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SINGHANIA UNIVERSITYCOURSE STRUCTURE FORMSc. RADIO DIAGNOSIS

Program Title: MSc. Radio DiagnosisDuration: Two years of Academic programMode of Study: Full Time ProgramValidating Body: Singhania University

CONTENTS1. Contents 2. Introduction.......................3. Ordinance..................................................

4. Teaching and Learning strategy................................................................5. Scheduled hours for the Programme6. Structure, Content and OrganizationFirst YearRadiographic Procedure, (P-I).........................................................................Instrument of Conventional X- ray Equipments (P-II) ....................................Principles of Radiographic Exposure (P-III)........................................ Instrumentation of Specialized Radiology Equipments (P-IV) .......................Advanced Technique & Instrumentation of Computed Tomography (P-V) ...Bio Statistics (P-VI) ........................................................................................

Second Year

Advanced Technique & Instrumentation of MRI (P-VII) ................................Care of Patient in Diagnostic Radiology (P-VIII) ..............................................Management of Health Care Organization (P-IX) ..........................................Radiation Evaluation & Protection in Diagnostic Radiology (P-X)................Nuclear Medicine Imaging Techniques (P-XI) .............................................Dissertation on specialization subject ( MRI ,CT ,Interventional Radiologyor Nuclear medicine )

7. Scheme of Examinations.... ..8. Carryover Rule ....

INTRODUCTIONDept of Allied Health sciences. has started Masters Program in Radio Diagnosisin the academic year 2009-2010.Medical Imaging Technology is one of the leading professions in allied health. Itis a speciality focusing on the Radiological Imaging and assisting in invasiveradiology.Masters program in Radio Diagnosis is designed to produce graduates ofhigh standards in research who are equipped with appropriate skills to meet the

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challenges of upcoming Medical Imaging techniques. The curriculum has beendesigned considering the current development and need of India and abroad.OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAM

_ Enhance knowledge from clinical experience, interactions & discussions andresearch to improve the quality of training and education in Medical Imaging.

_ Explore the subject in depth and develop high degree of expertise to contributeto advancement of knowledge in Medical Imaging._ Develop teaching and presentation skills necessary to become efficientteachers

_ Build Up leadership qualities in education, practice and administration_ Contribute to emerging and vitally important industry through research.SCOPE OF THE PROGRAME

_ On completion of the programme, Technologists can advance to supervisory ormanagement positions in Diagnostic Centers and hospitals.

_ They can also earn key posts in academic institutions including teaching andresearch.

_ In industry, Imaging technologists are needed for Application and Softwaredevelopment for Medical Imaging equipment._ Military and public health service._ Medical Imaging Technology is one of the fastest growing professions & itofferstremendous opportunity abroad.

ORDINANCESELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION The candidate must have passed 3 Years full time Bachelor of MedicalImaging Technology or equivalent full time course from any recognized

university in India or abroad with minimum of 50% marks...DURATION OF THE PROGRAMMEThe programme shall be for 2 academic years (Full time).NUMBER OF SEATSA total of 10 (Ten) candidates will be enrolled in each academic year based ontheir performance in the entrance test and interview.

ATTENDANCE:_ The students should have a minimum of 80 % attendance in each subject(theory, and clinics separately) in each academic year, failing which, the studentwill not be permitted to appear for the university examination of the subject.

_ As per the directive of University, there will be no consideration for leave onmedical grounds. The student will have to adjust the same in the minimumprescribed attendance.

_ Parents/ guardians of students will be informed about their wards attendanceand academic performance periodically during each academic year.LEAVE / VACATION

_ Student will have a vacation of 15 days following their university examinations.

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_ The students shall be granted 15 days study leave for their Universityexaminationin each academic year. How ever, a student reappearing for asubject will not be entitled to any study leave.

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SINGHANIA UNIVERSITY

TEACHING AND EXAMINATION SCHEME FOR M.Sc Radio Diagnosis Course

COURSE NAME : M.SC RADIO DIAGNOSIS

COURSE CODE :

DURATION OF COURSE : TWO YEARS

YEAR / SEMISTER : FIRST YEAR

FULL TIME / PART TIME : FULL TIME

SR

NO.

