Fill in the Blanks2003

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Chapter 13

1. The nuclear power plant that was constructed at a cost of $5.6 billion, but functioned only

for 32 hours was Shoreham nuclear plant on Long Island.

2. Nearly 70% of all nuclear reactors are of PWR / Fusion reactors type3. The amount of radiation given out by one gram of R 226 in one second is called 1 curie

4. The radioactive Uranium will decay into its stable element called Lead

5. ‘Megaton to megawatt’ agreement was signed between countries Us and USSR

6. Deuterium oxide [D2O] is also called Heavy water

7. In fusion reactions,‘d-t reaction’ makes use of Deuterium and Tritium to form

Helium.

8. Biological effect produced by one Roentgen radiation on man is called 1 Rem

9. The LD50 of radiation for man is 500-600 roentgens

10. On 26th April 1986 meltdown of a power plant occurred. It was at Chernobyl

Chapter 14

1. The radiant energy from sun is 1370 watts per sq. meters

2. The radiant energy of 1370 watt per sq. meter from sun falling on earth is called Solar

constant

3. In order to encourage the public and corporate to adopt energy saving methods, the EPA

awarded labels to those who saved at least 40 % of energy, and it is called Energy Star

4. Photovoltaic cell was discovered by Alexander Edmund Becquerel in 1839.

5. The world’s largest wind farm is The King Wind Ranch in Upton Country, Texas.

6. The fibrous waste from sugar mills is called Bagasse

7. A mixture of 10% ethanol and gasoline is called Gasohol

8. A tax levied on a polluter in proportion to the CO2 emitted is called Carbon Tax

9. One terawatt is equal to 1 MBOE [Million Barrel of Oil Equivalent].

10. Biogas is a mixture of Methane and Carbon dioxide

Chapter 15

1. The study of diseases or abnormalities is called pathogen



2. When disease occurs simultaneously in large number of individuals in an area is called

epidemics

3. The incidence of disease in a population is called morbidity

4. Malaria is a disease of the circulatory system in the body

5. WHO introduced a scheme called ‘Roll back malaria’, according to which malarialmortality to be reduced to half by 2010 and again by half by 2015.

6. Radon is an indoor pollutant.

7. A dose of chemical substance to which 50% of the population is sensitive is called

LD50

8. Wild animal borne diseases such as White Water Arroyo virus and West Nile virus etc.

are called zoonoses

9. In 2000, The World Bank launched a Prevention Consortium to help developing

countries to cope with natural disasters.

10. Gonorrhea is a STD

Chapter 16

1. Control of pests by a combination of chemical. Cultural and ecological methods is called

IPM

2. Chemicals that kill animals like rats, mice, bandicoots are called Rodenticide

3. An organochlorine pesticide is DDT/Endrin/Aldrin/BHC4. DDT was discovered by Paul Muller in 1934.

5. According to entomologist, Robert Von Den Bosch, resistance of a pest to a pesticide

leads to the emergence of a more resistant pest. A more resistant pest leads to the

discovery of more potent pesticides. Thus it becomes an endless cycle called, Pesticide

treadmill

6. One of the insects used in biological control is Lady bird/Dragon fly/ Praying

mantis

7. Gyptol released by some insects is a Pheromone

8. The concept of sterilizing the insects by irradiation was developed by the entomologist,

Edward Knipling

9. The habit of spraying pesticides on fruits and vegetables, so that these would not be

disfigured by pests and would look attractive, is called Cosmetic spraying

10. The practice of spraying pesticides even when there is no apparent pest attack, so that any

11. future pest attack nay be prevented is called, Insurance spraying.



Chapter 17

1. Oxygen sag in a water body indicates increased BOD2. An increase in biological productivity in waters containing more organic nutrients is

called Eutrophication

3. One of the common pesticide containing copper is Copper sulphate

4. Periodically draining out the waters from the ponds to kill the excessive plankton is

called Draw down

5. Minamata disease in Japan in 1956 was due to poisoning of the river by the heavy metal -

Mercury

6. During preliminary sewage treatment the water is passed through rows of iron bars called

Bar screens to remove large suspended wastes.

7. During activated sludge treatment of sewage the decomposed organic matter will settle at

the bottom as clumps called Flocs

8. A disease called Itai –Itai in Japan was due to the poisoning of the river Jintsu by a metal

called Cadmium

9. In sewage water treatment the stage where biological inorganic nutrients like nitrogen,

phosphorus etc. are removed is called Tertiary treatment.

10. Passing samples of water through filter paper and placing the paper in a Petri dish

containing nutrients and counting the bacterial colonies after 24 hrs. is a method of determining the level of contamination of water. It is called E .coli index



Chapter 18

1. A system where citizens pay tax in proportion to the waste they throw is called PAYT

2. Deep trenches where municipal and other wastes are dumped and compacted daily is

called Land fills.

3. The leachate from the land fills containing iron, lead, zinc etc. that reaches the

underground waters is called Witch brew

4. River View in Michigan has a 212 acre land fill that supplies energy to 3700 homes in the

area. It is called Mount Trashmore

5. The largest proportion, 60%, of recycled material is Paper

6. In recycling plastic Code no. 1 refers to PETE – Polyethylene trephthalate.

7. In recycling plastic Code no. 2 refers to HDPE- High density polyethylene.

8. Jessie H O’Neill coined the term, Affluenza to describe the impulsive and unnecessary

spending.

