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Chapter 1: Purpose and Need

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December 2004 REF-1

EMERGENCY WATERSHED PROTECTION PROGRAM Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement

Chapter 3: EWP Program Alternatives

None given.

Chapter 4: Affected Environment

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McClelland, L. et al., 1995. “Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Rural Historic Landscapes.” Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register Bulletin.

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December 2004 REF-3


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December 2004 REF-5


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December 2004 REF-7


McCabe, G.D. and W.J. O’Brien, 1993. “The Effects of Suspended Silt on Feeding and Reproduction of Daphnia pulex.” The American Midland Naturalist. Vol. 110(2). p 324-337.

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NRCS, 1998. Damage Survey Reports for Fremont County Levee Repair, DSRs 8301-34, 8310-13, 8310-14 (NRCS DSRs, 1998a).

NRCS, 1998. Damage Survey Reports for Montgomery County Woody Debris Removal, DSRs 830106, 8301-07, 8309-08 (NRCS DSRs, 1998b).

NRCS, 1999. National Emergency Watershed Protection Manual. Washington, DC: (390-U-NEWPM, 1st Ed., Draft) June 1.

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December 2004 REF-8


NWI, 1999. National Wetlands Inventory, USFWS. Website, url: http://www.nwi.fws.gov/arcdata.

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Owens, David W., 1999. Legislative Zoning Decisions. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Institute of Government.

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Rosgen, D., 1996. Applied River Morphology. Pagosa Springs, Colorado: Wildland Hydrology.

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Smoot, J.L and R.D. Smith, Undated. Soil Erosion Prevention and Sediment Control. Reducing Nonpoint Source Water Pollution on Construction Sites. University of Tennessee. Website, url: http://www.engr.utk.edu/research/water/erosion/titlepage.html

Stern, D. H. and M.S. Stern, 1980. Effects of Bank Stabilization on the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Streams and Small Rivers: a Synthesis. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service.

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December 2004 REF-9


USDA-SCS, 1992. Soil Bioengineering for Upland Slope Protection and Erosion Control; Engineering Field Handbook. Chapter 18.

USACE, Norfolk District, 1992. Finding of No Significant Impact, Supplemental Environmental Impact Assessment. Buena Vista, Virginia. Local Flood Protection. March 19, 1992.

USACE, Norfolk District, 1990. Finding of No Significant Impact, Final Environmental Impact Assessment. Buena Vista, Virginia. Local Flood Protection. March 14, 1990.

USACE, 1981. Low-Cost Shore Protection, Final Report on the Shroeline Erosion Control Demonstration Program (Section 54). Department of the Army, Office of the Chief of Engineers.

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United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 1999. Surf Your Watershed Environmental Profile, Lower Boise, USGS Cataloging Unit: 02080202. Website, url: http://www.epa.gov/ surf2/hucs/02080202 (EPA, 1999b).

United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 1999. Surf Your Watershed Environmental Profile, East Nishnabotna USGS Cataloging Unit: 10240003. Website, url: http://www.epa.gov/surf2/ hucs/10240003 (EPA, 1999c).

Vetten, William, 1999. Personal Communication, June 14, 1999.

Vogel, R., 1999. Disaster Impact Upon Economic Structure: Linkage Disruption and Economic Recovery. Pensacola, FL: The University of West Florida, Department of Marketing and Economics. url: www.uwf.edu/rvogel/paper.htm.

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Williams (Philip Williams and Associates, Ltd.), 1996. An Evaluation of Flood Plain Management Benefits through Floodplain Restoration on the Willamette River, Oregon, USA. prepared for the River Network, Portland, Oregon. February.

December 2004 REF-10


Appendix A

None given

Appendix B

Beeson, C.E. and P.F. Doyle, 1995. “Comparison of Bank Erosion at Vegetated and Non-Vegetated Channel Bends.” Water Resources Bulletin, Vol. 31 (6).


Brode, J. M. and R. B. Bury, 1984. The Importance of Siltation on Stream Fish Communities. In: California Riparian Systems: Ecology, Conservation and Productive Management. R. E. Warner and K. M. Hendrix (ed.), University of California Press, Berkley. pp. 30-36.


Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), 1997. Considering Cumulative Effects under the National Environmental Quality Act. October.

Cook, P. and K. Mizer, 1989. “The Revised ERS County Typology, An Overview.” Washington DC: Rural Economy Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Rural Development Research Report 89.

