-http//:www.ieeexplore.ieee.org/

A fingerprint matching algorithm using phase-only correlation

(IEICE TRANS.FUNDAMENTALS.VOL.E87-A, NO.3 MARCH 2004)

FINGERPRINT RECOGNIZATION

www.biometrics.gov

A simple matching algorithm for fingerprint minutiae

Data sets in accordance with DIN V 66400

(Lisa Thalheim)

Books

Encyclopedia of biometrics, by Stan Z. Li, Anil K.Jain

Security and access control using biometric technologies by Robert Newman

Researcher might conduct survey among the users of the system i.e. university lecturers. The

survey will be designed and distributed among the lecturers within the university. Researcher

might conduct an interview with the company based on biometric and voice recognition

technology for gathering technical information regarding the system. This might help researcher

in gathering technical information regarding the biometric technology.

http://www.biometrics.gov/



2.5 Development Plan

Problem Identification phase: In this phase developer will identify the problem area for the

system. As developer needs to do a research on problem area as proposed system is based on

fingerprint web-authentication system. Developer needs to analyse the current system and the

problems faced in that system. The problem area that developer will focus is based on university

websites.

Requirement phase: In this phase developer will start requirement and data gathering using

survey and interview. Developer needs to analyse the requirement for the project which would

require the developer to do research and strengthen the understanding on the following areas of

knowledge, both domain and as well as technical research areas, without which the developer

will not be able to deliver a good academic project. Developer will conduct an online survey

with the university lecturers as they will be the users for the proposed system. An interview will

be conducted with project manager of CTI group regarding technical knowledge with current

system.

Specification phase: In this phase developer will decide the specification of the system. Now

developer needs to do a research on the biometric hardware devices available for the system, the

developer need to do a research for the specification of the device that is required to develop the

system. Developer needs to be very careful about specification because if any error is made

within this process, it can create a problem in development of the system. For the development

of the system the developer need to know about the current architecture of the system.

Design phase: In this part the developer will design the database and interface of the system.

The system interface should be friendly and developer should also consider human computer

interface during the development of the system. The database should be highly normalized and

as the proposed system is web based the developer should design web based interface.

Implementation phase: In this phase developer will start coding for the system; developer

should have clear idea about the functionality of the system and the language chosen for the



development of the system. This process will take longer time as developer needs to do coding

for the project.

Testing phase: After development of the system is successfully completed developer will now

test the system find errors or bugs. The testing for this system might cover several stages like

stress testing, black box testing, grey box testing and white box testing. If there are any errors or

bugs the developer will try to fix them in this phase.

Deployment phase: In this phase the system is being moved to a working environment, the

development of the system might take place in that environment as there can be some errors in

the system while implementing to a new environment. Once the system is ready to use it will

be monitored to find out any kind of error or future requirements for the system.



3 Domain research

3.0 Introduction to Biometrics

Biometric authentication is one of the technical improvements in information technology and

looks set to change the way for majority of people. Security in the present context has become

the harbinger of innovation and has evolved the need for genuine authentication is pertinent.

Personal use of biometric systems is being an issue for authentication and security. Mostly

finger print recognition is used for authentication. This paper is organized as follows: by now,

the reader should have a clear idea about what this project is all about and section one which

consisted for the current problem incurred by the internet users and need for the system

followed by the study of objective , level of challenge and project planning , section two

consists of literature review followed by domain and technical research .Section three will

illustrate how primary research (survey and the interview)and investigation was done and which

methodological choices were made.

Biometrics is defined as behavioural uniqueness that can be used to verify to identify an

individual, which can include fingerprint verification, retinal scanning, face recognition, iris,

and signature verification. Biometric system is authenticates users by its biological

characteristics and behaviour characteristic that can be fingerprint, iris, face and voice. (Ruud

Bolle, 2001)

There are some traditional techniques used for authentication

Manually tokens (Anil Jain, 2000): It refers to identification process in form of

human intervention , means a person will make a decision for deciding whether the

identify is approved or not E.g.: On airports the authentication is done manually by

verifying passports , now the airport immigration authority takes decision regarding

the traveller authentication is verified or not.

Automated tokens (Anil Jain, 2000) : These token does not involve human

intervention for identification. E.g. verification system like ATM, smart cards and

magnetic strip cards.



"Authentication is something you have, something you know, and something you are when you

add biometrics" (Charles Kolodgy, 2001) (Lewis, 2001-2002)

Something you know (a password or personal identification number, PIN)

Something you own (an identity card, pass, or token), and

Who you are (one of the distinctive characteristics unique to you)

3.1 Comparison between identification techniques Tokens Can be fake and can be used without knowing to original holders. E.g.

Someone can "steal an identity" and create a new fake ID using any

others personal information.

Passwords Can be cracked or obtained using hacking techniques or tools like password

cracking.

Can be told. If the password is told to a person they can get into your account

and can misuse your personal information.

It can be forgotten which can cause problem for an organization you are

working for E.g. you are working in a organization you need to gain access

to company email account urgently, forgetting password can cause you in

trouble that time.

Biometrics Cannot be fake

Cannot be cracked

Dealing with accuracy sometimes causes problem in biometric device like having

a cut on finger, burn or excessive rubbing on hard surface can bring damage to

your finger then it might not be possible that you can be authenticated by

biometric system that time.

Table 1: Tokens vs. Passwords. Vs. Biometric



3.2 Comparison between each biometric technology

Methods Strength Weakness Suitable

applications

Finger print Stable over time

uniqueness

Needs to training

user resistance

Workstation

access control ,

ATM , airline

tickets , physical

access control ,

information

system control

Face Universally present Cultural and religious

issues

physical access

control

Iris Stable over time

uniqueness

Needs to training

user resistance

ATM , airline

tickets , physical

access control

Retina Stable over time

uniqueness

Slow read time user

resistance

physical access

control ,

information

system control

Hand geometry Low failure to enroll

small template

Size of device

childish finger growth

physical access

control ,

information

system control,

time attendance

Voice Less training

excellent user

acceptance

Changes and unstable

over time

Mobile phone

banking

Signature High user acceptance

less training

Enrollment task long

& unstable over time

Portable device

stylus input



3.3 Fingerprint technology Fingerprint identification is one of the most well know biometrics because of the uniqueness

and consistency over time. The fingerprint has been used from past century for the identification

purpose but now it has become advanced using biometric technology and computing

capabilities. The fingerprint technology has become so popular because of the ease of use and

several sources (ten dingers) available for collection.

This literature review also addresses on some areas like social and legal issues regarding

fingerprint technology. Human factor that relates to biometric technology and some security

issues for fingerprint biometric technology. The issue effecting biometric technology are

presented as by (Green, 2005) as follows:

Social issues

There are several social issues that affect fingerprint biometric technology like

misunderstanding the usage of the device of technology. Hesitation is also one of the issues

relating to biometric, new users sometime hesitate to use new technology.

Security concerns

No system that tend to be entirely secure there are some intrusiveness in the system including

fingerprint technology. But implementing fingerprint biometric system can be somewhat secure

as compare to stealing and copying passwords, there is a level of security. Mainly passwords

can be broken by using some software but using fingerprints for authentication will be

considered more secure and reliable.

Privacy Concerns

The privacy concerns can be leaving the fingerprints all over the place on daily basis work that

user do. But when a user is involved in using fingerprint technology user might worry about the

privacy.

Third party involvement in data

Other than privacy the concern for the fingerprint is that when the fingerprints are scanned they

are stored in the digital format and are stored in the database. The data store in the database can

be copied or deleted. The fear for the user fingerprint publicity or privacy can be a problem.



Health concern

The health concern for the fingerprint is related to the safety of fingerprint technology. While

user interaction there is a direct contact between user and device sensor , user might fear of

electric shock or spreading germs or might experience some kind of pain while using the device.

The graph shows user uncomfortable using biometric technology

Human Factors

Gender Factor:

As per gender woman have slim and smaller fingers with long nails as compared to males. Due

to the change the fingerprint scanning device may not be able to capture a good sample or

authenticate well. The shape and size differs with regards to gender.

Age factor:

As people age increases the fingerprint becomes lighter and there is elasticity in skin. Such a

problem can result with poor acquisition of fingerprint and will not be able to match with the

original samples. It also varies from the sensor and hardware that is being used.

Occupational factor:

As some of people do labor jobs, they might deal with lifting up heavy things and working with

chemical which may result in wearing of fingerprints. This might cause problem for the

60

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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Fingerprint Iris Scan Retina Scan Voice Recognition Handwritting recognition

Nu

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of

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fingerprint scanner to match it or capture the sample. But there are some sensors available

which use the second layer of the skin to be captured.

Secondary Research

Developer needs to do feasibility study on the current biometric fingerprint system available in

the market before proceeding towards the development of the proposed system. Developer need

to find and analyze the requirements for the system and gather information about the systems.

Developer need to analyze the resources required to develop the system. As there is much

information available on internet regarding biometrics but developer need to be careful before

using that information because the information mentioned can be wrong. While referring the

source developer need to see the website or domain from which the information is being taken,

the information that was gather from internet should be authenticated and verified. The

developer can refer to journals, papers and university website because they are very reliable.

3.4 Review on similar systems There are lots of products available in the market using bio metric technology. Before moving

towards the project, the developer needs to find similar biometric fingerprint systems that have

being already developed and need to review on these systems.

The proposed system (Fingerprint Web Authentication System) which is not yet been developed

in the market but there are similar systems available in the market that are using fingerprint

technology for the authentication.



3.4.1 Biometric Time Attendance Management Fingerprint System

Overview

Lone wolf software, Inc was founded in 1991 which has evolved small computer

resources to custom software with clients in multinational companies. The company has

been developing systems of no just time and attendance but also for other management

software’s. The Juno uses the best finger print technology which is highly rated in time

attendance management system. It brings the manual work to automation and faster than

before like it is used in automated time and attendance terminal. It is easy to maintain and

use, need not require much training procedures before using this device. It allows the user

to clock in and out with just a touch of a finger. It’s not only used for clock in and out but

user can also view the previous records and other information like departments and

current projects.

For the audio assistance and verbal conformation speakers are attached on the board.

This product also comes with the internal bell system which uses the internal speakers

for a beep like common start, break time and end time. This product is capable for

holding more than 1,500 templates and 30,000 transactions which makes it the perfect

for any size of the company.

3.4.2 Reason for developing such system

This system is fast replacing the traditional attendance registers. Huge number of employees

works under one company and it’s very difficult to maintain each employee daily records

manually like (attendance, time in and time out). Manually it takes so much time for the

employees to mark the records. The old traditional system was not easy to maintain and was also

so much time consuming, generating a report manually can take so much longer time using

manual attendance system. Reasons for developing or using these types of systems are

mentioned below:

Security: Employees need to punch there finger on the sensor to enter the company and

mark attendance, by this elimination of fake entry and a reduction of time theft. Moreover

reduce the labor cost and saves lots of money.



Accuracy: With increase in security this system also provides increase in accuracy.

