FINAL EXAM REVIEW

Metric rulerMeasures lengthMm, cm, m Triple Beam Balance

Measures Massg, kg

Graduated cylinderMeasures volumemL or L

1. For each instrument below, identify its name, what it measures, and the metric unit it measures in.

Mass = 137.4 gm

2. What is the mass of the object on this TBB?

a. Identify the method used.DISPLACEMENT

b. What is measured?VOLUME OF AN IRREGULAR SOLID

c. Identify the units.mL or cm3

d. What is the volume of the rock?

10 mL

3.

a. Volume of water:

4.2mL

b. Volume of water with dinosaur:

5.6mL

c. Volume of dinosaur

1.4mL

4.

V = L x W x H3cm x 2cm x 5cm

30.0cm3

5. Calculate volume. Show all work.

6. Why are the icebergs floating?

They are less dense than the water.

They have a density less than 1g/mL.

7. The experiment on the right is performed to determine if radish seeds take in oxygen as they germinate. Methylene blue is a chemical that is blue when oxygen is present, but is colorless when oxygen is not present. Containers A and B each contained 200 mL of water and 10 drops of methylene blue. Ten radish seeds were added to container A. Container B had no radish seeds.a. State the problem.b. Identify the independent variable.c. Identify the dependent variable.d. Identify the control group.e. Identify a constant or control.f. What can be done to make the results more relaible?

7. a. State the problem.•Do radish seeds absorb oxygen as they germinate?b. Identify the independent variable.•# of radish seedsc. Identify the dependent variable.•The color of methylene blued. Identify the control group.•Tube with no radish seedse. Identify a constant or control.•Size of tube, amount of water, # of drops of methylene blue, temperature, lightf. What can be done to make the results more reliable? •Repeat or increase sample size

8. You studied the effect of the amount of fish food on the mass of goldfish. One tank of goldfish is fed the normal amount of food once a day. A second tank of goldfish was fed twice a day. A third tank of goldfish was fed three times a day. The fish's mass was measured three times a week.a.State the problem. •What is the effect of the amount of fish food on the mass of goldfish?b. Give a possible hypothesis.•I think that feeding the goldfish three times a day will increase the mass of the goldfish the most.c. Identify the independent variable. •The amount of foodd. Identify the control group.•The group of goldfish that were fed once a day.

8. You studied the effect of the amount of fish food on the mass of goldfish. One tank of goldfish is fed the normal amount of food once a day. A second tank of goldfish was fed twice a day. A third tank of goldfish was fed three times a day. The fish's mass was measured three times a week.e. Identify the dependent variable. •The mass of the goldfish. f. Identify 2 controls (factors that must remain constant).•Amount of fish in each group•Temperature of the water•Amount of light the fish are exposed to•The original mass of the fish

0 1 2 3 4cm

9. What is the length of the object in centimeters?

2.8cm

10. A student examined a rock sample and described it as having particles of various colors that were 1 mm to 12 mm in size. The student was making(1)an inference (2) a prediction(3) a hypothesis (4) an observation

4

11. All of the liquid from a test tube is poured into a beaker, as shown in the diagram below.Compared to the liquid that was in the test tube,the liquid in the beaker has(1) a different volume, but the same shape(2) a different volume and a different shape(3) the same volume, but a different shape(4) the same volume and the same shape

3

12. The diagram below shows water in a graduatedcylinder.

A student states that the graduated cylindercontains 150 mL of water. This statement is(1) a prediction (3) a theory(2) an observation (4) a hypothesis

2

13. The diagram below shows 20 grams of two different materials, A and B, on a laboratory balance.

Compared to material A, material B has a different(1) density (3) phase(2) mass (4) shape

1

14. Frank has a paper clip. It has a mass of 9.2 g and a volume of 14.3cm3. What is its density? Show all work.

15. Frank also has an eraser. It has a mass of 3.3 g, and a volume of 1.5cm3. What is its density? Show all work.

• D = m = 9.2 g = 0.6 g/cm3 v 14.3cm3

• D = m = 3.3 g = 2.2 g/cm3 v 1.5cm3

16.a. Which layer has the highest

density?• Green layerb. Which layer has the lowest density?• Yellow layerc. Imagine that the liquids have the

following densities: 10g/cm3 3g/cm3 6g/cm3

5g/cm3

Which number would go with which layer?

• Yellow = 3g/cm3.• Blue = 5g/cm3.• Red = 6g/cm3

• Green = 10g/cm3

Heat up the water.

As temperature increases, the solubility of the gas decreases.

