Fina ldoxidas

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C.A DOXIADIS PRESENTATION REFLECTING THE THEORIES AND PROJECTS OF : PRESENTED BY : AMY M.ARCH SEM -1

Transcript of Fina ldoxidas

Page 1: Fina ldoxidas

C.A DOXIADIS

PRESENTATION REFLECTING THE

THEORIES AND PROJECTS OF:

PRESENTED BY :

AMY

M.ARCH SEM -1

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION :

TIMELINE AND CAREER

THEORIES :

EKISTIC- THE SCIENCE OF HUMAN

SETTLEMENT

ANCIENT GREEK SETTLEMENT

EKISTIC AND REGIONAL SCIENCE

MAN CITY AND AUTOMOILE

MAN AND SPACE AROUND HIM

ECUMENPOLIS

DEATH OF OUR CITIES

PROJECT OF C.A DOXIADIUS

PUBLICATIONS – BOOKS

REFERENCESObjective of presentation :

Understanding the theories and their applicability of urban designer in his projects .

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GRADUATED:

Doxiadis graduated in architectural engineering from the

Technical University of Athens in 1935, obtaining a

doctorate from Charlottenburg University (today

Technical University of Berlin) a year later.

In 1937 ---He was appointed Chief Town Planning Officer

for the Greater Athens Area. During World War II he held

the post of Head of the Department of Regional and

Town Planning in the Ministry of Public Works.

IN 1950---He distinguished himself as Minister of

Reconstruction at the end of the war and it was this

experience that allowed him in to gain large housing

contracts in dozens of countries.

In 1951 ---He founded Doxiadis Associates, a private

firm of consulting engineers, which grew rapidly until it

had offices on five continents and projects in 40

countries.

In 1963--- The company changed its name to DA

Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis (4 May 1914 – 28 June 1975),

was a Greek architectand town planner. He became known as the

lead architect of Islamabad, the new capital of Pakistan, and later as

the father of Ekistics.

INTRODUCTION

LIFE --TIMELINE AND CAREER

Doxiadis was honored in 1965 by

Industrial Designers Society of America

(IDSA) with a Special Award for notable

results, creative and innovative concepts.

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THEORIES OF DOXIADIUS

EKISTICS, THE SCIENCE OF HUMAN

SETTLEMENTS

This science, termed Ekistics, will take into

consideration

•the principles man takes into

account when building his settlements, as well

• as the evolution of human settlements through

history in terms of size and quality.

• The target is to build the city of optimum size, that

is, a city which

respects human dimensions.

• Since there is no point in resisting development, we

should try to accommodate

technological evolution and the needs of man

within the same settlement.From Science, v.170, no.3956, October 1970, p. 393-404: 21 fig.

ACC TO DOXIADIS

In order to create the cities of the future, we need to systematically

develop a science of human settlements.

Probable validity of the forces

of

ekistics synthesis: 1-gravity; 2-

biological;

3-physiological; 4-social; 5-

movement;

6-inner structure; 7-external

structure;

8-growth; 9-organization; 10-

geographical.

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ANCIENT GREEK SETTLEMENTS

•In order to understand the

relationships between man and space,

we have to make a hypothesis that each

settlement is part of a hierarchical system.

•The "village" is

the basic settlement which directly links

man with space.From Ekistics, v.31, no.182, January 1971, p. 4-21: 21 fig.

Evolution in time took place

according to a hierarchical

pyramid which is based on a fairly

standard ratio between the basic

settlements and a larger city.

Basis of development of ekistics theory

Man's elementary

relation to

space

Man's relation to space:

effect of

natural forces

Man's relation to space:

effect of

social and cultural forces

EKISTICS AND REGIONAL SCIENCE

Ekistics and regional science are two disciplines

which cover similar subjects, that is,

human settlements and regions respectively.

•Ekistics and regional science combine technology

and art .

•Regional science can be seen as the extension

of geography whereas Ekistics as the extension of

urban geography.

Since in the future we are moving

towards the creation of a universal city

(Ecumenopolis) where a much higher percentage

of the surface of the earth will be covered by

human settlements, we need systematic methods in

order to understand and guide this expansion

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MAN CITY AND AUTOMOBILE

In future cities, new types of neighborhoods need to

be constructed which will be served but not crossed by

automobiles, and where there will be no wasted land

but as many green areas as possible.

The immediate goal is to recreate the cells of urban

life on a human scale,

while the ultimate goal is to separate permanently all

roads for automobiles and those for people to different

levels on the ground. From High Speed Ground Transportation Journal, v.3, no.1,

January 1969, p. 1-13: 9 fig.

We must build the city of man in such a way as will give to each one of

us the maximum number of choices. .

