Filter Testing An overview on Topas equipment - exisab.com · Filter Testing An overview on Topas...

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing

Filter Testing

An overview on Topas equipment

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing

overview

structure characterization of filter media

Pore Size Meter PSM 165

filter media testing

Manual Filter Media Test Rig MBP 116

Automated Filter Media Test Rig AFC 13x (VDI 3926-II, ISO 11057)

filter element testing

Standard Air Filters ALF 114 (EN 779, ASHRAE 52.2)

HEPA/ULPA Filter Scanner AFS 15x (EN 1822)

Cabin Air Filters PAF 11x (DIN 71460, ISO 11155)

Motor Air Intake Filters ABP 115 (ISO 5011)

Vacuum Cleaners VCT 121 (EN 60312)

Oil Mist Separators SPT 140 (ISO 20564)

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing

filter structure characterization Pore Size Meter PSM 165

demand on filter material structure information

strong correlation between material structure properties and filter performance parameters

for quality assurance and product development

optimization of product performance starts with optimization of material structure

Filtration:

filter paper

nonwoven materials

woven materials (metal, polymer)

membranes

melt blown films

sintered materials (metal, polymer)

Hygiene: nonwoven absorber materials for sanitary products

Textile: multifilament woven for medical clothing

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing


ASTM E1294-89, ASTM F316-03

reference measurement at the dry sample

Measurement at the wet sample:

stepwise displacement of the test liquid from the pores

Test liquid has been displaced

completely from the sample

Wet flow starting at

the bubble point

Cumulative flow distribution

n

n

1n

1n

Dryflow

Wetflow

Dryflow

Wetflow[/]Q

Density pressure distribution

Δp

ΔQ[1/mbar]q

Δd

ΔQ[1/µm]q

Density pore size distribution

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing

transformation of a density pressure distribution to a density pore size distribution

capillary model:

Δd

ΔQ[1/µm]q

Δp

ΔQ[1/mbar]q

discrete pressure intervals discrete pore size intervals

ideal pore geometries real pore geometries

p

cosσd

4

d – pore diameter (circular pores)

s – surface tension of the test liquid

– contact angle

p – differential pressure

p

σd

C

p1

p2

pressure force:

capillary force:

d

cosΘσdΠFC

Δpd4

ΠF 2

P

d – pore diameter (circle equivalent)

at the minimal vertical cross section in flow direction

– 90° (complete wetting test liquid)

C – empirical capillary constant (ASTM F316)

no straight pores

no circular pores

no constant cross section

no smooth pore walls


© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing

bubble point:

largest pore diameter

start of the wet flow, sample becomes gas permeable

single value (different results at different samples)

pore size distribution

homogeneous or discrete pore size classes from 0,15 – 250µm

integral distribution parameters

median pore size: 50% smaller/larger

modal pore size: most frequent pore size

standard deviation: homogeneity

permeability

specific gas flow [l/(sm²)] @ p

Darcy – permeability [m²]


© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing

differential pressure sensors with very high accuracy ( 0,04% FS)

at large differential pressure measuring range large measuring error, especially at large pores

depending on application customized adjustment of differential pressure range

ASTM F 316:


measuring range and accuracy

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

0,1 1 10 100 1000Porengröße [µm]

Me

ss

feh

ler

[%]

3000 mbar 350 mbar 20 mbar

Pore Size [µm]

Re

pe

ata

bilit

y [%

]

Filter Paper NonwovenMembrane

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

0,1 1 10 100 1000Porengröße [µm]

Me

ss

feh

ler

[%]


Pore Size [µm]

Re

pe

ata

bilit

y [%

]

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

0,1 1 10 100 1000Porengröße [µm]

Me

ss

feh

ler

[%]


Pore Size [µm]

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

0,1 1 10 100 1000Porengröße [µm]

Me

ss

feh

ler

[%]


Pore Size [µm]

Re

pe

ata

bilit

y [%

]

Filter Paper NonwovenMembrane

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing

product development and quality assurance of industrial filter paper

material structure design: different average pore sizes over a wide range

narrow pore size distributions, no overlapping

these 6 different materials are suitable for realisation of various specific filtration applications