Heat up the solvent, increase the surface area, stir the solution.

17.

36 g

18. Use the solubility curves below to answer the following questions.

c. How many grams of NH4Cl can dissolve in 100 grams of water at 25°C?

b. Identify the solvent represented on this graph.

a. Identify the solutes represented on this graph.

d. How many grams of HCl can dissolve in 100 grams of water at 10°C?

HCl and NH4Cl

water

40 grams

76 grams

18. Use the solubility curves below to answer the following questions. e. At what temperature can

70 grams of NH4Cl dissolve in 100 grams of water?

f. Explain the relationship between temperature and the solubility of HCl (gas).

85°C

As temperature increases, the solubility of HCl decreases.

g. Explain the relationship between temperature and the solubility of NH4Cl (solid).

As temperature increases, the solubility of NH4Cl increases.

19.

2

20. A new idea that is tested in a scientific experiment is known as a(an)

1. theory 2. hypothesis 3. inference 4. observation

2

21. Why do scientists consider any hypothesis valuable?1. A hypothesis requires no further investigation. 2. A hypothesis may lead to further investigation even if it is

disproved by the experiment. 3. A hypothesis requires no further investigation if it is proved by the

experiment. 4. A hypothesis can be used to explain a conclusion even if it is

disproved by the experiment.

2

E

G

H

Vacuole

Mitochondria

Ribosome

Cell membrane

Nucleus

Nucleolus

ER

22.

Nucleus

Cell membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplast

23.

24. Identify the processes below. Cell Respiration

C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H20 + 36ATP

PhotosynthesisCO2 + H20 O2 + H20 + C6H12O6

25. Which sequence of terms is in the correct order from simplest to most complex?

(1) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems (2) tissues, organisms, cells, organ systems(3) cells, tissues, organ systems, organs

(4) organs, organisms, organ systems, cells

1

26. When muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of sufficient oxygen,

(1) lactic acid is produced (2) a large amount of ATP is formed(3) NADH molecules split (4) oxidative respiration occurs 1

27. Yeast produce alcohol and CO2 in the process of

(1) lactic acid fermentation (2)alcoholic fermentation (3)aerobic respiration (4) glycolysis

2

28. What type of transport does this picture represent? Explain your answer.

Active transportSubstances are moving from a LOW to HIGH concentration.

29. The diagram above shows the same type of molecule in area A and area B. With the  passage of time, some molecules move from area A to area B. This movement is the result of the process of  __________.passive transport

30. The basic life functions of an organism are carried on by(1)cells (2) atoms(3) nutrients (4) hormones

131. Which substance do all living things require to survive?(1)blood (2) carbon dioxide(3) water (4) organic soil

3

32. One important difference between living things and nonliving things is that only living things have(1)compounds (2) molecules(3) elements (4) cells

433. In order to survive, all organisms must have(1)chlorophyll (2) energy(3) carbon dioxide (4) blood

2

34. The sum of all chemical reactions that take place within an organism is known as(1)evolution (2) circulation(3) metabolism (4) reproduction 3

35. Identify all systems below and their functions.

Skeletal (locomotion)

Muscular(locomotion)

Circulatory(Transport)

Nervous(regulation – send messages)

Respiratory(gas exchange)

Digestive(break down food)

Excretory (remove cellular wastes)

36. What system is represented in the diagram? What is the function of this system?

Excretory system

Removes metabolic wastes from the body.

37. What system is represented in the diagram?Identify the function of this system. Respiratory

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between internal and external environments.

Y Z

38. Identify structures X, Y, and Z and their functions.

red blood cell

white blood cell

platelet

Produce antibodies and engulf pathogens

Carry oxygen Blood clotting

39. Insulin and glucagon are hormones that affect blood sugar levels. The diagram below shows the feedback system used by the human body to increase and decrease blood sugar levels.

This feedback system is one way that the human body(1)circulates gases (3) destroys viruses(2) maintains equilibrium (4) transports nutrients

2

40. The diagram below shows part of the humanExcretory system.

The structures shown are primarily involved in(1) transporting blood (3) removing wastes(2) producing sex cells (4) breaking down food

3

41. Asexually produced offspring are genetically(1) identical to the parent(2) different from the parent(3) different from each other(4) formed by two parents

1

42. The series of diagrams below shows a single-celled organism and its offspring that resulted from cell division over a period of 20 hours.