MAN AND THE SPACE AROUND

HIMIn the past, man lived in several scales: in part he lived

in his personal scale, that is, by himself; in part, with

his family; in part, with his immediate neighbours.

His participation in the life of people beyond his

city was very small, and his meetings with other

nationals were very often limited to the battlefield.

Modern technology has the power

to bring men together but

it can also separate them with

unforeseen barriers.

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Ecumenopolis: Tomorrow’s City

Humanity has never before had to deal with such

forces of change as exist at present, in technology

and population growth.

Currently, we are building the wrong cities for the

future, wasting and spoiling natural resources and

allowing man to lose his importance inside the cities

due to traffic and pollution.

The cities of the future will be extra-human in

dimension, therefore our task is to create them as a

web of many communities with human dimensions.

Such cities will finally be interconnected in one

continuous network, the Ecumenopolis, which will

retain its human content despite its size.

In these cities, man will have more time to spend in

education and leisure rather than in transportation.

Preston in

Lancashire

presents

the

confusion

created by

the random

developme

nt of cities

in the 19th

century.

The landscape of

the modern city

is

becoming extra-

human, even

inhuman.

SAN

The "Dynapolis" idea of C. A.

Doxiadis.(A city that has a constant

growth in its' dimentions).

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DEATH OF OUR CITIES

During the last four decades, many changes

have taken place which have created a deterioration of

conditions in human cities.

Three big events are responsible for these changes.

These are: an

unprecedented increase of population, the socialization

encompassing all political systems and social classes

and the emergence of the machine in our lives.

The aim is to orientate

ourselves to a new conception of the city and of the

policies prevailing the growth of the city. Modern cities

should accommodate the machine to the benefit of man.

He also coined the term

‘Entopia’, which refers to an

ideal city– a place which, in

his own words, ''satisfies the

dreamer and is acceptable

to the scientist, a place

where the projections of

the artist and the builder

merge

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EKISTIC--DOXIADIUS

The term Ekistics was coined Doxiadis in 1942.

Applies to the science of human settlements.

Includes regional, city, community planning and dwelling design.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF EKISTICS

•MAXIMIZATION OF HUMAN

POTENTIALS -Unity of Purpose

•MINIMIZATION OF EFFORTS -Hierarchy

of Functions

• OPTIMIZATION OF MAN’S

PROTECTIVE SPACE -Four dimensions

•OPTIMIZATION OF MAN’S

RELATIONSHIP WITH HIS ENVIORMENT

Ekistics aims to encompass all scales of human

habitation and seeks to learn from the archeological

and historical record by looking not only at great cities,

but, as much as possible, at the total settlement

pattern.

BASIC PARTS OF COMPOSITE HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

•Homogeneous parts-fields;

•Central parts-built-up villages;

•Circulatory parts-roads & paths within the fields; and

•Special parts-i.e., a monastery contained within the homogeneous part.

CLASSIFICATION OF

HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

By Ekistics Units

•By Ekistics Elements

•By Ekistics Functions

•By Evolutionary Phases

•By Factors & Disciplines

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The figure below are for Doxiadis' ideal future ekistic units for the year 2100 at which time he

estimated (in 1968) that Earth would achieve zero population growth at a population of

50,000,000,000 with human civilization being powered by fusion energy.

EVOLUTION OF HUMAN

SETTLEMENT

Phase1: Primitive non-organised

human settlements (started with

evolution of man)

Phase2 :Primitive organised

settlements-ECopolis

(periodofvillageslasted10,000years

)

Phase3: Static urban settlements

or cities-Polis

(lastedabout5,000to6,000years)

Phase 4: Dynamic urban

settlements-Dynapolis

(lasted200to400years)

Phase5: UniversalCity-

Ecumenopolis (which is now

beginning)

NEED TO BALANCE ELEMENTS OF

HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

We are dealing by necessity with:

•Nature, which is being spoilt;

•Man, who is continuously changing;

•Society, which is changing because of

man’ snewneeds;

•Shells, which must be constructed;

•Networks, which are also changing to

cope up with new demands.

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ISLAMABAD-- THE CREATION OF NEW CAPITAL

Islamabad, the new Capital of Pakistan, planned by Constantinos A. Doxiadis and Doxiadis Associates

in the late 1950s, is now a fast-growing city of about 1.5 million inhabitants, forming, together with the

adjacent old city of Rawalpindi and a National Park, a Metropolitan Area (Greater Islamabad/Rawalpindi

Area) of about 4.5 million inhabitants.

The greater area of the

capital, the metropolitan

area, has been planned

for a

future population of

about 2,500,000

inhabitants within a

period of two

generations.

Capital of pakistan and 10th

largest city in world

Located on pothohar plateau

Built during 1960 to replace

karachi

Most developed city and

divied into sectors and

zones

The Landscape Pattern

and the Highways

The backbone of the

Islamabad Metropolitan

Area Master Plan is

formed by two highways,

Islamabad Highway and

Murree Highway, the

alignment of which was

dictated by the natural

landscape pattern and the

existing man made

obstacles.

