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.Health and medical careAcute CareShort-term medical treatment, usually in a hospital, for patients with an acute illness or injury or recovering from surgery.

Anaemia

Anaemia is a condition where the amount of haemoglobin in the blood is below the normal level, or there are fewer blood cells than normal. (Haemoglobin is the protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs). Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common type of anaemia.

ArthritisArthritis is a common condition that causes pain and inflammation in a joint. In the UK, around 10 million people have arthritis. It affects people of all ages, including children. The two most common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

AsthmaAsthma is a common lung condition that causes occasional breathing difficulties. It affects people of all ages and often starts in childhood, although it can also appear for the first time in adults. There's currently no cure for asthma, but there are simple treatments that can help keep the symptoms under control so it doesn't have a significant impact on your life. Some people, particularly children, may eventually grow out of asthma. But for others it's a lifelong condition.

BronchitisBronchitis is a common infection causing inflammation and irritation to the main airways of the lungs. Symptoms of bronchitis include coughing up yellow-grey mucus, sore throat, wheezing and having a blocked nose.

CancerCancer is the name given to a collection of related diseases. In all types of cancer, some of the body’s cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues. Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body, which is made up of trillions of cells. Normally, human cells grow and divide to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place. When cancer develops, however, this orderly process breaks down. As cells become more and more abnormal, old or damaged cells survive when they should die, and new cells form when they are not needed. These extra cells can divide without stopping and may form growths called tumours. Many cancers form solid tumours, which are masses of tissue. Cancers of the blood, such as leukaemia’s, generally do not form solid tumours. Cancerous tumours are malignant, which means they can spread into, or invade, nearby tissues. In addition, as these tumours grow, some cancer cells can break off and travel to distant places in the body through the blood or the lymph system and form new tumours far from the original tumour. Unlike malignant tumours, benign tumours do not spread into, or invade, nearby tissues. Benign tumours can sometimes be quite large, however. When removed, they usually don’t grow back, whereas malignant tumours sometimes do. Unlike most benign tumours elsewhere in the body, benign brain tumours can be life threatening.

Cerebral PalsyCerebral palsy is the general term for a number of neurological conditions that affect movement and co-ordination. Neurological conditions are caused by problems in the brain and nervous system.



Specifically, cerebral palsy is caused by a problem in the parts of the brain responsible for controlling muscles. The condition can occur if the brain develops abnormally or is damaged before, during or shortly after birth. Causes of cerebral palsy include:

an infection caught by the mother during pregnancy; a difficult or premature birth; bleeding in the baby’s brain; changes (mutations) in the genes that affect the brain's development.

Cystic FibrosisCystic fibrosis is an inherited condition in which the lungs and digestive system can become clogged with thick, sticky mucus. It can cause problems with breathing and digestion from a young age. Over many years, the lungs become increasingly damaged and may eventually stop working properly.Most cases of cystic fibrosis in the UK are now identified through screening tests carried out soon after birth. It's estimated that 1 in every 2,500 babies born in the UK has cystic fibrosis. A number of treatments are available to help reduce the problems caused by the condition, but unfortunately average life expectancy is reduced for people who have it.

Dementia

The word dementia describes a set of symptoms that may include memory loss and difficulties with thinking, problem-solving or language. These changes are often small to start with, but for someone with dementia they have become severe enough to affect daily life. A person with dementia may also experience changes in their mood or behaviour.

DiabetesDiabetes is a serious life-long health condition that occurs when the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood is too high because the body can’t use it properly. If left untreated, high blood glucose levels can cause serious health complications. There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2.

Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells, meaning no insulin is produced. This causes glucose to quickly rise in the blood. Nobody knows exactly why this happens, but science tells us it’s got nothing to do with diet or lifestyle. About 10 per cent of people with diabetes have Type 1.

Type 2 diabetes

In Type 2 diabetes, the body doesn’t make enough insulin, or the insulin it makes doesn’t work properly, meaning glucose builds up in the blood. Type 2 diabetes is caused by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Up to 58 per cent of Type 2 diabetes cases can be delayed or prevented through a healthy lifestyle. About 90 per cent of people with diabetes have Type 2

DysphasiaOne in a group of speech disorders in which there is impairment of the power of expression by speech, writing, or signs, or impairment of the power of comprehension of spoken or written language. More severe forms of dysphasia are called aphasia.