Besides from time theft, calculating mistakes cost can be reduced easily. The automation

of report generating will be accurate. You will be able to monitor attendance, breaks and

holiday hours; everything will be recorded correctly and fairly.

Easy to Use: Automated attendance and management system are easy to use and

implement. Employees can just log their attendance easily just with a touch of the finger

and managers can.

3.4.3 Conclusion

This system is similar with the developers system as per the technology perspective,

because this system is also using biometric fingerprint technology, but developers system

is mainly based on the web authentication system. The backend working for the system

above and developers system will be similar as in this system developer will be also

storing the fingerprints of the users in the database that are going to use the system.

3.5 Bio-web system

3.5.1 Overview Biometric security solution is company which provides biometric services to wide range of

companies all around UK. This company deals with many biometric products like Biometric

Hardware , fingerprint scanners, Iris cameras, biometric software and signature recognition.

This company has been developing system for not only web-security but also for network login

system, time attendance system and secure USB drives. Bio-web system developed for the web

environment where it can also determine the hardware configurations available on the client

machine. For this fingerprint reader or scanner is required at the client side.

http://www.eyenetwatch.com/Category/53-biometric-hardware-fingerprint-readers.aspx

http://www.eyenetwatch.com/Category/53-biometric-hardware-fingerprint-readers.aspx



The following are the process for Bio-web fingerprint authentication as user’s point of view:

User should navigate to the login page and enable the active x control for fingerprint

authentication.

User needs to login the username and then will be redirected to the fingerprint

authentication page. The user should place the finger on fingerprint reader to scan the

image of the fingerprint.

The users will submit the login details and fingerprint image to the biometric sever

The request will be sent to the server for verification of the fingerprint and username

If the user is verified then user is granted access to their accounts but if the match fails

then user is deemed invalid.

3.5.2 This system can be used following areas:

Intranet: Most of the critical areas of the intranet can be protected using fingerprint

authentication like in some organization they use attendance and payroll systems.

Extranet: Using fingerprint authentication can help users to minimize security risks as

sometimes user does not logout from the extranet, there can be timeout implemented and login

will be using fingerprint authentication.

B2C applications: For B2C like online banking, the user can use for login into banking websites

using fingerprint authentication.



3.6 Fingerprint matching Two of the fundamentally important conclusions that have risen from research are:

1. A person's fingerprint will not naturally change structure after about one year since birth.

2. The fingerprints of individuals are unique. Even the fingerprints in twins are not the same.

Each and every fingerprint consists of ridges and valleys. The upper skin segments of the finger

are ridges and the lower skin segments are known as valleys. These ridges form points called

minutia points, there points are formed by identifying ridge endings and ridge splits.

Fingerprints into five categories: whorl, right loop, left loop, arch, and tented arch. Matching

one fingerprint with another fingerprint the system needs to check arch, loop, whorl and delta.

Outlines of typical automated fingerprint recognition system

3.6.1 Steps involved in fingerprint matching In scanning method the digital image is directly taken from the device by placing the finger on

the surface of fingerprint reader. Some sensors like optical are based on frustrated total internal

reflection technique used to capture the live finger prints mostly in forensic and government

agencies use these kind of systems. Some of devices while solid state and sweep sensors based

measures the difference in physical properties such as capacity or conducting friction ridges and

valleys.



In the identification phase the user need to touch the sensor, for generating a few fingerprint

image know as query print. The minutia points are extracted from the query print and then go for

match into the database to find the similarity between the common minutia points. Sometimes

due to some variations the fingerprint placement on the sensor or pressure applied to on the

sensor, the points that are extracted from the fingerprint should be aligned before the matching

takes place. Now the matcher will look for a number of pairs of matching minutiae.

In feature extraction from a fingerprint image is characterized into three levels. Level 1:

Feature capture macro details such as friction ridge flow, pattern type and singular points. Level

2: Feature refers to minutiae such as ridge bifurcations and endings. Level 3: Feature includes

attributes of the ridges such as ridge path deviation, width, shape, pores, edge contour and

A fingerprint matching finds a match between two fingerprints, which can be high from the

same fingerprint or low for other fingerprints. Fingerprint matching is difficult pattern

recognition problem due to the variations in the fingerprint, different variations from the same

fingerprint or similarity between the two fingerprints. The variations are caused due to pressure

and placement of the finger on the surface of fingerprint reader some other variations can be

with different conditions like skin dryness or cuts. The similarity can be large as there are only

three types of fingerprint patterns arch, loop and whorl. There are four different type of



algorithm used for fingerprint matching: image correlation, phase matching, skeleton matching

and minutiae matching. Minutiae based matching is commonly used because this technique has

been used from many centuries by the forensic experts. The minutiae based representation

provides effective loading and same finger as a match. A system false rate and false non match

rate depends on the operating threshold , when there is large number of threshold for false

match rate at very high false non match rate for a fingerprint matching system it is impossible to

remove both the error for false match rate and false non match rate simultaneously.

Example of fingerprint and two minutiae

3.6.2 Minutiae matching: The minutiae based fingerprint is used widely as this scans the fingerprint card and then extracts

the minutiae from the fingerprint and search, compare or lists the minutiae against other

fingerprints. The minutiae based matching system usually return the number of matched

minutiae on a fingerprint to both query and reference to generate similarity scores. At typical

good-quality fingerprint image contains about 20-70 minutiae points. According to forensic

science if two fingerprint have minimum 12 matched minutiae they are considered to have come

from the same finger. More the minutiae in a fingerprint match more the higher similarity scores.

Enrolment of minutia points



In the enrolment process of fingerprint the minutia points are located according to their

positions to each other in the directions recorded. Then the minutia points recorded are stored

in form of template for authentication of the person later on. For the matching of the fingerprint

image the minutia points are extracted and compared with the saved template. The minutia

points are then compared with registered template and try to find out as many points for a

authentication.

Verification using minutia points

3.6.3 Pattern Matching The pattern matching is not only done on the basis of the fingerprint points but also some

characteristics include like ridge thickness, curves, density. The pattern based algorithm is not

widely used due to increased depth of data in a pattern. The pattern based algorithm and minutia

based method suffer the same difficulties varying fingerprint quality. In the pattern based the

image is taken from the sensor and is store in the database as template. Then the image is

cropped in form of square with a fixed region and directions. The cropped region is then

compressed and store in the database for match.

Enrolment with pattern based algorithm



The verification begins when another fingerprint image is capture by the sensor and is sent for

the match. The registered small image from the template is then compared with the fingerprint

image to find the degree of the template match.

Verification using pattern based algorithm



3.6.4 Difference between minutia based and pattern based Minutia Pattern

Definition Analyzing the points where the ridges

on the fingerprint splits or ends

Analyzing the graphical comparison on

the fingerprint image

How it works The device captures the image and

then fingerprint image is identified

from the core, loop, arch, whorl and

ridges. The directions are marked and

compared with the other image. These

points are known as minutia

Graphical centre of the image is taken

cropped at the fixed size distance and

compressed for a subsequent match. The

more difference between the graphical

images less chance for the fingerprint

match.

Template size As small as 120 bytes average size is

350 bytes

500-700 bytes when compressed

Search speed Depends to template size , smaller the

template size faster the search speed

results

Depends to template size , smaller the

template size faster the search speed

results

Sensitivity to

physical changes

Less sensitive as only 30% of minutia

is required for the match. Cuts and

arch usually do not effect on the

match

If the arch or cut on the finger , the new

template may be required

Sensitivity to

time

Less sensitive to change over time Sensitivity to the physical changes and

placement of the finger on the sensors

Standard X.509 None AAMVA B10.8 None



4 Primary Research

4.0 Introduction:

Primary research focuses on data gathering methods for the target users; this section includes the

collection of information from the target users. The information will be used in the development

of fingerprint system, to quote Nobel Prize winner physiologist Albert Szent-Gyorgyi, “Research

is to see what everybody else has seen and to think what nobody else has thought”. Primary data

is the data which is being collected by you and is more reliable and up to date. It’s the data that

has been created first time and there is no other previous source available.

To do a research many facts finding techniques will be carried out by the researcher.

4.1 Fact Finding Techniques To study the system analyst need to have all relevant information and facts required for that

system. For each and every project to be successful depends upon the accuracy of data collected

or available. There are several methods and techniques used to collect the accurate information

or data available. These methods and techniques are termed as fact finding techniques or

methods. When these facts are represented in the form of quantitative termed as data. Interview,

survey, questionnaire, recording views and observation are some fact finding techniques.

Data gathering is very important stage in system development life cycle.

There are two basic types of fact finding techniques and that are:-

The qualitative research includes participant observation, interviews and focus group.

Using this technique provides the quality of data which can be analysed easily as it is

based on expert views and judgment.

The quantitative research includes controlled questionnaires, surveys and experiments.

Using this technique of data is been gathered and much time is required to analyse the

data. The accuracy of data is very accurate.

For the data gathering the developer decided to use both fact finding techniques. For qualitative

research developer decided to conduct an interview and for quantitative research developer

decided to conduct survey.



4.1.1 Interview

“An investigation may take six months. A quick interview, profile, a day”

Interview is the method use to collect information for a group of people or individuals. Before

conducting an interview analysts need to select the people related to the system. The interview is

generally done face to face but before that it’s important to take permission and arrange a prior

appointment. We need to choose a suitable place and time for the interview which is comfortable

for the respondent.

During the interview the information collected is quite accurate and reliable as we can clear and

cross check the doubts during interview. Conducting an interview also helps to clear the gaps and

misunderstanding regarding the problems. The interview is further categorized as structured

interview and unstructured interview. The structured interview is the formal interview where

definite questioned are asked and discussion is done on specific information whereas

unstructured interview is more like a casual conversation where topics beyond the areas are

covered.

The interview can be conducted for various purposes and with variety of goals in the mind. The

successful interview should follow certain steps.

Introduction

Background of the project

Fact gathering

Verifying the information gathered

Make sure to confirm the information gathered from the interviewee

Clarification

For the data gathering developer selected to conduct an interview. Like other fact finding

techniques interview has its own advantages and disadvantages. But according to developer the

interviews was best suitable for the scenario as the proposed system was not yet designed before

and developer needed an expert’s view and suggestions to develop the system. The advantages

and disadvantages of the interview will be discussed further.



4.1.2 Who to Interview

The most important task for developer was to select the interviewee. Before data gathering

developer need to choose the appropriate person for an interview. This includes the selecting of

interviewees; need to understand what is expected from the person who has to be interviewed at

the specific level and need to understand how to verify the information received.

Advantages of interviewing

Allow participant not restricted to the predetermined categories and also use his or her

own words

Provides high reliability and accuracy for the information

Allow the evaluator to get into more details and insure that participants understand the

questions the way they intended.

Interviewers use their knowledge and interpersonal skills to explore more in details and

many new ideas generate.

Disadvantages of interviewing

Sometime participant say more what they are intended to say.

The interview may be more reactive to personalities and interpersonal dynamics.

