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FILM PRODUCTION CYCLE: PRODUCTION

Stage 1: Development, planning + pre-production

Development: Before green lighting a film project: 8 factors to takeinto account

1. Story2. Appeal3. Genre4. Past experience5. Budget

6. Castability7. Marketability8. Payability

Development of the script - director and script editorPutting together 'the package' - script, director, actor(s)Agreeing a finance/distribution dealWorking out a budgetCasting the film

Booking the Producer, Cinematographer, Production andLocation Managers, Prod,designer, Asst Directors and Editor

Stage 1: Development, planning + pre-production

Planning > pre-production: Putting together the technical crewBooking the locationsBuilding the setsCostumesH+S, insurance, permissions, legal stuffPreparing the shooting schedule- usually non chronological to save timePlanning a detailed budgetOverall organisationCreation of setsAccommodationTravelPlanning the lookDecisions about film technology/equipment needed to create the look

Stage 2: Production

Turning the script into a shot list - creative choices anddecisions

Location management/challengesManaging the team/relationshipsCreation of a style - naturalistic, realism, historicalCreation of a look - mise-en-scene, aestheticsWorking with the technology/technical challengesAdapting the scriptSticking to the budget - balancing costs and creativityMinimising risk

Logistics of filming in a studio and on locationWeather complicationsPreparing the call sheetMaking compromises - usually because of time/costPost-production

Stage 3: Post-production

Harnessing the technologyDeveloping the storyMany choices and options - which shots, what orderFinalising the musicCutting the film down from initial 'construction'

1st assembly edit - what to take out or leave inDevelopment of the final cutPreviews/test screeningsResponding to feedbackLocking the pictureGradingDelivery of the film to the distributorAlso stills / featurettes / cast interviews / making of

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FILM PRODUCTION CYCLE: DISTRIBUTION

Part1:

  Production company: choosing a distributor  Relationship between director, production co.

and distributor  Vertical integration - distribution via one

institution  Advantages/disadvantages of the backing of a

major  studio compared to raising the finances

independently  Financing a film, agreeing a budget, tailoring

the budget to the audience  Investment opportunity/consideration of risk  Recouping costs, making a profit, showing a

return to investors

Part 2:

  The business side of thecreative film making process

  Working closely with the film'sproducer – intervention ifrequired

  Sticking to theschedule/ensuring the film isdelivered on time

  Testing the film prior to grading,re-editing if

  audience feedback suggestschanges are needed

Part 3:

  Planning the film's theatricalrelease - where + when

  Dating a film  Knowing your audience, reaching

your audience  Dealing with exhibitors  Planning a local, national or

international release

  Marketing the film  Marketability + Payability

Part 6:

  Judging the success of afilm

  Weekend box-officetakings and screenaverages

  Success compared to

other films  Competition from similar

films  Box office takings and

DVD sales compared tothe film's

  budget  Use of data

Part 5:

  Advantages of D-Cinema to thedistributor Advantages of the web -more legal distribution channels -mo ways to reach the audience >greater profits Disadvantages of theweb - illegal downloadingOpportunities offered by converged/portable technology - providingmore and diverse ways to reach theaudience

Part 4:

  Costs of each print  Agreeing distribution deals/distribution rights  Choosing the right distribution

channels/outlets -  theatrical, festivals, dvd, web, tv

  Selling the film across a range of platforms -theatrical,

  dvd, web, tv rights  DVD shelf space or online sales  Effects of the recession on DVD sales  Classification costs and issues

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FILM PRODUCTION CYCLE: MARKETING

Part 1:

  Who is the audience? Marketing to a specific audience  Audience appeal - uses and gratifications  How an audience judges a film  How marketing works on the audience  Testing the film and tracking audience recollection  Marketability

  Payability  Deciding on the marketing budget

Part 3:

  Synergy - using one product to sell another  Horizontal integration - all content produced under one

roof-film, CD soundtrack, dvd  Symbiosis - mutually beneficial licensing deals  Web based marketing

  Viral/ interactive marketing  360 degree marketing strategy  Stealth marketing  3 stages of film marketing  Broad/ niche tactics - placement of marketing

Part 2:

  Who and what is being marketed - promotingmore than just the film

  Branding  Construction of a narrative image  Deciding the film's USP

Part 4:

  The official website - downloads,merchandise,

  interactivity

  Trailers  Posters  TV spots  Internet  Reviews  Word of mouth - fan sites  Special articles, featurettes, teasers,

log lines, exclusives

  Planning the premiere, creating a buzz,front page

  photos  DVD cover  Press release  Festivals - creating an identity for the

director as well as the film

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FILM PRODUCTION CYCLE: EXHIBITION

Pros of changing technology for cinemaseg D-Cinema and broadband, satellite

dish, web and email direct marketingopportunities, booking online, morechoice and diversity for the audience

Awareness of audience needs +audience expectations, targeting theaudience

Use of research to determine thelocal audience and track changes inlocal demography

Cons of changing technologies eg piracyand illegal downloading, increased

The need to constantly update, expand anddiversify to remain competitive and providethe audience with a special experience

Finding new ways to retain and widenappeal - cafe-bar, clubs, special screenings,satellite link-ups, festivals etc

Local competition – O2 Vue,Greenwich Odeon, Bexleyheath

Cineworld, Greenwich Picture House,etc 

Alternative forms of online exhibition -pros and cons for the audience andindustry - eg streaming sites, legaland illegal downloading

Exhibition via portable convergedtechnology, exhibition 'on the go',DVD, Multi-channel Di ital TV

Differences between independentand multiplex cinemas pros and

cons

Laws and legal factors,Licensing Act, regulation

Marketing and promotion

Audience - pros and cons of thedifferent forms of exhibitionavailable

Industry - pros and cons of thedifferent forms of exhibitionavailable