SUBJECT TITLE Teaching Scheme EXAMINATION SCHEME &

MAXIMUM MARKS

TH Practical/Clinics &

Tutorial

PaperHRS TH PR OR TW PM

1.1Radiographic procedure

70 400 3 100 80 20 200 5

5

1.2Instrumentation ofConventional

Radiological Equipment

60 60

(Tutorial)

3 100 80 20 200 5

5

1.3Principle of Radiographic

Exposure60 60

(Tutorial)

3 100 80 20 200 5

5

1.4Instrumentation ofspecialized Radiological

Equipment

60 60

(Tutorial)

3 100 80 20 200 5

5

1.5 Advanced tech &Instrumentation of CTTech

90 500 3 100 -- -- 200 5

5

1.6Biostatistics

60 -- 3 100 -- -- 100

TOTAL 400 1080 -- 600 320 80 1100

ABBREVIATIONS: TH THEORY, PR PRACTICAL, OR ORAL, TW TOTAL WATTAGE

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SINGHANIA UNIVERSITY

TEACHING AND EXAMINATION SCHEME FOR M.Sc Radio Diagnosis Course

COURSE NAME : M.SC RADIO DIAGNOSIS

COURSE CODE :

DURATION OF COURSE : TWO YEARS

YEAR / SEMISTER : SECOND YEARFULL TIME / PART TIME : FULL TIME

SR

NO.

SUBJECT TITLE Teaching Scheme EXAMINATION SCHEME &

MAXIMUM MARKS

TH Practical/

Clinics &

Tutorial

Paper

HRS

TH PR O

R

TW P

M

1.1Advanced Tech &Instrumentation of MRI

100 500 3 100 80 20 200 5

5

1.2Interventional Radiology

Techniques60 100 3 100 80 20 200 5

5

1.3Care of Patient inDiagnostic Radiology

60 60

(Tutorial)

3 100 100 5

1.4 Management ofHealthcare Organization

60 200 3 100 100 5

5

1.5 Radiation Evaluation &

Protection in DiagnosticRadiology

60 -- 3 100 -- -- 100 5

1.6

Nuclear Medicine

Imaging 60 100 3 100 80 20 --

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_ A student requiring leave during the academic year should apply for the samethrough a formal application to the Head of Department through their respectiveClass In-charge / Coordinator of the academic year. The leave will be consideredas absent.

CODE OF CONDUCT_ The students are expected to conduct themselves in a manner befitting theprofession.

_ They should dress formally while attending lectures and in the posting areas(Men in trousers and shirt, women in salwar suit).

_ It is mandatory to wear the white apron with nametag when in the classroomand in the clinics.The teaching and learning methods include:

_ Lectures_ Demonstrations_ Clinical patient management_ Assignments/projects_ Seminars_ Case presentation_ Discussions_ Industrial visits_ Industrial visits and external clinical placements_ Classroom teaching with the undergraduate students_ Independent collaborative self studyCLINICAL POSTINGSAim:To enable students to learn Imaging assessment process, clinical reasoningskills and further diagnostic techniques so that they become competentprofessionals.

1.7

Dissertation on

specialization subject

(MRI ,CT Scan,Interventional radiology

& Nuclear Medicine )

TOTAL 400 960 -- 600 24

0

16

0

--

ABBREVIATIONS: TH THEORY, PR PRACTICAL, OR ORAL, TW TOTAL WATTAG

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Clinical objectives:1. Taking clinical history of patient2. Plan of implementation of Imaging techniques.3. Administration of standardized evaluation tools.4. Documentation of diagnostic / therapeutic reports.