Cooper, T.A. and L.W. Canter, 1997. “Documentation of Cumulative Impacts in Environmental Impact Statements”. Environ. Impact Assess. Review. 1997:17:385-411.

Cromartie, J. and Linda Swanson, 1996. “Defining Metropolitan Areas and the Rural-Urban Continuum: A Comparison of Statistical Areas Based on County and Sub-county Geography.” Washington, DC: Rural Development Perspectives. Vol. 11, No. 3, pp31-39, June.


Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Group, 1998. Stream Corridor Restoration; Principles, Processes, and Practices.

Hewitt, M., 1989. Defining ‘Rural’ Areas: Impact on Health Care Policy and Research. Health Program, Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of the United States. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.



ICGP (Interorganizational Committee on Guidelines and Principles), 1994. Guidelines and Principles for Social Impact Assessment. Impact Assessment, Vol. 12 Summer.


Leistritz, F.L., 1994. “Economic and Fiscal Impact Assessment.” Impact Assessment, Vol. 12, No. 3, Fall.

Leistritz, F. L. and R. Hamm, 1998. Rural Economic Development, 1975-1993. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.

McCabe, G.D. and W.J. OBrien, 1993. “The Effects of Suspended Silt on Feeding and Reproduction of Daphnia pulex.” The American Midland Naturalist. Vol. 110(2). p 324-337.

McClelland, L. et al., 1995. Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Rural Historic Landscapes. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register Bulletin.

North Carolina State University, 1999. Urban Stormwater. Website, url: http://www.h2osparc.wq.ncsu.edu/wetland/aqlife/urbstrom.html

Reeder, R., 1990. Targeting Aid to Distressed Rural Areas, Indicators of Fiscal and Community Well-Being. Washington, DC: Agriculture and Rural Economy division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Staff Report No. AGES 9067.


United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 1999. Understanding the IWI (Index to Watershed Indicators). Website, url: http://www.epa.gov/iwi/help_e.html (EPA, 1999d).

Vogel, R., 1999. Disaster Impact Upon Economic Structure: Linkage Disruption and Economic Recovery. Pensacola, Florida: The University of West Florida, Department of Marketing and Economics. url: http://www.uwf.edu/rvogel/paper.htm.

Appendix C

None given

Appendix D



Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Boise National Forest, Natural Resources Conservation Service, 1996. Interagency Fire Rehabilitation Report, Eighth Street Fire. September 6, 1996.

Cook, P. and K. Mizer, 1989. “The Revised ERS County Typology, an Overview.” Washington DC: Rural Economy Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Rural Development Research Report 89.

Flint, Roger, 1999. Personal Communication. November 18, 1999.

Hanson, Angi, 1999. Personal Communication. November 5, 1999.

NRCS, 1999. Buena Vista Watershed Final Plan—Environmental Impact Statement. Richmond, Virginia.

Priebe, Carl, 1999. Personal Communication. November 19, 1999.

Sears, Weldon, 1999. Personal Communication, July 2, 1999.

The Nature Conservancy (TNC), 1998. Bauxite Natural Areas Tornado Recovery Project. presented to FEMA Central Arkansas Tornado Recovery Office, North Little Rock, Arkansas.

USACE, Norfolk District, 1990. Finding of No Significant Impact, Final Environmental Impact Assessment. Buena Vista, Virginia. Local Flood Protection.

USACE, Norfolk District, 1992. Finding of No Significant Impact, Supplemental Environmental Impact Assessment. Buena Vista, Virginia. Local Flood Protection.

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1992. Summary Tape File 1a (STF1a) and Summary Tape File (STF3a).

United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1999. Surf Your Watershed Environmental Profile, Maury USGS Cataloging Unit 02080202. Website, url: http://www.epa.gov/surf2/hucs/02080202. (EPA, 1999a)

United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 1999. Surf Your Watershed Environmental Profile, Lower Boise, USGS Cataloging Unit 02080202. Website, url: http://www.epa.gov/surf2/hucs/02080202. (EPA, 1999b)

United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 1999. Surf Your Watershed Environmental Profile, East Nishnabotna, USGS Cataloging Unit 10240003. Website, url: http://www.epa.gov/surf2/hucs/10240003. (EPA, 1999c)

Wolcott, Dennis, 1992. “Reseeding of Barren Land Begins.” The Antelope Valley Daily News. February 22, 1992.



Appendix E

Allen and Leech, 1997. Bioengineering for Streambank Erosion Control. USACE Environmental Impact Research Program. Report 1. April.

