Figure 41.0 Animals eating: foal, bear, and stork

Figure 41.1 Homeostatic regulation of cellular fuel

Figure 41.2 A ravenous rodent

Figure 41.3 Obtaining essential nutrients

Figure 41.4 Essential amino acids from a vegetarian diet

Figure 41.5 Storing protein for growth

Table 41.1 Vitamin Requirements of Humans: Water-Soluble Vitamins

Table 41.1 Vitamin Requirements of Humans: Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Table 41.2 Mineral Requirements of Humans

Figure 41.6 Suspension-feeding: a baleen whale

Figure 41.7 Substrate-feeding: a leaf miner

Figure 41.8 Fluid-feeding: a mosquito

Figure 41.9 Bulk-feeding: a python

Figure 5.2 The synthesis and breakdown of polymers

Figure 41.10 Intracellular digestion in Paramecium

Figure 41.11 Extracellular digestion in a gastrovascular cavity

Figure 41.12 Alimentary canals

Figure 41.13 The human digestive system

Figure 41.14 From mouth to stomach: the swallowing reflex and esophageal peristalsis (Layer 3)

Figure 41.15 Secretion of gastric juice

Figure 41.19 The structure of the small intestine

Figure 41.16 The duodenum

Figure 41.17 Enzymatic digestion in the human digestive system

Figure 5.15 The 20 amino acids of proteins: nonpolar

Figure 5.16 Making a polypeptide chain

Figure 41.18 Activation of protein-digesting enzymes in the small intestine

Figure 41.19 The structure of the small intestine

Restrictive surgery—adjustable gastric banding

Restrictive surgery—vertical banded gastroplasty

Malabsorptive operation

Figure 41.x1 Large intestine

Figure 41.20 Dentition and diet

Figure 41.21 The digestive tracts of a carnivore (coyote) and a herbivore (koala) compared

Figure 41.22 Ruminant digestion

Figure 41.x2 Termite and Trichonympha