5. Clinical discussion with the Under Graduates6. Case presentation and discussion

STRUCTURE, CONTENT AND ORGANIZATION

M.Sc. Radio Diagnosis

1st Year

Radiographic Procedure (P-I) 70hours

UNIT 1Basic review of all Radiographic TechniqueUNIT 2Contrast Media- Application, types, safety aspects, mode & volume ofadministration, administration techniquesUNIT 3

Digestive SystemAnatomy and physiologyAssociated pathology and radiographic appearancePlain radiographyBarium swallowBarium mealBarium meal follow throughEnteroclysisBarium enemaUNIT 4Genito urinary system

Anatomy and physiologyAssociated pathology and radiographic appearancePlain radiographyIntravenous urogram (IVU)Micturating Cystourethrogram (MCU)Ascending Urethrogram (ASU)Hysterosalpingography (HSG)Fallopian Tube Recanalisation (FTR)

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UNIT 5Cardio - Respiratory systemAnatomy and physiologyAssociated pathology and radiographic appearanceChest radiography

UNIT 6MammographyAnatomy and physiologyIndications, contraindications and techniquesICRP guidelines, BIRADSUNIT 7SkullRelated anatomy of facial and cranial bonesAssociated pathology and radiographic appearanceRadiographic projections

UNIT 8Vertebral ColumnRelated anatomyAssociated pathology and radiographic appearanceRadiographic projectionsUNIT 9Upper limbRelated anatomyAssociated pathology and radiographic appearanceRadiographic projectionsUNIT 10Lower limbRelated anatomyAssociated pathology and radiographic appearanceRadiographic projectionsUNIT 11PelvisRelated anatomy of pelvic bones and hip jointAssociated pathology and radiographic appearanceRadiographic projectionsPelvimetry

UNIT 12Hepatobiliary systemRelated anatomyAssociated pathology and radiographic appearanceERCP/ PTBD, T tube cholangiographyUNIT 13Dental RadiographyRelated anatomy

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Associated pathology and radiographic appearanceIntraoral, Extraoral and Occlusal viewsGeneral precautionsOPGChecking of mains supply and function of equipments

Selection of exposure parameters and radiation protectionUNIT 14Other proceduresSialography , Dacrocystography, Sinography, FistulographyRelated anatomyAssociated pathology and radiographic appearanceIndications, contraindications and techniqueReferral books1.Radiographic positioning Clarkes, Kenneth Bontrager, Merriils2.Diagnostic Radiography Glenda Bryan

Instrumentation of Conventional X-ray Equipments (P-II) Hours: 60

UNIT 1Generation of electrical energyAC/DCPolyphase supplyDistribution of electrical energyUse of electrical energyCurrent loads & power lossUses of electricity in Hospitals

Safety rules for RadiographersUNIT 2X ray Circuit componentsHigh tension transformersMain Voltage CompensationHigh tension switchesStabilizers and UPSUNIT 3FusesSwitchesEarthing

High tension cables construction & design.RectificationTypes of RectifiersX-ray circuitsFilament circuitsHigh voltage circuitsUNIT 4Tube rating

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Types of GeneratorsCapacitor discharge generatorBattery Powered generatorMedium frequency & High frequency generator.

UNIT 5SwitchesCircuit breakersPrimary & Secondary switchesExposure switching and its application.Interlocking CircuitsRegulating and safety devicesMagnetic relayThermal relay switchesInterlock in Tube Circuit and overload interlocks.UNIT 6

Exposure timersTiming systemsElectronic timerIonization timerPhoto timerSynchronous timer and impulse timer.UNIT 7Devices improving radiographic qualityConeCylinderCollimatorGridFilterReferences1. X-ray Equipments for Radiographers Noreen Chesney & MurielChesney2. Christensens Physics of diagnostic radiology3. First year Physics for Radiographers George Hay4. Equipments in Diagnostic Radiology E.Forster.