Formation of the Metropolitan

Area

The principal system of axes in

the metropolitan area of

islamabad defines three

distinctive areas:

a. the area of Islamabad proper.

b. the area of Rawalpindi, the

center of which is the city of

Rawalpindi.

c. the National Park area which

will retain certain agricultural

functions for several years and

where sites

must be provided for a national

sports center, the national

university, national research

institute, etc.

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DynametropolisIslamabad will be the capital of the nation and will

serve mainly administrative and cultural functions.

Rawalpindi will

remain the regional center serving industrial and

commercial functions.

It has been designed

on the basis of the ideal city of the future and to form

a dyna-metropolis.

Each is planned to develop dynamically

towards the south-west, their center cores growing

simultaneously and together with their residential and

other functions

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ISLAMABAD-- THE CREATION OF NEW CAPITAL

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ISLAMABAD-- TODAY

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Some of the evidence explored in this research

could be considered

as circumstantial or hypothetical because of

the lack of direct evidence

but the research provides a basis for a

continuing dialogue amongst

World Society for Ekistics members with a

consideration of other antecedents.

The following individuals and a group provide

examples

of likely influences on Doxiadis’ thinking. They

are:

1.Sir Patrick Geddes

2.Le Corbusier as a key figure in the CIAM

organization

3.Team 10

The influences from the selected ideas of antecedents to the thinking of

Doxiadius

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Aspra Spitia is a small settlement planned by Doxiadis Associates for the company

"Aluminion de Grece" tohouse industrial workers and personnel employed at itsnearby

aluminum plant.

Aspra Spitia (modern Greek for "White Houses"), situated on the coast of the Corinthian Gulf

about one hour's drive from Delphi, was designed for a projected population of5,000. The

program proposed the construction of a totalof 1,100 dwellings, including one and two-storey

houses ,bachelor apartments, stores and shops, a customs house ,a school and recreational and

other facilities.

ASPRA SPITIA– DOXIADUS

A simple,

strong and

"primitive"

architecture

composed of

natural, local

materials,

which the

people could

add to with

flower pots

and pergolas,

rather than a

modern

architecture

These thoughts are reflected in the general plan of

the town: on the L-shaped site (the short leg of

which is b ordered by the sea, while the long one is

flanked by two hills) four neighborhoods were

created, each surrounded by a peripheral road and

penetrated by culs-de-sac inselected locations only.

The aim of DA'splanners was to create a sequence of spaces in which

scale, form and character would follow the sequence of importance of

"events" in the life of the town.

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In April 1959, Doxiadis Associates were commissioned by

the University to undertake the design work of the project. On the 16th of May an

agreement was signed.

The problem presented to Doxiadis Associates by this highly cultural region with a

deep-rooted tradition was one of the most complex ever handled by this office.Doxiadis was involved in the design of this new campus

in Pakistan and used ekistic principles to create a

campus he believed was built for true "human scale.

" Doxiadis limited the number of roads on campus,

banning them from the classroom areas. All the

educational buildings are interconnected to permit

people to walk from one to the other. Courtyards provide

a place for meetings between people.

a. a partial and progressive materialization of buildings and services;

b. the transformation of traditional skills and experiences (as in

construction) into contemporary techniques;

c. the preservation of the true essence of traditional

patterns; d. the climate, site conditions, etc.

UNIVERSITY OF LAHORE

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Architectural Space in Ancient Greece

In his book, Doxiadis' view of the

architectural and urban past of ancient

Greece approximates to the urban

thinking of the great moderns of the inter-

War period.

The encounter revolved around the

prospect of formulating the principles

of contemporary urbanism as applied in

theory and practice, and as they were

projected onto the city of the future.

Architecture in Transition

In Architecture in Transition, his book for a

wider public, Constantinos A. Doxiadis

anticipates most of his later

preoccupations: with the problems

caused by massive urbanization; the

revolution of rising expectations; and

an architecture all too often elitist in its

outlook and unprepared for its new role in

a rapidly changing world.

EKISTICS

In this book, Doxiadis

proposes ekistics as a

science of human

settlements and outlines its

scope, aims, intellectual

framework and relevance

However, ekistics aims to

encompass all scales of

human habitation and

seeks to learn from the

archeological and historical

record by looking not only at

great cities, but, as much as

possible, at the total

PUBLICATIONS– DOXIADUS

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REFERENCES

http://www.doxiadis.org/

http://archive.doxiadis.org/ViewStaticPage

2.aspx?valueId=4321

http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/539034-

we-do-not-learn-only-from-great-minds-we-

learn

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