Material Modal Pore Size

1 1,87

5 2,68

2 3,49

6 4,19

4 4,86

3 7,16

Filter Paper


© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing

Nonwoven PET-material

600x600mm²

sample 1 sample 2

sample 3 sample 4

sample 6 sample 7

sample 5

sample 8

Sample size: 40mm

porosimetric measurements for quality assurance at nonwoven sheet materials

accuracy and repeatability of measurements: <3%

homogeneity of the sample material: strong fluctuations of local structure properties

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

sample

1

sample

2

sample

3

sample

4

sample

5

sample

6

sample

7

sample

8

Med

ian

Po

re S

ize

[µm

]

0,93%

2,62%

1,95%

x50=17,2µm x50=25,1µm

Nonwoven


© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing

nonwoven filter material

homogeneity: strong local fluctuations


© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing

Pore Size Measurements

material structure properties

fast, simple, reliable method

indirect results on product performance

(complex filtration mechanisms)

comparative measurements

useful tool for product development

preliminary quality assurance

Filter Efficiency Testing

product performance parameters

complex experimental instrumentation

time-consuming

direct results on product performance

essential for final quality assurance

f(x) = …???…

Combination of both methods results in

reliable and efficient quality assurance and product development


© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing

filter testing

Test

Filter

Aerosol

Generation

Upstream

Particle

Measurement

Downstream

Particle

Measurement

Absolute

Filter

Flow Rate

MeasurementBlower

p

MeasurementTest Air

Conditioning

Test

Filter

Aerosol

Generation

Upstream

Particle

Measurement

Downstream

Particle

Measurement

Absolute

Filter

Flow Rate

MeasurementBlower

p

MeasurementTest Air

Conditioning

Test Filter

gravimetrical / fractional

efficiency

gravimetrical / fractional

efficiency

differential pressuredifferential pressure

dust holding capacitydust holding capacity

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing

filter media testing Manual Filter Media Test Rig MBP 116

design and development of filter media

quality control at filter media production

manually adjusted air flow rate

easy to use, simple design, small dimensions, low cost

Applications Determination of differential pressure, gravimetric filtration efficiency and dust loading capacity of various types of filter media

Suitable Filter Media planar filter media

diameter of filter under test 125mm, thickness of 0 … 1,5 mm

Test Duct Dimensions diameter 112 mm, length (upstream) 1000 mm

Flow Rate Generation compressed air supply max. 46 Nm³/h @ 5,5 bar two vacuum ejector pumps

0,5 … 15,5 m³/h, steps =0,5 m³/h, accuracy 5% *)

filter face velocity 0,015 … 0,43 m/s filter surface load 50 … 1570 m³/(m²h)

Dust Disperser SAG 410/U for smallest dust output rates and critical test dusts feeding range > 70 mg/h (> 4,5 mg/m³) applicable for ISO 12103-2 A2, ISO 12103-2 A4, VDI 3926 Pural NF, soot

Power Supply 85-264VAC 50/60Hz , 85-370VDC

Dimensions 750 x 500 x 1750 mm (L x W x H)

Space Requirement 1000 x 1000 x 2500 mm (L x W x H)

Weight 65 kg

Sampling Ports Ports available for differential pressure and fractional efficiency measurements

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing

inlet filterinlet filter

aerosolaerosol

upstream measurement


downstream measurement


test filtertest filter

absolute filter

absolute filter

pp

backup filterbackup filter

throttlethrottle

pumppump

1

2

3

45

6

7

inlet filterinlet filter

aerosolaerosol





test filtertest filter

absolute filter

absolute filter

pp

backup filterbackup filter

throttlethrottle

pumppump

1

2

3

45

6

7


8

9

1

2

4 8

9

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing

HEPA - Filter Paper

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Gravimetric Loading [mg]

Dif

fere

nti

al P

res

su

re [

mb

ar]


gravimetric loading: HEPA filter paper fractional efficiency: standard filter paper

Filter loading

test dust: ISO 12103-A2 (AC fine)

air flow rate: 3m³/h

particle measurements: LAP321 (Topas)

switching unit: SYS520 (Topas)

dilution system: DIL55x (Topas)

