Filter Loading and Backwash Rates Well Yields and Chlorine Dosage in Waterworks Operation
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Transcript of Filter Loading and Backwash Rates Well Yields and Chlorine Dosage in Waterworks Operation
Filter Loading and Backwash Rates Well Yields and Chlorine Dosage in
Waterworks Operation
Math for Water TechnologyMTH 082
Lecture Chapter 4 & 8- Applied Math for Water Plant Operators
Loading Rate Calculations (pg 62-66); Well yield (163-177)Mathematics Chapter 19-20 &23- Basic science Concepts and
Applications (pg 183-190; 197-203)
Objectives
1. Filter overviews2. Filter loading and backwash rates3. Well yield 4. Chlorine dosage for a new well
Reading assignment: Chapter 4 & 8- Applied Math for Water Plant Operators Loading Rate Calculations (pg 62-66); Well yield (163-177)Mathematics Chapter 19-20 &23- Basic science Concepts and Applications (pg 183-190; 197-203)
Conventional Treatment • Conventional Treatment – common treatment steps used to remove turbidity from the initial source water.
2. Flocculation 3. Sedimentation 4. Filtration1. Coagulation
Pretreatment
Raw Water
Rapid or flash Mixing
Alum, polymer
SlowFast
SludgeWashwater
5. Clear Well Disinfection
Distri
bution
ClearwellBackwash
pumps
ChlorinationOzone
UV
High Rate FilterDual or Multi Media Filter
-4 times faster then rapid sand -granular activated carbon-anthracite coal-garnet sand and gravel-backwash ready (70 hr longevity)-excellent water quality
High Rate Filters
Anthracite Coal
Fine sand
Garnet sand
High Rate Filter
Dualmedia Filter
Anthracite Coal
Fine sand
Garnet sand
Monomedia Coarse sand
Monomedia Filter
Dual-media and multimedia filters
Requir
e an ex
t...
Can opera
te at.
..
Canno
t red
uce ...
Do not req
uire...
5% 5%0%
91%1. Require an extremely deep bed2. Can operate at three or four times the
rate of sand filters3. Cannot reduce turbidity4. Do not require backwashing
When mixed media filters composed of garnet, sand, and
crushed anthracite coal are used, which of the following
describes their placement in the filter bed?
Anthrac
ite co
a...
Garn
et on to
p,...
Sand on t
op, a...
Anthracite
coa..
.
8%
92%
0%0%
1. Anthracite coal on top, garnet in the middle, and sand on the bottom
2. Garnet on top, anthracite coal in the middle, and sand on the bottom
3. Sand on top, anthracite coal in the middle, and garnet on the bottom
4. Anthracite coal on top, sand in the middle, and garnet on the bottom
In a filter using gravel, anthracite, and sand, the
anthracite should be?
The top
laye
r ...
Benea
th the g
r...
Betwee
n the s
a...
Mixe
d with
the..
.
88%
0%12%
0%
1. The top layer of media2. Beneath the gravel3. Between the sand and the gravel4. Mixed with the sand
Pilot Filters
Anthracite Coal
Fine sand
Garnet sand
The main action of a mixed media filter is:
Straining
Disinfec
ting
Coagulat
ing
None of th
e ab..
.
87%
9%4%0%
1. Straining2. Disinfecting3. Coagulating4. None of the above
Backwash• Suspended particles entrapped by filter media. • Accumulation occurs:
– head loss within the filter to reach excessively high levels (6 to 8 feet of hydraulic head).
- Particles pass through the filter, water turbidities reach unacceptable levels
- Rule Backwash at 0.1 NTU- SWTR Allows 0.3 NTU.
Head Loss• Clean filter =0 psi= one foot of head loss on a
new filter• As filter clogs more negative pressure• Pressure builds in a linear fashion
-2.5 to -4.0 psi = 6 to 10 ft of head loss• More clogged greater the head loss• Remember 1 ft of water column = 0.433 psi• 2.31 ft of water for 1 psi change
Filter Backwash• Some plants use head loss, some use
time• Some plants use operator knowledge
and turbidity• Each operator has their own scheme!!• Parents and diapers--
The most critical criterion for determining when a mixed media filter should be backwashed is:
Filter e
ffluen
...