9. An Act passed in 1980 by US Congress to clean abandoned land fills is called Super

fund10. A combustible gas that is released from landfills during anaerobic decomposition of

organic matter is Methane

Chapter 19

1. Study of harmful effects of hazardous chemicals is called Toxicology

2. Ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity and toxicity are the characteristics of Hazardous

materials.

3. The entire life of a product starting from the raw materials to the finished products to its

final disposal is called Total product life cycle.

4. Many halogenated hydrocarbons were categorized as ‘dirty dozens’ by Stockholm

convention

5. Abandoning of chemical drums in warehouses and vacant sites during the night is called -

Midnight dumping.

6. In 1984, the leakage of chemical, MIC – Methyl Iso Cyanate from Union Carbide

Factory in Bhopal left 15000 people dead and 30,000 permanently disabled.

7. In 1970, seepage of toxic chemical in Love Canal, New York led to the evacuation of 239

families. This was brought to light by a an ordinary house wife by name, Lois Gibbs.

8. Injecting bacteria and oxygen into the contaminated soil in order to biodegrade the

pollutants and clean up the soil is called, Bioremediation

9. Practice of growing certain plants like sun flower to absorb uranium and Ferns to absorb

arsenic is called, Phyto remediation



10. As per DOT [Department of Transportation] regulations, vehicles that transport

hazardous materials must display a warning logo called, HAZMAT placard.

Chapter 20

1. The layer of the atmosphere immediately above the earth is called Troposphere

2. Reflectivity of the solar energy is called Albedo

3. As the air moves towards the poles, it forms several convection bands of currents called -

Hadley cells

4. During summer the rising warm air from the plains of India creates a low pressure. The

air from the Arabian Sea rushes on to this low pressure area on the plains. This air is

cooled by the Himalayas, Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats, bringing rain to the Indian

subcontinent from May to August. It is called South West Monsoon.

5. The oscillatory cycle of the earth in its orbit once in 100, 000 years is called

Milankovitch cycle.

6. The literal meaning of the word, EL Nino is Christ child

7. The literal meaning of the word La Nina is Little girl.8. A mass movement of surface waters towards the deep in Atlantic; then its movement

towards Africa, pacific and then again moving upwards to the Atlantic surface occurs

once in about 1000 years. It is called Conveyor system

9. The green house effect was first recognized by a French scientist, - Jean Baptise

Fourier in 1827.

10. In1974, Sherwood Roland and Mario Molina showed the CFCwill deplete ozone in the

stratosphere.

Chapter 21

1. The percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere is 21

2. Acid precipitation was first documented in 1960 in Scandinavian lakes by Swedish

scientist, Svante Oden

3. Trapped infra red radiations in the troposphere warm the earth’s surface. It is called,

Green house effect

4. Helsinki Conference in 1989 agreed to eliminate CFC and find out an alternative by

1996.5. Disfigurement of statues by acid rains is called, Stone leprosy

6. TTAPS study conducted by five scientists in 1983 on the outcome of nuclear explosions

is called, Nuclear winter

7. Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine [also Astatine] are all together called Halogens

8. Acid have free Hydrogen ions that are highly reactive.



9. Bases have free Hydroxyl ions

10. Bases have pH values More than 7.

Chapter 22

1. In economic terms man-made objects and facilities like buildings, machinery, power etc.

are called, Produced assets

2. GNP minus the net income from abroad isGDP

3. GDP – dp – d N – dH = NNP

4. In economic terms the renewable and non renewable sources of the ecosystem is called --

Natural capital

5. The documented intellectual assets available in schools, colleges, universities, research

institutes, libraries, internet etc. are called Knowledge capital

6. The institutional relationship built by the people such as government, culture, religion,

laws and judiciary are called, Social capital

7. Attributing monetary value to some of the priceless benefits such as clean air, freedom,

security etc. is called Shadow pricing8. A coalition of 22 developing countries formed to protect their business interests is

called, G22

9.‘From each according to his ability and to each according to his need’ is the philosophy of

Socialists

10.As per The World Bank, a country’s assets are in three forms like Produced assets,

Natural assets and Human resources

Chapter 23

1. Unplanned extension of an urban area with a network of roadways and degradation of

farm lands and landscapes is called Urban sprawl

2. The decay of the inner city with mushrooming of slums is called Urban blight

3. Sustainability community concept developed by Chattanooga residents is called Vision

2000

4. Sprawl Index is a method of measuring urban sprawl through a score of 1-100 based

on four different parameters.

5. Curitiba, in Brazil is the most livable city.



6. In Tokyo people ride Charinkos or bicycles foe work.

7. The UN supports a Sustainable cities programme programme in cities like

Chennai, Dar es Salaam, Shenyang, Concepcion etc.

8. A sustainable city in New Zealand is Waitakere city

9. ‘The earth is in the balance’ is the title of a book written by Al Gore

10.Jaime Lerne is the mayor of the most livable city of Curitiba in Brazil.

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