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing

filter media testing Automated Filter Media Test Rig AFC 13x

design and development of filter media

quality control at filter media production

fully automated test procedure according to VDI 3926 / ISO 11057

“Air quality - Test method for filtration characterisation of cleanable filter media”

differential pressure characteristics

dust holding capacity

arrestance

fractional filter efficiency

1) dust generator SAG 410/P

2) atomizer aerosol generator ATM 220

3) test filter

4) absolute filter

5) aerosol spectrometer LAP 321

6) switching unit SYS 520

7) pressure tank

1

2

3 4

5

6

7

VDI 3926 / ISO 11057

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing


Air flow 2...64 m³/h ±2%

Face velocities 0.05...1 m/s

Diff. pressure 0...1250 Pa ±2%

Cross section 176 cm² (150 mm)

Sensors Temperature, relative humidity

Tank pressure 0.2...0.6 MPa

Pulse time 50..150 ms

Aerosol spectrometer LAP 321, Topas 0.3...20 µm (<10

5 Particles/cm³)

Test aerosols Dusts: ISO 12103-A2 (Fine), ISO 12103-A4 (Coarse), soot, calcite, Pural, ...

DEHS, DOP; paraffin, PAO

Salt aerosols

PSL aerosols

Power supply 3 230 V AC, 16 A

Size 2800 800 1500 mm

Weight approx. 120 kg

dust generator SAG410/P especially suitable for testing with Pural NF or soot

adjustable mass flow rate

reliable long-term non-stop operation

(VDI 3926: total test duration 14h)

Dust Generator SAG410/U, Pural NF

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 100 200 300 400 500

Time [min]

Ma

ss

Flo

w R

ate

[g

/h]

cV = 2,1%

VDI 3926 / ISO 11057

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing

Control and Data Acquisition Software PAFWin


hardware

visualization

VDI 3926 / ISO 11057

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing



differential pressure test

cleanable filter

cyclic pressure pulses flow

rate

[m

³/h]

pre

ssure

[P

a]

time [hh:mm:ss]

VDI 3926 / ISO 11057

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing



fractional efficiency

aerosol spectrometer LAP 321

switching unit SYS 520

particle size [µm]

eff

icie

ncy

[%]

VDI 3926 / ISO 11057

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing


© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing


general requirements on test conditions:

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing

filter element testing Standard Air Filters ALF 114

EN 779, ASHRAE 52.2

testing of particulate air filters

for general ventilation

according to EN 779, Ashrae 52.2

universal filter holder

pocket and cassette filters

filter cartridges, flat filters

highly automated

Air flow rate 200 … 7000 m³/h (at standard conditions)

Differential pressure max. 2000 Pa

Test aerosol DEHS, other on request

Loading dust ASHRAE test dust, AC fine, AC coarse

Discharge aerosol DEHS, KCl

Filter samples Pocket and cassette filters with max. dimensions 610 x 610 mm

Filter cartridges, max. 400 mm diameter, length of max. 1.5 m

Flat media max. surface 1 m²

Compressed air supply 6 bar

Power supply 400 V AC, 80 A

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing


EN 779, ASHRAE 52.2

general setup: room requirements

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing


EN 779, ASHRAE 52.2

general setup

SAG

ATM EAN

.

V

3 4 5 6 2 1

1 – aerosol mixing

2 – upstream measurement

3 – filter under test

4 – backup filter, downstream measurement

5 – protective filter

6 – flow rate generation + measurement

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing


EN 779, ASHRAE 52.2

different types of test filters applicable, easy and quick filter mounting

rotatable duct sections, universal filter holding system

1 – filter under test

2 – backup filter

3 – protective filter 1

2 3

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing


EN 779, ASHRAE 52.2

aerosol generation

atomizer aerosol generator ATM 230

electrostatic neutralizer EAN 581

ashrae dust generator SAG 440

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing


EN 779, ASHRAE 52.2


fractional efficiency

at different dust

loading

2 particle counters

0,2 … 10 µm

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing


EN 779, ASHRAE 52.2

test results in comparison to an independent and accredited test institute

VTT technical research centre of Finland

very good correlation

EN 779

Filter class

Initial differential pressure Fractional efficiency at 0,4 µm

VTT Topas ALF 114 VTT Topas ALF 114

F6 98 Pa 102 Pa 21,3 % 23,6 %

F7 114 Pa 114 Pa 53,9 % 48,5 %

F8 126 Pa 133 Pa 67,5 % 70,3 %

F9 156 Pa 157 Pa 85,7 % 81,6 %

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing

filter element testing HEPA/ULPA Filter Scanner AFS 15x

EN 1822

EN 1822-4: filter scanning, leak detection, local filter efficiency

EN 1822-5: integral filter efficiency

classification of HEPA/ULPA filters

retraceable documented

100% filter inspection

Filter class efficiency (integral) efficiency (local)