Principles of Radiographic Exposure (P-III) 60hrsUNIT I

X-ray productionInteraction of radiation with matter- Compton effect, photoelectric effect, pairproduction, coherent scattering.Useful rangeClinical application

UINT 2The Photographic processIntroduction

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Basic review of photographic emulsionsPhotographic latent imageFilm materialsSpectral sensitivity of film materialSpeed and contrast of photographic materials

Intensifying screens and cassettesFilm processing

UNIT 3SensitometryPhotographic densityOpacityTransmissionProduction of Characteristic curveFeatures of Characteristic curveVariation in the characteristic curve with developmentComparison of emulsions by their characteristic curve

Application of Characteristic curveInformation from the Characteristic curve

UNIT 4Radiographic ImageRadiographic DensityAcceptable rangeFactors influences density.Radiographic ContrastComponentsFactors influences contrastManagement of Radiographic Image quality

UNIT 5ResolutionLine spread function & Modulation transfer functionUnsharpness in the Radiographic image and various factors contributing towardsUnsharpnessTypes of UnsharpnessRadiographic mottle

UNIT 6Geometry of the radiographic imageMagnification / Distortion -Types and factors

Micro / Macro radiographyUNIT 7Instrumentation of Processing EquipmentAutomatic film processor (AFP)Maintenance and Quality control tests in AFPLayout and planning of DarkroomViewing accessories: viewing boxesMagnifiers and viewing conditions

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References1. Christensens Physics of Diagnostic radiology Thomas Curry2. Radiographic Image Chesney & Chesney

Instrumentation of specialized Radiology Equipments (P-IV) Hours: 60

UNIT 1Portable & Mobile equipmentsMains requirementsCable connections to wall plugsPortable X-Ray EquipmentsMobile X-Ray EquipmentsCapacitor Discharge Mobile Equipment

Cordless Mobile EquipmentsX-Ray Equipments for the Operating TheatreMobile Image Intensifier unitsUNIT 2Fluoroscopy EquipmentsConstruction & Working principles of Image IntensifierViewing the Intensified imageRecording the intensified ImageDigital fluoroscopyPanel type image intensifierUNIT 3Fluoroscopic / Radiographic TablesGeneral features of fluoroscopic / radiographic tableThe serial changerRemote control tableThe spot film devices.UNIT 4Tomographic EquipmentPrinciples of tomographyVarious types of tomographic movementEquipment for linear tomographyUNIT 5Equipment for Cranial and Dental radiographyThe skull tableGeneral Dental X-ray equipmentPantomography equipmentEquipment for Cranial & skeletal radiographyEquipment for mammography

UNIT 6

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Care, Maintenance and testsGeneral careFunctional testsQuality assurance programAcceptable limits of variation

Corrective actionReferences1. X-ray Equipments for Radiographers Noreen Chesney & Muriel Chesney2. Christensens Physics of Diagnostic Radiology3. Equipments in Diagnostic Radiology E.Forster.

Advanced technique & Instrumentation of Computed Tomography (PVI)Hours: 90

UNIT 1Imaging principles in computed tomography

Instrumentation of CT scanAdvances in Detector technologySlip ring technologyHelical CTSingle slice and Multi slice CT Scan system (recent advancement in ct scanner)UNIT 2Isotropic imagingImage displayPre and Post Processing techniquesImage quality in single slice and multi slice helical CT scanPatient radiation dose considerations in Helical CTUNIT 3Protocols for adult Whole Body CTProtocols for pediatric Whole Body CTDocumentationCommon and specific artifacts in Helical CT imagesUNIT 4HRCT of LungsTechnical aspectsVolumetric HRCTExpiratory HRCTHRCT protocolsArtifactsUNIT 5CT angiographyCT fluoroscopyMultidimensional reformationsMPR, Curved MPR, MIP3D imaging & 4D CT

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UNIT 6CT Perfusion scanningDentascanCT colonoscopyCT bronchoscopy

UNIT 7CT coronary angiographyCT calcium scoringMyocardial ImagingUNIT 8Care, Maintenance and testsGeneral careFunctional testsQuality assurance programAcceptable limits of variation

Corrective actionReferral books1. Computed Tomography Physical Principles , Clinical Applications &Quality Control by Euclid Seeram2. Computed Tomography by Stewart C. Bushong