Flow ra
te
Head lo
ss
Visual
inspec
t...
52%
4%
39%
4%
1. Filter effluent quality2. Flow rate3. Head loss4. Visual inspection of the filter surface
Filtration Rate CalculationUnit Filter Run= (Total gal filtered gal) Filter Area (sq ft)
Filtration Rate= (flow gpm) Area (sq ft) Units will be gpm ft2!
Backwash Rate = (flow gpm) Area (sq ft)
Units will be gpm ft2!
Downward
Upward
The total water filtered during a filter run (between backwashes) is 2,950,000 gal. If the filter is 15 ft by 20 ft, What is the
unit filter run volume (UFRV)?
9.83
3 g/ft2
101.7
g/ft2
9833
g/ft2
0.98
33 g/ft2
25%
0%
75%
0%
L= 15 ft, W=20 ft; Rate 2,950,000 galA=L X WUFVR= (Total gallons filtered g) Area (sq ft)
A= 20 ft X 15 ft = 300 ft2
UFVR= (2,950,000 gal) 300 (sq ft) UFVR = 9833 g/ft2
GivenFormula
Solve:
1. 9.833 g/ft2
2. 101.7 g/ft2
3. 9833 g/ft2
4. 0.9833 g/ft2
The total water filtered during a filter run (between backwashes) is 4.8 MG. If the
filter is 20 ft by 30 ft, What is the unit filter run volume (UFRV)?
960
00 g/
ft2
8000
g/ft2
800 g
/ft2
0.00
8 g/ft2
0% 0%0%
100%
L= 20 ft, W=30 ft; Rate 4.8 MGA=L X WUFVR= (Total gallons filtered g) Area (sq ft)
A= 20 ft X 30 ft = 600 ft2
UFVR= (4,800,000 gal) 600 (sq ft) UFVR = 8000 g/ft2
GivenFormula
Solve:
1. 96000 g/ft2
2. 8000 g/ft2
3. 800 g/ft2
4. 0.008 g/ft2
A filter 20 ft by 25 ft receives a flow of 1940 gpm. What is the filtration rate in
gpm/ft2?
3.9
gpd/ft3
3.9 g
pm/ft2
0.25
gpm/ft2
0.25
gpd/ft3
11%0%6%
83%
L= 20 ft, W=25 ft; Rate 1940 gpmA=L X WFiltration Rate= (flow gpm) Area (sq ft)
A= 20 ft X 25 ft = 500 ft2
Filtration Rate= (1940 gpm) 500 (sq ft) Filtration Rate = 3.9 gpm/ft21. 3.9 gpd/ft3
2. 3.9 gpm/ft2
3. 0.25 gpm/ft2
4. 0.25 gpd/ft3
GivenFormula
Solve:
A filter 20 ft by 35 ft receives a flow of 1530 gpm. What is the filtration rate in
gpm/ft2?
2.2
gpm/ft2
2.2 g
pm/ft3
0.45
gpm/ft2
0.45
gpd/ft3
89%
0%0%11%
L= 20 ft, W=35 ft; Rate 1530 gpmA=L X WFiltration Rate= (flow gpm) Area (sq ft)
A= 20 ft X 35 ft = 700 ft2
Filtration Rate= (1530 gpm) 700 (sq ft) Filtration Rate = 2.2 gpm/ft21. 2.2 gpm/ft2
2. 2.2 gpm/ft3
3. 0.45 gpm/ft2
4. 0.45 gpd/ft3
GivenFormula
Solve:
A filter 25 ft by 30 ft receives a flow of 3.3 MGD. What is the filtration rate in
gpm/ft2?
3.1 g
pm/ft3
0.32
gpm/ft2
3.1 g
pm/ft2
0.32
gpd/ft3
0% 0%
100%
0%
L= 25 ft, W=30 ft;Rate 3.3 MG 1,000,000 gal 1 Day D 1MG 1440 minA=L X WFiltration Rate= (flow gpm) Area (sq ft)
A= 25 ft X 30 ft = 750 ft2
Filtration Rate= (2292 gpm) 750 (sq ft) Filtration Rate = 3.1 gpm/ft2
1. 3.1 gpm/ft3
2. 0.32 gpm/ft2
3. 3.1 gpm/ft2
4. 0.32 gpd/ft3
GivenFormula
Solve:
GivenFormula
Solve:
A filter 25 ft by 10 ft has a backwash rate of 3400 gpm. What is the filter backwash
rate in gpm/ft2?
