FILMS FINAL

8/7/2019 FILMS FINAL

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FILMS TODAY


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Introduction

The Indian film industry is considered to be the largest film industry in the

world in terms of number of films produced and released every year.

India has remained the largest producer of motion pictures in the world foryears but it is just beginning to realize its full potential.

The audience consists of an estimated 3.6 billion people with 14 territorieswithin India and 52 counties across the globe.

Our films are screened in more than 100 countries and watched by nearly 4billion people worldwide. Internationally, Bollywood is one of Indias best-known brands.

cumulative consumer spending on the Indian filmed entertainment products isestimated to be in excess of rupees 60 billion every year.

Indian cinema has always tried to showcase Indian culture in all its cons

equence.


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BRIEF HISTORY OF INDIAN MOVIE INDUSTRY

Motion pictures came to India in 1896, when the Lumire Brothers'

Chinematographe unveiled six soundless short films in Bombay (now

Mumbai).

The first Indian on record to make a movie was Harishchandra Sakharam

Bhatvadekar (nickname: Save Dada).

India's first feature film named "King Harishchandra" was released in

1913. It was made by Dhundiraj Govind Phalke (nickname: Dadasaheb

Phalke, 1817-1944). This was a silent movie.

By 1920, film making had taken the shape of an industry. By the 1930s, the

industry was producing over 200 films per annum.


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Golden Age

Following India's independence, the period from the late 1940s to the 1960s

are regarded by film historians as the "Golden Age" of Hindi cinema. Some ofthe most critically-acclaimed Hindi films of all time were produced during

this period. Examples include the Guru Dutt films Pyaasa (1957) and Kaagaz

Ke Phool (1959) and the Raj Kapoor films Awaara (1951) and Shree 420

(1955). These films expressed social themes mainly dealing with working-

class urban life in India;

Modern cinema

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, romance movies and action films starred .

In the mid-1970s, romantic confections made way for gritty, violent films

about gangsters (see Indian mafia) and bandits.

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the pendulum swung back toward

family-centric romantic musicals.


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The 2000s saw a growth in Bollywood's popularity in the world. This led thenation's filmmaking to new heights in terms of quality, cinematography and

innovative story lines as well as technical advances in areas such as special

effects, animation, etc.

Some of the largest production houses, among them Yash Raj Films andDharma Productions were the producers of new modern films.

The opening up of the overseas market, more Bollywood releases abroad

and the explosion of multiplexes in big cities, led to wider box office

successes in India and abroad.

The Hindi film industry has preferred films that appeal to all segments of the

audience and has resisted making films that target narrow audiences. It was

believed that aiming for a broad spectrum would maximise box office

receipts.


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Today's Film Structure

DirectorThe main controller, he gives order to the cast and crew and makes sure

that the script is followed.

Producer (s) Raises money for making the film and other important activities.

Screenplay writerThe person who writes the script.

EditorCuts and connects the best versions of the film and create the final version

CastThe actor & actress who appear in the film.

Casting directorThe person who chooses the actors for each role in the film.

Extras The people who appear in crowd scenes but do not have speaking parts.


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Composer He writes the music or adapts an existing score as a

backing track to the film.

Lyricist The person who writes words to a song.

Sound Engineer Person responsible for proper and synchronized

recording of the sound with the action.

CinematographerThe person who directs the lighting and films.

Animatronics Engineer Responsible for making the robotic

creatures used in science- fiction film.

Special effects coordinator Person responsible for creating

spectacular scenes .


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Gaffer The chief electrician, who is responsible for lighting the set.

Best boy The deputy electrician ,assistant to the gaffer.

Key grip A grip is responsible for moving the sets and laying the tracks on

which camera run ,key grip is the person incharge of all this grips.

Stunt man/woman The specialist who perform the action which are toodifficult.

Make-up artist The person who applies the cosmetics which improve the

actor look under the studio lights.

Costume Designer Designs the special clothing worn by the cast and crew.


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Indian cinema includes


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1) Indian Art Cinema/ Parallel Cinema

Parallel Cinema, also known asArt Cinema or the Indian New Wave,is a specific movement in Indian cinema, known for its seriouscontent, realism and naturalism, with a keen eye on the social-political climate of the times.

The movement was initially led by Bengali cinema (which hasproduced internationally acclaimed filmmakers such as Satyajit Ray,and others) and then gained prominence in the other film industriesof India.

