Figure 5.0 Spider’s web made of protein
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Transcript of Figure 5.0 Spider’s web made of protein
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Figure 5.0 Spider’s web made of protein
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Figure 5.1 Building models to study the structure and function of macromolecules
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Figure 5.2 The synthesis and breakdown of polymers
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Figure 5.3 The structure and classification of some monosaccharides
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Figure 5.29 The components of nucleic acids; differences between DNA and RNA
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Figure 5.3x Hexose sugars
Glucose Galactose
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Figure 5.4 Linear and ring forms of glucose
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Figure 5.5 Examples of disaccharide synthesis
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Figure 5.5x Glucose monomer and disaccharides
Glucose monomer
Sucrose
Maltose
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Figure 5.6 Storage polysaccharides
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Figure 5.7a Starch and cellulose structures
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Figure 5.7b,c Starch and cellulose structures
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Figure 5.7x Starch and cellulose molecular models
Glucose Glucose
Starch
Cellulose
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Figure 5.8 The arrangement of cellulose in plant cell walls
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Figure 5.x1 Cellulose digestion: termite and Trichonympha
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Figure 5.x2 Cellulose digestion: cow
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Figure 5.9 Chitin, a structural polysaccharide: exoskeleton and surgical thread
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Figure 5.10 The synthesis and structure of a fat, or triacylglycerol
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Figure 5.11x Saturated and unsaturated fats and fatty acids: butter and oil
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Figure 5.11 Examples of saturated and unsaturated fats and fatty acids
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Figure 5.12 The structure of a phospholipid
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Figure 5.13 Two structures formed by self-assembly of phospholipids in aqueous environments
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Figure 5.14 Cholesterol, a steroid
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Figure 8.6 The detailed structure of an animal cell’s plasma membrane, in cross section
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Figure 4.8 A comparison of functional groups of female (estradiol) and male (testosterone) sex hormones
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Table 5.1 An Overview of Protein Functions
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Figure 5.0 Spider’s web made of protein
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Figure 5.15 The 20 amino acids of proteins: nonpolar
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Figure 5.15 The 20 amino acids of proteins: polar and electrically charged
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Figure 5.16 Making a polypeptide chain
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Figure 5.18 The primary structure of a protein
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Figure 5.20 The secondary structure of a protein
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Figure 5.22 Examples of interactions contributing to the tertiary structure of a protein
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Figure 5.17 Conformation of a protein, the enzyme lysozyme
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Figure 5.23 The quaternary structure of proteins
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Figure 5.19 A single amino acid substitution in a protein causes sickle-cell disease
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LE 5-21b
Primarystructure
Secondaryand tertiarystructures
1 2 3
Normal hemoglobin
Val His Leu
4Thr
5Pro
6Glu Glu
7Primarystructure
Secondaryand tertiarystructures
1 2 3
Sickle-cell hemoglobin
Val His Leu
4Thr
5Pro
6Val Glu
7
Quaternarystructure
Normalhemoglobin(top view)
Function Molecules donot associatewith oneanother; eachcarries oxygen.
Quaternarystructure
Sickle-cellhemoglobin
Function Molecules interact withone another tocrystallize intoa fiber; capacityto carry oxygenis greatly reduced.
Exposedhydrophobicregion subunit subunit
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Figure 5.24 Review: the four levels of protein structure
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Figure 5.25 Denaturation and renaturation of a protein
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Figure 5.26 A chaperonin in action
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Figure 5.x3 James Watson and Francis Crick
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Figure 5.28 DNA RNA protein: a diagrammatic overview of information flow in a cell
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Figure 5.29 The components of nucleic acids; differences between DNA and RNA
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Figure 5.30 The DNA double helix and its replication
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Figure 5.x4 Rosalind Franklin
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Table 5.2 Polypeptide Sequence as Evidence for Evolutionary Relationships