BIO-STATISTICS (P-VII) 60 hoursUNIT 1IntroductionIntroduction to Biostatistics & research methodology, types of variables & scalesof measurements, measures of central tendency and dispersion, rate, rate, ratio,proportion, incidence & prevalenceUNIT 2SamplingRandom & non-random sampling, various methods of sampling-simple random,stratified, systematic, cluster and multistage. Sampling and non-sampling errors& methods of minimizing these errors.UNIT 3Basic probability distributions and sampling distributionsConcept of probability distribution. Normal, Poisson and Binomial distributions,parameters and applications. Concept of sampling distributions. Standard errorand confidence intervals. Skewness an KurtosisUNIT 4Tests of significanceBasics of testing of hypothesis-Null and alternate hypothesis, type I and type IIerrors, level of significance (parametric) and power of the test, p value. Tests ofsignificance t-test (paired & unpaired), Chi square test and test of proportion,one-way analysis of variance. Repeated measures analysis of variance.Repeated measures analysis of variance. Tests of significance (nonparametric) Mann-Whitney u test, Wilcoxon test, Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance.

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Friedmann's analysis of variance.UNIT 5Correlation and RegressionSimple correlation-Pearson's and Spearman's; testing the significance ofcorrelation coefficient linear and multiple regression.

UNIT 6Sample size determinationGeneral concept. Sample size for estimating means and proportion, testing ofdifference in means and proportions of two groups.

UNIT 7Study designsDescriptive epidemiological methods- case series analysis and prevalencestudies. Analytical epidemiological methods- case control and cohort studies.Clinical trials/intervention studies, odds ratio and relative risk, stratified analysisUNIT 8

Multivariate analysisConcept of multivariate analysis, introduction to logistic regression and survivalanalysisUNIT 9Reliability and validity evaluation of diagnostic testsUNIT 10Format of scientific documentsStructure of research protocol, structure of thesis/ research report, formats ofreporting in scientific journals. Systematic review and meta analysis

2nd Year

Advanced Technique & Instrumentation of MRI (P-VIII) 100 Hours

UNIT 1Basic PrinciplesSpinPrecessionRelaxation timePulse cycle

T1 weighted imageT2 weighted imageProton density imageUNIT 2MR InstrumentationTypes of magnetsRF transmitter &receiver coilsGradient coils

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Shim coilsRF shieldingComputersUNIT 3Pulse sequences

Spin echo pulse sequence turbo spin echo pulse sequenceGradient echo sequence Turbo gradient echo pulse sequenceInversion recovery sequence STIR sequence, SPIR sequence, FLAIRsequenceEcho planar imaging and Fast imaging sequencesAdvanced pulse sequences.UNIT 4Image formation2D Fourier transformation methodK-space representation3D Fourier imaging

MIP

UNIT 5MR contrast mediaMR angiography TOF & PCAMR SpectroscopyUNIT 6Protocols in MRI for whole bodyMRI artifactsSafety aspects in MRIUNIT 7Cardiac MRIUNIT 8Musculoskeletal imagingAbdominal imagingBrain imagingUNIT 9Functional MRIBOLD ImagingUNIT 10Care, Maintenance and testsGeneral careFunctional testsQuality assurance programAcceptable limits of variationCorrective actionReferences1. MRI physics for Radiologist - Alfred Horowitz2. Fundamentals of MRI Stark & Bradley3. MRI in Practice Catherine brook

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Interventional Radiology Techniques (P-IX) 60hours

UNIT 1Introduction

Need for interventional proceduresInformed consentDSABasic PrincipleTypesEquipmentsBasics of Angiographic equipmentsSingle and biplane angiographic equipmentAngiographic TableImage intensifierFlat panel detector

Recording systemsPulseoximetryCardiac resuscitation measures - ECGPressure injectorCatheters, needles and other tools3-D rotational angiographyImage processingPatient monitorACT equipmentCO2 angiographyUNIT 2

Patient carePreparation for procedurePost procedure careRole of radiographer in interventional procedureCrash trolley- Emergency drugs

UNIT 3ProceduresDiagnostic & Therapeutic interventional proceduresPTC, PTBD, StentingNephrostomy, ureteric stenting