13.1
gpm/ft3
0.07
4 gpm
/ft2
13.6
gpm/ft2
136 g
pd/ft3
0% 0%
100%
0%
L= 25 ft, W=10 ft; Rate 3400 gpmA=L X WBackwash Rate = (flow gpm) Area (sq ft)
A= 25 ft X 10 ft = 250 ft2
Filter Backwash Rate= (3400 gpm) 250 (sq ft) Filter Backwash Rate = 13.6 gpm/ft2
1. 13.1 gpm/ft3
2. 0.074 gpm/ft2
3. 13.6 gpm/ft2
4. 136 gpd/ft3
GivenFormula
Solve:
A filter 20 ft by 15 ft has a backwash rate of 4.5 MGD. What is the filter backwash
rate in gpm/ft2?
10.4
gpm/ft3
0.01
gpm/ft2
10.4
gpm/ft2
0.01
gpd/ft3
6% 0%
94%
0%
L= 20 ft, W=15 ft; ft;Rate 4.5 MG 1,000,000 gal 1 Day D 1MG 1440min A=L X WBackwash Rate = (flow gpm) Area (sq ft)
A= 20 ft X 15 ft = 300 ft2
Filter Backwash Rate= (3125 gpm) 300 (sq ft) Filter Backwash Rate = 10.4 gpm/ft21. 10.4 gpm/ft3
2. 0.01 gpm/ft2
3. 10.4 gpm/ft2
4. 0.01 gpd/ft3
Well Problems• Drawdown ft = pumping water level – static water level ft
• Well yield = Flow gallons duration of Test, min
• Specific yield, gpm/ft = (Well yield gpm) (Drawdown ft)
• Well casing disinfectionlbs= (dose mg/L Cl2)(water in well casing MG)(8.34 lb/gal)Chlorine lbs = chlorine lbs % available chlorine 100
GivenFormula
Solve:
Before the pump is started the water level is measured at 140 ft. The pump is then started. If the pumping water level is determined to be 167 ft, what is the
drawdown in ft?
307 f
t -2
7 ft
27 ft 0
ft
0% 0%
100%
0%
Static WL= 140 ft, Pumped WL=167 ft
Drawdown ft = pumping water level – static water level ft
Drawdown = 167 ft- 140 ftDrawdown = 27 ft
1. 307 ft2. -27 ft3. 27 ft4. 0 ft
GivenFormula
Solve:
During a five minute test for well yield, a total of 740 gallons are removed from the
well. What is the well yield in gpm?
67 gp
m
148 g
pm
3700
gpm 0
gpm
0% 4%0%
96%
total = 740 gal, time = 5 minutes
Well yield = Flow gallons Duration of Test, min
Well yield = 740 gallons = 148 gpm 5 min 1. 67 gpm2. 148 gpm3. 3700 gpm4. 0 gpm
GivenFormula
Solve:
How many lbs of calcium hypochlorite (65% available chlorine) is required to disinfect a well if the casing is 18 inches in diameter and 220 ft long, with water level at 100 ft from the top of the well? The desired dose is
50 mg/L?
2 lbs
1 lbs
.02 l
bs
0.65
lbs
24%
6%0%
71%
Cl= 65/100 D=18 in=1.5 ft Well 220-100 =120 ft220 ft - 100 ft = 120 ft water in well(0.785)(D2)(H) = ft3
(0.785)(1.5 ft)(1.5 ft) (120 ft)(7.48 gal/ft3)= 1585 gal(50 mg/L)(.001585 MG)(8.34 lb/gal) = 1.01lbs 65/100
1. 2 lbs2. 1 lbs3. .02 lbs4. 0.65 lbs
Today’s objective: Filter Loading Rates, Filter Backwash Rates, Well yield and
chlorine dosage of new wells been met?
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutra
l
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
0% 0% 0%0%0%
1. Strongly Agree2. Agree3. Neutral4. Disagree5. Strongly Disagree