Contents of Table

Table 1..............................................11Table 2.............................................12

Contents of FiguresFigure 1...............................................................6Figure 2...............................................................7Figure 4...............................................................7Figure 3...............................................................7Figure 5...............................................................9Figure 6.............................................................14

ContentsFTP..........................................................................................................................................................4(FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL)...........................................................................................................4

CHAPTER # 01...................................................................................................................................41:1 What Is FTP......................................................................................................................................41:1:1 DIGITAL VIEW OF (FTP)............................................................................................................4

1:1:2 Preparation.................................................................................................................................41:1:3 Uses of digital FTP.....................................................................................................................5

When the FTP connection has been established and the ability to synchronize........................51:2 FTP in view of author as...............................................................................................................5Abhay Bhushan”s say”s…. that this “Linkedln is the worlds largest business network”....................5

1:3 History of FTP...................................................................................................................................51:3:1 What is TCP/IP...........................................................................................................................51.3:2 TCP/IP architectural model........................................................................................................5

1:4 FTP Development and Standardization.............................................................................................5CHAPTER # 02.......................................................................................................................................6

(PROTOCOL).....................................................................................................................................62:1 WHAT IS PROTOCOL.....................................................................................................................6

2:2 Protocol mean................................................................................................................................62:3 Uses of FTP.......................................................................................................................................62:4 FTP Server.........................................................................................................................................7

2:4:1 Starting of FTP...........................................................................................................................72:5 Getting of FTP Client........................................................................................................................72:6 To get an FTP server..........................................................................................................................72:7 Publishing of web site to an FTP server............................................................................................82:8 Uploading files on FTP.....................................................................................................................8

2:8:1 Upload Menu Option..................................................................................................................82:8:2 Upload Toolbar Button...............................................................................................................82:8:3 Drag and Drop............................................................................................................................8

2:9 Anonymous FTP................................................................................................................................82:10 PASV mode.....................................................................................................................................9

2:10:1 Control connection...................................................................................................................92:10:2 Data connection........................................................................................................................9

2:11 FTP Terminology.............................................................................................................................92:11:1 Anonymous FTP:......................................................................................................................92:11:2 Archives:..................................................................................................................................92:11:3 Download:................................................................................................................................92:11:4 FTP site:.................................................................................................................................102:11:5 Upload:...................................................................................................................................10

2:12 FTP Sample User and Internal Command Dialog.........................................................................102:13 TCP/IP General File Transfer Protocols (FTP and TFTP).............................................................12

2:13:1 In this section I take a look at the two TCP/IP general file transfer protocols........................122:13 TCP/IP Electronic Mail System: Concepts and Protocols (RFC 822, MIME, SMTP, POP3, IMAP)...................................................................................................................................................13

FTP

(FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL) CHAPTER # 01

1:1 What Is FTPFTP is a protocol for moving files from one computer or server to another .These files may be stored in their new location for storage or for viewing/downloading by others on the World Wide Web.

FTP stands for "file transfer protocol." FTP powers one of the fundamental Internet functions and is the prescribed method for the transfer of files between computers. It is also the easiest and most secure way to exchange files over the Internet.

ORThe File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to transfer computer files from one host to another host over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet.

1:2 Exposition of FTPFTP is built on a client-server architecture and uses separate control and data connections between the client and the server.FTP users may authenticate themselves using a clear-text sign-in protocol, normally in the form of a username and password, but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it. For secure transmission that protects the username and password, and encrypts the content, FTP is often secured with SSL/TLS (FTPS). SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) is sometimes also used instead, but is technologically different.

The first FTP client applications were command-line applications developed before operating systems had graphical user interfaces, and are still shipped with most Windows, Unix, and Linux operating systems. Many FTP clients and automation utilities have since been developed for desktops, servers, mobile devices, and hardware, and FTP has been incorporated into productivity applications, such as Web page editors. An FTP address looks a lot like an HTTP or web site address except it uses the prefix (ftp:// instead of http://)

(Simply FTP stands for file transfer protocol)

1:3 History of FTPThe original specification for the File Transfer Protocol was written by Abhay Bhushan and published as RFC 114 on 16 April 1971. Until 1980, FTP ran on NCP, the predecessor of TCP/IP.[2] The protocol was later replaced by a TCP/IP version, RFC 765 (June 1980) and RFC 959 (October 1985), the current specification. Several proposed standards amend RFC 959, for example RFC 2228 (June 1997) proposes security extensions and RFC 2428 (September 1998) adds support for IPv6 and defines a new type of passive mode.

1:4 DIGITAL VIEW OF (FTP)A quick, easy and very low cost way to remotely manage content such as video,playlists, schedules and data-logs on a digital signage media player with an FTPserver.

1:4:1 Preparation of Digital FTPTo enable media player to FTP server file synchronization, you will require:

At least one View Stream320 (VS-320), View Stream520 (VS-520) orView Stream700 (VS-700) and related a “DVSYNC.INI” files.

FTP server with LAN or Internet access.

Note: LAN is a local area network.