EpilepsyAn epileptic seizure is a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.



Epilepsy is a disease characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures and by the neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences of this condition. Translation: a seizure is an event and epilepsy is the disease involving recurrent unprovoked seizures.

GangreneGangrene is the term used to describe the decay or death of an organ or tissue caused by a lack of blood supply. It is a complication resulting from infectious or inflammatory processes, injury, or degenerative changes associated with chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus

Heart DiseaseAny disorder that affects the heart. Sometimes the term "heart disease" is used narrowly and incorrectly as a synonym for coronary artery disease. Heart disease is synonymous with cardiac disease but not with cardiovascular disease which is any disease of the heart or blood vessels. Among the many types of heart disease, see, for example: Angina; Arrhythmia; Congenital heart disease; Coronary artery disease (CAD); Dilated cardiomyopathy; Heart attack (myocardial infarction); Heart failure; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Mitral regurgitation; Mitral valve prolapse; and Pulmonary stenosis.

HIV and AidsAcquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There are two variants of the HIV virus, HIV-1 and HIV-2, both of which ultimately cause AIDS.

HypothermiaHypothermia, a potentially fatal condition, occurs when body temperature falls below 95°F (35°C)..Motor Neurone DiseaseA degenerative disease of unknown cause; affects upper and lower motor neurones of spinal cord, motor nuclei of cranial nerves and motor cortex; characterized by progressive muscular atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and progressive bulbar palsy

Multiple SclerosisA chronic, typically progressive disease involving damage to the sheaths of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, whose symptoms may include numbness, impairment of speech and of muscular coordination, blurred vision, and severe fatigue.

Parkinson’s DiseaseA progressive disease of the nervous system marked by tremor, muscular rigidity, and slow, imprecise movement, chiefly affecting middle-aged and elderly people. It is associated with degeneration of the basal ganglia of the brain and a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine.

PneumoniaA lung inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infection, in which the air sacs fill with pus and may become solid. Inflammation may affect both lungs (double pneumonia), one lung (single pneumonia), or only certain lobes (lobar pneumonia).



StrokeA stroke is the sudden death of brain cells in a localized area due to inadequate blood flow.

Social CareAbuseThere are many forms of abuse and neglect, including:

Sexual abuse

This includes indecent exposure, sexual harassment, inappropriate looking or touching, as well as rape. Sexual teasing or innuendo, sexual photography, subjection to pornography, witnessing sexual acts, and sexual acts that you didn't agree to or were pressured into consenting to all count as sexual abuse.

Physical abuse

This can include being assaulted, hit, slapped, pushed, restrained, being denied food or water, or not being helped to go to the bathroom when you need to go. It can also include misuse of your medication.

Psychological abuse

This includes someone emotionally abusing you or threatening to hurt or abandon you, stopping you from seeing people, and humiliating, blaming, controlling, intimidating or harassing you. It also includes verbal abuse, cyber bullying and isolation, or an unreasonable and unjustified withdrawal of services or support networks.

Domestic abuse

This is typically an incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive or threatening behaviour, violence or abuse by someone who is, or has been, an intimate partner or family member.

Discriminatory abuse

This includes some forms of harassment, slurs or similar unfair treatment relating to race, gender and gender identity, age, disability, sexual orientation, or religion.

Financial abuse

This could be someone stealing money or other valuables from you, or it might be someone who is appointed to look after your money on your behalf using the money inappropriately or coercing you into spending it in a way you are not happy with. Internet scams and doorstep crime are also common forms of financial abuse.

Neglect

Neglect is also a form of abuse. Neglect includes not being provided with enough food or the right kind of food, or not being taken proper care of. Leaving you without help to wash or change dirty or wet clothes, not getting you to a doctor when you need one, or not making sure you have the right medicines all count as neglect.