Conducting interviews can me more expensive and time consuming as it qualitative

interviewing involves significant skill and experience.

Analyzing qualitative interview is much more time-consuming than analyzing

quantitative data

4.1.3 Justification for choosing Interview Interviews are conducted face to face with individual or a small group. It is better to have small

group or individual for the interview so that everybody gets a chance to contribute. Interview is

used for data gathering process although it takes much time for the process but it is very useful as

the information gathered is reliable and accurate. During the interview we can focus on the

interest or specialized area of the interviewee.



4.1.4 How the Interview been done

The developer designed the questions for the interview and gave them to the interviewee i.e. Mr

Y. The interview was recorded for the referencing purposes. It was assured that the information

collected will be kept confidential.

4.2 Survey

This technique is used when we have to extract the information from number of people.

This is done when it is impractical to meet all the people face to face. Adopting this

method requires very skilful analysts. The survey questions should be framed in the

logical manner. The survey questions should be simple and clear, making sure that user

should able to understand properly. This method is very useful for attaining information

from the people who are going to use the system. The questionnaire can be email or

distributed among the people, this is the cheapest source of fact finding.

4.2.1 Survey Techniques: Relative Advantages and Disadvantages



5 Secondary research

5.0 Methodology

5.1 Waterfall Model

In earlier days of software development, the source code was written and then debugged. No

formal analysis and design was followed. As written codes and debugging process became

problematic when complex software systems were required. Since these system requirements

should be well understood, which provides a model for development of the system. This model is

known as the waterfall model. It is an approach for the development of the system that

emphasizes completing of each phase before proceeding to next phase.

Sometimes combination of certain phases freezes the development at that point of time. If the

change is being identified in the product then a formal process is followed to make changes. The

graphical representation of the model is downwards flow as of a waterfall. Each phase includes

the documentation and phases below the design phase include software as part of their output.

Moving from each phase to another phase is followed by holding a formal review that is attended

by supervisors. The review provides by the supervisors helps in project progress. At some critical

points in the waterfall model some baselines are established, by the process need to finishes in

order to move forward.

There are difference between hardware and software that waterfall model does not address. As

sometimes hardware & software does not requires no fabrication. If the drawing model is

complete the final product exists. Many of the software development methodologies have

evolved from attempts to optimize the waterfall model for software. Like software prototyping

helps in understanding the requirements of the typical hardware production which understanding

is critical for waterfall model.



Advantages of waterfall methodology:

Easy to implement as it is a linear model

Minimum amount of resources required

Each and every phase is documented well, it is easy for developer to understand the

system

Disadvantages of waterfall methodology:

User cannot go back to the phase and makes changes if they have already completed the

phase.

Any changes in the requirement can cause lots of confusion in the project.

Till the final phase is not completed the working model of the project is not ready for the

client.



Comparing the Waterfall Model

Description. The waterfall model consists of several phases for the development of system.

Before proceeding to each phase need to make sure those requirements for the pervious phase are

completed. For comparison of waterfall model to other models, the most important attributes of

this model are as follows:

A formal method.

Uses top-down development

Steps are combined

Each phase includes starting and ending point.

Where to Use the Waterfall Model

The waterfall model should be used where the requirements for the system are well defined and

understood.

5.2 Incremental Model

Description:

The incremental model overlaps the sections of waterfall method to compensate the length of

waterfall model projects by producing usable functionality earlier. Incremental model is basically

used in small projects as it may start the project with some general objectives. As small portion

of these objectives are also defined as requirements that are used further in implementation of the

projects. But in small complex project use of the general objectives as requirements is

uncomfortable for the management to use for the development of the systems because some

modules of the project will be completed long before other requirements. Implementing reviews

and audit for this type of system will be more difficult, as there can be a tendency to push the

difficult requirements to future to demonstrate early success of management.



Incremental Model

Where to Use the Incremental Model

If developing a whole system at once is too risky, then we consider incremental development

model.

5.3 Boehm Spiral Model

Description: The spiral model is a process for software development. The spiral sometimes uses

the top-down and bottom up technique it can be the combination of waterfall model and

prototype. It combines both design phase and prototyping. The incremental model can be viewed

as a spiral model because it illustrates one of the strengths of incremental model as the resources

remain constant as the system size increases. The size of the spiral corresponds to the size of the

system, while the distance between the coils and the spiral indicates resources.



Steps involved in spiral

Requirements are defined in detail which also involves the interviewing the users

The important phase in spiral model is creating preliminary design of the system which

helps the users and developer to understand the system, this phase also helps in

identifying the problems and solutions towards it.

The prototype is constructed from the preliminary design which represents the

characteristics of the system

Then evaluating the prototype in terms of weakness, strength and risks.

Coming up with new requirements

Planning and design for second prototype

Implementing and testing the second prototype

Advantages

Estimations are more realistic as most of the requirements are analyzed in details

It is easier to make changes in the systems as compared to others.

Disadvantages

limiting re-usability

Requires dedication and information management

Not similar for each type of application

High risk for cost and time

When to Use the Boehm Spiral Model

The Bohme model has become very popular with the aerospace and engineering projects. This

model is basically use in the defences engineering project as they are very risky in nature. But

the business projects are more conservative. But sometime spiral model is applicable for many

business projects in which success is not graduate or it may require very much computation like

some business uses decision support systems.



Strengths and weaknesses of the waterfall, incremental, and Boehm Spiral model

5.4 Prototyping Description: Prototyping is the part of the process which helps in building the model of the

system. It is included in analysis and system development. This process helps the developer to

build a design for a system to know exactly how the system will work. During the requirement

and analysis phase there is a need to gather the data required for the system. Prototyping is

sometimes intangible but still helps in enhancement of the project. The feedback that is received

from the users after developing the physical design of the system can help us in evaluate the



response of the users to this system and then manipulation can be done to the system according

to the requirements. Prototyping comes in many form it’s not only the physical design but can

be the as low as paper sketch to any engineering design tools. Still now also some of the

organization uses the paper sketch as the prototyping but some of them uses some computer

aided software engineering tools to build a prototype.

When to Use Prototyping with the Waterfall

As it was mentioned in the description above of Boehm spiral that it may use waterfall which can

be very useful in the project when the it is required to demonstrate the technical feasibility and

technical risk is very high. It can also be used to better understand the users requirements which

can limit resource cost by understanding problem are before utilizing further resources.

Advantages of prototyping

It reduces the time in the development

It reduces the development cost

For the prototyping process it requires user involvement

Helps the developer in future enhancements

Disadvantages of prototyping

Much analysis not done in prototyping

The expectations for the users are made according to the prototype

Even developers can also be attached to the prototype

Strengths of Prototyping

Focused on the functionality of the project in early stage

The process involved provides perfect requirement definition

This model also provides risk control.

Documentation focuses on the end product not the evolution of the product.

Weaknesses of Prototyping

This technique is applicable to existing system rather than new systems



Bad documentation

Sometimes using this technique may produce the system with poor performance.

5.5 Clean room

Description: The basic idea to use this technique is to control the cost by detecting bugs as early

as possible, when they are less costly to remove. Rather than documenting everything for the

software design and requirements it uses off-line review techniques to better understand develop

the software before it is executed. In this technique the programmers are not allowed to perform

trails and errors while execution of the software, the software should execute successfully first-

time. The testing uses statistical examination to focus on the errors of the software that cause

failures.

The conclusion is that much time is spent to verify the program as less time is given for

designing and coding. The program testing must be done side by side as its much reliable than

following traditional life cycle models.

When to Use Cleanroom

Clean room can be combined with other models like incremental, spiral and waterfall to produce

complex systems. This technique provides better results and high quality software instead of

direct productivity increases. This technique requires semantic design model, full procedures and

unit testing before the product is released in the market.

Strengths of Cleanroom

The errors are recognized in the early stage

Provides high quality software and reliable products

Weaknesses of Cleanroom

It requires complete user requirements , only after that we can start developing the system

Using this technique may not produce creative products due to disciplined style.



5.6 Object-Oriented

Description:

The object oriented approach is to focus on real world objects in the software development. It is

basically based on the idea that human limitation cannot manage more than seven concepts and

single time. Grady Brooch suggests that, “The principles of software engineering can help us

decompose systems so that we never simultaneously deal with more than seven entities”. The

object oriented also includes object oriented analysis, object oriented design and object oriented

programming.

Where to Use object – oriented

Use Object – oriented in projects where

It can be used where the functional complexity of the software is lesser concern.

Object oriented techniques can be used for implementing the technology as it also

provides adequate tools which are very helpful.

Using object oriented techniques the organization can change its development methods.

Strengths of Object-Oriented:

There is lower maintenance cost as this technique emboldens a complete solution.

The model states the user's sight of certainty.

Weaknesses of Object-Oriented

Using object oriented techniques can be difficult for the developers with the structured

back ground.

Can be difficult to resolve the complex issues.



5.7 Justification for chosen methodology

FWAS is a system that can be implemented in any other universities with minimum

requirements. Developer choose waterfall methodology for developing the system because this

methodology includes portioning a large system into a manageable smaller ones and organizing

the details into an understandable by utilizing a top-down approach. This methodology provides

measurable, reviewable and definable product specification. At the end, the process draws on

more system personnel resources as well as user involvement. It increases involvement and

communication between system and users. It also allows allocation of simpler tasks to junior

personnel which mean each and every group member is equally distributed among tasks. A great

impact of this methodology is that the total time and cost are greatly reduced, if system

developed by this methodology is implemented in the organization. It also includes developing

and maintaining the system specification, especially for the outputs.

Waterfall facilitates timelines by allowing project planning, management and control all within a

single methodology. On the usability side, special emphasis is placed on analyzing user’s

requirements. At the same time, the system’s data model is developed and a specification

analysis is carried out. All this is done to match the system’s design to the needs of the user.

It does not require any special skills and can be taught easily to any team member to embrace the

methodology. This translates to speedy implementation and clear communication. The quality of

the end product is controlled as the error rate is reduced by defining certain quality benchmarks

in the beginning and measuring it constantly against current progress. Productivity is improved

by encouraging on-time delivery, meeting business requirements, ensuring better quality, and

utilizing human resources effectively. This means a high quality Online E-recruitment System

can be deployed within a shorter turnaround time. Finally, Waterfall can be used freely without

paying any license fees or royalties to any part.



6 Languages

6.0 ASP.Net ASP.Net is the product of Microsoft. It is the extended version of active server pages; which

helps in the web development model that includes basic services required for the developer to

develop the web applications. (Sae-Chin, 2002) It can support various languages like VB, C++,

C#, J# Jscript. Net frame work does not only limit itself to any one language which is the good

about it. It works on the windows environment and also support to the web pages.

6.1 Java It is a programming language used to develop the applications. It is easier to write and develop

application using this language as compared to other languages. The limitation of this language

is that it limits the developer to use only one language that is java. This language also contains

the API which can develop the applications more easily and faster. It is platform independent

the programs use java virtual machines for the abstraction and do not access the operating

system directly.