Guided biopsies of different organsDrainage of collections/abscessesAngiograms, angioplasty, embolizationVenus accessRadiofrequency ablationImage guided nerve blocksUNIT 4Neuro interventional procedures

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Embolization of extra or intracranial tumors, vascular malformationsVertebroplasty direct punctureLaser guided procedureUNIT 5Basics of cardiac catheterization

UNIT 6Safety considerations in angiography roomRoom designProtective devicesRadiation monitoringUNIT 7Care, Maintenance and testsGeneral careFunctional testsQuality assurance programAcceptable limits of variation

Corrective actionReferences1. Current Techniques in Interventional Radiology Cope , Constantin2. Interventional Radiology - A Practical Guide by Anthony Watkinson andAndreas Adam

Care of Patient in Diagnostic Radiology (P-X) Hours: 60UNIT 1Introduction to Patient CareResponsibilities of the Healthcare facilityResponsibilities of the Imaging Technologist

UNIT 2General Patient CarePatient transfer techniqueRestraint techniquesAspects of patient comfortSpecific patient conditionsSecurity of patient propertyObtaining vital signsLaying up a sterile trolleyIV injection administrationUNIT 3

Nursing procedure in RadiologyGeneral abdominal preparationClothing of the patientGiving an enemaHandling the emergencies in RadiologyFirst aid in the X-Ray departmentUNIT 4Patient care during Investigation

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G.I. Tract, Biliary tract, Respiratory tract, Gynecology, Cardiovascular, Lymphaticsystem, C.N.S. etcUNIT 5Infection ControlIsolation technique

Infection sources Transmission modesProceduresPsychological considerationsSterilization & sterile techniques.

UNIT 6Patient EducationCommunicationPatient communication problemsExplanation of examinations

Radiation Safety / ProtectionInteracting with terminally ill patientInformed ConsentReferences1. Care of Patients in Diagnostic Radiology Chesney & Chesney2. Care of Patients in Diagnostic Radiology - Gunn

Management of Healthcare Organizations (P-XI) 60 hoursUNIT 1Management functionsPlanning

MBODecision makingOrganizingStaffingControllingUNIT 2Management and EconomicsDemand & SupplyNature of CostsMarginal cost and Breakeven analysisMarket structure: Business & Government

Role of GovernmentUNIT 3Organizational BehaviorSignificanceStructure & theoriesIndividual & group behaviorLeadershipMotivation

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Organizational developmentManaging creativity and stressUNIT 4Accounting for Hospital Management

_ Budgeting & Budgetary control

_ Difference between forecast & budgeting_ Preparation of budget_ Classification of budget_ Capital Budgeting

UNIT 5Concept of HospitalDepartmentation in HospitalClinical services managementOrganizing of support servicesManagement of utility services

Evaluation of Hospital servicesUNIT 6Issues related to Healthcare technologyPresent trend in healthcare technologyProblems & constraintsPlanning & adopting appropriate technology in healthcareEvaluation method of health technologyUNIT 7Evolution of Quality managementQuality assurance methodsPatient satisfactionStandard operating procedureQuality certification & AccreditationUNIT 8Current issuesPACS, Tele radiologyThe Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act 1994Hospital Management Information SystemLogistics ManagementUNIT 9Radiology information systemHospital information systemDesign of radiology departmentReferences1. Principles of Management by Koonz oDonnel2. Hospital planning Administration by B.M.Shakar

Radiation Evaluation & Protection in Diagnostic radiology (P-XII)60 Hours

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UNIT 1Introduction to Radiation protectionNeed for protectionAim of radiation protection

Basic radiation units and quantities_ Exposure_ Absorbed dose_ Absorbed dose equivalent_ Quality factor_ Tissue weighting factor.UNIT 2Limits for Radiation exposureConcept of ALARA (or ALARP)ICRP regulationMaximum permissible dose

Exposure in pregnancy, childrenUNIT 3Protection in Diagnostic RadiologyProtection for primary radiationWork loadUse factorOccupancy factorProtection for scatter radiation and leakage radiationX-Ray room designStructural shieldingProtective devicesRadiation signages