Adult Social CareThere is no simple definition of adult social care. However, it is agreed it covers a wide range of services provided by local authorities and the independent sector to adults either in their own homes or in a care home. It also covers day centres, which help people with daily living. Services like help with washing, dressing, feeding or assistance in going to the toilet are also included, as are meals-on-wheels and home help for people with disabilities.

Advanced directiveAn advance healthcare directive, also known as living will, personal directive, advance directive, medical directive or advance decision, is a legal document in which a person specifies what actions should be taken for their health if they are no longer able to make decisions for themselves because of illness or incapacity.

Advocate and Advocacy support serviceAn advocacy service is provided by an advocate who is independent of social services and the NHS, and who isn't part of your family or one of your friends. An advocate's role includes arguing your case when you need them to, and making sure the correct procedures are followed by your health and social care services.

Ambulatory CareAmbulatory care or outpatient care is medical care provided on an outpatient basis, including diagnosis, observation, consultation, treatment, intervention, and rehabilitation services

Approved Mental Health ProfessionalAn appropriately qualified and competent professional with specialist training in mental health who is approved under the Mental Health Act 1983 and acts independently but on behalf of the Local Authority. AMHP's are responsible for assessing mental health service users and making decisions relating to their detention and treatment under the Mental Health Act 1983. Professionals qualified to train as AMHP's include social workers, psychiatric nurses, clinical psychologists and occupational therapists. AssessmentA conversation held with a Client, sometimes using a questionnaire, which is used to work out what social care support a Client needs. An assessment takes place when a Client first applies for social care services. The assessment is reviewed at least once a year to make sure that the Client continues to receive the right support, but reviews may happen more frequently depending on an individual Client’s circumstances. Please also see Financial Assessment. Assistive Technology (AT)The use of technology or equipment by a Client to enable or promote her/him to live independently. It allows people to perform tasks, which, they would otherwise be unable to do, or increases the ease or safety with which the task can be performed. Telecare is an example of Assistive Technology. Broker / BrokerageAn organisation or person that helps a Client to arrange the support they need. Brokerage can be done by a council, a voluntary organisation/charity, a private company, or an individual such as a family member or friend.



Capacity to ConsentWhether a person can make a decision to agree to (or refuse) a treatment, or course of action affecting them. This involves the ability to sufficiently understand and retain information about their condition. Capacity applies to each decision and is not a one-off judgment. The Mental Capacity Act offers guidance on this and assumes a person has capacity unless proven otherwise. Care Funding Calculator (CFC)A tool to support local councils, health trusts and other public bodies across England and Wales to deliver care services efficiently. It has a similar purpose to a price comparison website, but for social care services. It is used by social care practitioners and people who commission social care services to understand the cost of a person’s care package. The practitioner inputs the person’s daily support needs into the calculator, and based on a range of market costs, it works out a cost range, from which Councils negotiate a fair price for the package. Carers (unpaid)When we talk about carers we do not mean someone who is paid to provide care as part of a contract of employment - for example, a care worker or care staff. A carer is someone, who, without payment, provides help and support to a partner, child, relative, friend or neighbour, who could not manage without their help. This could be due to age, physical or mental illness, addiction or disability. A young carer is someone who is under the age of 18 and may be looking after his/her parents, brother or sister, grandparent or other relative who needs support. Care PackageA range of community care services, a person will receive for their assessed need. Care planA care plan (sometimes called a care and support plan, or support plan if you're a carer) sets out how your care and support needs will be met.

Care Programme Approach (CPA)Providing people with serious mental health problems an individual agreed care plan. Care Quality Commission (CQC)The health and social care regulator for England. It looks at the ‘joined up picture’ of health and social care and promotes the rights and interests of people who use the services. It is an independent body which bases its’ actions on high quality evidence. Its work brings together independent regulation of health, mental health and adult social care. CommissioningCommissioning is the process by which local authorities decide how to get the best possible value for money whilst providing good quality services for local people. Community CareCommunity care enables people to maintain their independence within their own homes wherever possible. Where necessary i.e. following an assessment or review, assistance is provided to arrange long-term care in residential or nursing establishments.