Level J2EE .NET

1. Presentation

and access

Java server pages are used to build tag-

oriented dynamic web pages for accessing

remote objects. Dynamic pages can also

be built programmatically using servlets.

Swing is used to build rich interactive

GUI

.NET uses ASP.NET for dynamic

HMTL pages. Windows forms are

used for building rich and complex

GUI and web services are used for

programmatic access to remote

business logic.

2. Business logic Enterprise JavaBeans hold the

applications business logic- the code that

implements the functionality of the

system

.NET managed components are

made for .NET environment and

unlike COM components, are

registered in the registry. COM

queued components works

asynchronously, e.g. in scenarios

where the serve is not online all the

time



3. Connectivity Java database connectivity provides

access to tabular data. Java connector

architecture allows J2EE components to

access different enterprise information

systems. JMS is a messaging standard

which allows sending and receiving SMS

asynchronously.

ADO.NET is used for accessing

relational databases and provides

integration with XML. An XML

API provided for mapping .NET

components to XML protocols

such as SOAP and WSDL

4. Runtime Java runtime engine , which includes the

java virtual machine, core java classes

and support files

All.NET applications use single

runtime engine, the common

language runtime for all.

6.2 PHP

Level ASP.Net PHP

1. Speed Like all other .Net application

asp.net applications are

compiled which makes it more

faster than PHP

PHP applications are

interpreted, to have same effects

like asp.net PHP accelerator

must be installed on server side

which most of companies avoid.

2. More language support Asp.net is written using object

oriented programming

languages of our choice

PHP is simple scripting

language in compare to other

.Net applications like VB.Net,

C# etc. These languages give

more control and reusability.

3. Development

environment

Free development environment

for Asp.Net id available called

web matrix

This blows all other free

development environments for

PHP out of the water.

4. Part of .Net Using asp.net is very beneficial

as it easy to understand and

using asp.net also helps with the

development of windows

applications.

PHP has PHP-GTK, but it’s

currently very immature

compared to .NET



6.3 Justification for choosing the programming language For developing fingerprint web authentication system developer have chosen ASP.Net as a

programming language to develop the system because more hardware support is available for

these languages, many API are available and much research is being done on these

programming language ,it also supports trusted platform.

As survey was also conducted in June 2002 regarding which programming language will be

useful in future. The survey was completed by 633 development managers; the survey showed

that .NET had already gained a strong place in the IT industry. It also showed the ratio of

projects using .Net to J2EE is 28% to 48.8 %, in future it will increase to 52.2% to 51.8%.

Another survey was conducted in October 2002 with 600 developers as it resulted that more

people where using .Net rather than Java. The ratio of using .Net to J2EE was 63% to 61%.As

keep in mind for future implementation of the system developer decided to choose ASP.Net as a

programming language to develop the system.



7 Survey

7.0 Introduction

The online survey was conducted among the lecturers and other staff members of the APIIT

University. There are more than 150 lecturers available working within the university. The

developer needs to design the survey online survey form and email survey forms for the

university lecturers and other staff members. The developer conducted this online survey to

know the usage of current system and the problems that users faced in the current system. The

online survey was conducted with 88 lecturers as there were only 34 respondents for the survey

form. The contribution of university lectures and other staff members helped the developer to

complete the survey.

7.0.1 Objective The main objective to conduct this survey was to know about the usage of current system and

issues faced by the users in the current system. The developer will able to know about the level

of authentication required by the users in the current system. From the survey developer will

able to know about the usage of biometric technology by the lecturers and staff members of the

university.

7.0.2 Survey Design

Fingerprint Web Authentication System

This survey is carried out as partial fulfillment for the cause of bachelor's degree research. The

research is entitled as “Fingerprint Web Authentication System ". Objective of this survey is to

collect data from the lectures working in the university and also to know importance of

implementing security into university websites. The data is needed to know about the

importance, security and usability of biometric systems. The Fingerprint Web Authentication

System will authenticate the lecturers using their fingerprint while logging into the university

website. This system will help in increase in security on websites as much confidential

information is been available. I hereby declare that all your personal information will be kept

confidential.



Kindly Specify your personal Information * Job Title and Work Experience

How often do you use your university websites? * If you answer "Never" please skip the survey

else continue

Always

Sometimes

Never

What is the main purpose for using university websites?

Frequently

used Seldom Never

Web-mail

Web attendance

Web results

Library

Schedules



What are the major issues you face while login into university website "You can choose multiple

options"

GUI problem (Hard to understand the interface of the system)

Security (Sometimes you forget your password or accounts get compromised)

Performance (Delay in time while login)

Others please specify

Logging into university websites using only username and passwords, do you think it is secure as

username and passwords can be easily acquired / hacked If "Agree" with above statement ,

please specify your comments

Agree with above statement

Disagree with above statement

Do you think implementing biometric technology on university websites will increase security

“If you answer No then please skip the survey else continue"

Yes

May be

No

What type of functionality do you think will be best for increase in security?

Using username and fingerprint

Using only fingerprint



Using username, security question and fingerprint

"The system will authenticate the university lecturers or staff members using their fingerprint to

login into their university website accounts." Do you require training for using this system?

Yes

May be

No

Please suggest any other technology or system except biometrics to increase in security for

websites (Optional)



Question 1

Actual user response

Objective

Result Chart & table


Objective



Objective

Conclusion of analysis



Objective

7.0.3 Survey Analysis

How often do you access university websites?

If you answer "Never" please skip the survey else continue

Always

Sometimes

Never

The main objective of this question was to know how often lecturers access university

websites. From this developer will get an idea about how frequently the current system

(university websites) are been accessed by the users. Before developing the system for

university developer need to know about the usage of the current system by the users.

Most of the lecturers always access university website but few of them working as part time

lecturers access these website sometimes.

From the above graph and table developer concluded that most of the lectures always use

university websites to login into their accounts. But part time university lecturers some time

access university website as they are not required to mark attendance or check schedule

regularly. So the system that developer will design might be implemented into the university

websites which will be used regularly by the university lectures and other staff members.

Question1 No. of

response

Percentage

Always 31 91%

Sometimes 3 9%

Never 0 0%



Result Chart

Question 2


Objective

What is the main purpose for using university website?

The main objective for this question was to know the purpose of using university websites

by the lecturers. From this developer will get an idea about usability and functionality of

current system .

Maximum number of lecturers frequently uses the university websites for web mail, web

attendance and schedules as compared to library and web results.

Number of users



Number of users

Number of users

Number of users

Number of users



Question-2 Frequently used Seldom Never

Webmail 20 11 2

Web

attendance

30 0 2

Web results 6 16 11

Library 11 11 11

Schedules 30 2 1

Conclusion

From the analysis above developer concluded that maximum lecturer use web space

intranet for web-attendance and for checking time schedules. There are some services

like web results and library which users do not prefer to use much as compared to

other. The analysis above also shows about the usability of the system on regular basis.





Question 3

Objective

What are the major issues you face while login into university website



Performance (Delay in time while logging in)


The main objective of this question was to know about issue faced by the lecturers while

using university website. From this question developer will get an idea about the issues faced

by users so that developer should design such a system which can minimize the issues related

to current system

People may select more than one checkbox, so percentages

may add up to more than 100%

From the analysis developer concluded that, the system interface should be user friendly so

that users can easily access the information. There is an ardent need to implement the system

that can minimize the issues regarding university websites. Implementing fingerprint web

authentication system will help in minimize the security and performance issues faced by the

users. Using this system it will also effect in increase in performance in the current system.

The graphical user interface for the system will be designed in a very user friendly layout so

that users can easily get access to their information.

Question4 No. of

response

Percentage

GUI 12 35%

Security 26 76%

Performance 26 76%

Others 3 9%

While using university websites maximum users face issue regarding security (either they

forget their passwords or their accounts get compromised) and performance (delay in time).

Some lecturer faces GUI problems while using current system as it is hard to understand the

interface of the system.






Question 4


Objective

Logging into university websites using only username and passwords, do you think it

is secure as username and passwords can be easily acquired / hacked

o Agree with the above statement

o Disagree with the above statement

The main objective of the question was to know what users think about login security in

current system. The current system only uses username and passwords to login into their

accounts. From this developer will get an idea about what users think about current system as

it is secure or not to login into their accounts.

Maximum number of users disagrees with the statement as they think that it is not secure to

login into the accounts using only username and passwords as they can be easily acquired.

From the above analysis developer concluded that most of the users are not satisfied by the

current system login functionality as it only uses username and password the users thinks

that level of authentication while logging is not strong. So, yes there is a need of a system

which should be highly secure. The security can be implemented to the university website

by using fingerprint web authentication system which will increase the level of

authentication for the user using university websites for logging into their accounts.

Question4 No. of

response

Percentage

Agree 13 38%

Disagree 21 62%

Logging into university websites using only username and passwords, do you think it

is secure as username and passwords can be easily acquired / hacked

Disagree (21)

Agree (13)





Question 5


Objective

Do you think implementing biometric technology on university websites will increase

security?

Yes

May be

No

The main objective of this question was to understand what user thinks about implementing

the biometric technology for increase in security to university websites

Most of users think that implementing biometric technology will help in increase in security

of the university websites. As now these days information security is becoming an issue.

Do you think implementing biometric technology on university websites will increase

security? Question4 No. of

response

Percentage

Yes 24 71%

May be 10 29%

No 0 0%

From the analysis developer concluded implementing biometric technology will help in

increase in security. And more even using fingerprint technology also helps the users to have

fast and accurate access to the system.




Question 6


Objective




Using username , security question and fingerprint

Before developing the system the developer should know about which level of security

should be implemented for login into the current system. From this question developer will

also understand about what are the user’s requirements for login into the current system.

There was not much variation between the user’s response options but as most of the user

suggested to implement the username, fingerprint and security question for login functionality

of the system.

Question6 No. of

response

Percentage

Username &

finger print

13 38%

Only

Fingerprint

11 32%

Username ,

fingerprint &

security

question

10 29%

What type of functionality do you think will

be best for increase in security?

From the above analysis developer concluded that for login into the current system username

and fingerprint will be much better as it will easy to use and users need not spend much time

on login page by entering their details. But for the secondary login developer will implement

username, password and security question.





Question 7


Objective

"The system will authenticate the university lecturers or staff members

using their fingerprint to login into their university website accounts."

Yes

May be

No

Do you require training for using this system?

The main objective of the question was to know about the requirement for the new system

for the users. From this question developer will able to know whether the users need some

sort of training or user manual for the new system or not.

Not much variation was found in user’s response as most of the users require training for the

usage of new system.

Question4 No. of

response

Percentage

Yes 10 29%

May be 9 26%

No 12 35%

"The system will authenticate the university lecturers or staff members using their

fingerprint to login into their university website accounts."

Do you require training or user manual for using this system?

According to the analysis of users response developer decided to design a user manual for

the new system. If further assistance is required by the users then developer might conduct

training program for the users.