UNIT 4Technical protective consideration during RadiographyEvaluation of hazardsEffective communicationImmobilizationBeam limiting devicesFiltrationExposure factorsProtection in

_ Fluoroscopy_ mammography,_ mobile radiography_ CT Scan_ Angiography roomUNIT 5Radiation measuring instrumentsArea monitoring

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Personnel dosimeters_ Film badge_ Thermo luminescent dosimeter_ Pocket dosimeter.UNIT 6

Biological aspects of Radiological protectionBiological effects of radiationDirect & Indirect actions of radiationConcept of detriment Deterministic & stochastic effect of radiation somaticand genetic effectsDose relationshipEffects of antenatal exposureReferences1. Physics of Diagnostic radiology Christensen2. ICRP manual

Nuclear Medicine Imaging Techniques (P-XIII) 60 hoursUNIT 1Basic atomic & nuclear physicsQuantities and UnitsAtom composition and structureNucleus compositionRadioactivityExponential decaySpecific activityParent / Daughter decayModes of Radioactive decay.

UNIT 2Radiation detectorsGas filled detectors - Basic principlesIonization chambersProportional countersGeiger Muller countersSemiconductor detectorsScintillation detectors basic principlesUNIT 3Production of Radio nuclidesReactor produced radionuclide

Reactor principlesAccelerator produced radionuclideRadionuclide generatorsUNIT 4InstrumentationThe Anger CameraBasic principleSystem components

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Detector system and electronicsCollimatorsImage display and recording systemsScanning camera

UNIT 5Radio pharmacyRadiopharmaceuticalsGeneral principle of tracer techniquePreparation of different labeled compounds with technetium-99m isotopeCold kitsUNIT 6In vivo techniqueStatic and dynamic studiesThyroid imaging

Imaging of boneRespiratory systemUrinary systemG.I. systemCardiovascular systemIodine131 uptake studiesIodine 131 therapy for thyrotoxicosis and thyroid ablationUNIT 7Image quality in Nuclear medicineSpatial resolutionContrastNoiseTypes of noiseQuality assurance of imaging equipmentsVariation in Image perception with physician, within technologist & technicalparameterUNIT 8SPECT imagingUNIT 9PET imaging

UNIT 10Radiation safety in Nuclear medicineRadiation units and quantitiesMPDSafe handling of Radioactive materialsStorage of radioactive materialsProcedures for handling spillsDisposal of Radioactive wasteRadiation monitoring

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Survey metersPersonnel dosimetersWipe testingContamination monitorIsotope calibrator

Area monitorInventory of isotopesReferences1. Physics in Nuclear medicine Sorenson2. Physics of Nuclear medicine - Powsner

Award of DegreeCandidates who complete the course of study and secure pass in all the papersof the two years examinations shall be declared to have qualified for the degree.Grading system

The grading system is as follows:Distinction : 75% and aboveFirst class : 65% and aboveSecond class : 50% and abovePass : 50%Fail : Below 50%

Carry over rules1. . Students who fail in final examination can appear for the supplementaryexamination which will be conducted as per the university rules2. Students with unsuccessful attempts or back papers are permitted to attend

classes until the end of the program3. However, they will not be allowed to appear for the second year examinationtill all the first year papers are cleared.4. A maximum of 4 attempts will be permitted for 1st year examination,irrespective of number of subjects. i.e. students needs to complete all 1st yearsubjects in a maximum of 4 attempts irrespective of number of subjects he/shewill appear in each attempt. If unable to clear the 1st year subjects in a maximumof 4 attempts, he/she will be withdrawn from the program and can seek freshadmission. This maximum number of 4 attempts is applicable only for the 1styear. The first University examination of 1st year is considered as 1st attempt andfilling application for University examination and remitting fee for examination is

considered as an attempt.6. Maximum program duration permitted to complete the program is double thatof the program duration. i.e. 2 years program needs to be completed within 4years. Failure to do so will result in withdrawal from the program.