ConsultationProvides an opportunity for people to express their views and opinions about a service area in a constructive manner. Continuing Health CareContinuing health care is a package of care arranged and funded solely by the NHS. It is awarded depending on whether a person's primary need is a health need. It can be provided in a range of settings, including an NHS hospital, a care home or someone's own home. Day OpportunitiesDay Opportunities help Clients to make the most of their day. In the past, giving eligible Clients the chance.

Direct PaymentsAre cash payments made directly to eligible Clients who choose to make their own care arrangements, rather than receiving services provided a local authority, for example.. Direct Payments are one way Clients can choose to manage a personal budget . They provide greater choice and control. Discretionary ServicesThese are services which local authorities are not required to provide by law. They are also sometimes referred to as Non-statutory services. Domiciliary Care (also known as Home Care)Domiciliary Care can help people with personal care and some of the practical household tasks that help them to stay at home and be as independent as possible. Extra Care Housing (ECH)Extra Care Housing offers people the opportunity to live independently in self-contained units but with access to a flexible and responsive 24-hour care support service on site. They are suitable for accommodating the use of Assistive Technology and offer facilities and services to the wider community. Fair Access to Care ServicesThis document is published by the Department of Health and issues guidelines on how councils should determine whether a Client is eligible for adult social care services. It covers how local authorities should carry out assessments and reviews and support individuals through the assessment process. Fairer ChargingFairer Charging refers to Government guidelines on how local authorities charge for non-residential care services. Fairer ContributionsFairer Contributions refers to the guidelines/ process used by Councils to ensure that Clients only pay what they can afford to pay for non-residential care services.



Financial AssessmentA conversation, sometimes using a questionnaire, to work out what a Client can pay towards their social care services. A financial assessment will take place after an assessment has been carried out to determine a Client’s social care needs. A financial assessment is reviewed at least once a year to ensure that the Client is not paying more or less, than they should, but may happen more frequently depending on an individual Client’s circumstances. Independent Mental Health AdvocatesWorkers that services provide to ensure an additional safeguard for people who are subject to the Mental Health Act. They are specialist advocates who are trained to work within the framework of the Act. Individual Service FundsAn Individual Service Fund (ISF) is when someone wants to use his or her personal budget to buy support from a provider. Individual Service Funds mean that:

The money is held by the provider on the individual’s behalf. The person decides how to spend the money. The provider is accountable to the person. The provider commits to only spend the money on the individual’s service and the

management and support necessary to provide that service.

Intermediate CareIntermediate Care is a generic term that covers a wide range of services that help prevent unnecessary admission to hospital, or help facilitate early discharge. The term refers to a very important range of services that can help reduce delayed discharges. These services will also improve the patient experience, either by assisting them to remain at home in situations that might previously have led to admission to hospital or care, or by enabling a supported transition back into the community following a stay in hospital.

Means-tested ContributionsThis is a calculation to determine how much Clients pay towards the costs of their social care services. This calculation is based on the information provided in the Financial Assessment and the total is determined by looking at a Client’s financial circumstances, (e g what income they have, if they have any assets such as their own home, etc.). Mixed BudgetA mixed budget is when a Client wants to arrange and manage some of their Personal Budget for themselves but wants a council to arrange the rest in order to get the services they need. Please also see Direct Payments and Managed Personal Budget. My AssessmentThis is a questionnaire you are supported to complete. This is designed to help a council find out if you are eligible for social care support and understand your day-today life. Non-chargeable ServicesNon-chargeable services refer to adult social care services that a council is not allowed to charge for by government legislation. Please also see Chargeable Services.



Occupational TherapistAn Occupational Therapist has specialist training in helping people with disabilities to live as independently and comfortably as possible in their own homes.