Question 8


Objective

Conclusion from survey

From the survey analysis developer concluded that the maximum number of users are familiar

with biometric technology. The usage of the current system is very high and users always use

the system, so the proposed system might be implemented to the current system which will

provide them better security. The proposed system will also minimize the performance and

security issues faced by the users. As the target users are university lecturers and staff

members, training and user manual will be provided for the new system.

From this question developer will be able to know about the other technologies used for

increase in website security and will also be able to compare the security potential among the

other technologies with the fingerprint web authentication system


websites

The level of authentication is very good.

TAC Number (like the ones used by banks),

Questions that only the user know the answer, Security Devices that generate a security

number (used by HSBC), digital signatures, third party verification

You can also have an add-on for the passwords to login into the websites.

The cost/benefit ratio and need for deployment of fingerprint readers for login needs to be

considered very carefully.

Alternatives approaches can be explored such as one-time pin via SMS for really critical

applications may be a simpler option. Image-based password, one-time password

From the users response and comments developer concluded that the level of authentication

used in the system is good and to increase the security potential the secondary login can have

the virtual keyboard or SMS pin sending technique which is widely used in most of the

banking websites.



7.1 Interview

7.1.1 Introduction The interview was successfully conducted with project manager of CTI Group Malaysia. The

interview was conducted on 19th

April 2011 at 10:00 AM. The developer had pre planned the

interview session with the project manager. The interview was recorded for the documentation

purpose and developer had designed questions for the interview. The interviewee had

tremendous experience for more than 14 years in Information in IT industry and also had done

some of the project related to biometric technology. The developer chose the project manager

for CTI Group because the current system running in the university was developed by the CTI

group and interviewee was the project manager for the system that has been implemented in the

university. So much information can be gathered regarding the current system which will be

helpful for the developer to analyse the current system.

7.1.2 Objective The main objective to conduct the interview was to gather detailed information about the

current system. From the interview developer will able to know about which programming

language and methodology should be suitable for the development of biometric fingerprint

system. The interview was conducted focusing on technical aspects of the current and proposed

system.



Question 2

Interviewer response

Question 3


Question 1


7.1.3 Interview Analysis The conversation before recording is mentioned in Appendix C

Kindly Specify your

Job Title and work experience

The interviewer is currently working as Project Manager in CTI group. The interviewer has

more than 14 years of experience in IT related projects. The interviewer also worked in

overseas related to the information security systems.

Have you worked on any project related to websites like web-space or intranet APIIT

Yes, currently we are working on new version of web-space with better GUI and using

https for increase in security. It will be very soon used by APIIT University; even we

have developed a training program for the lecturers and university staff members

regarding new web-space

Yes, currently also we are working on a new version of web-space with better GUI and

using https for increase in security. It will soon be used by APIIT University; even we

have developed a training program for the lecturers and university staff members

regarding new web-space

As my system is based on fingerprint web authentication system, do you think that this

system will enhance security and performance as compared to other technologies?

Yes, it can be a further step taken forward towards the security, as it can avoid the sniffer

tools and key-loggers. Yes, it is a solution to the current problems faced by the internet

users but as we focus on using this system overseas it can be problem using this system

as might possible that I do not use my notebook to login into this system.

Interviewee Response





Question 4

Interviewee response

Question 5


Question 6


Is there any other technology that can be used as solution for current problems in the

current system?

Yes, we can implement the SMS gateway that can send SMS to the lectures every time

they need to login into their accounts. But as this technology will be very expensive, we

cannot think to implement such a system for the university websites.

Have you done any projects based on biometric technology used by websites?

No, I did not use biometric technology on websites but Yes, I did work on biometric

projects. The project was designed for the government of Iraq which was regarding

voting system. As a part of team member we need to develop the system using C and

C++ languages as by that time C# was not used widely and was also having some bugs.

As your system was based on biometric fingerprint technology, can that system be

implemented as online voting system?

Yes, but they need to design the entire system again for E-Voting systems. The database

can remain the same as the user for E-voting system will be same.



Question 7


Question 8


Which programming language should be used for the designing the biometric web based

system?

Selecting a programming language does not matter a lot because the functionality of the

system will remain the same. As you are working on web based technology I would

prefer using dot net language like Asp.net for the web designing. You can use MS SQL

database for the designing the database. Using .net programming also limits you to

Microsoft windows based but if you are using java language it can work on any platform.

But using Asp.net is still better as java language it is more difficult to design the web

based system as compared to Asp.net.

As my system will using biometric finger print technology, which type of database should

be used for the web based biometric system

Selecting a database for the system also depends upon the device like if you scan the

fingerprint, it will convert it into the image format. You need to check the compatibility of

the biometric fingerprint device. I would prefer using MS-SQL because as your system is

web based MS-SQL provides much functionality as compared to MS-Access. You can

also use MS-Access but the functionality will be limited to the system.



Question 9


Conclusion for interview

Which methodology do you follow in the IT projects?

“I would suggest you to use waterfall methodology for your system because using this

methodology the process in the project will be well organized without finishing the first

step you cannot move to the next step. E.g: Our team was assigned to the develop a

system for accounts for APIIT but before the clients requirements were defined we started

the project , as the clients requirements does not match , we need to go back and start the

project again which causes wastage of time , money and resources. Using waterfall

methodology we process the project in a well-organized or structured manner.

Most of IT project use CMMI level 3 or level 5, this requires lots of documentations

which also include 41 pages of forms. It takes lots of time and resources to start and

project using CMMI, as per my experience each and every project by the end comes to the

waterfall methodology as they need to think again in the well-structured way to complete

the project within the given time frame.”

The interview was successfully conducted with the project manager of CTI Group. As per

the expert views and advice regarding my system the developer will choose ASP.Net as a

programming language for developing the system because as this system is web based and

using this programming language it will be better to develop the system and also provides

much functionality as compared to other programming languages. The developer will use

MS-SQL database for the system as it is also compatible with the hardware biometric

device and using this database will be much better as compared to MS-Access. For the

project, developer will choose waterfall methodology as this methodology also is well

structured in each and every stage and before completing previous stage the process

cannot move further.



Overall Conclusion for primary research

As per the primary research developer had great experience in questionnaires and survey.

Developer had the opportunity to learn more about the biometrics and is now clear with the

requirements of the system. As part of interview, developer decided to work on biometrics live

fingerprint device for the project. Developer will have a clear idea about the programming

language used, storing data in the database and fetching information from the biometric devices.

Developer needs to work on the software development kit (SDK) that comes with the devices

itself. The SDK will help the developer in development and functionality of the system. From

the survey developer concluded that there is less security provide in the current system and

some of the users sometimes face problems in the current system. For implementing the new

system the developer will look forwards towards the performance of the system. For further

assistance of the users developer might provide a user manual for the proposed system.



8 Design

8.0 Design Principles

Visibility:

The design should consist of all system functionality and tasks available. The design

should be visible to users without distracting them with unnecessary information. Good design

should not provide users with many different alternatives neither confuse them with the given

functionality. The visibility of the design is possible when you know how to operate the system

or device. The visibility of the design shows the inner and outer functionality of the working

system. The functions should be clear and should also able to differentiate between other

functions available in the system. The visibility depends upon the human behavior like on a

video or a web it is easy to achieve visibility.

Feedback:

The design should able to keep users up-to-date about the actions and explanation, design should

also mention about the change is conditions and bugs that deal with functionality of the system.

In system if there is any error the feedback should be given to the users. Feedback is very

important part of design principles.

The design should able to shows the users about the operations in the system:

How is user going to input in the system

What is user going to input in the system.

Consistency:

For the system we need to follow certain standards for developing the product, also need

to make sure about the actions and command performed within the application. In some

consequences like similar situations consistent sequence of actions are required. In design also

the developer needs to focus on color, layout design, fonts and figures. Exception, like no

duplication of passwords and when delete any user should perform the double check function to

delete.



Constraint:

It is a property of object to use the system is limited number of ways. It also helps the

user to minimize the possibility of making errors. The designer needs to make sure that users

should not make errors while using the system. The interface of the system should be easily

accessible and clear to the users.

When the interface of the system is consistent the users will able to learn faster and comfortable

with the system very quickly. Maintaining consistency in the system includes:

The layout of screen

The navigational functions

The graphic designs

The use of images

Mechanism of the system

Consistent design



8.1 Diagrams

8.1.1 Context Level Diagram

APIIT INRANETUsers AdminLogin Login

Authenticate and Process Services

Authenticate and Process Services

8.1.2 0 Level Diagrams

User Admin

Login System

Process Service

Logins

Logins

Database

Search

Availability

Process ServiceProvides



8.1.3 1 level Diagram

User Admin

Username / fingerprint

Username / fingerprint / security

answer

Database

User services Admin Services

Logins Logins

Logins Logins

Search



8.1.4 2 Level Diagram

User Admin

Username / fingerprint

Username / fingerprint / security

answer

Database

Academic Operations Register New user

Login Login

Login Login

Search

Academic administration

Web and Email

Search user

Delete user

Administrator ServicesStaff Services



8.2 Inner System Functionality

8.2.1 Context level Diagram

8.2.2 Initial class diagram

Web Fingerprint System

Administrator

Logins

Authentication Report

Logins

Process

Report

Users

Fingerprint Reorganization

Delete Database

Error Messages

Fingerprint Reorganization

8.2.3 Final class diagram

Enroll

Fingerprint

Identification

Feature extraction

Verification

Matching



8.2.4 Administrator ELH

Administrator

Add new

Staff

Delete

existing Staff

Administrator

Profile

*Do Fingerprint

Recognition

0

Database

information

0

Delete

Database

Search

existing Staff



8.2.5 User ELH

User

Profile

Registration Profile Deletion

*User Profile

Do Fingerprint

RecognitionView Services



9 Implementation Website Home Page

Description: The page illustrate above is home page for the website which contains login

button. Menu bar which contains Home , About us and Contact us

Coding: </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="BodyContent" runat="server" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent"> <h2> Welcome to the WEBSPACE-intranet&nbsp <asp:Menu ID="NavigationMenu" runat="server" CssClass="menu" EnableViewState="false" IncludeStyleBlock="false" Orientation="Horizontal"> <asp:MenuItem NavigateUrl="~/LogInPage.aspx" ToolTip="Home" Text="Login"></asp:MenuItem> </Items> </asp:Menu> <asp:Panel ID="Panel1" runat="server" BackImageUrl="~/apiitmain.PNG" Height="191px"> </asp:Panel>



About Page

Description: The page illustrated above tells about university employability , technology ,

innovation , professional and fun

Coding: <asp:Content ID="HeaderContent" runat="server" ContentPlaceHolderID="HeadContent"> <style type="text/css"> .style2 </style> </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="BodyContent" runat="server" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent"> <h2> About Us</h2> <p> <img alt="" class="style2" src="about.PNG" /></p> <p> </p>