If the organisms continue to reproduce asexually at this same rate, how many organisms will there be after 30 hours?(1) 6 (2) 8 (3) 7 (4) 16 2

43. The diagram below shows information about the reproduction and development of a rabbit.Which letter in the diagram represents fertilization?(1)A (2)B(3) C (4) D 3

44. The diagram shows four stages in the development of a human after fertilization.

Between stages A and D, which process must occur?(1) mutation (3) cell division(2) sexual reproduction (4) extinction 3

45. Which sequence of development is correct?(1) fertilized egg → tissues → organ systems → organs(2) fertilized egg → organ systems → organs → tissues(3) fertilized egg → organs → tissues → organ systems(4) fertilized egg → tissues → organs → organ systems

4

46. Which statement describes a method of sexual reproduction that occurs in plants?(1) Stem cuttings are placed in water and grow roots.(2) Seeds are produced from the flower of the plant.(3) Underground stems from a plant grow into new plants.(4) A leaf falls to the soil, develops roots, and grows.

2

47. The diagram below shows a cross section of abean seed.The function of part X in the bean seed is to(1) provide protection for the embryo(2) provide nutrients for the embryo(3) prevent mutations in the plant(4) fight off infections in the plant.

2

48. Which process is represented by the diagramBelow?(1) asexual reproduction(2) ecological succession(3) photosynthesis(4) metamorphosis

449. Which process involves choosing certain organisms to reproduce with one another in order to pass on specific, desirable traits to their offspring?(1) selective breeding(2) asexual reproduction(3) resource acquisition(4) natural selection

1

50. A Punnett square is shown below. The dominanttrait is represented by R. The recessive trait isrepresented by r.

What percentage of the offspring will mostlikely show the dominant trait?(1) 25% (2) 75% (3) 50% (4) 100%

2

51. Many cells have a nucleus that contains chromosomes. These chromosomes carry genes that are composed of(1) hormones(2) DNA molecules(3) minerals and water(4) undigested food molecules

252. The fur of the snowshoe rabbit changes to a lighter color in the winter. This allows the rabbit to blend in with its surroundings. This change isan example of(1) extinction(2) competition(3) biological adaptation(4) ecological succession

3

53. The diagram shows how modern types of flowers developed from early types of flowers over the last75 million years.

Which process is represented in this diagram?(1) evolution (3) selective breeding(2) photosynthesis (4) ecological succession

1

54. Animals may fight, make threatening sounds, and act aggressively toward members of the same species. These behaviors usually occur asthe result of(1) competition (3) decomposition(2) conservation (4) pollution

1

55. When the environment changes more quickly than a species can adapt, the species may become(1)extinct (2) diverse(3) dominant (4) overpopulated

1

56. The diagram below shows a cross section of a portion of Earth’s crust that has not been overturned. Letters A, B, C, and D represent sedimentary rock layers that contain fossils.

Which rock layer contains the oldest fossils?(1) A (3) C(2) B (4) D

4

57. Feathers, wings, and the hollow bones of birds are examples of(1) adaptations for flight(2) responses to stimuli(3) unnecessary body parts(4) reproductive structures 158. The diagram below shows a food chain.

Which organisms in this food chain are herbivores?(1) green plants (3) birds(2) caterpillars (4) snakes 2

59. The diagram below shows several different organisms found in an area.

The worms in the diagram represent(1) a community (3) a habitat(2) an ecosystem (4) a population 4

60. Some microorganisms cause human disease. Other microorganisms are used in making cheese, yogurt, and bread. Based on this information, the relationship between humans and microorganisms can be(1) beneficial, only(2) harmful, only(3) beneficial or harmful

361. Different species of carnivorous animals that share the same habitat in an ecosystem may(1) become decomposers(2) compete for food(3) produce their own food(4) mate with each other

2

62. What is the nutrient source for some fungi?(1)sunlight (2) carbon dioxide(3) oxygen (4) dead organisms

463. Pesticides and fertilizers can help farmers to produce more crops. However, overuse of these chemicals can result in(1) ecological succession(2) material recycling(3) environmental pollution(4) selective breeding 3

64. The diagram below shows how a plant community changed over 300 years.

Which process caused the gradual changes shown in this plant community?(1) urban growth (3) environmental pollution(2) global warming (4) ecological succession 4

65. Which of the following is not an element?

1. oxygen 2. carbon dioxide3. hydrogen 4. nitrogen

2

66. In sweetened tea, the sugar is called the

1. solute. 2. solvent. 3. colloid. 4. solution.

1

67. The substances in a mixture can be separated by physical means because

1. no chemical change occurs when the substances are combined.

2. the physical and chemical properties of the substances change.

3. none of the properties of the substances change.

