File Types and Sizes
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The unit measurement storage in computerscience is byte.
How much is 1 byte, 1 kilobyte, 1 megabyte, 1gigabyte and 1 terabyte?
Does kilo in KB really mean 1000?
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1 yottabyte (YB) = 1024 zettabytes (ZB), 10248 bytes 1 ZB = 1024 exabytes (EB), 10247 bytes 1 EB = 1024 petabtyes (PB), 10246 bytes 1 PB = 1024 TB, 10245 btyes 1TB = 1024 GB, 10244 bytes 1GB = 1024 MB, 10243 bytes 1MB = 1024 kB, 10242 bytes 1 kB = 1024 byte 1B* = 8 bits (b)
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Therefore, 1B = 8b;
1 TB = 1024 GB 1000 GB
In computer science, for this matter, we do NOT goaccording to the SI units
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Normal numerals we use (0-9) are according to theDecimal Numeral System
It has 10 as its base
You cannot associate this to DNS in computerscience as DNS means Domain Name System, notDecimal Numeral System
SI Units are derived based on this system
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Using this system, KB is not accurate to describe thestorage capacity
We would have
Byte
Kibibyte (KiB) Mebibyte (MiB) Gibibyte (GiB) Tebibyte (TiB)
Pebibytes (PiB) Exbibtye (EiB) Zebibyte (ZiB) Yobibyte (YiB)
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JEDEC Standard 100B.01defines the prefix to unitsof semiconductor storage capacity
This derives the kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte andso on
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Expressed in bytes
Increases with the number of pixels composing animage and the colour depth of the pixels
Image resolution is defined by the number of rowsand columns
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8 bit pixel stores 256 colours
24 bit pixel stores 16 million colours, known as atruecolour
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Standardised means of organizing and storingimages
File types eg. gif, jpeg, tiff, png, bmp
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Joint Photographic Experts Group Mostly are lossy format Used as the image compression algorithm in many
Adobe PDF files
Most digital camera can save photos under thisformat
Supports 8 bits per color (red, green, blue) for a 24-bit total - produces relatively small files
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Compression of image's quality is not noticeableunless file is repeatedly edited and saved
It will then suffer generational degradation
Photographic images may be better stored in alossless non-JPEG format if they will be re-edited
and will not be so pixelated
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Exchangeable image file
Incorporated in JPEG software used in mostcameras to record and standardise the exchangeof data between digital cameras and editing andviewing software
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Data recorded for individual images includes such things like: Camera settings Time and date Shutter speed Exposure Image size Compression Name of camera Color information etc
When images are viewed or edited by image editors, all theabove information can be displayed
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Tagged Image File Format
Flexible format that normally saves 8 bits or 16 bitsper color (red, green, blue) for 24-bit and 48-bit
TIFF formats are lossy and lossless
Some offer relatively good lossless compression forbi-level (black & white) images
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Some digital cameras can save in TIFF format forlossless storage
Not widely supported by web browsers
Remains widely accepted as a photograph filestandard in the printing business
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Can handle device-specific colour spaces, such asthe CMYK defined by a particular set of printingpress inks
OCR (Optical Character Recognition) softwarepackages commonly generate some (often
monochromatic) form of TIFF image for scanned
text pages
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Refers to a family of raw image formats that areoptions available on some digital cameras
Usually uses a lossless compression to produce filesizes much smaller than the TIFF formats of full-sizeprocessed images from the same camera
Not standardised or documented
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Not accepted by many graphic programs andimage editors
Can be standardised using Adobe's DigitalNegative
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Portable Network Graphics
Free open-source successor to the GIF
Supports truecolor while the GIF supports only 256 colours
Excels when the image has large, uniformly coloured areas
Lossless PNG format is best suited for editing pictures
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Lossy PNG formats are best for the final distribution ofphotographic images, just like JPG
However JPG files are smaller than PNG files
Many older browsers currently do not support PNG file format
With Internet Explorer 7, all contemporary web browsers nowsupport all common uses of PNG format, including full 8-bittranslucency
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Internet Explorer 7 may display odd colors on translucentimages ONLY when combined with IE's opacity filter
PNG provides a patent-free replacement for GIF and canalso replace many common uses of TIFF
Indexed-color, grayscale, and truecolor images aresupported, plus an optional alpha channel
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PNG is designed to work well in online viewing applications
Fully streamable with a progressive display option
Provides both full file integrity checking and simple detectionof common transmission errors
PNG can store gamma and chromaticity data for improvedcolor matching on platforms with multiple layers
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Graphics Interchange Format
Limited to an 8-bit palette, or 256 colors
Makes GIF format suitable for storing graphics withrelatively few colors such as simple diagrams,shapes, logos and cartoon style images
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Supports animation and is still widely used toprovide image animation effects
Uses a lossless compression that is more effectivewhen large areas have a single color, andineffective for detailed images
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Windows Bitmap Handles graphics files within the Microsoft Windows
OS
Typically uncompressed
Large sized Simple, widely accepted, and use in Windows
programs
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Computer Graphics Metafile
For 2D vector graphics, raster graphics, and text
All graphical elements can be specified in a textualsource file
Can be compiled into a binary file of one or twotext representations
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Independent from any particular application,system, platform, or device
Used in areas of technical illustration andprofessional design
Largely superseded by formats such as SVG andDXF
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Scalable Vector Graphics Versatile, scriptable and all-purpose vector format
for the web and otherwise
Does not have a compression scheme of its own
Can be compressed using a program such as gzip Because of its scripting potential, SVG is a key
component in web applications
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Shockwave Flash
Intended to be small enough for publication on theweb
Contain applets of varying degrees of interactivityand function
Functions as the dominant format for displaying"animated" vector graphics on the Web
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Windows Metafile
A graphics file format on Microsoft Windowssystems
Intended to be portable between applicationsand may contain both vector and bitmap
components
WMF is a 16-bit format introduced in Windows 3.0
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A newer 32-bit version with additional commands iscalled Enhanced Metafile (EMF)
Used as a graphics language for printer drivers
There are also compressed versions of WindowsMetafiles known as Compressed Windows Metafile
(WMZ) & Compressed Windows Enhanced Metafile(EMZ)