Login Page

Description: The image illustrated above shows the APIIT Intranet login system. The user

needs to enter the username and fingerprint image to login into the system

Coding: Dim U1 As Char Dim connection As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection connection.ConnectionString = ("Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=C:\Users\Ivneet\Desktop\Ivneet_Singh_FYP_Final_Version1.1.2\App_Data\FingerprintDatabase.mdf;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=30;User Instance=True") Dim command As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand command.CommandText = ("SELECT Username,Fingerprint FROM FingerprintDetailsTable WHERE Username = '" & TextBox1.Text & "'AND Fingerprint = '" & FileUpload1.FileName & "'") command.Connection = connection connection.Open() Dim reader As SqlDataReader = command.ExecuteReader() If reader.Read = True Then U1 = TextBox1.Text Server.Transfer("StaffPage.aspx") ElseIf TextBox1.Text = "admin" And FileUpload1.FileName = "110_4.tif" Then Server.Transfer("AdminPage.aspx") Else MsgBox("Access Denied ,Try Again!") TextBox1.Text = "" End If

Username: This field

should not be

emptyResult Chart &

table Finger pattern: Enroll

fingerprint image from

database

If username and

fingerprint is not null

then login into system

Cancel: This button will

cancel the current

operation



Secondary Login Page

Admin Login

Username: This field

should not be empty

Security question: From

dropdown list user need

to select the question

Security: This field

should not be empty

Password: This field

should not be empty

If username and

fingerprint is not null then

login into system

If username, password

and security answer is

not null then login into

system



Description: The image illustrative above shows the services provided to the

administrator for adding new staff , search for staff and delete the staff

Coding: <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="HeadContent" Runat="Server"> </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" Runat="Server"> <p> welcome admin </p> <asp:Menu ID="NavigationMenu" runat="server" CssClass="menu" EnableViewState="false" IncludeStyleBlock="false" Orientation="Horizontal"> <Items> <asp:MenuItem NavigateUrl="~/AddStaff.aspx" ToolTip="Home" Text="Add New Staff"></asp:MenuItem> <asp:MenuItem NavigateUrl="~/SearchStaff.aspx" Text="Search Staff Details"/> <asp:MenuItem Text="Delete Staff Details" Value="Contact" NavigateUrl="~/DeleteStaff.aspx"> </asp:MenuIt </Items>p:Menu> <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" BackColor="White" BorderColor="#003366" ForeColor="#003366" Text="Logout" /> </asp:Content>



Add new Staff

Description: The image illustrated above shows the fields required to register new staff into

the APIIT intranet system. The administrator will have the rights to register

new staff into the database.

Coding: Dim myconn1 As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection myconn1.ConnectionString = ("Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=C:\Users\Ivneet\Desktop\Ivneet_Singh_FYP_Final_Version1.1.2\App_Data\FingerprintDatabase.mdf;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=30;User Instance=True") Dim scomma1 As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand scomma1.Connection = myconn1 scomma1.CommandText = ("INSERT INTO FingerprintDetailsTable(Username, Password, SecurityQuestion, SecurityAnswer,Fingerprint) VALUES('" & TextBox1.Text & "','" & TextBox2.Text & "','" & DropDownList2.Text & "','" & TextBox4.Text & "','" & FileUpload1.FileName & "') ") myconn1.Open() Dim sdr1 As SqlDataReader = scomma1.ExecuteReader If True Then MsgBox("Saved in Database") Else MsgBox("Access Denied ,Try Again!") End If

User needs to enter their

name

Users need to enter their

password for

registration

Users need to choose

any security question for

login

For the chosen security

question user needs to

mention the answer in this

field

Adding fingerprint

image to a database for

new user

To add a new user into

the database, press this

button



Search Staff

Description: The image illustrated above search already registered staff details from the

database

Coding: Data

Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=|DataDirectory|\FingerprintDatabas

e.mdf;Integrated Security=True;User Instance=True

Search from fingerprint_table where username= ” ”

If true then search result else display=”no match found”

This button will navigate

admin back to service

page

This button will search

for staff in the database



Delete Staff

Description: The image illustrated above is to delete the already registered staff from the

database.

Coding: Dim myconn1 As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection myconn1.ConnectionString = ("Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=C:\Users\Ivneet\Desktop\Ivneet_Singh_FYP_Final_Version1.1.2\App_Data\FingerprintDatabase.mdf;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=30;User Instance=True") Dim scomma1 As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand scomma1.Connection = myconn1 scomma1.CommandText = ("DELETE FROM FingerprintDetailsTable WHERE Username = '" & TextBox1.Text & "'") myconn1.Open() Dim sdr1 As SqlDataReader = scomma1.ExecuteReader MsgBox("Deleted From Database")

This button will navigate

admin back to service

page

This button will search

for staff in the database

This button will delete

the staff from database



Staff Services Page

Description: The image illustrated above shows the services provided to staff in APIIT

Intranet

Coding: <asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" Runat="Server"> <p> <strong>Welcome Staf ; <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="Logout" /> </p> <asp:Panel ID="Panel2" runat="server" BackImageUrl="~/intranet.PNG" Height="363px" style="margin-left: 0px" Width="901px"> </asp:Panel> <p> </strong></p> <asp:Panel ID="Panel1" runat="server"> </asp:Panel>



10 Testing

10.0 Unit testing:

10.0.1 Test case: Username Function Task Condition Expected Result Actual Result Comments

Username

Login

Enter username for

login into the system

Open login

system and

enter

username

The application

should able to

open the login

system by clicking

login button on

homepage and

then user enters

username in the

system

The application

allowed user to

type username

in the textbox

available in

login system.

Username was

successfully

entered with no

errors

Enter username and cancel The application

should able to

navigate back to

website home

page.

The application

navigated to

website home

page.

If the users enters

the username and

press cancel

button then it

should navigate

the users to home

page.



10.0.2 Test case: Loading image Function Task Condition Expected Result Actual Result Comments

Upload /

browse

image

Click on browse

Image button

Browse the

image , select

and open

The application

should be able to

browse the image

from a new

window and select

the image from

fingerprint

database located in

the hard drive.

The application

should allow

browse , select

and open the

image

Image was

uploaded

successfully with

no errors.

Browse, select image and cancel The application

should be able to

navigate back to

website home page.

The application

navigated to

website home

page.

If the users enters

the username and

selects the image

and press cancel

button then it

should navigate

the users to home

page.

Select anything other than

fingerprint image for example any

document

or music/video

The application

should display an

error message box

As expected

The system

displays an error

message box

If the user select

any other format

except than .if the

system displays

an error message

box .



10.1 Unit testing:

10.1.1 Test case: Username and fingerprint image Function Task Condition Expected Result Actual Result Comments

Login Enter username and

fingerprint to login

into the system

Open login

system and

enter

username

and upload

fingerprint

The application

should be able to

open the login

page by clicking

login button

available on

homepage and

then user enters

username and

uploads the

fingerprint image

in the system

The application

should accept

the username

and fingerprint

image and then

look for a match

in database.

Username and

fingerprint image

was successfully

entered with no

errors

Enter username and fingerprint ;

press cancel

The application

should be able to

navigate back to

website home

page.

The application

navigated to

website home

page.

If the users enters

the username and

uploads

fingerprint image

press cancel

button then it

should navigate

the users to home

page.

Enter wrong username and

fingerprint image

The application

should detect the

invalid user and

prompt the

message box

“Access deny, try

again!”

The application

detected the

invalid user and

prompt the

message box

“Access deny,

try again!”

Wrong username

and fingerprint

image was

uploaded to login

into the website,

Message box

appeared

“Access deny, try

again!”



10.1.2 Test case: Adding new staff to database (For Administrator) Task Condition Expected Result Actual Result Comments

Click on

Add new

staff to

register new

staff in the

database

Add username ,

password ,

security answer

and fingerprint

image into a

valid class

number of

database

A display box

should prompt

saying “Saved to

database”

Display box

appears “user

already exists”.

As expected

A display message

box appears

describing the

success adding new

users to database

and also displaying

in the table.

While registering

the new staff if staff

enters the username

and uploads the

fingerprint that

already exists in

database it will

display a message

that user already

exists.

The register

function for adding

new staff is working

properly with no

errors

If user enters

username or

uploads fingerprint

image twice into the

database it will

shows message box

with user already

exists.

If enters the

same details

that already

exists in

database

Enter invalid

char for

username

example any

special

character like (!

@,$,etc.)

An error message

should display

As expected

When the user enters

anything except

character or integer

the system should

displays error

message box.

If the user selects

any special

character or symbol

for username the

system generates an

error message.



Without

uploading

image to

register new

staff and press

Add to

database

Button.

An error message

should be

displayed fill all

details for new

staff registration.

As expected an error

message box

appeared that says

fill all details for

new staff

registration.

If the user doesn’t

select any image

and press - add to

database button

error box is

displayed which

says fill all details

for new staff

registration.

10.1.3 Test case: Search staff in database Task Condition Expected Result Actual Result Comments

Click on

search staff

button

If database

exists

If staff exists the

search button will

display the staff

details

As expected

Staff username was

entered for search, if

staff exists in

database display

details.

If the administrator

of the system wants

to know the

information of the

staff in database

then this button will

be pressed which

will show staff

details.

If database

does not

exist

Nothing will be

displayed

As expected an

No information will

be displayed

If administrator of

the system want to

know that if staff

username is

available in

database or no, by

clicking on search

information will be

retrieved.



10.1.4 Test case: Delete staff from database Task Condition Expected Result Actual Result Comments

Click on

delete staff

button

If staff is

available in

database

If staff exists the

search button will

display the staff

details and then

administrator can

delete the staff.

As expected

Staff username was

entered for search, if

staff exists in

database display

details and

administrator deletes

the staff from

database.

If the administrator

of the system wants

to delete the

information of the

staff in database

then this button will

be pressed which

will delete staff

details.

If staff is

not

available in

database.

Nothing will be

displayed on search

As expected an

No information will

be displayed on

search and delete

If administrator of

the system wants to

delete the staff

available in

database clicking on

delete will delete the

staff from database.

10.1.5 Test case: Troubleshooting login (Secondary login) Task Condition Expected Result Actual Result Comments

Click on

Troubleshooting

Login

If users do not

want to use

secondary

login system

or fingerprint

does not work

Enter username ,

password , security

answer to login into

the webspace

account

As expected

Staff username,

password and

security answers

were entered for

login.

The login using

username, password

and security answer

was successful.



10.1.6 Test case: Fingerprint matching Task Condition Expected

Result

Actual Result Comments

Click on

login Button

Without

selecting an

iris image

An error

message box

should appear

An error message box

appears displays that

–“Access denied”

To do login fingerprint

image has to be selected

and then the login button

should be pressed so that

system can match it

from the database and

login into the system.

Select an

fingerprint

image but

database is

empty

An error

message box

should appear

As expected

An error message box

“Access Denied” was

displayed

If the user selects any

fingerprint image for

login but database is

empty then the system

will not perform the

matching from the

database.

Select a

fingerprint

image to do

login into the

system.

