Filipino Architecture.pdf

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20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

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INFLUENCES

A. HISTORY

Pre-Colonial:

immigrants of Malay origin, food

gatherers and hunters

3000 BC, joined by advanced

agricultural race from Indonesia

barangays as tribal system

converted to Islam in 1300 AD

trade center of the Orient

Spanish Rule:

1521 Ferdinand Magellan landed

1564 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

brought Christianity

until 1900's

nationalist movement by Jose

Rizal, unsuccessful revolt by

Aguinaldo

American Rule:

islands ceded to America, as a

result of Spanish war with USA

fighting

self-government

Japanese Invasion:

December 1941

puppet government

liberation by Gen. McArthur in

July 1945

independence in 1946

3rd largest English-speaking

country in the world

citadel of Christianity and

democracy in East Asia

mixture of races: Malay, Chinese,

Spanish

B. RELIGION

Roman Catholics

Islam

Protestants

Aglipayan

Iglesia ni Kristo

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

his

tory

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ARCHITECTURAL

CHARACTER

A. DESCRIPTION

tropical architecture

open and transparent

light

SCHOOLS:

Escuela Practica Y Profecional de

Artes Oficio de Manila (1890)

taught maestros de obras

Liceo de Manila

MO- -

MO- -

Escuela de Ingenieria Y Arquitectura

closed after one year

Mapua Institute of Architecture

(1925)

1st school of Architecture

Adamson University

2nd school of Architecture

UST College of Architecture (1930)

3rd school of architecture

ORGANIZATIONS:

Philippine Architects Society

Philippine Institute of Architects

League of Philippine Architects

Association of Phil. Government

Architects

PIA + LPA + APGA = United

Architects of the Philippines

EXAMPLES

PRE-SPANISH HOUSES

Bahay Kubo style of dwelling

well- adapted to tropical climate

of wood, bamboo, and palm

leaves

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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Samal

Maranao

Badjao

Yakan

Mindanao & Sulu Region Cordillera Region

Isneg Kalinga

Kankanai

Ifugao Bontoc

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

Island of Panay

Ivatan, Mangyan, Subanun, Mandaya

Bahay Kubo

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Cordillera Region 20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

ISNEG BINURON

homes of the Isneg boatpeople

pyramidal or hipped roof

annex on one or both ends

removable sidings for special

occasions

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20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

ISNEG BINURON

Cordillera Region

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Cordillera Region

KALINGA BINAYON

octagonal or rectangular

painted round human figures

roof ridge perpendicular to river

loft or granary hides roof

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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Cordillera Region

KALINGA BINAYON

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

BONTOC HOUSES

SAGADA

house within a house

shelter for rice, chickens,

pigs, and people

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MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

BONTOC HOUSES

SAGADA

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MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

IFUGAO

built on the rice terraces

near a spring or grove

entry faces down slope

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tory

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MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

IFUGAO

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Cordillera Region

KANKANAI BINANGIYAN

Similar to the ifugao house

ridge parallel to front

made of narra or pine

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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Cordillera Region

KANKANAI BINANGIYAN

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

BADJAO

ladder serves as wash area

mirrors symbolize the

number of children

lipa, djenging, and dapang

houseboats

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MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

BADJAO

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SAMAL HOUSE


MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

YAKAN HOUSE

elevated 2 to 3 meters

above ground

kitchen annex

door faces east

rooms and steps are odd

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tory

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MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

YAKAN HOUSE

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MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

MARANAO TOROGAN

House built for sultans and datus

Arranged in a line along the river

Elevated 2 to 3 meters above ground

Windows face front and right

Panolong and okir carvings

A lamin or tower built atop the

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MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

MARANAO TOROGAN

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Island of Panay 20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

BAHAY KUBO

bamboo house on stilts

home to an extended family

often surrounded by a garden

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Island of Panay 20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

BAHAY KUBO

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tory

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SPANISH CHURCHES

Calasiao, Pangasinan

2nd best bell tower

by Fr. Ramon Dalinao

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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tory

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SPANISH CHURCHES

Laoag Church, Ilocos Norte

by Fr. Joseph Ruiz

sinking belltower

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

his

tory

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SPANISH CHURCHES

Las Pinas Church

by Fr. Diego Cera

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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SPANISH CHURCHES

Loboc, Bohol

biggest number of murals on

walls and ceilings

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

his

tory

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SPANISH CHURCHES

Manila Cathedral

by Bishop Domingo Salazar

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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SPANISH CHURCHES

Miagao Church, Ilo-ilo

by Fr. Fernando Comporedondo

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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SPANISH CHURCHES

Morong Church, Rizal

Spanish Baroque style

by Fr. Blas dela Madre

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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SPANISH CHURCHES

Panay Church

largest bell, from 30 sacks of coins

donated by townspeople

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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SPANISH CHURCHES

Quiapo Church

restored by Juan Nakpil and Jose

Maria Zaragosa

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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tory

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SPANISH CHURCHES

San Agustin Church

by Fr. Juan Macias

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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SPANISH CHURCHES

San Sebastian

one of first steel buildings

steel from Belgium by Eiffel

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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SPANISH CHURCHES

Taal Church, Batangas

by Fr. Martin Aguirre

biggest church

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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SPANISH CHURCHES

Sta. Ana Church, Manila

by Fr. Vicente Ingles

restored by Juan Nakpil

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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SPANISH CHURCHES

Sto. Nino, Cebu

by Diego de Herrera

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST

San Agustin, Intramuros

Miagao Church, Ilo-ilo

San Agustin, Paoay, Ilocos Norte

Sta. Monica, Ilocos Sur

SPANISH HOUSES: BAHAY-NA-

BATO

evolved from the Bahay Kubo:

tropical house

steep, hip roof

post and lintel construction

light and airy structure

elevated living quarters

economy of materials

space flowing from one room to

next

Spanish, Neo-Classical, Gothic,

and Baroque influence:

grandeur and solidity

ornamentation

Vigan Houses

Antillan Houses

Ivatan Houses

PARTS

FIRST FLOOR:

Zaguan, for caroza

Quadra, horse stable

Bodega, storeroom

SECOND FLOOR:

Stairway

Caida, ante-sala from stairs

Sala, living room

Comedor, dining room

Cocina, kitchen

Dispensa, pantry

Letrina or Comun, toilet

Bao, bath

Azotea, open terrace

Aljibe, water cistern

Cuarto, Alcoba, Dormitorio

Entresuelo, vault

Balcon, balcony

Patio, courtyard

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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Kapatas, foreman

Balangkas, framework

Dos Aguas, gable roof

Kuling, girder

Sepo, girt

Canal, groove

Alulod o Kanal, gutter

Caida, hall

Bisagra, hinge

Pulgada, inches

Pendulum, king post

Piyon, laborer

Asinta, laying of CHB

Sibe, lean-to roof

Dulang, low table

Kantero, Mason

Kanto Mesa, miter

Paupo, mortar

Kostura, mortar joints

Estanyo, Nikolite bar

Truerka, nut

Estopa, oakum

De Bandeha, panel door

Lingueta, GI strap

Tapon, plug

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

MORE VERNACULAR TERMS:

Unosinotra, alternate/staggered

Liyabe, anchor

Batidura, astragal

Medya Agua, awning

Barandillas, baluster

Rodapis, baseboard

Tirante, bottom chord

Pie de Gallo, brace

Ladrillo, brick

Kostilyahe, ceiling joists

Sinturon, collar

Larga Masa, concrete slab

Escondro, crushed stone

Abang, dowel

Tubo de Banada, downspout

Escombro, earth fill

Alero, eaves

Tabike, exterior siding

Piye, feet

Batidura, fillet

Dotal, floorboards

Soleras, floor joists

Guililan, floor sill

Suelo, flooring

Alahado, flush

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Pergola, trellis

Kilo, truss

Asolehos, wainscoting tiles

Bagad, wall post

Pitsa, washer

Pasamano, window sill

Poleya, wiring knob

Haspe, wood grain

Tabla, wood plank

Plantsuela, wrought iron strap

Palitada, plaster

Kalinya, aligned

Trankilya, barrel bolt

Biga, beam

Hiero, iron

Kisame, ceiling

Baral de Kadena, chain bolt

Poste, column

Kontratista, constructor

Kanto, corner

Dish rack, bangguerahan

Sumbrero Pintuan, door head

Hamba Pintuan, door jamb

Senepa, fascia board

Tambak, fill

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

MORE VERNACULAR TERMS:

Hulog, plumb bob

Bolado, projection

Reostra, purlins

Masilya, putty

Media Cana, quarter round

Vaciada, rabbet

Kabilya, reinforcing bars

Kaballete, ridge roll

Takip Silipan, riser

Rimatse, rivets

Lastillas, sand and gravel

Andanyo, scaffolding

Rebokada, scratch coat

Dutcha, shower

Prigadero, sink

Krokis, sketch plan

Estanyo, soldering bar

Biento, spacing

Staka, stake

Madre de Escalera, closed

stringer

Trabe Anzo, horizontal stud

Pilarete, vertical stud

Latero, tinsmith

Baytang, tread

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AMERICAN PERIOD

Early American Period

Notable architects:

Daniel Burnham

city plan of Manila and Baguio

William Parsons

Juan Arellano

Tomas Mapua

1st registered architect in

country

Alejandro Legardo

Antonio Toledo

Carlos Barredo

Masonic Temple, Escolta

1st concrete building in Escolta

Philippine Normal School

Phil. Normal University

University of the Philippines

Padre Faura

National Museum

1st was the Legislative Building

Intendencia Building

adjacent to Manila Cathedral

Luneta Hotel

2nd hotel in Asia

French Baroque style

Army and Navy Club

rest and recreation for American

soldiers

De La Salle College

by Tomas Mapua

Rizal Monument

obelisk

Sta. Isabel College

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

his

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Manila Hotel

1st hotel in Asia

1st with elevator

renovated by Locsin in 1975

Philippine General Hospital

by William Parsons Post Office Building

by Juan Arellano

EXAMPLES

UST Main Building

by Roque Rueno

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

his

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AMERICAN PERIOD

Commonwealth Period

Notable architects:

Juan Nakpil

1st National Artist for Arch.

Pablo Antonio

2nd National Artist for Arch.

Enrique Bautista

Gonzalo Barreto

Fernando Ocampo

Andres Luna y San Pedro

Leandro Locsin

3rd National Artist for Arch.

Agriculture & Finance Building

Crystal Arcade, Escolta

Quezon Institute

By Juan Nakpil

Lyric Theater, Escolta

By Juan Nakpil

Ideal Theater, Avenida Rizal

by Pablo Antonio

Jai Alai Building

demolished in 2001

Art Deco, streamline style

Ambassador Hotel

by Fernando Ocampo

1st skyscraper in the country (4

storeys)

Syquia Apartments, Malate

by Pablo Antonio

Natividad Building, Escolta

by Andres Luna y San Pedro

Regina Building, Escolta

by Andres Luna y San Pedro

FEU Main Building

by Pablo Antonio

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

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EXAMPLES

The Iglesia Ni Cristo Cathedrals

by Carlos Santos Viola

The Church of the Risen Lord, UP

by Cesar Concio

Metropolitan Theater

20th C:

MODERN

ISLAMIC

CHINESE

JAPANESE

INDIAN

FILIPINO

Filipino Architecture.pdf

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