4. the chemical, but not the physical, properties of the substances change.

1

68. Which activity is an example of a chemical change?(1) dissolving table salt in water(2) hammering aluminum into thin sheets(3) melting gold to make jewelry(4) burning wood to produce ashes 4

69. Identify the solid, liquid and gas! Describe the phase and the molecules in each phase.

Gas- Particles very loosely packed-Very fast-No definite shape or volume-Take shape of closed container

Solid-Particles tightly packed-Particles vibrate-Definite shape and volume

Liquid-Particles slide past each other-Definite volume-No definite shape -Take the shape of a container

70. Identify the phase change described.Indicate whether the molecules absorb or release energy.a. Solid to liquid:•Melting, absorbb. Gas to liquid:•Condensation, releasec. Liquid to solid: •Freezing, released. Solid to gas: •Sublimation, absorbe. Liquid to gas:•Evaporation, absorb

71. The elements oxygen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium are all found in the same group (16) on the table. What do we know about the elements in that family?

They have similar BUT NOT IDENTICAL properties.

72. In what family is neon found?What do we call those elements in that group?

Family 18

Noble gases

Sperm cell

male

They come from 2 parents, so chromosomes mix, this is sexual reproduction.

73.

74. Give the phenotypes and genotypes for all possible offspring if a hybrid brown eyed male is crossed with a blue eyed woman.

GenotypeGenotype::

Bb x bbBb x bb b b

B

b

bb

bb

Bb Bb

50% hybrid50% pure recessive

PhenotypePhenotype::50% brown 50% blue

75. Study the pedigree chart below that shows the occurrence of color blindness in three generations of a family.

a. Is there anyone with colorblindness in the first generation?

No

b. Describe the condition of the mother in the first generation.

She is a carrier

c. How many children did the parents in generation 1 have?

2

1 2

3 4 5

6 7

d. Did any of these children get married? If so, which one?

Yes, #4e. Identify which people were colorblind in these 3 generations.

3 & 4

Is this trait dominant or recessive? Why?•Dominant•10 out of 14 people can roll their tongue.

76. The pedigree shows the inheritance of tongue rolling.

77. a. Identify the process is represented by the diagram.

photosynthesis

b. Identify the raw materials needed for this process to occur.

water and carbon dioxide

c. Identify the substance that is needed to produce energy.

glucose

78. a. Identify the raw materials of photosynthesis.carbon dioxidewater

b. What is the energy source needed for photosynthesis to occur?sunlight

c. Identify the products of photosynthesis.glucoseoxygenwater

d. In which cell organelle does photosynthesis occur?chloroplasts

79. Acer saccharum is the scientific name for the sugar maple tree. Acer is the name of the tree's

1. genus 2. phylum 3. species 4. kingdom

1

80. a. Which level of this pyramid would contain producer organisms?

b. If birds eat insects that feed on corn, which pyramid level would birds occupy?

c. As one progresses from level D to level A in this pyramid, what happens to the amount of energy?

Level D

Level B

Decreases

81. Identify the following:a.Producer•grassb. Herbivores•Rabbit, field mouse, cricketc. Secondary consumers•Frog, hawk

d. Tertiary consumers•Hawke. Carnivores•Hawk, frog

82. In which organisms could evolution occur most rapidly?(1)humans (2) birds(3) fish (4) bacteria 4

83. Which resource is considered nonrenewable?(1)wind power (2) moving water(3) solar energy (4) fossil fuels

4

84. The picture below shows a bird landing at a bird feeder outside a window.

The image of this bird in the window is the result of light being(1) absorbed (2) transmitted(3) reflected (4) refracted

3

85. The diagram below shows what occurs when a ray of light strikes and enters a pond.

Which property of light is illustrated when the ray enters the pond?(1) refraction (2) absorption(3) reflection (4) emission

1

86. A student pushes against a tree with a force of 10N. The tree does not move. What is the amount of force exerted by the tree on the student? (1) 0 N (2) 10 N (3) 5 N (4) 20 N

2

87. The person using the track with the rollers uses less energy to load the box because the rollers reduce the(1)mass of the box (2) distance traveled by the box (3) force of gravity(4) force of friction

4

a

88.

89. Which device produces mechanical energy (movement)?1.A battery2.A light bulb3.A moving bicycle4.A candle

3

90. Which form of energy are x rays and ultraviolet light?(1)nuclear (2) electromagnetic (3) heat (4) chemical

2

91. Sound will not travel in a(1)solid (2) gas(3) liquid (4) vacuum 4