A result

should be

displayed

As expected

The login should be

successful if there is

matching between

fingerprint and

username.

If any fingerprint image

is selected of a user and

that users image is

already stored to

database then the

matching result will be

displayed.



10.2 Integration testing



10.2.1 Requirements Testing:



10.3 System testing

10.3.1 Stress Testing



11 Critical Evaluation

11.0 Degree of success

Analysing degree of success for this project was not an easy task as it will be partial to compare

the products which are already available in the market with this project. The success criteria are

measured by the objective and deliverables of the proposed system. The development of the

project developer needs to fulfil the basic requirements of the system and should able to deliver it

with full working functionality. Developer was able to complete most of the objectives

mentioned in the project.

This project itself was challenging tasks for the developer to develop fingerprint web based

authentication system. This type of web system has not yet been implemented on any of the

websites. Still the research is going on developing the web based fingerprint application.

Although lots of work is been done on biometric technology but still implementing biometric

technology fingerprint has been still a part of research. Developer also faced some problems in

research as the articles and journals were limited and some of the journals and articles require

paid access. According to the analysis of the system the success rate of the project was good but

security potential was not much high as name based matching was done for authentication of the

fingerprint images.

11.0.1 Limitations of the system

The system developed is only capable to match from one database only. This system is not using

any biometric device for scanning fingerprint image. A dummy database was downloaded for

fingerprint match. The feature extraction functionality was not possible without fingerprint

device and SDK. The system has less security potential as it is using name base fingerprint

matching. The fingerprint image only with format .tif can be added to database system. The

further functionality of the website functions like web attendance and web results were not

created as this system was just a prototype and the main objective was to develop login system.



11.0.2 Future enhancement

1. Implementing the enrolment and feature extraction for the fingerprint detection with

device.

2. Using the hardware for fingerprint scan like biometric fingerprint reader.

3. Full functionality of the website working with the fingerprint login system.

4. Increase in the performance of the system with implementing more advance algorithms.

5. Detecting the variations of the fingerprint according to pressure, arch, cuts and dust.

6. Implementing the encryption algorithm for the image conversation.

11.0.3 Main computational challenge

Main challenge for the developer was to understand the functionality of the fingerprint matching

and techniques applied for the feature extraction from the image. The feature extraction process

involves very complicated process and lots of research required to understand the functionality

of the fingerprint system.

The main objective was to provide internet security to the users hence implementing this new

system will be helpful improving internet security. Implementing web based biometric

technology was very difficult task for the developer because it requires running a desktop based

application on the web page. Developer would require to purchase the Bio-plugin and Active x

pro for development of the web based biometric technology which price very high. So, developer

decided to make a prototype of the system without using hardware with name based pattern

image matching for the system.



12 References a) Green, Nathan A. Green, 2005. ESTABLISHING PUBLIC CONFIDENCE IN THE

VIABILITY OF FINGERPRINT BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY. ESTABLISHING

PUBLIC CONFIDENCE IN THE VIABILITY OF FINGERPRINT BIOMETRIC

TECHNOLOGY, [Online]. 31, 183. Available at:

http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd919.pdf [Accessed 16 December 2010].

b) Jain, Anil, 2001. Personal Identification . Biometric Society, [Online]. 5, 20. Available

at:http://81.70.242.211/eab/manual/Publisher/Kluwer%20www.kluweronline.com/biom

etrics%20personal%20identification%20in%20networked%20society%2097807923834

51%2026558%20c20070107%20%5B422%5D.pdf[Accessed 17 December 2010]

c) Kolodg, Charles , 2001. Biometrics: You Are Your Own Key. Biometrics: You Are Your

Own Key, [Online]. 1, 4. Available

at: http://citm.utdallas.edu/research/Publications/white_papers_source/Biometrics.pdf [A

ccessed 16 December 2010]

d) W. Lewi, Josep, 2002. Biometrics for Secure Identity . Trends and Developments,

[Online]. 13, 26. Available

at: http://faculty.ed.umuc.edu/~meinkej/inss690/lewis.pdf [Accessed 17 December

2010]

e) O’GORMA, LAWRENC, 2003. Comparing Passwords, Tokens, and Biometrics for

User Authentication, [Online]. 3, 20. Available at:

http://isis.poly.edu/~kurt/01246384.pdf [Accessed 17 December 2010]

f) T. Eskridg, Ellise , 2003. BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY. TECHNOLOGY, [Online].

Types of Biometric Technologie, 20. Available

at: http://faculty.ed.umuc.edu/~sdean/ProfPaps/Bowie/S09/Eskridge.pdf[Accessed 18

December 2010].

g) Eyenetwatch. 2005. Bio Web-Server. [ONLINE] Available

at:http://www.eyenetwatch.com/Biowebserver/fingerprint_authentication.htm. [Accessed

30 December 10]

http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd919.pdf

http://81.70.242.211/eab/manual/Publisher/Kluwer%20www.kluweronline.com/biometrics%20personal%20identification%20in%20networked%20society%209780792383451%2026558%20c20070107%20%5B422%5D.pdf



http://citm.utdallas.edu/research/Publications/white_papers_source/Biometrics.pdf

http://faculty.ed.umuc.edu/~meinkej/inss690/lewis.pdf

http://isis.poly.edu/~kurt/01246384.pdf

http://faculty.ed.umuc.edu/~sdean/ProfPaps/Bowie/S09/Eskridge.pdf

http://www.eyenetwatch.com/Biowebserver/fingerprint_authentication.htm



h) K. Jain, Anil, 2006. Fingerprint. Matching, [Online]. 38, 44. Available

at:http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/Publications/Fingerprint/JainFpMatching_IEEEComp1

0.pdf [Accessed 02 January 2011]

i) Technology, National Science , 2006. Fingerprint . Matching, [Online]. 3, 13. Available

at: http://www.biometrics.gov/Documents/fingerprintrec.pdf [Accessed 05 January

2011].

j) tech, Fingertech, 2009. FINGERPRINT. TECHNOLOGY WHITE PAPER, [Online]. 1-9,

9. Available at: http://www.biometrics.gov/Documents/fingerprintrec.pdf [Accessed 08

January 2011].

k) . 2011. . [ONLINE] Available at:

http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/Partners/Perinatal/PDFs/Guide%20to%20Life%20Appendi

x%20C.pdf. [Accessed 18 January 2011].

l) Sorensen, Reed , 1995. Software Development. A Comparison of Software Development

Methodologies, [Online]. 1-14, 14. Available at:

http://ece.arizona.edu/~ece473/readings/2-

Comparison%20of%20Software%20Development%20Methodologies.doc [Accessed 20

January 2011].

m) Debate – .NET V. PHP: Top 6 Reasons to Use .NET Article » SitePoint. 2011. Debate –

.NET V. PHP: Top 6 Reasons to Use .NET Article » SitePoint. [ONLINE] Available at:

http://www.sitepoint.com/v-php-top-6-reasons-use-net/. [Accessed 05 Feburary 2011].

n) Stan Z. Li, Anil K. Jain, 2009. "Encyclopedia of Biometrics". 2nd ed. ISBN: 0387730028

: Springer.

o) Newman, Robert , 2010. Security and Access Control Using Biometric Technologies. 2nd

ed. ISBN-10: 1435496671: Delmar Learning.

http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/Publications/Fingerprint/JainFpMatching_IEEEComp10.pdf

http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/Publications/Fingerprint/JainFpMatching_IEEEComp10.pdf

http://www.biometrics.gov/Documents/fingerprintrec.pdf

http://www.biometrics.gov/Documents/fingerprintrec.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/Partners/Perinatal/PDFs/Guide%20to%20Life%20Appendix%20C.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/Partners/Perinatal/PDFs/Guide%20to%20Life%20Appendix%20C.pdf

http://ece.arizona.edu/~ece473/readings/2-Comparison%20of%20Software%20Development%20Methodologies.doc

http://ece.arizona.edu/~ece473/readings/2-Comparison%20of%20Software%20Development%20Methodologies.doc

http://www.sitepoint.com/v-php-top-6-reasons-use-net/



13 Appendix A

Coding

Add function Dim myconn1 As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection myconn1.ConnectionString = ("Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=C:\Users\Ivneet\Desktop\Ivneet_Singh_FYP_Final_Version1.1.2\App_Data\FingerprintDatabase.mdf;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=30;User Instance=True") Dim scomma1 As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand scomma1.Connection = myconn1 scomma1.CommandText = ("INSERT INTO FingerprintDetailsTable(Username, Password, SecurityQuestion, SecurityAnswer,Fingerprint) VALUES('" & TextBox1.Text & "','" & TextBox2.Text & "','" & DropDownList2.Text & "','" & TextBox4.Text & "','" & FileUpload1.FileName & "') ") myconn1.Open() Dim sdr1 As SqlDataReader = scomma1.ExecuteReader If True Then MsgBox("Saved in Database") Else MsgBox("Access Denied ,Try Again!") End If

Search function

If true then search result else display=”no match found”

Delete function

Dim myconn1 As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection myconn1.ConnectionString = ("Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=C:\Users\Ivneet\Desktop\Ivneet_Singh_FYP_Final_Versi

Data

Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=|DataDirectory|\FingerprintDatabase.mdf;Integrate

d Security=True;User Instance=True

Search from fingerprint_table where username= ” ”



on1.1.2\App_Data\FingerprintDatabase.mdf;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=30;User Instance=True") Dim scomma1 As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand scomma1.Connection = myconn1 scomma1.CommandText = ("DELETE FROM FingerprintDetailsTable WHERE Username = '" & TextBox1.Text & "'") myconn1.Open() Dim sdr1 As SqlDataReader = scomma1.ExecuteReader MsgBox("Deleted From Database")

Login function

Dim U1 As Char Dim connection As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection connection.ConnectionString = ("Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=C:\Users\Ivneet\Desktop\Ivneet_Singh_FYP_Final_Version1.1.2\App_Data\FingerprintDatabase.mdf;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=30;User Instance=True") Dim command As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand command.CommandText = ("SELECT Username,Fingerprint FROM FingerprintDetailsTable WHERE Username = '" & TextBox1.Text & "'AND Fingerprint = '" & FileUpload1.FileName & "'") command.Connection = connection connection.Open() Dim reader As SqlDataReader = command.ExecuteReader() If reader.Read = True Then U1 = TextBox1.Text Server.Transfer("StaffPage.aspx") ElseIf TextBox1.Text = "admin" And FileUpload1.FileName = "110_4.tif" Then Server.Transfer("AdminPage.aspx") Else MsgBox("Access Denied ,Try Again!") TextBox1.Text = "" End If



14 Appendix B

14.0 Gantt chart

# Tasks Days Start Finish % Cost Assignments 1 Introduction to Study 3 11/22/2010 11/24/2010 0 $0.00

2 Background to the Project 3 11/25/2010 11/29/2010 0 $0.00

3 Problem Finding 11 11/30/2010 12/14/2010 0 $0.00

4 Literature Review 10 12/16/2010 12/29/2010 0 $0.00

5 Primary Research 18 12/30/2010 1/24/2011 0 $0.00

6 Secondary Research 15 1/25/2011 2/14/2011 0 $0.00

7 Analysis 21 5/4/2011 6/1/2011 0 $0.00

8 Design 12 6/3/2011 6/20/2011 0 $0.00

9 Implementation 7 6/21/2011 6/29/2011 0 $0.00

10 Testing 5 6/24/2011 6/30/2011 0 $0.00

11 Critical Evaluation 2 7/1/2011 7/4/2011 0 $0.00

12 Conclusion 1 7/4/2011 7/4/2011 0 $0.00



15 Appendix C

15.0 Survey Design

Fingerprint Web Authentication System

This survey is carried out as partial fulfilment for the cause of bachelor's degree research. The

research is entitled as “Fingerprint Web Authentication System ". Objective of this survey is to

collect data from the lectures working in the university and also to know importance of

implementing security into university websites. The data is needed to know about the

importance, security and usability of biometric systems. The Fingerprint Web Authentication

System will authenticate the lecturers using their fingerprint while logging into the university

website. This system will help in increase in security on websites as much confidential

information is been available. I hereby declare that all your personal information will be kept

confidential.