1:4:2 Uses of digital FTPWhen the FTP connection has been established and the ability to synchronizeVerified it is simply a matter of putting new video content in the FTP folders. (e.g./MEDIA/*.mpg)

1:5 FTP in view of author as;

Abhay Bhushan”s say”s…. that this “Linkedln is the worlds largest business network”.

1:6 FTP Development and StandardizationThe developers of early applications conceptually divided methods of network use into two categories: direct and indirect. Direct network applications let a user access a remote host and use it as if it were local, creating the illusion that the network doesn't even exist (or at least, minimizing the importance of distance). Indirect network use meant getting resources from a remote host and using them on the local system, then transferring them back. These two methods of use became the models for the first two formalized TCP/IP networking applications: Telnet for direct access and the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) for indirect network use.The first FTP standard was RFC 114, published in April 1971, before TCP and IP even existed. This standard defined the basic commands of the protocol and the formal means by which devises communicate using it. At this time the predecessor of TCP (called simply the Network Control Protocol or NCP) was used for conveying network traffic. There was no Internet back then. Its precursor, the ARPA net, was tiny, consisting of only a small group of development computers.

CHAPTER # 02(PROTOCOL)

2:1 WHAT IS PROTOCOL Protocol is not a program. It is not a software application. Protocol is just a method/ a specific method of transfer files.

2:2 Protocol meanThe dictionary defines the word "protocol" as:

"A set of conventions governing the treatment and especially the formatting of data in an electronic communications system."

Therefore, FTP is essentially a "set of conventions" that can be used by an "electronic communications system" to transfer files.

These "conventions" are defined in a document known as RFC 959. This document contains the details of how FTP should be implemented in software.

2:3 Uses of file transfer protocol (FTP)The most common use of FTP is to download files. FTP is vital to the MP3 music sharing, most online auctions and game enthusiasts. The ability to transfer files quickly and reliably is essential for everyone creating and maintaining a web page.

Figure 1Most web hosting services provide FTP access to their customers to allow them to upload the contents of their web sites.Companies often have FTP servers that allow users to send and receive files.Most universities have FTP servers that allow their students to download course materials and upload assignments for submission.Use FTP to transfer files among users, especially if the files are too large to attach to an email.Use FTP to browse through a collection of downloadable files on a public software archive.

2:4 FTP ServerTypically, a computer with an FTP address is dedicated to receive an FTP connection. A computer dedicated to receiving an FTP connection is referred to as an FTP server or FTP site.

Figure 2

2:4:1 Starting of FTPYou need two things to begin using FTP(A) An FTP client application and(B) An FTP server.

2:5 Getting of FTP Client

Most computer operating systems already come with an FTP client; however, it is not user-friendly. Start up a command prompt window, type "ftp" and then press “enter.” Chances are you will be greeted by an "ftp>" prompt. Unless you are well-versed with using command lines and enjoy typing,

Figure 4

there are much easier ways to FTP.FTP Explorer is an FTP client application. It is designed to make FTP simple and hassle-free. Most people agree it is much easier to use than a command line FTP client. Download FTP Explorer here.

Figure 3Figure 3

2:6 Getting of FTP serverIn many cases, the FTP server can connecting is already out there somewhere, waiting for a new established connection to it.

To set up FTP server so other users can connect to the server and transfer files,it have a few options:

Many operating systems come with an FTP server, but it is often disabled for security reasons. Windows XP Pro includes an FTP server as part of Internet Information Server, but it is disabled by default. Most Unix and Linux systems include FTP "daemons" as part of their distributions. Check with the vendor of your operating system to determine if you already have FTP server software.There are also a variety of third party FTP servers available.

2:7 Publishing of web site to an FTP server If you need to send your web site files to the FTP server that your web hosting service has established for you.

Obtain the following information from your hosting service:

o Host name or IP address of their FTP server,o The login name you should use,o The password you should use, ando The location of the folder where you should store your files.

2:8 Uploading files on FTPTo upload files, you must first be connected to an FTP server using the appropriate login and password (most servers do NOT allow anonymous users to upload). Contact the administrator of the FTP server to determine the appropriate login information. Once connected, you must navigate to the proper folder. You may not have rights to upload into every folder to which you have access. Contact the administrator of the FTP server to determine the folder that you should be uploading to.

Once connected and in the proper folder, you have several options for uploading at your disposal:

2:8:1 Upload Menu Optiono Choose the FILE | UPLOAD menu option o Select file(s) to upload from the Upload dialog box

2:8:2 Upload Toolbar Buttono Select the Upload toolbar button o Select file(s) to upload from the Upload dialog box

2:8:3 Drag and Dropo Open a windows explorer view, such as My Computer

o Navigate to the files that you wish to upload o Drag and drop the files onto the right pane of FTP Explorer

NOTE: Drag and drop is currently the only way to upload entire folders.

2:9 Anonymous FTPMany FTP servers allow "anonymous" access. Usually these servers will only allow you to download anonymously and will prohibit uploading.