Personal AssistantA Personal Assistant is a person employed to help someone with his or her daily social care. They can be employed to provide support with activities such as:

cooking, cleaning and shopping help with personal care like washing and using the toilet help with getting around, either by driving or by using public transport medical tasks banking or paying bills

Personal BudgetA Personal Budget is the sum of money, which a Client is assessed as being entitled to receive to help them be independent, safe and well. Personal budgets can be used to pay for any type of service, (not just a social care service) that would help add value to their life as long as it is legal. For example, a person may choose to use some of their money to join a gym or a craft club to help keep them active and give them the opportunity to socialise. They must be used to achieve agreed outcomes. A person can choose to receive their Personal Budget as a Direct Payment, Mixed Budget or Personal Managed Budget. PersonalisationPersonalisation means giving people more choice and control over their own lives. It is support that fits around the person rather than a person having to fit around the support that is available. Promoting IndependenceMost people would prefer to look after themselves as much as possible and to remain in their own home. Recent guidance has challenged statutory agencies to promote such independence by ensuring that people have access to the information and services that they need. It also places increased emphasis on rehabilitation and the associated services. Provider of Care ServicesAn independent or statutory organisation that may provide a whole range of care services. Purchaser of Care ServicesMay be the local authority or individuals with their own private financial means or direct payments who purchase care services for others or themselves. Putting People FirstThis is a Government agreement to transform public services. The aim of this agreement is to help people to live their own lives as they wish, confident that services are of high quality, are safe and promote their own individual needs for independence, well-being and dignity.



ReablementSpecialised help for people to regain the skills and confidence they need to continue living independently at home. Reablement services are currently available to people leaving hospital and people requesting social care support for the first time. RehabilitationRehabilitation refers to any treatment, therapy or process that helps return a person to health. It aims to support people to achieve the highest possible quality of health and life within their circumstances and within our resources. Replacement CareReplacement care is a service, which is available to Clients if their regular carer is unavailable. It is important to remember that replacement care services are chargeable services to the Client who receives care. Residential CareResidential care is accommodation for older people and adults with disabilities who are unable to live independently in their own homes. Resource Allocation System (RAS)When a Client applies for social care, services they are assessed to work out what their support needs are. Once the needs have been identified, the Resource Allocation System is used to estimate how much these needs might cost. The final amount may change, as the cost of a service may depend on things such as a Client’s location. Respite ServicesThese services are available for Clients to give their partners or family carer a break or holiday. These are Chargeable Services. Self-Directed SupportSelf-Directed Support puts eligible Clients in control of the care and support they receive. With self-directed support, a council does not make choices for the Client but instead supports the Client to:

Identify what they need to make their life better. Know how much money they may get to spend on support. Decide what support they receive. Decide when and how they receive it.

Self-funders are people who organise their own care services, with or without assessment by, or assistance from LBH. Shared Lives SchemesShared Lives is a model of adult placements that offers personalised services. The schemes recruit, assess and support carers who offer accommodation or care and support in their family home to people who are unable to live independently. They are usually managed by local authorities or voluntary sector providers and are monitored by the Care Quality Commission, which regulates social care in England. Social Worker



Social workers usually work for Adult Social Care and Support. They have training in dealing with people's needs, and arranging services that will help them. They all need to be registered with the General Social Care Council. StakeholdersPeople or organisations, which have an interest in a proposed development or idea. Supporting PeopleSupporting People commissions and monitors housing related support services. Support PlanThis is the plan agreed by the Client and social care practitioner to meet the Client’s care and support needs. A Client will always have a support plan even if they choose to receive a Direct Payment, Personal Managed Budget, an individual service fund or a combination. Suitable PersonA Suitable Person can be appointed if someone lacks capacity to consent to direct payments. The appointed person will receive and manage the payment for those people.

TelecareThis is equipment, which helps to keep people safe in their own homes, using sensors such as fall detectors and personal pendants linked to a monitoring and response centre. TrustA Trust can be a group of people made up of friends and family, or a private or voluntary organisation, who can look after a person’s Personal Budget on their behalf. User InvolvementWorking in a way to ensure Clients have a say in their care or about a service as a whole. For example, setting up user groups to get their views on how services are developed in the future. Personal Managed Budget (Virtual budgets)A personal managed budget sometimes called a virtual budget is when a Client wants a Council to manage their Personal Budget for them, rather than receiving a Direct Payment and arranging care themselves. Virtual WardsVirtual wards use the systems and staffing of a hospital ward, but without the physical building; they provide preventative care for people with long-term health conditions in their own homes and reduce the need for hospital admissions.


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