Kindly Specify your personal Information * Job Title and Work Experience

How often do you use your university websites? * If you answer "Never" please skip the survey

else continue

Always

Sometimes

Never



What is the main purpose for using university websites?

Frequently

used Seldom Never

Web-mail

Web attendance

Web results

Library

Schedules

What are the major issues you face while login into university website "You can choose multiple

options"



Performance (Delay in time while login)


Logging into university websites using only username and passwords, do you think it is secure as

username and passwords can be easily acquired / hacked If "Agree" with above statement ,

please specify your comments

Agree with above statement

Disagree with above statement



Do you think implementing biometric technology on university websites will increase security

“If you answer No then please skip the survey else continue"

Yes

May be

No




Using username, security question and fingerprint

"The system will authenticate the university lecturers or staff members using their fingerprint to

login into their university website accounts." Do you require training for using this system?

Yes

May be

No


websites (Optional)



15.1 Online Survey Analysis



15.2 Interview Date: 19

th April 2011 Time: 10:00 AM – 10:45 AM

Interviewee: (Project Manager CTI Group) Location: CTI Group

Y: interviewee K: Interviewer

K: Good Morning! Mr. Sir! My name is Ivneet Singh

Y: Good Morning! You can call me Reza!

K: Ok, Mr. Reza! First, I would like to thank you for allowing me to conduct interview

Y: You are most welcome!

Y: Would you like to have some coffee or tea!

K: No, Thanks a lot sir

Y: Hope you don’t mind if one of my employee wants to join!

K: No sir, in fact it will be a great idea

Y: ok!

K: Sir! Can I record our interview conversation for my documentation purpose?

Y: yes sure! But is it really necessary

K: It will be very helpful for me for further documentation in my project

“The rest of the detailed conversation is being recorded and documented in analysis part.”



16 Appendix D

16.0 Project Specification Form

Project Specification Form (PSF)

Name : Ivneet Singh

Student ID : TP023861

Title :

Next Generation Web-Authentication System By Emerging Biometric

Technology

Supervisor : Indah Nadialenny Binti Mohd Ismail

A. Title:

Next Generation Web-Authentication System By Emerging Biometric Technology

B. Brief description on project background. (.i.e. problem context, rationale, description of

problem area, nature of challenge)

Now day’s internet is being used widely, and online users are increasing rapidly. Through

internet people do things like banking, shopping, communications, manage their business and

other confidential data is also being transfer through internet.

Current problems:

1. Internet accounts get compromised (Hacking of accounts like email accounts , social

networking accounts , banking accounts).

2. Frauds happening all around the internet.

3. Sometimes users forget their account user-name or passwords.

4. Not able to authenticate genuine user

5. Hackers mostly use sniffer tools on the network to hack into someone’s account and get their

personal information. There are many tools available that can track your activity that you are

performing on PC or laptop while you are working, it can even store the keystrokes like which

keys you are using while entering your user-name and password.

Current solution in market:

1. Companies comes up with sign-in seals on their account to verify the user.

2. Some banks sends SMS with password every time you want to login in your account.

3. To prevent key loggers some people use anti-virus and firewalls but some key loggers are

not detected by anti-viruses and firewalls.

Developer might come up with a new solution that might help internet users to be safe, so that

they can use internet safely and can perform several operations on internet like banking (money

transfer), shopping (buy and sell products) etc. Developer might face big challenges to build up

such an application which will authenticate online user on website using biometric technology.

User will be recognizing on their thumb impression, they need not to login or remember their



username and password every time they login. They just need thumb impression to be

recognized and authenticated.

This is business oriented project that can help the companies and domestic users to be safe on

internet world. This system will be one step ahead for improving the security problem in the

current system as the system might authenticate the user using biometric technology. The

developer might develop a dummy data for the biometric database which might consists the

biometric details of the users that are thumb prints.

C. Brief description of project objectives.

(i.e. scope of proposal and deliverables)

The Motto of the project is: "Providing Internet Security "

The scope of the project is to design and develop a biometric authentication system in order to

eliminate the current problems related to internet security.

The aim of the project is to develop a biometric authentication system.

The objectives of the project are:

1. To improve security for internet users using thumb recognizing.

2. To prevent the happening of fraudulent activities such as hacking of accounts passwords and

misuse them

3. To obtain fast and accurate authentication results that is cost effective.

Proposed system: This system will be prototypical implementation of real system

In order to solve the major problems facing the manual authenticating system, the developer

would at least deliver the following as core functions of the system:

1. Users biometric database: This function will add/edit and store biometric details such as

(thumb) biometric information of users.

2. Users authentication: This function will identify the user and grant access to their account. It

will identify the person’s biometric details from database and authenticate respectively.

However, in addition to the above mentioned core functions, if sufficient time and resources

are available for the developer after having completed the core functions, the developer will

also attempt to implement the following enhancement functions and special features, though

these features are out of scope of the project.

Enhancement Functions:



1. Designing full website for login using bio-metric.

2. Face recognizes system integrated with proposed system.

Special Features:

1. Authenticate users while login

2. User really don’t need to remember there ID and Password while login into their accounts

The project will deliver the following as project deliverable:

A biometric authentication system consisting at minimum the above mentioned core functions.

Technical documentation and user manual of the system.

D. Brief description of the resources needed by the proposal.

(i.e. hardware, software, access to information / expertise, user involvement etc.)

Hardware resources:

A computer system with a J2EE Integrated Development Environment (NetBeans bundled with

the application and database server would be sufficient) is required to design and develop the

system.

A biometric thumb reader will be required to test the biometric authentication function if this

function is going to be implemented in the system.

Technical requirements:

Components Specifications

COMPUTER

Laptop – Sony vaio

Backup - Lenovo

Processor

Minimum

2.1 GHz

32 bit

Intel Core 2 Duo processor

Recommended

2.4 GHz and above

32 bit and above

Core 2 Duo , Core 2 Quad and later

RAM

2 GB or more

Hard Disk



250 GB or less

Software resources

Environments Specifications

Visual studio 2010

HTML

C#

Asp.net

Net Beans 06

ORACLE/ SQL 2010

User Involvement:

Students

University lecturers

E. Academic research being carried out and other information, techniques being learnt.

(i.e. what are the names of books you are going to read / data sets you are going to use)

The project would require the developer to do research and strengthen the understanding on the

following areas of knowledge, both domain and as well as technical research areas, without

which the developer will not be able to deliver a good academic project.

Domain Research:

1) Existing biometric systems will be analyzed and research in these field will be done.

Technical Research:

Thumb Recognition: Research is required on how thumb recognition function can be built into

the system.

Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS): Research on the different RDBMS is

important to determine which database is most appropriate to be used in this particular

scenario.

Fault Tolerance: This area is important for research because this characteristic is of utmost

importance due to the nature of the system (authenticating systems cannot tolerate any down

time during its operation).

System Development Methodologies: Research needs to be done to examine different system

development methodologies and determine which methodology best suits this project. This

might require the developer to combine tools and techniques used in different methodologies

and to come up with a hybrid methodology.

The following is an initial list of resources the developer plans to use to do research on the

afore mentioned technical areas;



Books:

1. Harry Henderson,1998. Systems Analysis and Design Methods. 4th ed. The McGraw-Hill

Companies, Inc.

2. Gosselin and Don , 2000 . ASP.NET programming with C# & SQL server.

3. C. J. Gahan , January 2004 . BT Technology Journal , Volume 22 Issue 1 . The Kluwer

Academic Publishers

4. John Chirillo and Scott Blaul , April 2003.Implementing Biometric Security, 1 edition

The Hungry Minds , Inc

F. Brief description of the development plan for the proposed project.

(i.e. which software methodology and why, the major areas of functions to be developed

and the order in which developed)

Waterfall model has well-structured and clear cut stages.

These stages can be completed step by step as top down approach.

This gives a clear picture even for the novice developer as the stages are very straight forward,

so the developer can plan in detail what activities to do at each stage in turn and even set a

schedule to complete individual stages.

Development activities cannot be carried out in parallel as the project will be done by one

developer and therefore a step by step approach would be more appropriate.

Biometric systems are very straight forward in terms of its functionality. Once the requirements

are identified it can be frozen without any hassle therefore there is almost zero chance for a

scope creep to happen due to the static nature of the system.

Requirement Phase:

In the analysis phase the developer will study the current system and define the requirements

for the new system. The problems will be clearly defined and the deliverable at the end of this

phase will be a requirement document. This stage includes a detailed study of the business

needs of the aviation. The developer will make a set of interview questionnaires which is

required to be filled by the client. The focus of the questionnaire is to understand the business

processes, the activities and also to investigate the problems in the current system.

Design Phase:

The input for the design phase is the requirement document resulting from the requirements

phase. During this phase the developer will select the algorithms and data structures will be

chosen. The internal data flows will also be determined. The developer might decompose the

system into modules and design these modules with well-defined interfaces to other modules.

The developer might use object-oriented design techniques. The deliverables of this stage will

be the architectural design and detailed design documents.



Implementation Phase:

The input to this stage is the design documents produced during the design phase. In this phase

the developer will code the various component modules according to the design documents.

G. Brief description of the evaluation and test plan for the proposed project.

(i.e. what is the success criteria and how will be evaluated & implementation will be

tested, indicate the estimated size of the demonstration/test database)

The functions/features will be tested by using dummy data on testing simulators. The project

will be considered as successful if the test results for the core functions show success status in

all types of tests that are performed. After the implementation of the system, it will be tested by

the users .

Comments:

A basic idea of the proposed project is clear. Can continue with the research and development.



16.1 Log Sheets

Meeting: 1



Meeting: 2



Meeting: 3



Meeting: 4



Meeting: 5



Meeting: 6

16.2 Ethics Form

Final Fyp Print

Documents

Transcript of Final Fyp Print