To connect with an anonymous FTP server:

o Use "anonymous" for the login name o Use your email address for the password

All major software and hardware providers have anonymous FTP

o You can download upgradeso Free software e.g. MS word internet assistant, Word perfect internet publisher…

2:10 PASV modeIn order to resolve the issue of the server initiating the connection to the client a different method for FTP connections was developed. This was known as passive mode, or PASV.o An FTP session generally consists of two connections between the client and the server:

Figure 5

2:10:1 Control connectionThe first connection is known as the "control connection" and is used by the client to send commands to the server and receive responses from the server. This connection is usually made via TCP port 21.

2:10:2 Data connectionThe second connection is known as the "data connection" and is used to transfer the actual data (such as files or directory listings) between the client and server.

When PASV mode is used, the client sends a command to the server informing the server of its intent to use PASV mode, and the server responds with a TCP port. The client then initiates a connection to the server on this port and the server begins transferring data.

In general, it is usually better to use PASV mode.

2:11 FTP TerminologyFive way of FTP Terminology which we show here ;

2:11:1 Anonymous FTP:Transfers files from the public portion of an FTP server. "Anonymous" means that you don't have to have an account on the server. In most cases, use anonymous as your user name and your email address as your password.

2:11:2 Archives:The archives will continue to support FTP uploading, phasing out FTP read access in favor of HHTP (web) access. An FTP site that contains a selection of files for download.

2:11:3 Download/Get: Download also called "Get". Copy a file from an FTP site to another computer. If you're merely downloading shared files an anonymous account is usually sufficient. However, if you're downloading Web pages for update, a password and user privileges is usually required.

2:11:4 FTP site: A Web site that stores files for download. We can access the sites with a Web browser by typing in the address. All FTP site addresses begin with ftp:// (instead of http://).

2:11:5 Upload/Put: Upload also called "Put". Place files on an FTP server. Upload privileges are usually password protected to keep unauthorized users from placing files that could contain viruses or other malicious code on the server.

2:12 FTP Sample User and Internal Command DialogThe previous two sections (server & client) have described how FTP operates, and shown the commands and reply codes used to implement communication between an FTP user and an FTP server. Having now seen all the details of how FTP works, let's tie everything together by looking at a sample FTP session between an FTP client and server, to see FTP commands and replies “in action”.e.g. In this example, I will invoke FTP from a client to retrieve a text file from an FTP server, then delete the file from the server and the directory that contained it. In the process, I will issue some additional commands to illustrate more of how FTP works. I will enable “debug” mode in the FTP client so that for each user command we can see the actual FTP protocol commands generated.

Table 1

Table shows the sample FTP dialog, slightly simplified. The first column contains commands entered by the user (that's me) on the FTP client. The second shows the actual protocol command(s) sent to the FTP server in highlighted text, and the reply returned from the server to the client in plain text. The third contains descriptive comments.

Table 2

2:13 What is TCP/IP

The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite has becomethe industry-standard method of interconnecting hosts, networks, and the Internet. As such, it is.

Although TCP/IP supports a host of applications, both standard and nonstandard, these applications could not exist without the foundation of a set of core protocols.

2:14 TCP/IP architectural model

The TCP/IP protocol suite is so named for two of its most important protocols:o Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). o A less used name for it is the Internet Protocol Suite, which is the phrase used in official

Internet standards documents.

2:15 TCP/IP General File Transfer Protocols (FTP & TFTP)As I mentioned in the preceding overview of file and message transfer protocols, they represent the most basic type of network communication: the simple movement of blocks of data. Of the many file and message transfer methods, the most fundamental application is what I call general file transfer. General file transfer protocols perform one main function: allowing files to be copied from one computer to another.

Since file transfer protocols move files from place to place without considering their contents much, they are relatively “unsophisticated” compared to certain message-processing applications. However, the idea of being able to move files around is so important that general file transfer protocols were one of the very first applications in internetworking. While many people now use electronic mail or Web browsers to perform the functions formerly performed exclusively using general file transfer, these older protocols are still very important and widely used, and important to understand.

2:16 In this section I take a look at the two TCP/IP general file transfer protocols. o The first is called simply the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). o The second is called the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP). Each is described in its own subsection.

The relationship between FTP and TFTP is similar to that of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) at layer four. FTP is full-featured, session-oriented and somewhat complex. It is the more often-used of the two protocols, providing a full command interface and taking advantage of the reliability and stream transfer functions of TCP, over which it runs. TFTP, like the UDP it uses at the transport layer, is a “stripped down” version of FTP. It has far fewer commands and capabilities than FTP, but is ideal for cases where simplicity and small software program size is important, such as embedded software in devices.

Figure 6

2:17 TCP/IP Electronic Mail System: Concepts and Protocols (RFC 822, MIME, SMTP, POP3, IMAP)

In this section I describe TCP/IP electronic mail in detail, in five sections that discuss electronic mail concepts and the various components and protocols that comprise the overall TCP/IP e-mail system

The first subsection provides an overview of TCP/IP electronic mail and discusses the way that it is used and the different protocols and methods that comprise the system.

The second discusses how e-mail messages are addressed. The third covers standard and special formats for e-mail messages. The fourth describe the TCP/IP protocols that implement electronic mail functionality. The fifth subsections an examination of the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), which

is responsible for the delivery of e-mail, and several protocols and methods used for mailbox access and mail retrieval, including POP3 and IMAP.