Some of the films in this movement have garnered commercialsuccess, successfully stradling art and commercial cinema. Anexample of this was Bimal Roy's Two Acres of Land(1953), whichwas both a commercial success and a critical success, winning theInternational Prize at the 1954 Cannes Film Festival. The film'ssuccess paved the way for the Indian New Wave.


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2) Indian Commercial Cinema

Commercial cinema is the most popular form of cinema in India. Ever since

its inception the commercial Indian movies have seen huge following.

Commercial or popular cinema is made not only in Hindi but also in many

other regional languages of East and South India.

Commercial films, in whatever languages they are made, tend to be quite

long (approx three hours), with an interval. Another important feature of

commercial cinema in India is music.

They are also known as masala films. Masala is a style of Indian cinema,especially in Bollywood and South Indian films, in which there is a mix of

various genres in one film. For example, a film can portray action, comedy,

drama, romance and melodrama all together.


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Regional Cinema

Indian film industry comprises of Hindi films, regional movies and art

cinema.

India is a large country where many languages are spoken. Many of thelarger languages support their own film industry.

Some of the popular regional film industries in India are Bengali, Tamil,

Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Punjabi. The Hindi/Urdu film industry,

based in Mumbai, formerly Bombay, is called Bollywood.


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A) Bengali cinema

The Bengali language cinematic tradition of Tollygunge in West Bengal has

had reputable filmmakers such as Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak and Mrinal

Sen among its most acclaimed Recent Bengali films that have captured

national attention.

In 1932, the name "Tollywood" was coined for the Bengali film industry.

B) Malayalam cinema The Malayalam films find audiences in India's Kerala state, which has the

high literacy rates and an established tradition of theater.

The Malayalam film industry comprises commercial as well as art films.


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C) Tamil cinema

The Tamil language film industry, known as Tamil cinema, is one of the

largest film industries in India in terms of quality and technology, and is

based in the Kodambakkam district of Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

D) Telugu cinema

The Telugu language film industry of Andhra Pradesh is currently the

largest in India in terms of number of movies produced in a year.The state

of Andhra Pradesh has the highest number of cinema halls in India.

E) Kannada cinema

Kannada industry is referred as "Sandlewood". Bangalore is center for

Kannada film making.

also: marathi Bhojpuri cinema, Oriya cinema, and Punjabi cinema.


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Competitive Landscape

In 2005, India produced 1,041 films, second in the world to China at 2,601,

but ahead of the US at 611. However, in India there are only 9,000 screens

in comparison with 38,500 in China, and 37,482 in the US.

At 500 million ticket sales per year, India trails behind China (1,430 million)

and the US (1,400 million).

The amount spent per film in India is significantly less than in the US,

averaging $500,000 per film in comparison with $14 million.

However, in order to allow Bollywood to compete more globally, banks arenow allowed to fund up to $1 million per film, or up to 40% of their

production cost.


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The export of Bollywood films is increasing. In 2005, Bollywood films in theUS made $100 million, and in the UK a Bollywood film is often in the top10 most popular movies.

Bollywood is popular in South Asian countries, especially Nepal, Pakistan,Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka.

Bollywood sold 3.6 billion tickets and had total revenues (theatre tickets,DVDs, television etc.) of US$1.3 billion, whereas Hollywood films sold 2.6billion tickets and generated total revenues (again from all formats) ofUS$51 billion.

Film music

Music in Indian cinema is a substantial revenue generator, with the musicrights alone accounting for 4-5% of the net revenues generated by a film inIndia. The major film music companies of India are Saregama, Sony Musicetc. Commercially, film music accounts for 48% India's net music sales.


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Changing face of Cinema

100 days? Too late!

One trend that was pretty obvious this year was that of a film's fatebeing sealed in a couple of days instead of the usual 100-day, 200-day runs.

Producers and distributors, in a hurry to make hay with the first raysof the sun, have shortened the time to bring films to DVDs and CDsfor fear of piracy. As a result, the fate of most films was clear withina couple of days and the collections within a couple of weeks.

Perhaps the best example of this is Farah Khan's Om Shanti Om

This is in direct contrast to the past, where films like Gadar - EkPrem Katha, released in 2001, were judged on how long they stayedin the theaters.


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Multiplexes move in

There are 173 multiplexes comprising 576 screens operating in India ascompared to approximately 15,000 cinema halls in India. Multiplexes, thus,constitute 6 % of total cinema halls and 12.3 % of total screens in India.