AFT-ACE, 1998. American Farmland Trust—Farmland Information Center. 1998. “Agricultural Conservation Easement Fact Sheet.”

AFT-COCS, 1999. American Farmland Trust—Farmland Information Center. 1999. “Cost of Community Study Fact Sheet.”

Akram, M. and W.D. Kemper, 1979. “Infiltration of Soils as Affected by the Pressure and Water Content at the Time of Compaction.” Soil Science Society of America Journal. Vol. 43 p 108086.

Aust, W.M., M.D. Tippett, J.A. Burger, and W.H. McKee, Jr., 1992. Effects of skidder compaction and rutting on soil physical properties and water tables in a South Carolina wetland. Presented at Seventh Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference, Mobile, Alabama, November 17-19, 1992. pp. 131-135. General Technical Report SO, July 1993 (93).

Beeson, C.E. and P.F. Doyle, 1995. “Comparison of Bank Erosion at Vegetated and Non-Vegetated Channel Bends.” Water Resources Bulletin, v. 31 (6).

Benke, A.C., R.L. Henry, D.M. Gillspie, and R.J. Hunter, 1985. Importance of Snag Habitat for Animal Production in Southeastern Streams. Fisheries, Vol. 10(5).

Berke, Philip R., 1998. “Reducing Natural Hazard Risks Through State Growth Management.” Journal of the American Planning Association. Winter 1998. Vol. 64, No. 1 p76(12).


Bilby, R.E., 1981. “Role of Organic Debris Dams in Regulating the Export of Dissolved and Particulate Matter From a Forested Watershed.” Ecology. v.62 (5).

Boschung, H. and P. O’Neil, 1981. The Effects of Forest Clear-cutting on Fishes and Macroinvertebrates in an Alabama Stream. American Fisheries Society. Warmwater Streams Symposium, pp. 200-217.

Bradt, P.T. and G.E. Wieland, 1978. The Impact of Stream Reconstruction and Gabion Installation on the Biology and Chemistry of a Trout Stream. U.S. Office of Water Research and Technology. Completion Report for Grant No. 14-34-0001-6225.



Brown, T., 1998. Evaluation of Riprap Structures and Erosional Mitigation along the Carmel River.

Burger, J.A., K.J. Wimme, W.B. Stuart, and T.A. Walbridge, 1989. Site Disturbance and Machine Performance From Tree-Length Skidding with a Rubber Tired Machine. In: Proceedings of Fifth Southern Silvicultural Research Conference, Memphis Tennessee, Nov. 13, 1988. p. 521-525. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report SO-74. 618pp.

Cairns, J. Jr., 1994. Rehabilitating Damaged Ecosystems. Ann Arbor: Lewis Publishers.

Carline, Robert F. and Steven P. Klosiewski, 1985. “Responses of Fish Populations to Mitigation Structures in Two Small Channelized Streams in Ohio.” North American Journal of Fisheries Management. Vol. 5, No. 1, p1-11.

Cooper, T.A. and L.W. Canter,1997. “Documentation of Cumulative Impacts in Environmental Impact Statements.” Environ. Impact Assess. Review. 1997:17:385-411.

Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), 1997. Considering Cumulative Effects under the National Environmental Quality Act. January.

Cushing, K., 1999. After the Flood Waters Receded: Assessing the Economic Impacts of San Francisquito Creek’s February 1998 Flooding. Katherine Kao. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District and the Santa Clara Valley Water District. March.


Daniels, Tom and Deborah Bowers, 1997. Holding our Ground: Protecting America's Farms and Farmland. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Deyle, Robert E. et al., 1998. Hazard Assessment: The Factual Basis for Planning and Mitigation. In: Raymond Burby ed. Cooperating with nature: confronting natural hazards with land-use planning for sustainable communities. Washington DC: Joseph Henry Press.

Donnelly, William A., 1989. “Hedonic Price Analysis of the Effects of a Floodplain on Property Values.” Water Resources Bulletin. 25. 3: 581-86.

Douglas, J.E. and O.C. Goodwin, 1980. Runoff and Soil Erosion from Forest Site Preparation Practices. In: Proceedings, U.S. Forestry Water Quality: what course in the 1980s. Aug. 10, 1979. Richmond, Virginia. Water Pollut. Cont. Fed. and Virginia Water Pollut. Cont. Association. Richmond, Virginia.



Fredrickson, R.L., 1970. Erosion and Sedimentation Following Road Construction and Timber Harvest on Unstable Soils in Three Small Western Oregon Watersheds. USDA Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Portland, Oregon.

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