H10 > 85 % ---

H11 > 95 % ---

H12 > 99,5 % ---

H13 > 99,95 % > 99,75 %

H14 > 99,995 % > 99,975 %

U15 > 99,9995 % > 99,9975 %

U16 > 99,99995 % > 99,99975 %

U17 > 99,999995 % > 99,9999 %

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing


EN 1822

Filter dimensions 305/1830 x 305/1220 x 50/300 mm

Air flow rate 180 ... 5000 m³/h ±1%

Filter face velocity 0.45m/s

Differential Pressure

0...1000 Pa ±0.5%

Aerosol Generator Wide concentration range atomizer aerosol generator ATM241

Scanning Traverse 3-axis computer controlled, precision stepper motors, positioning precision and reproducibility better than 0.05mm, maximum velocity of 25cm/s, 1 … 10cm/s as per EN1822-4

Sampling Probe 30 30mm

Compressed air supply

Max. 6 bar

Air Quality Room air (20 °C, <75 %rH)

Aerosol material DEHS, DOP, PAO (Emery 3004), PSL, NaCl, KCl

Power supply 3x400 VAC, 100 A, 50/60 Hz

Required Space 10 x 3 x 2.5 m

Required footprint 10 x 3 m

universal filter holder AFS 150

most flexible model

different customized filter dimensions

short and precise adjustment

manual scanner AFS 152

add-on equipment to existing leakage test benches

retraceable documented 100% filter inspection

cabinet filter holder AFS 151

adapter plates for each filter dimension

limited number of filter dimensions

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing


EN 1822

fully automated filter scanning

AFS 150, AFS 151

manual filter scanning

AFS 152

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filter testing


EN 1822


Frame - Scan

EN 1822-4 scan test

frame scan + filter scan detection of potential leaks

mini scan x, y position of minimum local efficiency

static measurement at potential leak position minimum local efficiency

averaging counts during the whole scan integral efficiency

Filter - Scan

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing


EN 1822


static measurement at several

filter positions chosen by the

operator

EN 1822-5 static test

multiple static measurements, free choise of x, y coordinates

no 100% filter validation, fast control test

local efficiency at these positions

integral efficiency from averaging

© 2010 Topas GmbH

filter testing

Reference Customers more than 85 test rigs installed worldwide

Automated Filter Media Test Rig AFC 13x (VDI 3926-II, ISO 11057)

MAHLE (Germany) STFI (Germany) Norafin (Germany) Bernard Dumas (France)

Kolon (Korea) University of Stuttgart (Germany) BG Filters (China)

Motor Air Intake Filters ABP 115 (ISO 5011)

Mann+Hummel (Germany, USA, India, Spain) Freudenberg (Germany)

Mahle (China) Donaldson (USA, Belgium) Hengst (Germany) Misfat (Tunesia)

Cabin Air Filters PAF 11x (DIN 71460, ISO 11155)

Mann+Hummel (Germany) Freudenberg (Germany) Japan Vilene (Japan) 3M (Korea)

Korea Vilene (Korea) Kitech (Korea) Filtrauto (France) Sung Jin (Korea)

Clean & Science (Korea) Shandong Filter (China)

Standard Air Filters ALF 114 (EN 779, ASHRAE 52.2)

Freudenberg (Germany) Sofrance (France) Funcate (Brazil) Northern (UAE)

Mikropor (Turkey) Unifil (Switzerland) Hanjin (Korea) Deltrian (Belgium)

Filtrair (Netherlands)

HEPA/ULPA Filter Scanner AFS 15x (EN 1822)

Freudenberg (Germany) HS-Luftfilterbau (Germany) Mikropor (Turkey)

Donaldson (Thailand) Jack Filter (Austria) Jasun Filters (UK)

Filter Testing An overview on Topas equipment - exisab.com · Filter Testing An overview on Topas...

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