Three thousand of the 12,000 cinema halls in India are housed in mobile

cinemas. 6000-7000 cinema screens are located in Southern India states whichhave traditionally been weak markets for Hindi films.

Western India, Northern India and Eastern India constitute strongest marketsfor Hindi films where they are screened in around 4500 cinemas.

Based on the Gross Box Office Collections (GBOC) available for Hindi filmsreleased in 2004, these multiplexes constitute 28-34% (depending on 35-40%occupancy) of total GBOC for Top 50 Hindi films and 21-25% of total GBOC forall Hindi films


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Box-Office Collections

Gross Box Office Collections of all Hindi films have increased from rupees11.99 billion in 2004 to rupees 17.99 billion in 2008.

Collection Trends

GBOC over the opening weekend, first week and first three weeks

contributed 23%, 43% and 81% of total GBOC for Top 20 Hindi films in2004.

Foreign Films in India

Foreign films grossed rupees 2800 million in 2008 and constituted 15-17%

and 20% of GBOC for all Hindi films and Top 50 Hindi films respectively.Proportion of GBOC of foreign films lies between 5-10% of total GBOC of

all Indian films.


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DVD, CD opened new revenue channel

Blame it on the technology boom or the deepening of pockets, the DVD andCD market opened up a huge avenue for making money from releases aftertheir run in theaters.

Online shopping gave further impetus to the trend and with DVD playersbeing as common as refrigerators in houses, the market become a revenuegenerator.

The sales of film DVDs and CDs have doubled and the time taken for films toshrink from the big screen into these has also become shorter.

Obviously, if the DVD of a film has to be out within a couple of weeks, thetheater earnings have to be quick. That, in turn, changed the process of

promotions, post production and distribution.

Mobile and internet promotions also opened new revenue streams.Financers, producers and distributors created much hype around theirproducts to run their films to packed houses in the first few weeks itself.


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Advertising

Many Indian artists used to make a living by hand-painting movie

billboards and posters Releasing the film music, or music videos, before

the actual release of the film can also be considered a form of advertising.

A popular tune is believed to help pull audiences into the theaters.

Bollywood publicists have begun to use the Internet as a venue for

advertising. Most of the better-funded film releases now have their own

websites, where browsers can view trailers, stills, and information about

the story, cast, and crew.


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Awards

The Filmfare Awards ceremony is one of the most prominent film events

given for Hindi films in India. The Indian screen magazine Filmfare started

the first Filmfare Awards in 1954, and awards were given to the best filmsof 1953.

As the Filmfare, the National Film Awards were introduced in 1954. Since

1973, the Indian government has sponsored the National Film Awards,

awarded by the government run Directorate of Film Festivals (DFF).

The DFF screens not only Bollywood films, but films from all the otherregional movie industries and independent/art films. These awards are

handed out at an annual ceremony presided over by the President of

India.

Other awards

Stardust Awards

Star Screen Awards

IIFA Awards

Zee Cine Awards

l d f il ifi i


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Central Board of Film Certification

The Central Board of Film Certification ( Popularly known as Censor Board ) is a

government of India regulatory body and censorship board of India controlled byMinistry of Information and Broadcasting. It reviews, rates and censors movies,television shows, television ads, and promotional material.

Censorship in India mainly targets religious issues. It is justified by the governmentas necessary to maintain communal harmony, peace and tranquillity, given thehistory of communal tension.

The Central Board of Film Certification, the regulatory film body of India, regularlyorders directors to remove anything it deems offensive, including sex, nudity,violence or subjects considered politically subversive.

Censor board plays an important role in determining correct and ethically rightthings to the people as the cinema we watch in someway or the other directlyimpacts us.


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Rating System

U : Unrestricted Public Exhibition: This rating is given to films suitable for

'family viewing'. A movie with 'U' rating contains no or mild violence and

sensuality.

U/A : Unrestricted Public Exhibition but with parental guidance for childrenbelow 12 years. This rating is given to a movie which contains mild violence,

language and sensuality.

A : Adults: 'A' Films are meant for Adult audience above 18 years only. This

rating is given to a movie which contains heavy dose of violence, sexuality,frightening images and language.

S : Specialised Audience: This rating is given very rarely and signifies that the

film is meant for specialised audience such as Doctors etc.


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Film education institute

Film and Television Institute of India

Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute Asian Academy of Film & Television


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Thank U

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